Holy Prophet of Islam - Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa

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صلى الله عليه وسلم

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THE HOLY PROPHET. OF. ISLĀM. HADRAT MUHAMMAD MUSTAFĀ (Peace and Blessings of Allāh be Upon Him)

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3 صلى الله عليه وسلم. THE HOLY PROPHET. OF. ISLAM. HADRAT MUHAMMAD MUSTAFĀ (Peace and Blessings of Allāh be Upon Him) وہ پیشوا همارا جس سے ھے نور سارا نام اس کا ھے محمد ، دلبر مرا یہی ھے. That leader of ours, from whom radiates all light;. His name is Muḥammad, he is the one who has captivated my heart. The Promised Messiah and Mahdı as. Dr. Karimullah Zirvi

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First Edition Published in September 2009. By. KZ Publications 14-21 Saddle River Road. Fair Lawn, NJ 07410. USA. ISBN 978 1 882494 26 2. Copyright ©. KZ Publications 14-21 Saddle River Road. Fair Lawn, NJ 07410. USA. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without prior written permission from the publisher, except for quotation of brief passages.

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيْمِ بشم sa. In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful. THE HOLY PROPHET. OF. ISLAM. HADRAT MUHAMMAD MUSTAFĀ (Peace and Blessings of Allāh be upon him). TABLE OF CONTENTS aba. Foreword: Hadrat Mirzā Masroor Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih V** 11. Comments: Maulānā Daud A. Hanif, Nā'ib Amir and Missionary. In-charge, USA. Publisher's Note. System of Transliteration. Introduction: Karimullah Zirvi .... 1. The World Before Islām. Arabian Peninsula Before Islām 13 14 16 19 25 30 1

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa. Mecca, the Birthplace of the Holy Prophet as. Prophethood in Hadrat Nūḥ's" (Noah) Progeny as. Hadrat Ibrahim" and Hadrat Ismāï'l as 2. sa. The Holy Prophet of Islām 31 34 . 34 42. Birth and Childhood ..... 42. Joined Hilful Fudul Association During. His Youth... 50. As a Shepherd 51. Marriage with Hadrat Khadijah" 51. Rebuilding of the Sacred House of Allah (Ka'bah) 52 3. The Beginning of Islām. Worship of Allāh in Solitude. Receiving the First Revelation. The Pause in Revelation 53 333 53 53 55 4.. Conveying the Message of Islām 57. Invitation to Abū Jahl to Accept Islām ..... Rejection of the Message by the Meccans sa 33 62 63. Hostility Towards the Holy Prophet" and. His Companions™ 63. Migration of Muslims to Abyssinia (Habshah) ... 65 га. Hadrat Hamzah Accepts Islām 68 ra. Hadrat 'Umar Accepts Islām 68. Confinement in Shi‘bi Abī Ṭālib. The Year of Sorrow and Grief: Death of Abu Talib 70 га and Hadrat Khadijah 2 72

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa. Conveying the Message to the People of Ta'if .... 72 5.. The Night Journey 77. Journey From Mecca to Jerusalem (Isra'). Ascension to Heaven (Mi'raj) 77 81 6.. Migration to Medina. Migration of Early Muslims to Medina. The First Covenant of 'Aqabah. The Second Covenant of ‘Aqabah ངཙཙ 91 91 94 94. Conditions of the Last Pledge of ‘Aqabah.. 95 sa. Migration of the Holy Prophet to Medina ...... 96 sa. A Plan to Assassinate the Holy Prophet. Stay in the Cave Thaur. Stop at the Camp of Umm Ma'bad sa. Arrival of the Holy Prophet in Medina. Construction of Masjid Nabawi sa. Early Days of the Holy Prophet in Medina 107. Establishment of Fraternity Among Ansar and Muhajirin 96 100 103 .... 104 105 108. The Covenant of Medina 110. The Hypocrites of Medina 113. Pact Among the Various Tribes of Medina.. 114. The First Written Constitution 116. Facing the Ka'bah in Prayer 118 sa. Divine Protection for the Holy Prophet 119 7. Battles of Badr and Uhud. Battle of Badr 123 123 3

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Charter of Freedom. Murder of Ka'b bin Ashraf .... sa 134 135. Ghazwah Ghaṭafān (Ghazwah Qarqarat Al-Kudr).. 135. Ghazwah Al-Sawiq. Battle of Uhud ....... Reconnaissance Mission Sent by sa the Holy Prophet. Martyrdom of Muslims at Bi'r Ma'ūnah. Encounter with Banu Mustaliq and Battle of 8.. Ahzab (Battle of the Ditch). Encounter with Banu Mustaliq. Battle of Ahzab (Battle of the Ditch).. The Banu Quraizah Punished for Their. Treachery 9.. Hudaibiyyah Pact (Sulh Hudaibiyyah). The Oath of Ridwan (Bai'at-e-Ridwan). Ghazwah Dhi Qarad (Ghazwah Gābah) 10. Invitations Sent to Various Rulers to Accept 4 136 137 142 145 147 147 149 153 162 163 167. Islām 170. Heraclius, the Emperor of Rome 170. Chosroes, the King of Persia 174. The Negus, the King of Abyssinia 178. Muqawqis, the King of Egypt. 179. Various Tribal Chiefs 181

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa 11. The Jews of Medina 184. Fall of Khaibar 186. Peace Agreement With the Inhabitants of Fadak.... 188. Ghazwah Wādī al-Qurā 189. Ghazwah Taymā' 191. Ghazwah Dhātur Riqā' 191 12. Battle of Mu'tah 13. The Conquest of Mecca. The House of Allāh (Ka'bah) Cleared of the Idols sa. The Holy Prophet's Dream Regarding Migration and Future Successes 14. Battles of Hunain and Autās. Battle of Hunain. Divine Help. Battle of Autās. Distribution of the Spoils of the Battles of. Hunain and Autās 15. The Expedition of Tabūk 193 197 ... 200 202 203 203 207 208 209 212 ra. The Case of the Three Companions Who. Remained Behind in the Expedition of Tabük. Establishment of Mosques 215 224 5

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa 16. Demolition of the Conspiracy Centers. Demolition of the Mosque Built by Hypocrites (Dirar Mosque) 225 225. Demolition of the House Used by the Hypocrites. 228. Death of 'Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salūl ..... 229 17. Basic Teachings of Islām 232. The Five Fundamentals of Islām 232. Shahada (Declaration of Faith) 234. Salāt (Daily Prayers) 235 Şaum (Fasting of Ramaḍān) 236 237 240 242. Zakāt. Hajj (Pilgrimage). Compilation of the Holy Qur'an 18. The Exalted Status of the Holy Prophet". As Stated in the Holy Qur'ān sa 246 246 277. The Holy Prophet* States About His High Status ... 274. Two Phases of the Life of the Holy Prophet". The Exalted Status of the Holy Prophet™ in the Sight of the Promised Messiah sa sa 19. Physical Description and Habits of the Holy 280 6 sa. Prophet sa. The Holy Prophet" Describes About Himself. Physical Description and Personality of the. Holy Prophet sa. The Daily Routine 285 285 287 .. 292

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Patience in Adversity. Simple Lifestyle. Humility. Pleasing Sense of Humor 20. A Synopsis of the High Moral Excellences sa 293 294 297 300 of the Holy Prophet™ 302. His Character 302. Trust and Faith in God 305. Rejected Help from an Infidel 307. Love of God and Submission to Him 307. Miraculous Divine Help 309. Revelations, Visions and Prophecies 312. Marriage with Hadrat 'A'ishah ra .... 313. False Claimants: Musailimah ibn Habīb (al-Kadhdhāb) and Aswad ‘Ansi. Death of Aswad 'Ansi. Death of Quraish Leaders of Mecca in the 313 .... 314. Battle of Badr. Prophecy Regarding the Death of. Chosroes Pervaiz 314 315. Chosroes' Bracelets and Surāqah bin Mālik. 316. The Prophecy Regarding Sea Conquests.... 316. Prophecy Regarding the Glory of Islām... 317. Acceptance of His Prayers. Love of the Holy Qur'ān 318 325. His Worship and Love for Prayers 326. Thankfulness for Divine Bounties 328. Truthfulness 329. Excellences in Dealing with Others 331. Devotion Towards Moral Training of the Muslims 331. Justice and Fair Dealings 333. Fulfillment of the Covenants 336 7

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Trustworthiness 336. Generosity. Bravery 337 338. Kindheartedness ....... Self-Control and Tolerance 340 342. Love for Humanity 346 ra. Love for the Companions" 347. Treatment of the Non-Muslims 348. Respect for the Non-Muslim Delegates 348. Charter of Privileges 349. Respect for the Dead 351. Appreciation of the Service to Mankind.... 352. Treatment of the Uncultured 353. Serving a Disbeliever.... 353. Helping the Oppressed and Orphans. Love for the Poor ....... Love for Children 353 356 357. Treatment of Women 359. Treatment of Neighbors 361. Treatment of Slaves ..... 362. Treatment of Servants and Laborers 363. Treatment of Animals 364. Visiting the Sick 366. Extraordinary Patience 367. As a Judge 369. Loving Father and Grandfather 370 21. Wives of the Holy Prophet sa 374. Hadrat Khadijah" га 374. Hadrat Saudah 376. Hadrat 'A'ishah' га 378. Age at the Time of Her Marriage 381. Slander Against Her 382. An Interesting Episode 384 8

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. The Battle of Jamal (Camel) ra. Hadrat Hafsah. Hadrat Zainab bint Khuzaimah га. Hadrat Ummi Salamah". Hadrat Zainab bint Jahsh. Hadrat Juwairiyyah ra ra ra. Hadrat Safiyyah. An Interesting Episode ra. Hadrat Ummi Habibah. Hadrat Mariah al-Qibtiyyah™. Hadrat Maimunah га sa 386 387 ra 388 388 390 394 396 399 399 .... 402 404 22. Life of the Wives of the Holy Prophet" sa. Separation of the Holy Prophet" from His. Wives for One Month 405 406. Some Other Events in the Life of the Wives sa of the Holy Prophet 408. The Incident of Honey 412 23. Children of the Holy Prophet. Sons of the Holy Prophet sa sa. Daughters of the Holy Prophet. Hadrat Zainab ra. Hadrat Ruqayyah" and. Hadrat Ummi Kulthūm. Hadrat Fatimah™ ra 414 414 sa 415 415 ra 415 416 9

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa 24. The Farewell Address of the Holy Prophet" at the Occasion of the Last Pilgrimage (Ḥajjatul. Wida) and His Illness. The Farewell Address sa. The Holy Prophet's Illness. Funeral Prayer and Burial. The Last Will of the Holy Prophet sa 25. Some Important Dates and Events in the Life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad™ 10. Sa 417 419 422 424 427 429. Glossary of Terms 441. Lunar Months in Islamic Calendar 444. Bibliography 445. Index 447. About the Author 455

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Sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. THE HOLY PROPHET. OF. ISLĀM. HADRAT MUHAMMAD MUSTAFĀ (Peace and Blessings of Allāh be upon him). FOREWORD. Hadrat Khalifatul Masiḥ Vaba واجعل لي من لدنك سلعاً يسيراً انا فتحنا لك متحاشية الله بندر وأنت. MIRZA MASROOR AHMAD. HEAD OF THE AHMADIYYA COMMUNITY. IN ISLAM سم الله الحمد العليم نَحْمَدُه وَ نُصَلِّي عَلَى رَسُولِهِ الكَرِيمِ وعلى عبده المسيح الموعود خدا کے فضل اور رحم کے ساتھ هو الناصر. Dear Dr. Karimullah Zirvi Sahib, السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته. I have received your book entitled "Holy Prophet of Islām -- Ḥaḍrat. Muḥammad Mustafa" (may peace and blessings of Allāh be upon him).. It gives me great pleasure to introduce this book written with painstaking research and a grand effort by the author on the life of. Muḥammad, the Holy Prophet of Islām, may peace and blessings of Allāh be upon him. It is a most welcome addition for the English speaking world to better understand the life and teachings of Muḥammad peace and blessings of Allāh be upon him. The Holy Prophet Muhammad was sent as a Mercy for all mankind. Through every facet of life, his biography, that needs to be told again and again, reveals a noble character and an excellent exemplar for all of us. 11

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. It is ironic that it is only Aḥmadi Muslims who have accepted the responsibility of suggesting solutions to the kind of problems in which the world is immersed today by reflecting on the life of the Prophet and respond to the many objections raised against his character by the opponents of Islām. In a way that was also the primary purpose of the advent of Ḥaḍrat Mirzā Ghulām Aḥmad of Qadian (1835-1908) who claimed that he was the Promised Messiah and Reformer expected by the world. This is why it is our obligation to make manifest in the English language the life and excellent example of the Holy Prophet of Islām, may peace and blessings of Allāh be upon him, so that the maximum number of people in the English speaking world should become aware of his life and his character.. For instance: Decisions in respect of Jewish persons in Madinah were made according to the teaching of Moses, on whom be peace. Once, a very near Companion of the Holy Prophet, peace and blessings of Allāh be upon him, said, “The Holy Prophet is superior to Prophet Moses, on whom be peace." He was severely reprimanded for this action by the Holy. Prophet, peace and blessings of Allāh be upon him, who declared: "Do not express my superiority over Moses, peace be on him, because it has broken the heart of a Jewish person." Despite the superior position of the Holy Prophet, peace and blessings of Allāh be upon him, in the heart of the Muslims and regardless of the greatest position bestowed to the Holy Prophet in the Holy Qur'an, the proclamation made by the. Holy Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, not to call him superior to Moses on whom be peace, was meant to prevent disturbance in the peace of the society.. Such was the life of the Holy Prophet a life worth emulating. mall. MIRZA MASROOR AHMAD. Khalifatul Masih V. Head of the worldwide Ahmadiyya Muslim Community 11 June 2009 12

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيْمِ sa. In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful. Comments About the Book by. Maulānā Daud A. Hanif,. Nā'ib Amir and Missionary In-charge, USA sa. Many biographies of the Holy Prophet Muhammad" have been written by different authors. These books cover many aspects of his life.. Each book has a different hue and color. The book, "The Holy Prophet of. Islām, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa (May Peace and Blessings of Allāh be upon Him)" by Dr. Karimullah Zirvi has a very special charm. I have read its final manuscript thoroughly and have found that this 450 page text has been prepared by the author by delving deep into the original sources of. Islamic history on the life of the Holy Prophet". He has provided authentic references for the quotes from the earlier records. He has thus produced a novel history of the Holy Prophet", which covers most of the aspects of his life. Its reading creates a yearning for a deep study into the life of the Holy. Prophet and has a great attraction, especially for the young readership and researchers. Anyone who reads it would love to have it in their personal library so that future generations may also benefit from this authentic source. It is a very praiseworthy effort. May Allah reward him for this difficult and arduous task which he has carried out incessantly for a long period of time to accomplish this valuable work! sa sa. Daud A. Hanif. Na'ib Amir and Missionary In-charge, USA. July 29, 2009 13

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa. PUBLISHER'S NOTE. Please note that in referencing the Holy Qur'an we have counted the verse: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ. In the Name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful as the first verse of the Chapter in which it appears. Some publishers of the Holy Qur'an, however, begin counting the verses after the verse اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ بشم. Should the reader not find the relevant verse under the number given in the book, it would be found in the adjacent lower number. For instance, the reader would find the referred verse under 3 instead of 4. ra rh га. The translation of the verses of the Holy Qur'an mentioned in the book is taken from Hadrat Maulawi Sher ‘Ali Sahib's translation. In addition, the translation done by Ḥadrat Khalifatul Masih IV in the appendix of the Holy Qur'an with Hadrat Maulawi Sher ‘Ali Sahib's' translation has been given. Many translators add explanatory words in their translation, which are not found in the Qur'anic text. But they see to it that the reader is not misled to consider them as words of the Qur'an.. Hadrat Maulawi Sher Ali Şahib has italicized such words. ra. The name of Muḥammadsa, the Holy Prophet of Islām, has been followed by the symbol sa, which is an abbreviation for the salutation. Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (may peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). The names of other Prophets and Messengers are followed by the symbol as, an abbreviation for ‘Alaihissalam (on whom be peace). The 14

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa 58 symbol ra is used with the name of the Companions of the Holy Prophetsa and those of the Promised Messiahas. It stands for Radi Allahu ‘anhu/‘anhã/‘anhum (May Allāh be pleased with him/with her/with them).. The symbol rh stands for Rahimahullahu Ta'ala (may Allah grant him. peace). The symbol aba stands for Ayyadahullahu Ta'ala bi naṣrihil ‘azız (May Allah the Almighty help him with His powerful support). The actual salutations have not been set out in full for the sake of brevity and ease for the reader. Muslim readers should treat the full salutation as implicit. 15

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa. SYSTEM OF TRANSLITERATION. TRANSLITERATION. In transliterating Arabic words we adhere to the following system adopted by the Royal Asiatic Society: at the beginning of a word, pronounced as a, i, u preceded by a very slight aspiration, like h in the English word 'honour'. th, pronounced like th in the English word 'thing'. ح خ j 3 3 ض b ظ ع h, a guttural aspirate, stronger than h. kh, pronounced like the Scotch ch in 'loch'. 16 dh, pronounced like the English th in 'that'. ș, strongly articulated s. d, similar to the English th in 'this'. t, strongly articulated palatal t.. Z, strongly articulated z. : " a strong guttural, the pronunciation of which must be learned by the ear.

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غ له ق. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa gh, a sound approached very nearly in the r 'grasseye' in. French, and in the German r. It requires the muscles of the throat to be in the gargling position whilst pronouncing it. q, a deep guttural k sound. , , a sort of catch in the voice.. Short vowels are represented by a for _ (like u in 'bud'); i for _ i (like in 'bid'); u for _ (like oo in 'wood'); the long vowels by a for ✓ or ī (like a in 'father'); i for Sor ai for (like i in 'site'); ū for _ (resembling ou in 'sound'). و (like ee in 'deep'); ✓ (like oo in 'root'); au for و. The consonants not included in the above list have the same phonetic value as in the principal languages of Europe.. For quotes straight commas (straight quotes) are used to differentiate them from the curved commas used in the system of transliteration, ' for وع , and for . Commas as punctuation marks are used according to the normal usage. w. We have represented tashdid (shadd) by doubling the consonant having tashdid, e.g., the word in which the letter 'ba' has no 17

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa $8 tashdid is written as 'ra ba' while in which the letter 'bā' has a tashdid on it is written as 'rabba'.. The muffled sound of when ن tanwin has been represented by ñ. و or with tashdid follow the. As there are no capitals in Arabic, there are no capitals in transliteration, when the transliteration is not a part of the English text. We have followed the rules of English grammar (and have used capitals where applicable) when Arabic words or expressions appear in the English text. 18

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيْمِ $8. In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful. THE HOLY PROPHET. OF. ISLAM. HADRAT MUHAMMAD MUSTAFĀ (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him). INTRODUCTION sa sa sa. The life of the Holy Prophet of Islām" is an open book, any part of which one may turn and see the details about his life. There is no other. Prophet whose life is as well-recorded and accessible to study as that of the Holy Prophet of Islām". A large number of books have been written about the holy life and the excellent morals of the Holy Prophet" by a variety of authors throughout the world. However, the life-story of the. Holy Prophet of Islām" is so open and so rich that it cannot be covered fully. Only glimpses of the life of the Holy Prophet have been presented in these books. The story is still incomplete and countless books will be written about the personality, excellent moral character and life of the. Holy Prophet. sa sa. This book is another humble effort to present the life and character of an excellent model for mankind whom God Almighty unequivocally has referred to in the Holy Qur'an as Al-Insan (a perfect man) and who bore the trust (Al-Amanat) which the heavens, the earth and the mountains declined to bear: 19

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa إِنَّا عَرَضْنَا الْأَمَانَةَ عَلَى السَّمَوتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَالْجِبَالِ فَأَبَيْنَ أَنْ يُحْمِلْنَهَا وَأَشْفَقْنَ مِنْهَا وَحَمَلَهَا الْإِنْسَانُ innā ‘araḍnal amānata ‘alassamawati wal ardi wal jibāli fa abaina añyyaḥmilnaha wa ashfaqna minha wa ḥamalahal insānu. Verily, We offered the Trust to the heavens and the earth and the mountains, but they refused to bear it and were afraid of it. But man bore it. (33:73) stated:. In the commentary of the above verse of the Holy Qur'an it is sa sa. Taking al-Amanat (trust) in the sense of the Law of the Qur'an and al-Insan signifies the perfect man, i.e., the Holy Prophet", the verse would mean that of all the denizens of the heavens and the earth, the Holy. Prophet alone was found to be capable of being entrusted with the revelation of the most perfect and final Law - the Qur'an, because no other man or being was endowed with those great qualities which were indispensable for the full and adequate discharge of this great responsibility. (The Holy Qur'an with English Translation and Short Commentary, Malik. Ghulam Farid, Islam International Publications, UK, 2002.) sa. The Holy Prophet" was a Messenger for all mankind. Allāh says in the Holy Qur'an: قُلْ يَايُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّى رَسُوْلُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيْعًا الَّذِي لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَوتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ qul ya ayyu hannāsu innī rasūlullahi ilaikum jami‘a nilladhi lahū 20

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa mulkussamawati walard. Say, O mankind! truly I am a Messenger to you all from Allāh to Whom belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth. (7:159) sa. In the Holy Qur'an the Holy Prophet is mentioned as Ta Ha (O. Perfect Man) and in a Hadith-e-Qudsi Allāh says about the Holy Prophet": لوْلَاكَ لَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْأَفْلَاَكَ lau laka lama khalaqtul aflaka (O Muḥammad!) Had I not planned to create you, I would not have created the. Universe (Al-Fuwa'idul Majmu'ah, Muhammad bin 'Ali Ashshaukānī, p. 346) sa. The Holy Prophet" was a Messenger of Allah but a human being. It is said in the Holy Qur'ān: قُلْ سُبْحَانَ رَبِّي هَلْ كُنْتُ إِلَّا بَشَرًا رَّسُوْلاً هُ qul subhana rabbi hal kuntu illa bashararrasula. Say, 'Holy is my Lord! I am not but a man sent as a Messenger.' (17:94) ra sa. Thus, the Holy Prophet" was an excellent model and example for mankind. He possessed and claimed no supernatural powers. As a human being, he was like other men: a son, a husband and a father. He was employed by Hadrat Khadijah" before his marriage with her. He was first a citizen and then the chief executive of Medina, Mecca and pan Islāmica.. He was a religious leader and guide for all mankind. He was a man of peace. For thirteen years he suffered all sorts of agony during his stay in 21

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Mecca. He went to war to defend his community against threats from the enemies of Islām only when he was told to do so by God Almighty. In battle, he commanded his forces but did not personally kill anyone. He was a humble, kind-hearted and brave person.. God Almighty says in the Holy Qur'ān: إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَ مَلْئِكَتَهُ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ يَأَيُّهَا الَّذِيْنَ أَمَلُوْا صَلُّوْا عَلَيْهِ innallaha wa mala'ikatahū yuṣallūna وَسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيمًا 0 ‘alannabiyyi ya ayyuhalladhina amanu sallu ‘alaihi wa sallimu taslimā. Allāh and His angels send blessings on the Prophet. O ye who believe! you also should invoke blessings on him and salute him with the salutation of peace. (33:57) sa. The Holy Prophet" explained how to invoke Durūd. He said: صَادِقٌ مِّنْ نَّفْسِه sadiqamminnafsihi (Send Durūd) with absolute sincerity. So we send Durūd with absolute sincerity of the heart: اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ و عَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيْمَ وَ عَلَى الِ إِبْرَاهِيْمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَّجِيدٌ alſahumma șalli ‘ala muḥammadiñwwa ‘ala ali muḥammadin kamā 22

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa şallaita ‘ala ibrāhīma wa ‘ala ali ibrāhīma innaka ḥamīdummajid. Bless O Allah, Muḥammad and the people of Muḥammad as You did bless. Abraham and the people of Abraham. You are indeed the Praiseworthy, the. Glorious. اَللّهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلَى الِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ عَلى أَلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَّجِيدٌ allahumma barik ‘ala muhammadiñwwa 'ala ali muḥammadin kamā bārakta ‘ala ibrāhīma wa ‘ala ali ibrāhīma innaka hamidummajid. Prosper O Allah, Muḥammad and the people of Muḥammad as You did prosper. Abraham and the people of Abraham. You are indeed the Praiseworthy, the. Glorious. sa sa. The Holy Qur'an is the best source of information about the life of the Holy Prophet". Almost all the events which took place in the life of the. Holy Prophet are mentioned in the Holy Qur'ān. Similarly, the traditions of the Holy Prophet" present and explain vividly the various events which took place during the life of the Holy Prophet. In this book I have tried to use both sources of information -- the Holy Qur'an and the traditions of the. Holy Prophet to present the holy life of the Holy Prophet". sa sa. It is a great honor and I am very pleased that Hadrat Khalifatul. Masih V very graciously has written a preface for this book. aba. I dedicate this book to my parents, the late Soofi Khuda Bakhsh. Zirvi and the late Amatul Karim Zirvi.. My father, Soofi Khuda Bakhsh Zirvi was the first one to join the fold of Aḥmadiyyat in his family. He accepted Ahmadiyyat when he was 23

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Sa ra. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa just 17 years old. He spent most of his life serving Ahmadiyyat. He spent some time as a Derwaish in Qadian during 1947-1948 when Haḍrat Musleh. Mau'ūd asked for volunteers to go to Qadian at the time of the partition of the Indian subcontinent into India and Pakistan. Upon his return from. Qadian in 1948 he devoted his life for the service of Ahmadiyyat. In early 1949, he moved with his family to Rabwah, which at that time was an inhospitable barren land. He retired in 1992 as Na'ib Nazim Mal,. Waqf-e-Jadid, Rabwah. He had the honor of working for almost 25 years with Ḥaḍrat Khalifatul Masiḥ IVth in Waqf-e-Jadid. Upon his demise in 1998 at the age of 87 years, a letter of condolence from Ḥaḍrat Khalifatul. Masīḥ IV stated: "I am grieved to know about the sad demise of a long-serving servant of the Jama'at. The deceased was a very sincere and revered person who was highly prayerful and devoted to supplications. I had an old acquaintance with him. He had served the Jama'at selflessly.. May God Almighty elevate his soul to high ranks in paradise." rh. My mother, Amatul Karim Zirvi, who was daughter of the late. Babu Abdul Ghani Ambalvi, passed away suddenly at the young age of 37 years when I was 15 years old. May Allah bless her soul. Amin. I am grateful to Maulāna Daud A. Hanif, Nā'ib Amir and. Missionary In-charge USA, Mr. Lutfur Rahman Mahmood, Maulāna. Naseer A. Qamar, Additional Vakil-e-Isha'at, London, Maulāna. Munir-ud-Din Shams, Additional Vakilut Tasnif, London, Maulāna Hadi. Ali Chaudhary, Professor, Jami'a Aḥmadiyya, Canada, Mr. Habibur. Rehman Zirvi, Nā'ib Nāzir Ishā‘at, Rabwah and Dr. Naseer Ahmad for reviewing the manuscript and making excellent suggestions, which have been gladly incorporated. I appreciate Mr. Latif Ahmed's help in making the cover of the book. I also would like to acknowledge Dr. Monib Zirvi and Dr. Kaukab Zirvi for their help with editing the manuscript.. September 2009 24. Karimullah Zirvi

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa. THE HOLY PROPHET. OF. ISLĀM. HADRAT MUHAMMAD MUSTAFA (Peace and Blessings of Allāh be upon him) 1. The World Before Islām. The world before Islām was quite different from what it is today.. The two main powers at that time were the Roman Empire and the Persian. Empire.. For many centuries the countries of the Mediterranean basin had been part of the Roman Empire. A settled countryside produced grain, fruits, wine and oil, and trade tarried along peaceful sea routes; in the great cities, a wealthy class of many origins shared the Greek and Latin culture of the empire. From the fourth century of the Christian era, the center of imperial power had moved eastwards. Constantinople replaced Rome as the capital city; there, the emperor was the focus of loyalty and the symbol of cohesion. Later on, in Germany, England, France, Spain and northern. Italy, barbarian kings ruled, although the sense of belonging to the Roman. Empire still existed; southern Italy, Sicily, the north African coast, Egypt,. Syria, Anatolia and Greece remained under direct imperial rule from. Constantinople. In this shrunken form, the empire was more Greek than 25

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa. Roman. In its later phases it was more commonly called 'Byzantine' than. Roman, after the former name of Constantinople, Byzantium.. Then a deeper change took place. The empire had become. Christian, not just by formal decree of the ruler but by conversion at different levels. The majority of the population was Christian, although pagan philosophers taught in the school of Athens until the sixth century,. Jewish communities lived in the cities, and memories of the pagan gods still haunted the temples turned into churches. Besides the official. Orthodox Church, there sprouted others which differed from it in doctrine and practice and which gave expression to the loyalties and opposition to central authority of those whose language was other than Greek.. Over time, due to a dispute of authority there took place a division between the Church in the Byzantine territories, the Eastern Orthodox. Church with its patriarchs as heads of its priesthood, and those in western. Europe who accepted the supreme authority of the Pope in Rome.. To the east of the Byzantine Empire, across the Euphrates river, lay another great empire, that of the Sasanians, whose rule extended over what are now Iran and Iraq, and stretched into central Asia. The land now called. Iran or Persia contained a number of regions of high culture and ancient cities inhabited by different ethnic groups, divided from each other by steppes or deserts, with no great rivers to give them easy communication.. From time to time they had been united by strong and lasting dynasties; the latest was that of the Sasanians, whose original power lay among the. Persian-speaking peoples of southern Iran. Theirs was a family state ruled through a hierarchy of officials, and they tried to provide a solid basis of unity and loyalty by reviving the ancient religion of Iran, traditionally associated with the teacher Zoroaster. For this religion, the universe was a battle-ground, beneath the supreme God, between good and evil spirits; the good would win, but men and women of virtue and ritual purity could hasten the victory.. The two empires included the main regions of settled life and high culture in the western half of the world, but further south, on either side of the Red Sea, lay two other societies with traditions of organized power and 26

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa culture maintained by agriculture and by trade between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean. One was Ethiopia, an ancient kingdom with. Christianity in its Coptic form as the official religion. The other was. Yemen in south-western Arabia, a land of fertile mountain valleys and a point of transit for long-distance trade. At a certain stage its small local states had been incorporated in a larger kingdom, which had grown weak when trade declined in the early Christian era but revived later. Yemen had its own language, different from Arabic which was spoken elsewhere in. Arabia, and its own religion: a multiplicity of gods were served by priests in temples which were places of pilgrimage, votive offerings and private, but not communal prayer, and also centers of great estates. In later centuries Christian and Jewish influences had come down from Syria on the trade-routes or across the sea from Ethiopia. In the sixth century, a center of Christianity had been destroyed by a king attracted to Judaism, but invasions from Ethiopia had restored some Christian influence; both the Byzantines and the Sasanians had been involved in these events.. Between the great empires of the north and the kingdoms of the. Red Sea lay lands of a different kind. The greater part of the Arabian peninsula was steppe or desert, with isolated oases having enough water for regular cultivation. The inhabitants spoke various dialects of Arabic and followed different ways of life. Some of them were nomads who pastured camels, sheep or goats by using the scanty water resources of the desert; these have traditionally been known as 'Beduin'. Some were settled cultivators tending their grain or palm trees in the oases, or traders and craftsmen in small market towns; some combined more than one way of life. The balance between nomadic and sedentary peoples was precarious.. Although they were in the minority, it was the camel-nomads, mobile and carrying arms, who, together with merchant groups in the towns, dominated the cultivators and craftsmen. Their ethos of courage, hospitality, loyalty to family and pride of ancestry was also dominant.. They were not controlled by a stable power of coercion, but were led by chiefs belonging to families around which there gathered lasting groups of supporters, expressing their cohesion and loyalty in the idiom of common ancestry; such groups are usually called tribes. 27

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. The power of tribal leaders was exercised from oases, where they had close links with merchants who organized trade through the territory controlled by the tribe. In the oases, however, other families were able to establish a different kind of power through the force of religion. The religion of pastoralists and cultivators seems to have had no clear shape.. Local gods, identified with objects in the sky, were thought to be embodied in stones, trees and other natural things; good and evil spirits were believed to roam the world in the shape of animals; soothsayers claimed to speak with the tongue of some supernatural wisdom. It has been suggested, on the basis of modern practice in southern Arabia, that gods were thought of as dwelling in a sanctuary, a haram, a place or town set apart from tribal conflict, serving as a center of pilgrimage, sacrifice, meeting and arbitration, and watched over by a family under the protection of a neighboring tribe. Such a family could obtain power or influence by making skillful use of its religious prestige, its role as arbiter of tribal disputes, and its opportunities for trade.. Throughout this Near Eastern world, much was changing in the sixth and early seventh centuries. The Byzantine and Sasanian Empires were engaged in long wars, which lasted with intervals from 540 to 629.. They were mainly fought in Syria and Iraq; for a moment the Sasanian armies came as far as the Mediterranean, occupying the great cities of. Antioch and Alexandria as well as the holy city of Jerusalem, but in the 620s they were driven back by the Emperor Heraclius. For a time too. Sasanian rule extended to south-western Arabia, where the kingdom of. Yemen had lost much of its former power because of invasions from. Ethiopia and a decline in agriculture. The settled societies ruled by the empires were very curious about the meaning of life and the way it should be lived, expressed in the idioms of the great religions.. The power and influence of the empires reached parts of the. Arabian peninsula, and for many centuries Arab pastoral nomads from the north and center of the peninsula had been moving into the countryside of the area now often called the Fertile Crescent: the interior of Syria, the land lying west of the Euphrates in lower Iraq, and the region between. Euphrates and Tigris in upper Iraq (the Jazira) were largely Arab in population. They brought with them their ethos and forms of social 28

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa organization. Some of their tribal chiefs exercised leadership from oasis towns and were used by the imperial governments to keep other nomads away from the lands and to collect taxes. They were able therefore to create more stable political units, like that of the Lakhmids with its capital at Hira, in a region where the Sasanians did not exercise direct control, and that of the Ghassānids in a similar region of the Byzantine Empire. The people of these states acquired political and military knowledge, and were open to ideas and beliefs coming from the imperial lands; Hira was a. Christian center. From these states, from Yemen, and also by the passage of traders along the trade routes, there came into Arabia some knowledge of the outside world and its culture, and some settlers from it. There were. Jewish craftsmen, merchants and cultivators in the oases of Hijāz in western Arabia, and Christian monks and converts in central Arabia. (A History of Arab Peoples, Albert Hourani, The Belknap Press of Harvard. University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1991). Europe was still largely pagan, devoted to the worship of Nordic,. Teuton, and a host of other gods. In South Asia, Brahmanism and. Buddhism had long passed their prime and had entered upon a placid and prolonged old age.. In the Far East, the homely philosophy of Confucius and the "way" of Lao-Tze pursued a sluggish and somnolent course. They had earlier been stirred by the advent of Buddhism into China, but had fallen back into passivity, along with Buddhism. Chinese scholars, feeling that a period of decline and decay had set in made sporadic efforts at revival.. The two great empires of Iran and Byzantium were interlocked in a struggle which ultimately resulted in death for both. The sudden end of one and the slow expiration of the other followed in due course, though the final blows in each case proceeded from a quarter entirely unexpected.. Religion, philosophy, and learning were at a low ebb. The spirit, the mind, and the intellect languished. Mankind had entered upon a decline. The earth seemed to be dying. It was the darkest period of the. Dark Ages. There was only an occasional glimmer of light here and there. 29

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. As the Holy Qur'ān says: sa ظَهَرَ الْفَسَادُ فِي الْبَرِّ وَ الْبَحْرِ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِي النَّاسِ zaharal fasādu fil barri wal baḥri bima kasabat aidinnāsi. Corruption has appeared on land and sea because of what men's hands have wrought. (30:42) (The Excellent Exemplar - Muḥammad, Chaudhri Muḥammad Zafrulla Khan). Arabian Peninsula Before Islām. Arabia is like an island which is surrounded by water on its three sides and land on the fourth side. Towards its West is the Red Sea, towards. East is the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, towards its South is Indian Ocean and towards the North there are Syria and Iraq. In area it is larger than all the other similar islands. According to some scholars the land is called. Arabia because of the language spoken throughout this area which is. Arabic. Other scholars think that since it was uninhabited desert land and the word 'Arab' means a desert, the place came to be known as Arabia.. However, there was a time when the Arabian peninsula was lush green and densely populated. With the passage of time the area dried up and there was not enough water to support the inhabitants of the area. Therefore, groups of people started to migrate to areas where vegetation was plentiful. The migration started around 4,500 BC when some people migrated to Egypt.. Then, some people migrated in 4,000 BC to the area now called Iraq where they lived under Akkadian rule for some time. Later on they established the kingdom of Babylon. Then another group of people migrated there and came to be known as Assyrians. The people who migrated around 2,000. BC were the people who wrote phonetically and were named Phoenicians by the Greeks. Around the same time the Aramites settled near Babylon and established Chaldean civilization. Some immigrants settled in. Abyssinia and established the Abyssinan kingdom. 30

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. The Arabian peninsula can be divided into two parts, North and. South, which are separated by a vast desert. The Arabs living in the. Southern area traded with Syria, Iraq and Egypt. Aound 1,200 BC they established the first South Arabian kingdom known as the kingdom of. Mainians. They controlled the trade routes. Mainians were succeeded by the Sabean kingdom. The Sabean kingdom, after achieving great riches from trade, went to ruins. Due to neglect in maintenance one of the large dams, the Dam of Ma'rib, was broken and it flooded and damaged the land to the extent that vegetation was not possible there anymore. Thus, the circumstances forced them to migrate. Some of them migrated in the vicinity of Medina while others migrated close to the borders of Syria and. Iraq and settled there. These people were idol worshippers. Some of them worshipped the Sun, the Moon and the stars. During the first century AD some in the area became Jews and Christians and there was a struggle among the Christians and the Jews for control of the power. When the. Abyssinians overran the kingdom of Yemen, the king of Yemen asked for support from the king of Persia against his enemies. Thus, Yemen became a protectorate of Persia and was governed through the viceroy of the king of Persia.. Mecca, the Birthplace of the Holy Prophetsa as as as. Mecca stood about eighty kilometers from the coast. It was surrounded by mountains and had narrow passes for entry to the valley.. There was no water in the area so there was very little life, if any. It is the place where Hadrat Ibrāhīm" left Ḥadrat Hajirah and their son Ḥadrat. Ismail under Divine Commandment. When water gushed out under the feet of Ḥadrat Ismāīl under Divine intuition, Ḥaḍrat Hājirah saved the water by encircling the fountain with stones. She gave water to the passing tribes. Thus, soon some tribes settled there, and a town developed around the spring. Banu Jurhum was the first tribe to settle there. Hadrat Ismail* married the daughter of the chief of the Jurhum tribe, Muḍād ibn 'Amr.. Twelve sons were born to Hadrat Ismail from this marriage. These were as 31

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa as as the ancestors of the twelve tribes of Northern Arabs. Here, Hadrat Ibrāhīm under Divine Commandment built the Ka'bah, the first house for the worship of Allāh with the help of Hadrat Ismail". With the passage of time the residents of Mecca forgot the teachings of Ḥadrat Ibrāhīm” and Ḥaḍrat. Ismail and adopted idol-worshipping to such an extent that at the time of the birth of the Holy Prophet" there were 360 idols in the Ka'bah, one idol for each day of the year. 8.8 sa. Despite the fact that Yemen was the most advanced and most civilized part of the Arabian Peninsula due to its water resources and fertile land, it did not achieve the reputation achieved by Mecca. This was because Yemen never had a single center of pilgrimage as did Mecca in its. Ka'bah. The Ka'bah was the pilgrimage center right from the beginning of the Arab history. Arabs sought to travel to it and its holy months were the source of joy and celebration for them. sa sa. The Holy Prophet was born on April 20, 571 AD (9 or 12 Rabi'ul. Awwal, 52 BH) in Mecca. Mecca, where the Holy Prophet was born and lived part of his life is at present in Saudi Arabia which is part of Arabian peninsula. Arabia is still mostly desert with mountains found throughout the country. However, part of the country has rich soil and is green.. Besides oil, there are silver and gold mines in abundance in the country. Its climate is hot and dry. There is little rainfall during the year. In summer it is very hot during the day time but the nights are quite cold. During winter it is a bit cold. Its main agricultural product is the date-palm of several different kinds. Date-palm used to be the major part of the diet of the. Arabs. Where water is available there are date-palm gardens. During the rainy season there is a lot of rainfall in Ta'if. Therefore, Ta'if is famous for its gardens. Furthermore, due to the availability of plenty of agricultural land and grassy land Ța'if was used for raising animal herds and for growing agriculture products. The people of Arabia belonged to different tribes and each tribe had its own area assigned to them for grazing of their animals. 32. According to the traditions, at the time of the birth of the Holy

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. S&. Prophet, Arabs were primitive culturally and in their living style. People used to go out in the fields or to remote uninhabited areas to relieve themselves. Fighting among the people and the tribes over minor matters was common. Most people were idolators. The sanctuary, Ka'bah, was filled with idols placed there for worship. The largest idol named Hubal stood in the center of the Ka'bah.. Each tribe had its own leader. Their living style was very simple.. Some people lived in cities while the others were nomadic. The Bedouin did not live in one place; they constantly moved to places wherever they would find water and greenery. Two coins, 'Dirham and Auqiyya' were used as currency in those days. One Auqiyya was equivalent to forty. Dirhams. For measuring purposes two units, Madd and Sa' were used.. Most of the inhabitants were traders. Fairs were held at different locations which were attended by people coming to trade from far away areas. The majority of the people were illiterate. Only a few people could read and write. Idolatry was prevalent throughout Arabia. It is stated that the Ka'bah contained as many as three hundred and sixty idols. Other towns had their own major and minor gods and goddesses. It was an age of ignorance (ayyamul jahiliyyah) during which, generally speaking moral rectitude and the spiritual code had long been forgotten. Superstitious rites and dogmas had replaced the tenets of the Divine religion. Only a few Quraishites (the ancestors of the Holy Prophet and a handful of others) remained followers of the religion of Ibrāhīm", but they were an exception and were not able to exert any influence on others who were deeply submerged in pagan rites and beliefs. There were those who did not believe in God at all and thought that life was just a natural phenomenon. Some believed in God but not in the Day of Resurrection or reward and punishment. as sa. It was customary to offer human sacrifices to the idols. Drinking, gambling and fornication were prevalent throughout the area. Marriage with two sisters was permissible and common. Similarly, upon on the death of his father, a man could marry the wife of his father who was his step-mother. There was no limit on the number of women one could marry.. When girls were born, they often were buried alive. Women and slaves were treated cruelly. Fighting among the tribes over trivial issues was 33

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa commonplace. Slavery was a familiar and widespread institution. In short, it was a period of extreme darkness. At that time, this darkness engulfed not only Arabia, but rather the whole world.. Prophethood in Hadrat Nüh'sas (Noah) Progeny sa. About the prophethood of the Holy Prophet" the following is stated in the Holy Qur'ān; وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوْحًا وَ إِبْرهِيْمَ وَ جَعَلْنَا فِي ذُرِّيَّتِهِمَا النُّبُوَّةَ وَالْكِتب walaqad arsalnā nūḥañwwa ibrāhīma wa ja‘alnā fi dhurriyyatihi mannubuwwata walkitaba. And We did send Noah and Abraham, and We placed among thir seed prophethood and the Book. (57:27). Hadrat Ibrāhīmas and Hadrat Ismā'īlas sa as as as as. Hadrat Ibrahim was from the progeny of Hadrat Noah and the. Holy Prophet was from the progeny of Hadrat Ibrahim. Hadrat Ibrāhīm was originally from Iraq. Then, after living for sometime in Egypt, he settled in southern Palestine. Hadrat Ibrāhīm" married thrice. His first wife was Hadrat Sārah, the second wife was Hadrat Hājirah, and the third wife was Qaturah. Hadrat Sārah was from the family of Hadrat Ibrahim while. Hadrat Hajirah, an Egyptian, was from outside the family of Hadrat. Ibrāhīm". Hadrat Isma'il" was born to Hadrat Hajirah while Hadrat Ishaq was born to Hadrat Sārah. as as 34

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa as 83 as as. Hadrat Isma'il, the eldest son of Ḥaḍrat Ibrāhīm", was a small child when Haḍrat Ibrāhīm according to Allāh's design took Ḥaḍrat. Isma'il and Hadrat Hājirah with him and left them at a place where there was neither water nor any vegetation. As Haḍrat Ibrāhīm" was leaving them, Hadrat Hājirah followed him and asked him why he was leaving them alone in such a desolate place. Ḥadrat Ibrāhīm did not respond and kept walking. Then, Ḥaḍrat Hājirah told him to say something and asked him whether God Almighty had told him to do so. Ḥaḍrat Ibrāhīm replied in the affirmative and kept walking. Then, Haḍrat Häjirah told him that he may leave as God Almighty would certainly take care of them and would not let them go to waste. Ḥadrat Ibrahim" prayed for them and begged God. Almighty: as رَبَّنَا إِنِّي أَسْكَنْتُ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي بِوَادٍ غَيْرِ ذِي زَرْعٍ عِنْدَ بَيْتِكَ الْمُحَرَّمِ رَبَّنَا لِيُقِيْمُوا الصَّلوةَ فَاجْعَلْ أَفْئِدَةً مِّنَ النَّاسِ تَهْوِي إِلَيْهِمْ وَارْزُقْهُمْ مِّنَ الثَّمَرتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَشْكُرُونَ 0 ا rabbana rabbanā innī askantu min dhurriyyatı biwadin ghairi dhi zarʻin 'inda baitikal muḥarrami liyuqimussalata faj‘al af'idatamminannasi tahwi ilaihim warzuqhumminaththamarāti la'allahum yashkurūn. Our Lord, I have settled some of my children in an uncultivable valley near Thy. Sacred House -- our Lord -- that they may observe Prayer. So make men's hearts incline towards them and provide them with fruits, that they may be thankful. (14:38) as. When the water and food supply which Hadrat Ibrāhīm had given 35

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa as to Hadrat Hājirah and Hadrat Isma'il were depleted, Ḥadrat Ismā'il, a small child at that time, became extremely thirsty, started to toss around and restlessly kick his feet on the sandy ground. Haḍrat Hajirah, seeing the suffering of her child, started to run in search of water back and forth between the two hills known as Safa and Marwah. Sometimes she would run up to the Safa hill and other times she would run up to the Marwah mountain. In this way she completed seven circuits of the two hills while crying and praying to God Almighty for help. Suddenly, she heard a voice saying, "O Hājirah, God Almighty has listened to you and your child's cries for help." When Haḍrat Hājirah looked towards her son, she was overjoyed to see that water was gushing out of the place where her son was rubbing his feet. Hadrat Hajirah put sand and stones around the spring to contain the water. God Almighty made the race of Hadrat Hājirah between the two hills as part of the Hajj forever. This is known as 'Sa 7 i.e., running between Safa and Marwah. This spring is famous as the 'Zamzam Well'.. When Banu Jurhum came to know about the water they asked Ḥadrat. Hajirah for permission to settle close to the spring, which she happily granted. When Hadrat Isma'il" became a young man he married the daughter of the chief of Banu Jurhum. as. The site of the well was later forgotten for a time, for it had been filled up with stones and a treasure trove by the Jurhumites who inhabited. Mecca before the Quraish. Its site was rediscovered by the grandfather of the Holy Prophet", 'Abdul Muttalib. To drink the water of Zamzam is a rite of both the lesser and the greater pilgrimages. Today the well is not open at the surface; instead the water is led off to underground galleries reached by a flight of stairs where numerous faucets supply the water to scores of people at a time. The water supply is extremely copious, enough for thousands of people daily. The water is carried by pilgrims to all parts of the world as blessed water.. In the Holy Qur'an performing the circuits in the memory of Ḥadrat. Hajirah's desperate running between the two hills is described: 36

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa اِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ ، فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ فَلاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُطَوَّفَ بِهِمَاء وَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَاكِرٌ عَلِيْم 0 innassafa wal marwata min sha‘a'irillahi faman hajjal baita awi‘tamara fala junāḥa ‘alaihi añyyaṭawwafa bihima wa man tatawwa'a khairan fa innallaha shākirun ‘alım. Surely, Al-Safa and Al-Marwah are among the Signs of Allah. It is, therefore, no sin for him who is on pilgrimage to the House, or performs 'Umra, to go round the two. And whoso does good beyond what is obligatory, surely then, Allāh is. Appreciating, All-Knowing. (2:159) as as as as as. After leaving Hadrat Hajirah and Hadrat Ismä'il" at the barren valley of Bakkah, Hadrat Ibrāhīm occasionally visited his wife and child.. When Hadrat Ismail grew and became a young boy, Hadrat Ibrahim saw in a dream that he was sacrificing Ismā'il. Since it was not yet revealed to. Hadrat Ibrahim that sacrifice of humans is not permissible and it was a custom at that time to sacrifice human beings, Ḥadrat Ibrāhīm" wanted to fulfill his dream literally. Thus, to fulfill his dream Hadrat Ibrāhīm decided to slaughter Hadrat Ismā'il". Accordingly, Ḥaḍrat Ibrāhīm mentioned to Hadrat Ismā'īl his dream and his desire to fulfill the dream literally. as 88. This incident is mentioned in the Holy Qur'an as: as as as فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ مَعَهُ السَّعْيَ قَالَ يُبُنَيَّ إِنِّي أرى فِي الْمَنَامِ أَنِّي أَذْبَحُكَ فَانْظُرْ مَا ذَا تَرى قَالَ يَابَتِ افْعَلْ مَا تُؤْمَرُ : سَتَجِدُنِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ ، ز 37

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa من الصبرين 0 falammā balagha maʻahussa‘ya qala ya bunayya innī arā filmanāmi anni adhbaḥuka fanzur ma dhā tara qala ya abatif al ma tu'maru satajidunī inshā Allahu minaṣṣābirin. And when he was old enough to work with him, he said, 'O my dear son, I have seen in a dream that I am slaughtering you. So consider, what you think of it!' He replied, 'O my father, do as you are commanded; you will find me, if Allah please, of those who are patient.' (37:103) as as. Hadrat Ibrahim took Hadrat Isma'il outside, away from his residence, and was about to slaughter him after making him lie down when. God Almighty told Ḥadrat Ibrāhīm" to slaughter a sheep instead of Ḥadrat. Ismā'ils. as as. It is mentioned in the Holy Qur'an as: ช فَلَمَّا أَسْلَمَا وَ تَلَّهُ لِلْجَبِيْنِ ، وَ نَادَيْنَهُ أَنْ يَا إِبْرَهِيْمُ : قَدْ صَدَقْتَ أَ الدُّنْيَا إِنَّا كَذَلِكَ نَجْزِى الْمُحْسِنِيْنَ 0 إِنَّ هَذَا لَهُوَ الْبَلْوُا الْمُبِينُ وَفَدَيْنَهُ بِذِبْحٍ عَظِيْمٍ 0 falammā aslamā wa tallahū liljabīni wa nādaināhu añyya ibrāhīmu qad sadaqtarru'ya innā kadhalika najzil muhsinina inna hadha la huwal bala'ul mubīnu wa fadaināhu bi dhibhin ‘azim. And when they both submitted to the will of God and he laid him on the ground face down, We called to him: 'O Abraham, You have indeed fulfilled the dream.'. Thus indeed do We reward those who do good. That surely was a manifest trial. 38

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. And We ransomed him with a great sacrifice. (37:104-108) as. Thus, Hadrat Ibrāhīm did as commanded by Allāh. This is the sacrifice which is commemorated by the Muslims every year all over the world by slaughtering different animals such as goats, sheep, cows and camels at the occasion of Idul Adhiyya. as. Idul Adhiyya is celebrated on the 10th of the month of Dhul Hijjah to commemorate the obedience of Ḥaḍrat Ibrāhīm" and his son Ḥaḍrat. Ismail . as as as as. Hadrat Ibrahim" visited Mecca when Hadrat Hājirah had passed away and Hadrat Ismail had bcome a young man. At this occasion, both. Hadrat Ibrāhīm" and Hadrat Ismā'ils under Divine Commandment rebuilt the Ka'bah by raising the walls at the original foundation site of the building so that people could come there to perform the rites of Hajj. as as as. Hadrat Ibrāhīm raised it from ruins that he discovered under. Divine guidance. He was commissioned by God to rebuild it with the help of his son Hadrat Isma'il". It is the same place where he had left his wife. Hadrat Hajirah and infant son Ismā'il, again under Divine instructions. But work on the House of God awaited attention until Hadrat Ismā'il grew an age where he could be of some help. So, both of them worked together to rebuild the house and to restart the institution of pilgrimage. In the Holy. Qur'an God Almighty says about the Ka'bah: as to وَ إِذْ جَعَلْنَا الْبَيْتَ مَثَابَةُ لِلنَّاسِ وَامْنَا ، وَاتَّخِذُوا مِنْ مَّقَامِ إِبْرُهم ط مُصَلَّى ، وَعَهِدْنَا إِلَى إِبْرَهِم وَ اِسْمُعِيْلَ أَنْ طَهِّرَا بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّابِفِيْنَ ط وَالْغَكِفِيْنَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُوْدِ 0 39

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa wa idh ja‘alnal baita mathābatallinnāsi wa amna wattakhidhū mimmaqāmi ibrāhīma muṣalla wa ‘ahidnā iſa ibrāhīma wa ismāʻila an tahhira baitiya litta'ifina wal ‘akifina warrukka ‘issujud. And remember the time when We made the House a resort for mankind and a place of security; and take ye the station of Abraham as a place of Prayer. And We commanded Abraham and Ishmael, saying, 'Purify My House for those who perform the circuit and those who remain therein for devotion and those who bow down and fall prostrate in Prayer:'(2:126). While raising the walls of the Ka'bah from the ruins Hadrat. Ibrāhīm prayed to God for the raising of a Messenger among his progeny: as رَبَّنَا وَاجْعَلْنَا مُسْلِمَيْنِ لَكَ وَ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِنَا أُمَّةً مُسْلِمَةً لَّكَ rabbana wajʻalnā muslimaini laka wa min dhurriyyatinā ummtammuslima tallaka. Our Lord, make us submissive to You and make of our offspring a people submissive to You. (2:129) رَبَّنَا وَابْعَثْ فِيهِمْ رَسُوْلاً مِّنْهُمْ يَتْلُوْا عَلَيْهِم أَيْتِكَ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتب وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَيُزَكِّيْهِم rabbana wab'ath fihim rasulamminhum yatlu 'alaihim āyātika wa yu'allimuhumul kitaba wal hikmata wa yuzakkihim. And, Our Lord, raise up among us a Messenger from among themselves, who may recite to them Thy Signs and teach them the Book and Wisdom and may purify them. (2:130) 40 as. With the passing of time the progeny of Ḥaḍrat Ibrāhīm and

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa as sa. Hadrat Isma'il had spread throughout the Arabia. They were divided in different tribes. The Quraish to which the Holy Prophet belonged is one of the branches of the ‘Adnan tribes. At the time of the birth of the Holy. Prophet the Quraish had been divided into several sub-tribes. sa sa. Wäthilah ibn al-Asqa' narrated that the Holy Prophet said: "Verily. Allāh chose Isma'il from the offspring of Ibrāhīm, and from the progeny of. Ismail, He chose Banu Kinanah. From Banu Kinanah, He chose the. Quraish, and from the Quraish, He chose Banu Hashim, and chose me from. Banu Hashim." (Jami' Tirmidhi, Vol. 2, p. 608, Hadith # 3625)) sa. The principle that the Prophet Muhammad" testifies to the truth of all previous revelations, furnishes a strong foundation for harmony among the various religions of the world, as well as for the unity of the human race. The fact that all of the foregoing Prophets testify to the truth of. Prophet Muhammad" constitutes yet a stronger testimony to the truth of. Islam and the unity of religions. The Prophets who lived thousands of years ago, and in countries distant from Arabia, all foretold the advent of the mighty Prophet of Islām. In fact, those very Prophets might well have impelled both Jews and Christians to settle down in Arabia; for the land of the Promised Prophet was specified by name in their Scriptures. (Muhammad" in the Bible, Khalil A. Nasir, Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam, USA) 41

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. The Holy Prophets of Islām. Birth and Childhood sa 2. The Holy Prophet, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa", was born in. Mecca on April 20, 571 AD (9 or 12 Rabi ul Awwal, 52 BH) in the. Hashimite branch of the tribe of Quraish. His father's name was ‘Abdullāh and his mother's name Āminah. His grandfather, 'Abdul Muttalib, was the chief of Mecca at the time of Abraha's invasion. ‘Abdullah, who was the youngest son of 'Abdul Muttalib was a very pious man. He was a healthy young man and used to write poems which were liked very much. He believed in One God and was not an idol worshipper which was the common practice in those days. 'Abdul Muttalib was healthy and rich, and respected by his tribe.. However, he was sad and worried because he had only one son to help him in carrying on the honorable duty of providing water to the people who visited Ka'bah every year. He, therefore, made a nadhr (vow) that should he be given ten sons and all of them reach manhood, he would sacrifice one of them to God near Ka'bah. His prayer was granted, and Allāh gave him eleven sons. When his sons reached manhood, 'Abdul Muttalib decided to sacrifice one of them to fulfill his vow (nadhr). It was difficult for him to decide which one to sacrifice as all were dear to him. He decided to draw lots. The lot was drawn and 'Abdullah's name came out. 'Abdullah was the dearest to him, but he did not flinch from the decision of the fate. He took 'Abdullah's hands and started towards the place where sacrifices were offered. His daughters started crying and begged him to 42

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sacrifice ten camels in place of ‘Abdullah. In fact, the whole Quraish insisted that 'Abdullāh be spared. At first 'Abdul Muttalib refused. But when the pressure of the whole family and the whole tribe mounted, he agreed to cast a lot between 'Abdullāh and ten camels. Again the name of ‘Abdullah came out. On the suggestion of the people, the number of the camels was increased to twenty, again, the same result. Repeatedly, the number was increased to thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty and ninety. But the result was always the same. At last the lot was cast between 100 camels and 'Abdullāh. Now the lot came out for the camels. The family was jubilant, but ‘Abdul Muttalib was not satisfied. He said: "Ten times the name of ‘Abdullah has come out. It is not fair to ignore those lots just for one lot." Three times more, he repeated the lot between 'Abdullāh and 100 camels, and every time the lot came out for the camels. Then 'Abdul Muttalib sacrificed 100 camels and the life of ‘Abdullāh was saved. (Ibn Sa'd's Al-Tabaqat Al-Kabir, Vol. 1, p. 93) 'Abdullah married a very honorable Quraish woman, Ḥaḍrat. Aminah bint Wahb bin 'Abd Manāf bin Zuhra bin Qusayy. Her mother's name was Barah bint ‘Abdul ‘Uzza. ‘Abdullāh was twenty-five years old when he married Hadrat Aminah who was about twenty years old. After marriage they lived in the Zaqaqul Muwallad ward of Mecca. 'Abdullāh along with his father used to do business by making trade trips to neighboring areas. Shortly after his marriage, his father asked him to accompany him on a business trip to Syria to which he agreed. So before leaving for the trip he said farewell to his wife and this was the last time. Hadrat Āminah saw her husband. On the way back from Syria, ‘Abdullāh became ill. His maternal grandfather's family was living in Yathrib, so he stayed with them for a month for treatment. However, he died there a few months before Muḥammad, the Holy Prophet of Islam" was born. The. Holy Prophet was born in the Suqul Lail ward of Mecca. sa. Sa sa (Childhood of Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa, Urdu, Amatul Bari Nașir, p. 8,. Lajna Imāillah, Karachi, Pakistan) 43

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa. The Holy Prophet's mother, Hadrat Āminah had seen a vision before his birth. In this vision, an angel proposed to her the name. Muhammad for her child, which literally means, the most praised one. As. Hadrat Aminah was pregnant with him she saw a light come forth from her by which she could see the castles of Buṣrä in Syria. The Holy Prophet brought light from the heaven and himself was the light.. SA Ꭶ.. sa (The Life of Muḥammad, Translation of Ibn Ishaq's Sırat Rasulullah, A. Guilmore, p. 69, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, Printed in Pakistan, 2004). He was a beautiful child with a bright broad face. His forehead and nose were elevated, eyes were black and bright with long eyebrows. He had a large head covered with black hair. His beauty was a reflection of the beauty of God Almighty. The Holy Prophet" used to say: اَوَّلُ مَا خَلَقَ اللهُ تُفْرِى awwalu mā khalaqallahu nūrī. The first thing God Almighty created was my light. (Al-Qastalani in Al-Mawahib Al-Ladunniyya, Vol. 1, pp, 5, 9, 10; Zurqānī, Sharḥ. Mawahib al-Ladunniyya, Vol. 1, p. 33). His mother had seen a vision that the child was holding the keys to success, God's help and triumph.. In those days, it was a custom that the newborn children were sent to the tribes living in the Arabian desert to cultivate them, so that the open fresh air would make them healthy and strong, and also so that they would learn good Arabic language and oratory. Furthermore, they may learn the traits of hardwork and bravery from the Bedouin tribes. The tribes' women used to receive renumeration for taking care of the children. The year the. Holy Prophet was born, ten women came to Mecca to take children with them for nursing. Often, these women looked for children from rich 44 sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa sa families to carry with them so that they could get more money for services.. However, the Holy Prophet was an orphan. Therefore, most of the women picked children from rich families to carry with them and did not pay attention to the Holy Prophet's" family. Only one woman was left who could not find a child from a rich family for grooming. Her name was. Halimah and she belonged to the tribe of Banu Sa'd. She thought it better to take a child from a poor family than not to take a child at all. So she came to Hadrat Aminah and requested her to give her the child to carry with her for grooming. The Holy Prophet was one month old at that time. Ḥaḍrat Āminah gave the child to Ḥalimah and prayed, "I give my child in the protection of God Almighty from the evil which develops in the mountains till I see him riding a camel, and that he treats others well and helps the poor and slaves." sa sa Ꮥ . sa (Rahmatullil 'Alamin, Vol. 2, p. 103, Sayyed Salman Mansürpūrī) sa. Halimah was a poor lady and at the time she took the Holy. Prophet in her care there was a drought causing a shortage of food for animals and humans. Due to the lack of food her milk also had dried up and her son, 'Abdullāh was often hungry. However, when carrying the. Holy Prophet upon her return home, she realized that there was an unusual increase in her milk to the extent that both her own son, ‘Abdullah, and the Holy Prophet sucked the milk till they were full and still there was milk. Then she observed that her emaciated donkey suddenly gained such strength that it started to run fast and left all the others behind. Similarly, her goats started to produce much more milk than before. Halimah's daughter, Shīmā loved the Holy Prophet" and used to carry him in her lap most of the time. The Holy Prophet" started to talk in the language of the Banu Sa'd tribe of Hawazin which he learned from sa sa sa. Halimah and Shīmā. The Holy Prophet used to say, "I am the most eloquent Prophet because I belong to a Quraish family and I speak the language of Banu Sa'd." (Ibn Sa'd's Al-Tabaqat Al-Kabir, Vol. 1, p. 71) 45

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa. After raising the Holy Prophet for two years, Halimah brought him to Mecca to return him to his mother. She loved him very much and desired to keep him longer. So, she requested Ḥadrat Aminah to let him stay with her for a little longer. It happened so that in those days there was an epidemic in Mecca. So she had a good excuse to carry the child back with her. She told Hadrat Aminah that the child would get sick in Mecca so he should live with her a little longer. Hadrat Aminah concerned about the health of the child despite her earnest desire to keep the child with her agreed to Ḥalimah's request. Thus Ḥalimah took back the Holy Prophet™ sa sa with her. Halimah had four children. The Holy Prophet" played with them and took care of the herd of goats along with them. He was a very brave child. Once, it so happened that he along with some other children took out the goats for grazing, some dacoits came and rounded up their goats to take with them. Though the Holy Prophet" was only a child he stood with his arms spread in front of the dacoits and told them that he would not let them take the goats. The dacoits were astonished to see him standing like that in their way while usually people were frightened of them and ran away. The chief dacoit became furious and went to the Holy Prophet. Somehow he was impressed and realized he was not an ordinary child who is so bravely standing in their way. He asked the Holy Prophet" what his name was? He said, "Muḥammad. 'Who is your father?' He replied, "Abdul Muttalib.'. The chief of the dacoits understood that only a child belonging to the. Quraish could be that brave. He let the herd go and left along with his comrades. sa sa ↑ ". Another very interesting incident took place during his stay in the desert with Halīmah. One day, when he was about four years old, he and his foster brother, ‘Abdullah were tending goats not far from their house when strangers clad in white clothes appeared. They held in their hands a tray full of ice. They made the Holy Prophet lie down on the ground and dissected his chest. When 'Abdullah saw this he was so scared that he ran away to his parents and told them that someone had killed Muhammad.. Halimah and Harith ran towards the place where Muḥammad was supposed to be. They did not see anyone besides Muhammad who was 46

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa terrified and pale due to fear. They comforted him and asked him what had happened. He told them that two men wearing white clothes came and had a golden tray filled with ice. "They were looking for something after opening my chest. They took out my heart, made a cut in it, took out a black piece and threw it out. Then they washed my heart and chest with the ice till they became clean and pure." sa. Halimah and Harith looked around for the strangers. However, they did not find anyone or any part of the body. They thanked God Almighty that Muḥammad was safe. Ḥalimah became worried about his safety and decided to return him to his mother soon. This incident is known as. Shaqq-e-Sadr (i.e., the incident of cutting of the chest). It was a sort of a vision. It was the angels who had cleansed the chest of the Holy Prophet. 38 sa (As-Sıratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Vol. 1, p. 90; Sirah Ibne Hisham,. Biography of the Prophet, Abridged by 'Abdus Salam Harūn, pp. 23-24,. Al-Falah Foundation, Cairo, Egypt; Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Iman, Bab al-Isra'i bi rasulillahi ilassamawati wa fardissalawati). S& sa. When Halimah brought the Holy Prophet" to Mecca to return him to his mother he became separated from Halimah and was lost. Halimah searched feverishly but could not find him. She went to 'Abdul Muttalib and told him that she had lost Muḥammad and could not find him. 'Abdul. Muttalib went to the Ka'bah and prayed for his grandson. While he was praying a man from the Quraish, Waraqah bin Naufal, brought the child to 'Abdul Muttalib. He thanked God and took him to Āminah. (As-Sıratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Vol. 1, p. 113) sa. It was in the sixth year of his life that Prophet Muhammad was returned to the care of his mother. She along with her servant, Umm. Aiman, took him to Yathrib to meet other relatives and pray at the grave of her husband. On the way back from Yathrib his mother fell ill and died.. When she realized that she would not survive she prayed for her son, "Ο 47

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa my dear son! May God bless you. I am certain that God Almighty who is the most Glorious and most Honored will appoint you towards His servants." (Al-Mawāhib Al-Ladunniyya, Vol. 1, pp. 307-309; Zurqani, Sharḥ Mawāhib al-Ladunniyya, pp. 308-312, Published by Darul Kutab al-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut,. Lebanon). Hadrat Aminah passed away at a place called Abwä' and her grave is on a small hill in Abwa'. (Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal, Vol. 5, p. 355). Umm Aiman brought back to Mecca the child, who now at a very young age had neither a father nor mother. She brought him to his grandfather, 'Abdul Muttalib. Prophet Muhammad's grandfather, 'Abdul. Muttalib, was very fond of him and took him under his own care. sa 'Abdul Muttalib had seen earlier in a dream a tree whose top reached the sky and whose branches were widespread to the East and the. West. The tree was much brighter than the sun. A group of the Quraish was hanging on the branches of the tree while another group came forward to cut the branches of the tree. However, a beautiful young man from the. Quraish whose body emitted a very pleasant smell dispelled the group which wanted to cut the branches. The dream was interpreted by the learned persons of the time that from his progeny that Prophet will appear whose appearance is mentioned in the earlier Holy Books. Imām. Jalāluddin Suyūtī™ writes that when the Holy Prophet" claimed to be the. Messenger of Allāh, Abū Ṭālib used to say that the holy tree his father had seen in a dream, by God, that tree is Muḥammad. rh sa sa (Khasa'işul Kubra, Vol. 1, p. 99). The guardianship of his grandfather lasted only two years and when the Prophet Muḥammad was eight years old, his grandfather also passed away at the age of 82 years (according to some traditions he was 100 years old when he passed away). On his deathbed, 'Abdul Muttalib 48

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa entrusted his grandson to the care of one of his sons, Abū Ṭālib. Thus, the. Prophet Muhammad" was orphaned at a very young age. God Almighty says in the Holy Qur'ān أَلَمْ يَجِدُكَ يَتِيْمًا فَأْوى 0 alam yajidka yafıman fa awa. Did He not find you an orphan and give you shelter? (93:7). Abū Talib loved him very much. 'Abdul Muttalib had several wives. He had two sons and two daughters from his wife, Fatimah bint 'Amr. The sons were 'Abdullah and Abū Ṭālib and the daughters were. Arwa and Umm Hakim who was born as the twin sister with ‘Abdullāh.. Abū Talib was older than 'Abdullah. sa sa sa. When Muḥammad" was 12 years old, he accompanied his uncle. Abū Ṭālib on a business trip to Syria. When they reached Buṣrā, a town in the southern Syria, they met a Christian religious scholar by the name of. Bahirah. When Baḥīrah saw the Holy Prophet" he noticed that a small cloud was always making shade over him to protect him from the heat of the sun. He also saw in a vision that trees and stones were prostrating to the. Holy Prophet. From these observations he became suspicious that the prophecy of the coming of the Promised Prophet which had been foretold seven generations ago may be fulfilled in this person. To observe the Holy. Prophet closely, Bahirah invited Abu Talib and his caravan to a dinner.. Abū Talib and his caravan had travelled to Syria several times before. This was the first time that the Christian priest had invited him to a dinner. All members of his caravan except Muḥammad went to Baḥīrah's house for dinner. Muhammad was left behind to look after the camels and to safeguard the merchandise. However, Bahirah insisted that Muḥammad come to the dinner. So Muḥammad also joined the rest of the caravan at sa sa sa sa sa 49

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa the dinner. At the dinner, Baḥīrah talked with Muḥammad" and asked him several questions. After hearing the answers to his questions, Baḥirah who had knowledge of the Bible was convinced that Muḥammad" would be a. Prophet when he grew up. He advised Abu Talib to look after his nephew with great care. Abū Ṭālib took his advice to heart and left Buṣrā with his caravan immediately to return to Mecca.. Joined Hilful Fudul Association During His. Youth. When Muḥammad" was 15 years old, a skirmish broke out between the Quraish and Hawazin tribes at the occasion of a fair known as, "'Ukaz Fair". Despite the fact that war was prohibited during Ḥajj, this war not only started during the Hajj season, it continued for four years but with intervals. This war is known as the Battle of Fijār. The duration of this senseless war made people think of ways to stop it. A meeting was called by Az-Zubair, an uncle of Muhammad". The concerned people gathered in the house of 'Abdullāh ibn Jud'ān, a wealthy resident of the town. In this meeting a society was formed to help the oppressed, the poor and the needy. The society was named, 'Hilful Fuḍul after the common name, 'Fadl of all its members. The members of this association took an oath to do the following: "They will help those who were oppressed and will restore them their rights as long as the last drop of water remained in the sea. And if they do not do so, they will compensate the victims out of their own belongings." sa. Sincerely concerned about the conditions of the poor and needy,. Muhammad became a member of this society. Talha bin 'Abdullāh narrated that the Holy Prophet said, "I witnessed in the house of 'Abdullah ibn Jud'an a covenant which I would not exchange for any 50 sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa number of fine camels: if I were invited to take part in it during Islām I should do so." (The Life of Muhammad", Translation of Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasulullah", A.. Guilmore, p. 57, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2004). As a Shepherd. While Muḥammad" was still a boy, he took care of someone's animals and moved around with a flock of sheep, goats and camels in a wide area of the Arabian desert. About his experience as a shepherd, he used to say, "Allāh sent no Prophet who was not a shepherd. Moses was a shepherd and David was also a shepherd, and I was a shepherd. I grazed goats of my family at Ajyād (a pasture of Mecca)." (Ibn Sa'd's Al-Ṭabaqat Al-Kabir, Translation by Moʻinul Haq, Kitab Bhavan,. New Delhi, India, Vol. 1, p. 141). Marriage with Hadrat Khadijah*a sa. The Holy Prophet, Muḥammad", grew into manhood exhibiting such sterling qualities of truthfulness, integrity, and piety that he became known throughout the land as the Truthful and the Trustworthy (Al-Sadiq and Al-Amin). On hearing of Muḥammad's" fame, a rich lady by the name of Khadijah", who was twice widowed, invited him to her house and requested him to take charge of her business. Muhammad" travelled to. Syria while in charge of Hadrat Khadijah's business. The expedition met with great success. Hadrat Khadijah", the daughter of Khuwailid bin Asad bin 'Abdul ‘Uzzā bin Quṣayy, was an intelligent and noble woman. She made a proposal of marriage to Muḥammad" which was accepted. At the time of his marriage, Muḥammad" was twenty-five years old while Ḥadrat ra 51

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa ra. Khadijah was forty. They had six children - two boys and four girls. Both sons, Qāsim and ‘Abdullah had passed away before his prophethood but the daughters, Zainab", Ruqayyah", Ummi Kulthūm and Fatimah" lived into Islām and embraced it. ra га (Sirah Ibne Hisham, Biography of the Prophet, Abridged by ‘Abdus Salam. Harūn, pp. 37-38, Al-Falaḥ Foundation, Cairo, Egypt). Rebuilding (Ka'bah) of the Sacred House of Allah. The Ka'bah had been damaged due to heavy rains and floods. It needed urgent repair. Four tribes of the Quraish divided the repair work among themselves. The walls were raised to the point where Hajr-e-Aswad was to be placed. The black stone was regarded as very sacred by the. Meccans. Thus, it was considered a matter of pride and honor for a tribe to place the Hajr-e-Aswad in the Ka'bah. Therefore, the right to place the. Hajr-e-Aswad in the Ka'bah became a bone of contention among the tribes who were involved in the reconstruction of the Ka'bah. To defuse the conflict and to avoid bloodshed, Abū Umayyah proposed that the first man who entered the gate of the Ka'bah the next morning suggest a solution to the dispute among the tribes. The next day, the first person to enter the gate of the Ka'bah was Muhammad". Everyone was pleased to know that and shouted, "He is Muḥammad, he is Al-Amin (the trustworthy)." So they asked Muḥammad" to decide the matter. sa. Muhammad said, "Give me a cloak." He spread the cloak on the ground and placed the Hajr-e-Aswad at the center of the cloak and said, "Let the elders of each clan hold on to one corner of the cloak and raise the cloak to the level where Hajr-e-Aswad is to be placed." When this was done, Muḥammad" picked up the stone and placed it in its place in the wall of the Ka'bah. In this way, he defused a serious disagreement among the tribes and a bloody civil war was avoided. 52

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. The Beginning of Islām. Worship of Allāh in Solitude 3. After his marriage with Hadrat Khadijah", the Holy Prophet" became very contemplative. He used to retire to a cave on Mount Hira' which was two miles north of Mecca, and spend his time in meditation and seclusion. He sometimes spent many nights in this cave and on one of these occasions he had an extraordinary experience.. Receiving the First Revelation га ra sa. Hadrat 'A'ishah™ states that at first, the Holy Prophet began to have true dreams. Every dream would prove true like the break of the dawn. Then he became fond of seclusion. He used to go in seclusion in the cave Hira' where he used to spend some nights in praying before returning to his family. He used to take some provisions with him. After exhausting the provisions, he would return to Khadijah" and take a similar supply of provisions. This continued till the Truth was revealed to him. He was in the cave when an angel came to him and asked him to read. He said that he could not read. Then the angel held him so tightly and pressed him so hard that he could not bear it any more. After releasing him, the angel again asked him to read. He again replied that he could not read. For a second time the angel held the Holy Prophet" so tightly and pressed him so hard 53

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Sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa that he could not bear it any more. After releasing him, the angel again sa asked him to read. The Holy Prophet again replied that he could not read.. For a third time the angel held the Holy Prophet" tightly and pressed him.. After releasing him, the angel said to him: اِقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ أَ خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ أَ إِقْرَأْ وَ رَبُّكَ لا الْأَكْرَمُ الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ ةٌ عَلْمَ الْإِنْسَانَ مَالَمْ يَعْلَمْ هُ iqra' bismi rabbikalladhi khalaq khalaqal insāna min ‘alaq iqra' wa rabbukal akramulladhī ‘allama bil qalam ‘allamal insāna mā lam ya'lam. Recite in the name of your Lord Who created, Created man from an adhesive clot. Recite! And your Lord is the Noblest. Who taught by the pen. Taught man what he knew not. (96:2-6) sa га. After this incident, the Holy Prophet returned home. His heart was beating hard. He entered the house of Hadrat Khadijah bint Khuwailid and said, "Cover me up. Cover me up." She covered him with a blanket. After a while, when his fear subsided, he narrated the whole incident to Hadrat. Khadijah and said that he was worried about himself. At this, Hadrat га ra ra. Khadijah said, "Never, By Allāh! Allāh Almighty will never disgrace you.. Surely you take care of your kith and kin, help the oppressed, restore the lost virtues, honor the guest and help the needy." Then Ḥadrat Khadijah™ took the Holy Prophet" to her cousin, Waraqah bin Naufal bin Asad bin ‘Abdul ‘Uzza, who had converted to Christianity during the days of ignorance. He knew Hebrew and could read and write the Hebrew Gospel, as long as Allāh wished that he writes. Waraqah bin Naufal was an old man and had lost his eyesight. Ḥadrat Khadijah" said to him, "Ο my cousin! listen to your nephew." Waraqah bin Naufal said, "O my nephew! What ra 54

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa sa sa did you see?" The Holy Prophet" narrated to him all that he had seen.. Waraqah bin Naufal told him that it was the same angel Gabriel who descended on Moses". He told the Holy Prophet" that he wished he could be alive and strong at the time when his people would expel him. The Holy. Prophet asked Waraqah bin Naufal, "Will my people really expel me?". Waraqah bin Naufal replied that to whomsoever this status has been given has always been opposed. He said furthermore that if he were alive at the time (when people would oppose him), he would support him fully.. However, soon after that Waraqah bin Naufal passed away. sa (Sahih Bukhārī, Kitab Bad'ul Wahyi Ila Rasūlillah, Bab Kaifa Kana Bad'ul Wahyi. S&. Ila Rasulillah ). The Pause in Revelation га sa. The Holy Prophet" felt that he needed Divine guidance to carry on the mission. However, after the first few revelations there was silence.. Gabriel did not appear for some time. The Holy Prophet was a bit dismayed and frightened with the situation. He thought that maybe God. Almighty was displeased with him. Even Ḥadrat Khadijah had similar thoughts about the pause in revelation. So the Holy Prophet" went to the cave Hira' to pray as was his practice. He prayed and begged God. Almighty for guidance and help. His humble entreaties were accepted and clear and reassuring words were revealed to him by God Almighty: sa مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى هُ وَلَلْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌلَّكَ مِنَ الْأُولَى أَ وَ لَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضى اَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيْمًا فَاوَى هِ وَ وَجَدَكَ صَالاً فَهَدى O وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلاً فَاغْنى ل فَلَمَّا الْيَتِيْمَ فَلَا تَنْهَرْهُ 55

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa mã wadda‘aka rabbuka wamā qala wa lal-akhiratu khairullaka minal ūſa wala saufa yuʻfika rabbuka fatarḍa alam yajidka yafıman fa awa wa wajadaka da allan fahada wa wajadaka ‘a'ilan fa aghnā fa ammal yatima fala taqhar. Your Lord has not forsaken you, nor is He displeased with you. Surely every hour that follows is better for you than the one that precedes.And Your Lord will soon give you and you will be well pleased. Did He not find you an orphan and give you shelter? And He found you wandering in search for Him and guided you unto. Himself. And He found you in want and enriched you. So the orphan oppress not. (93:4-10). The following was also revealed to the Holy Prophet": 56 إِنَّ فَضْلَهُ كَانَ عَلَيْكَ كَبِيْرًا ) inna fadlahū kana ‘alaika kabira. Surely, His grace towards you is great. (17:88)

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa 4. Conveying the Message of Islām sa. It was the year 610 AD, when the angel Gabriel visited the Holy. Prophet while he was meditating in the cave Hira' and the first verses of the Holy Qur'an were sent down to him by God Almighty. The Holy. Prophet continued with his routine of meditation in the cave Hira'. Then. God Almighty revealed to him: sa يَأَيُّهَا الْمُدَّقِرُ لا قُمْ فَانْذِرْ وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ ل ya ayyuhal muddaththir, qum fa andhir, wa rabbaka fa kabbir. O you that has wrapped yourself with your mantle! Arise and warn, And your. Lord do extol. (74:2-4) sa sa. The Holy Prophet" was forty years old at the time of the first revelation which marks the beginning of his prophethood and the religion,. Islām. The night of first revelation occurred towards the end of the month of Ramadan. When, he was called to prophethood by Allāh, he fully devoted his life to Allāh's service and to the universal spread of Islām. The. Holy Prophet asked the people to give up idol-worship, and return to the worship of One God and be kind and charitable to the poor. Hadrat. Khadijah was the first one to accept him as the Messenger of Allāh and the religion Islām. To begin with, Muḥammad preached the message of. Allāh only to his friends, his closest relatives and those whom he could ra га trust. Hadrat ‘Ali, the son of Abū Ṭālib who was just ten years old at that time, was the second and Hadrat Zaid", the son of Haritha was the third 57

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa ra. Muslim. Among his friends, Ḥaḍrat Abu Bakr was the first to become a. Muslim. sa ra. In the beginning, the Holy Prophet" conveyed the message of. Islām secretly to individuals. At the same time, Hadrat Abu Bakr also conveyed the message of Islām in the same way. They had some success in their efforts. A few young Quraish accepted Islām which included, Ḥadrat 'Uthman bin 'Affan", Hadrat ‘Abdur Raḥmān bin ‘Auf™", Ḥaḍrat Sa'd bin. Abi Waqās, Hadrat Zubair bin al-'Awwām and Hadrat Talha bin 'Abdullah". At the same time, Hadrat Bilal and some other slaves also accepted Islām. га sa га ra. After three years of preaching secretly to individuals, God. Almighty commanded the Holy Prophet to spread the message of Islām openly: فَاصْدَعْ بِمَا تُؤْمَرُ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْمُشْرِكِيْنَ ) faṣda' bimā tu'maru wa aʻriḍ ‘anil mushrikina. So declare openly that which you are commanded and turn aside from those who ascribe partners to God. (15:95) sa. At the same time the Holy Prophet was commanded by God. Almighty to start conveying the message of Islām to his nearest kinsmen: وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيْرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِيْنَ أَ وَاخْفِضْ جَنَاحَكَ لِمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ 0 مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ :. E wa andhir ‘ashiratakal aqrabina wakhfid janāḥaka lima nittaba‘aka minal mu'minina 58

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. And warn your nearest kinsmen. And lower your wing of mercy to the believers who follow you. (26:215-216) sa sa. The Holy Prophet once climbed to the top of Mount Safa and announced to the people gathered close to the hill to see Muḥammad", "O people of the Quraish, if I were to tell you that I see an army ready to attack on the other side of the mountain, would you believe me?" They answered, "Yes, certainly. We trust you and have never found you telling a lie." The Holy Prophet" said, "Know then that I am a warner and I warn you of severe punishment. O Banu ‘Abdul Muttalib, Banü ‘Abd Manaf, O. Banu Zuhrah, O Banū Taim, ○ Banū Makhzūm, and O Banū Asad! Allāh has commanded me to inform you that I can assure you of good on this earth and in heaven if you declare that there is none worthy of worship except Allāh." Hearing this, Abū Lahab, his uncle, became extremely angry and cursed his nephew saying, "Did you gather us here to say this?". The spreading of the message openly by the Holy Prophet" created severe opposition and hostility towards him and his followers.. Sa га sa. Hadrat Ibn 'Abbas relates that when the verse, 'And warn your nearest kinsmen' was revealed, the Holy Prophet" ascended the Safa mountain and started calling various tribes of the Quraish by their name.. Some Quraish Chiefs which included Abu Lahab came themselves while others sent their representatives. When they all gathered, the Holy. Prophet said, "If I tell you that there is an enemy cavalary in the valley intending to attack you, would you believe me?" They said, "Yes we will believe you. You have always spoken the truth." The Holy Prophet" then said, "I am a warner to you in face of a terrible punishment." Abū Lahab said to the Holy Prophet", "May your hands perish this day. Is it for this purpose you have gathered us?" sa sa. Then the following verses were revealed to the Holy Prophet": تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ وَ تَبَّ مَا أَغْنى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ ل سَيَصْلى ه 59

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa 3 نَارًا ذَاتَ لَهَبٍ َو امْرَأَتُهُ ، حَمَّالَةَ الْحَطَبِ أَ فِي جِيْدِهَا حَبْلُ مِنْ مسدة tabbat yada abi lahabiñwwa tabb mã aghnā ‘anhu mäluhū wamā kasab sayaṣla nāran dhāta lahabiñwwamra atuhū ḥammā latal ḥatab fi jidiha ḥablummimmasad. Perished be the two hands of Abū Lahab, and so perish he. His wealth and what he has earned shall avail him not. Soon shall he enter into a blazing fire; And his woman too, who goes around carrying the firewood. Round her neck shall be a halter of twisted palm-fiber. (111:1-6) (Sahih Bukhari, Kitab Tafsirul Qur'an, Bāb Surah "Tabbat yada abi lahabiñwwa tab") ra sa. Hadrat 'Ali relates that when the commandment to give the message to his near kinsmen was revealed, the Holy Prophet said, "At first he was fearful. He knew when he will preach to them, their response will not be good. So, for some time he kept quiet. Then Gabriel told him that if he did not proceed with the commandment then his Lord will seize him too." sa ra ra. The Holy Prophet told Ḥadrat ‘Ali" to arrange a feast where bread with mutton soup would be served and the entire clan of Bani Muttalib would be invited to the dinner. Hadrat 'Ali arranged the feast as directed by the Holy Prophet and invited at least forty members of the family of. Banī Muttalib which included all the uncles of the Holy Prophet”, Abū sa sa sa sa Ṭälib, Ḥamzah, ‘Abbās and Abū Lahab. The Holy Prophet himself poured the food in a large dish and told the guests to start eating. Everyone ate to his fill. When the Holy Prophet" was about to talk with the guests, Abū. Lahab started speaking before him. He said, "Your companion has mesmerized you." Hearing this people dispersed and the Holy Prophet 60 sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa could not convey his message to them. та sa sa ra. The Holy Prophet" told Hadrat ‘Ali that because Abū Lahab started speaking he could not convey his message. He should arrange another such a feast where a selected forty people were to be invited.. Hadrat ‘Alī states that he organized a feast again. When everyone finished eating, the Holy Prophet" said, "O Children of Abū Muttalib! By God, none of the Arab youth has brought such a beautiful and glorious message for his people than that which I have brought to you. I have brought to you the goodness for this world and the hereafter. My Lord has commanded me that I call you towards Him. So, who will be my helper in this matter and establish the relationship of religious brotherhood with me?". Everyone kept quiet. Hadrat ‘Ali" got up and said, "O Prophet" of. God! I will." Everyone laughed at it and left. (Tarikh Tabari, Vol 2, p. 63, Istiqamah Pulishers, Cairo, 1939) sa sa. The Holy Prophet" conveyed the message of Islām to all sorts of people. He preached even to Rukānah, a famous wrestler of Mecca. While preaching to Rukānah the Holy Prophet" asked him, "Would not you be afraid of Allāh and accept the message towards which I invite you?. Rukānah said that if he is assured of the truth of his claim then he would accept his claim. The Holy Prophet" asked him whether he would accept the truth of his claim were he to defeat him in wrestling. Rukānah said, "Yes". Thus the Holy Prophet challenged Rukānah to a wrestling bout which he accepted. In the wrestling match the Holy Prophet" defeated. Rukānah, the wrestler. Rukānah was surprised and asked the Holy. Prophet to have another bout. Again the Holy Prophet" defeated. Rukānah. In this way three wrestling bouts took place and the Holy. Prophet defeated Rukānah in all the three bouts. Rukānah said, "I am awestruck as to how he was able to defeat me." Later on Rukānah accepted. Islām. sa sa (As-Siratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Vol. 2, P. 31) 61

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa. Invitation to Abū Jahl to Accept Islām sa sa. Besides giving the message of Islām to his nearest kinsmen as commanded by Allāh the Holy Prophet started to spread the message of. Islām openly to other people. Despite severe opposition he kept on courageously spreading the message. The Holy Prophet" conveyed the message of Islām to various Chiefs of the Quraish. The Holy Prophet personally gave the message of Islām to Abū Jahl (father of ignorance) who was a prominent enemy of Islām. Abū Jahl's hostility earned him the appellation of "father of ignorance" from the Muslims. His real name was 'Amr ibn Hishām. ra sa sa. Haḍrat Mughīra bin Shi‘ba˝ relates that he met the Holy Prophet for the first time when he was walking through an alley along with Abū. Jahl. The Holy Prophet" said to Abū Jahl, "O Abul Ḥikam! Come to Allāh and his Messenger. I call you towards Allāh." Abū Jahl said, "O. Muḥammad! Will you not restrain yourself from condemning our idols? If you desire that we be witness to it that you have conveyed the message to us then we affirm to it that you have conveyed the message. I swear that even if I come to know that what you proclaim is correct, I will not follow you." After hearing this, the Holy Prophet left. Then, Abū Jahl said to me, "I swear that I know he is rightful in what he proclaims. However, when his ancestors, the children of Qusayy said that they are responsible for the management of the Covering of the Ka'bah, we accepted it. Then they said that the management of the Majlis-e-Shūra is also their responsibility and we could not repudiate it. Then they claimed to be the standard bearers of the Flag of the Arabs and we had to accept it. Then, they took the responsibility of serving water to pilgrims; again we kept quiet. However, in the matters of hospitality and almsgiving we competed with them shoulder to shoulder and both tribes became equal. Now they have claimed that the Prophet is from their tribe. I swear, I will never let this happen." (Dala'ilan-Nabuwwata li-Baihaqi, p. 198, Published by Darul Kutab al-'Ilmiyya,. Beirut, Lebanon) 62

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa. Rejection of the Message by the Meccans sa sa. Despite the diligent effort by the Holy Prophet" to give the message of Islām to the Meccans, they rejected the Holy Prophet's message and displayed considerable hostility to him and his followers. At first, they thought that it was a fantasy which would soon dissipate.. However, when their own fantasy did not materialize and the message of. Islām began to spread, they started to mistreat the Holy Prophet and his followers. At the same time, the Holy Prophet" increased his efforts to convey the message of Islām. Thus a new ominous phase of trial in the life of the Holy Prophet" and his Companions", at the time when they were fully occupied in spreading the Message of Allah, had begun. sa за sa. Hostility Towards the Holy Prophets and His. Companions ra sa. Meccans, who in the beginning did not take serious notice of the message and the movement, suddenly realized its consequences for them and became openly hostile to the Holy Prophet" and his followers. The followers of the Holy Prophet were increasing in number day by day.. This further worried the enemies of Islām. sa. At first, the Quraish asked Abū Ṭālib to withdraw his support from the Holy Prophet*. They sent a delegation of influential people to talk to. Abū Ṭālib in this regard. They went so far that they told Abu Talib to tell. Muhammad that if he wants to marry a beautiful woman they would give him the most beautiful and rich woman to marry. Abu Talib found himself in a difficult position. He asked the Holy Prophet" not to annoy the. Quraish too much by spreading his message as it put a lot of strain upon him as he was one of the leaders of the Quraish. The Holy Prophet" was firm in his belief and considered it obligatory to spread the message of. Islām and the worshipping of one God. So he said to his uncle, "By Allāh, sa 63

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa if they place the sun on my right hand and the moon on my left hand and ask me to give up my mission, I shall not do so.". Sa sa. The opposition to the Holy Prophet and his message became violent. Once, the Holy Prophet" was preaching in the area of Ka'bah, and idolators attacked and killed Ḥārith bin Abī Hālah while he was trying to pacify the opponents. He was the first Muslim to die in the cause of Islam.. An Abyssinian slave, Bilal bin Rabāḥ, was tortured by his master,. Umayyah bin Khalaf, for accepting Islām. He was made to lie on his back on burning hot sand with a heavy stone placed on his chest. Despite the unbearable torture he suffered he remained steadfast in his belief in the. Unity of God and repeatedly declared, أَحَدٌ ، أَحَدٌ. Ahad, Ahad. Allāh is One, Allāh is One (Usdul Ghabah, Vol. 1, p. 206) га sa ra. Hadrat Abu Bakr" arranged his freedom from his master. Later, when the Muslims settled in Medina and were able to live and worship in comparative peace, the Holy Prophet" appointed Hadrat Bilal as a. Mu'adhdhin (the person who calls the worshippers to Prayers). There were many others who went through similar torture and these even included women. Zinnīra, a female slave, lost her eyes under the cruel treatment of the disbelievers. Abū Fukaih, a slave of Safwan bin Umayyah was also laid down on hot sand while over his chest were placed heavy and hot stones, under pain of which his tongue dropped out. sa sa. The Holy Prophet™ himself was also accused, ridiculed and abused by the enemies of Islām. The Holy Prophet was called a sorcerer and accused of being possessed. The Holy Prophet was once almost strangled 64 sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa ra by an idolator while he was praying. Hadrat Abu Bakr rescued him. Umm. Jamil, the wife of Abū Lahab, used to throw rubbish and thorny bushes at the Holy Prophet's" front door and obstruct the way to his house. All this did not slow or inhibit in any way the Holy Prophet in carrying out his sa sa mission. Rather, the Holy Prophet continued to preach with still more enthusiasm. Meccans did whatever they could do to stop him and his followers from spreading the message, without any success. The opposition to the Holy Prophet" and hostility towards him further intensified. Despite this, Islām continued to flourish. During this period of turmoil, Hadrat. Hamzah, the uncle of the Holy Prophet", accepted Islām. He was a brave man. His acceptance of Islām strengthened the mission of the Holy. Prophet and the opposition was slightly muted. sa sa sa 'Utbah ibn Rabi'ah suggested to the Holy Prophet" that if he wanted money it would be gathered for him to such an extent that he would become the richest person amongst them; if he wanted honor, he would be made their chief, if he wanted sovereignty, he would be made king so that he would decide all affairs. The Holy Prophet" rejected his offer. 'Utbah returned to his cohorts and told them that no temptation would sway. Muḥammad away from his mission. sa. When all the efforts of the idolators to dissuade the Holy Prophet" from his mission failed, they came up with a proposal they thought might work. They proposed that if the Holy Prophet" would adore their idols they would adore his God and as a result of this action the hostility would cease.. The Holy Prophet rejected the proposal outright as in no way would he adore idols and mix truth with falsehood. sa. Migration of Muslims to Abyssinia (Habshah). With the failure of all their proposals to stop the Holy Prophet from spreading the message of Islām, the Quraish became frustrated and 65 sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa та sa sa desperate. The threats of violence against the Holy Prophet" and his. Companions" markedly increased. The Muslims were generally poor, were unsafe and vulnerable as they were surrounded by the idolators who were in the majority. Under these circumstances, the Holy Prophet" advised his followers to migrate to Abyssinia, where the king (Negus) was a kind and noble person. Eighty-three adult Muslims and some children migrated to. Abyssinia in groups. The first group which left Mecca for the sake of. Allāh consisted of ten Muslims. the Holy Prophet" appointed Ḥadrat 'Uthman bin Maz'un" as the leader of the first group which migrated to. Abyssinia. This was the first migration (Hijrah) in Islām. ra. God Almighty says in the Holy Qur'ān: sa وَالَّذِيْنَ هَاجَرُوا فِى اللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا ظُلِمُوْا لَنُبَوّتَنَّهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً ، وَ لَأَجْرُ الْآخِرَةِ أَكْبَرُ لَوْ كَانُوْا يَعْلَمُوْنَ 8 walladhina hājarū fillahi mim ba'di mā zulimū lanubawwi'annahum fiddunya ḥasanatan wa la ajrul ākhirati akbar lau kānū y‘lamūn. And as to those who have left their homes for the sake of Allah after they had been wronged, We will surely give them a goodly abode in this world; and truly the reward of the Hereafter is greater, if they but knew. (16:42). The Quraish were not happy with the migration of the Muslims to. Abyssinia. So a delegation comprised of two ambassadors, ‘Amr bin al-‘Ās and 'Abdullah ibn Abū Rabi'ah, traveled to Abyssinia and tried to extradite the Muslims back to Mecca by bribing the courtiers of the king. They told the king that the emigrants follow a new religion of which no one had heard anything before. The king wanted to know more about these emigrants and their religion. So he gathered all the emigrants in his courtyard for a question and answer session. He asked what is the new 66

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sa ra. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa religion they follow that they had to leave their country? Hadrat Ja'far bin. Abū Talib was the spokesperson for the Muslims. He responded to the question. He said, "O king! We were ignorant, worshipped idols, ate dead animals, committed all sorts of injustice. The strong amongst us exploited the weak, we broke ties and mistreated guests, and all sorts of immorality were prevalent in our society. Then Allāh sent a Prophet, who is one of us, whose lineage, truthfulness, trustworthiness and honesty were well known to us even before he claimed to be a Prophet. He told us to worship one. God and to renounce the idol worship which is the practice we inherited from our forefathers. He commanded us to speak the truth, honor our promises, to be helpful to our relations, to be good to our neighbors, to abstain from bloodshed and to shun fornication. He commanded us not to give false witness, not to misappropriate an orphan's property or falsely accuse a married woman. He ordered us not to associate with Allāh. He commanded us to offer Prayers, keep the fast, pay Zakāt. (Sıratul Halabiyyah, 'Ali bin Burhanuddin, Vol. 1, pp. 480-481, Bāb. Hijratuththāniyya ilal Ḥabshah). We believed in him and what he brought to us from Allāh. We do what he tells us to do and abstain from that which he tells us to abstain. All this was degrading and unacceptable to the non-believers. So they mistreated us, tortured some of us, and tried to force us to go back to idol-worshipping. This made our life in Mecca miserable. The way the non-believers treated us became unbearable and it became very difficult for us to live in Mecca, We have come to your country to seek protection and to live in justice and peace." ra. Upon hearing this, the king asked him to recite the Holy Qur'an for him. Hadrat Ja'far" recited to him Surah Maryam. While listening to it,. Negus wept profusely and he said, "What you have just recited and that which was revealed to Moses" were from the same God. Go and live in my country. You will not be deported." 89 67

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. SA ra. Hadrat Hamzah Accepts Islām sa sa ra га ra sa. One day, during the sixth year of the prophethood of the Holy. Prophet, Abū Jahl behaved disrespectfully toward the Holy Prophet" and insulted him. Ḥaḍrat Hamzah was an uncle of the Holy Prophet and he loved the Holy Prophet deeply. Hadrat Hamzah's" bond-maid saw how. Abū Jahl mistreated the Holy Prophet". When Ḥadrat Hamzah returned from hunting in the evening, his bond-maid told him about the mistreatment of the Holy Prophet by Abū Jahl. Ḥadrat Hamzah became very upset on hearing about the incident. He immediately went to Abū Jahl who was sitting in the Haram area. Hadrat Ḥamzah hit Abū Jahl's head with his bow and said, "I have come to know that you have insulted. Muḥammad. Listen, I have accepted Islām. If you have any courage then say something to me." After that Ḥadrat Hamzah went to the Holy sa. Sa. Prophet and entered into the fold of Islām. ra ra га (As-Siratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Vol. 1, p. 90; Sirah Ibne Hisham,. Sa. Biography of the Prophet, Abridged by 'Abdus Salam Harūn, pp. 47-48,. Al-Falah Foundation, Cairo, Egypt). Hadrat ‘Umara Accepts Islām sa ra sa ra. Continuous propaganda against the Holy Prophet" and Islām had created hatred for Islām in the minds of some people in Mecca which included Hadrat ‘Umar". In his mind the hatred to the new religion had developed to such an extent that he once went with the intention to kill the. Holy Prophet. On the way someone told Hadrat 'Umar" that first he should worry about his sister (Fatimah, the daughter of Al-Khattab) and her husband (Sa'id ibn Zaid) who had accepted Islām. He was enraged to hear this and went straight to his sister's house. When he approached the house he heard the sound of recitation of the Holy Qur'an coming from the 68

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa ra house. Hadrat ‘Umar" entered the house without permission. He was furious and started hitting his brother-in-law, and accidentally injured his sister when she tried to protect her husband. Seeing blood flowing from injuries to his sister he mellowed and asked to see the sheets from which they were reciting the Holy Qur'ān. His sister told him to clean himself before he could see the sheets. Hadrat 'Umar" cleaned himself and was given the sheets. He read the following verses of the Holy Qur'an: اِنْتِى اَنَا اللهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلا اَنَا فَاعْبُدْنِيْ * وَأَقِمِ الصَّلوةَ لِذِكْرِي 0 إِنَّ لَا السَّاعَةَ أُتِيَةٌ اَكَادُ أَخْفِيْهَا لِتُجْزَى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا تَسْعُى ٥ فَلا يَصُدَّنَّكَ عَنْهَا مَنْ لا يُؤْمِنُ بِهَا وَ اتَّبَعَ هَوىهُ فَتَرْدي 0 innani analſahu ſa iſaha ilſa ana fa'budni wa aqimiṣṣaſata li dhikri innassa‘ata atiyatun akadu ukhfiha li tujza kullu nafsim bimā tas a fala yasuddannaka 'anha malla yu'minu biha wattaba'a hawahu fatarda. Verily, I am Allāh; there is no God beside Me. So serve Me, and observe Prayer for My remembrance. Surely, the Hour will come; I may reveal it, that every soul may be recompensed for its endeavor. So let not him who believes not therein and follows his own evil inclinations, turn you away therefrom, lest you perish. (20:15-17) ra ra ra sa sa. Hadrat 'Umar was moved by the depth of the contents of the verses of the Holy Qur'an and decided to accept Islām. He told them to take him to the Holy Prophet so that he could accept Islām. Ḥaḍrat 'Umar was led to Arqam's house where the Holy Prophet" was staying at that time. The Holy Prophet" came to the gate of the house to welcome. Hadrat 'Umar" and asked him about his intentions. Hadrat ‘Umar" told him of his desire to accept Islām. The Holy Prophet" was pleased to hear га sa sa ra 69

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa га about his intention. Hadrat ‘Umar's" acceptance of Islam strengthened the will of the Muslims. sa. When the Holy Prophet" started to deliver the message of Islām in. Mecca, two chiefs of Mecca, ‘Amr bin Hishām (Abū Jahl) and ‘Umar bin. Khaṭṭāb, were the most dangerous opponents of Islam and the Holy. Prophet. The Holy Prophet prayed to God Almighty, "O Allāh, grant strength and respect to Islām through either one of the two, ‘Amr bin. Hishām (Abū Jahl) or ‘Umar bin Khaṭṭāb (whosoever You like)." sa sa (As-Siratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Urdu, Translation by 'Abdul Jalil. Siddiqi, Vol. 1, p. 379, I'tiqād Pulishing House, Delhi, India; Jami' Tirmidhi,. Kitabul Manaqib, Bāb ‘Umar bin Khattab ) га га. Thus, acceptance of Islām by Hadrat ‘Umar" was the result of the acceptance of the prayers of the Holy Prophet".. Confinement in Shi‘bi Abī Ṭālib. The Quraish were full of anger on seeing the Muslim community flourish. They convened a large meeting in which they decided to impose a complete boycott of the Muslims. Their aim was to ostracize the Banū. Hashim and Banu ‘Abdul Muttalib clans and thus destroy them completely. They hatched a scheme and imposed a total boycott of the. Holy Prophet", his clan and tribe, Banu Hashim and Banu ‘Abdul. Muttalib, and all the Muslims. An agreement was signed to boycott which was written by Mansur ibn ‘Ikrimah and was hung in the Ka'bah. The agreement stated: "They would neither take the daughters of the two clans (Banu Hashim and Banū ‘Abdul Muttalib) nor will they give them their daughters in marriage; they would neither sell anything to them nor buy anything from them. Not only that, they would not have any contact with them nor even allow any food or drink to reach them. This boycott would continue till these clans agree to hand over Muḥammad to the Quraish." 70

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa га sa sa. Abū Tālib had no alternative but to take the two clans into the mountain trail called Shi'bi Abi Talib which was his property. Thus, the. Holy Prophet, his family members and certain other people who were non-Muslims but had great regard for the Holy Prophet" and his family were confined to a small lonely place. It was decided that the Meccans would not have normal dealings with the Muslims. They would neither buy from them nor sell them anything. They would not marry their daughters nor would give them their own daughters in marriage. They wrote down this covenant and hung it, like other proclamations, on the wall of the. Ka'bah. Then the Quraish told the three men who were married to the three daughters of the Holy Prophet" to divorce their wives. Two of the daughters of the Holy Prophet" were married to the two sons of the Holy. Prophet's uncle and bitter enemy, Abū Lahab. The third daughter, Ḥadrat. Zainab was married to a cousin of Ḥaḍrat Khadijah", Abū al-'Ās. Both sons of Abū Lahab divorced their wives. However, Abu al-'Ās refused to divorce his wife. The boycott continued for three years and during this confinement the clans of Hāshim and Muttalib bore enormous difficulties and suffering. They were made to undergo the most extreme hardships and privations, so much so that at times they had nothing but tree leaves to sustain them. If any relative sent them any food, and the news leaked out, that relative was publicly insulted and put to shame. The Quraish used to express their pleasure on hearing the cries of the hungry children. Despite all that the Muslims remained steadfast in their beliefs. Then certain decent people from the enemies of Islām protested and revolted against the inhumane treatment of the people confined in Shi'bi Abi Talib. At first, based on humanitarian grounds, Hisham ibn 'Amr and Zuhair ibn Abū. Umayyah decided to revoke the pact of the boycott. Then they secretly asked others to do the same. They let it be known that they would invite the Holy Prophet and his Companions" to come out of their place of retreat and go about their business as before. They met the confined people, talked with Abū Talib and ended the boycott. Abū Jahl opposed it.. However, he soon realized that there was a consensus to revoke the boycott pact and that would be foolish to oppose it. Thus, he stopped opposing them. One day the Holy Prophet said to Abū Ṭālib: "I have been informed sa sa 71

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa by Allāh that the agreement of the Quraish has been eaten up by insects, and no writing has been left therein except the name of Allah.". Al-Mut'am went to tear up the pact hanging on the wall of the. Ka'bah. He was surprised to find out that insects had already devoured most of the pact except the beginning words, "In the name of Allāh." In this way the blockade was lifted. Although the boycott was revoked, still every obstruction was placed in the way of the Holy Prophet to prevent him from establishing contact with his fellow townsmen. sa. The Year of Sorrow and Grief:. Death of Abu Talib and Hadrat Khadijah™ª га ra sa sa. In his 10th year of prophethood, the Holy Prophet" experienced several sorrowful events. The hardships endured by the Muslims during the blockade and confinement in Shi'bi Abi Talib had gravely affected the health of both Ḥaḍrat Khadijah" and the Holy Prophet's" uncle, Abū Ṭālib.. Hadrat Khadijah passed away within a few days of the lifting of the blockade, and Abū Țălib passed away a month thereafter. Thus the Holy. Prophet lost his most faithful, loving and caring wife, Ḥaḍrat Khadijah™ and his uncle, Abu Talib who at the critical time in his life gave him protection. The Holy Prophet" patiently bore the grief due to all these tragedies. sa та. Conveying the Message of Islām to the People of Ta'if sa. The opponents of the Holy Prophet had made it almost impossible for him to leave his house to carry his message to any section of the people of Mecca. Because of these circumstances the Holy Prophet* decided to 72 sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa 88 convey the message of Islām to the people of Ta'if, a city approximately forty miles to the east of Mecca. During this trip Zaid bin Haritha accompanied him. First, the Holy Prophet" met the important people of the town and conveyed to them the message of Islām. However, all of them refused to accept Islām and insulted him. Not only that, they asked the vagabonds and street thugs to follow him and force him to eave the town.. They followed him and pelted him with stones. His legs and feet were injured and blood filled his shoes. Thus, they forced him to leave the town. sa. Weary and sore, the Holy Prophet and his companion dragged themselves along a short distance, and when they were away from the town, they stopped in a vineyard belonging to two Meccans. sa ra sa. Hadrat 'Abdullah bin Ja'far" relates that after the sad demise of. Abū Ṭälib, the Holy Prophet" went to spread the message of Islām to the people of Ta'if. However, they did not accept him. The Holy Prophet offered two rak'at prayer under the shade of a tree and most humbly supplicated to God Almighty in these words: اللَّهُمَّ إِلَيْكَ اَشْكُو ضَعْفَ قُوَّتِي ، وَقِلَّةَ حِيْلَتِيْ وَهَوَانِي عَلَى النَّاسِ يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِيْنَ إِلَى مَنْ تَكِلُنِي؟ إِلَى عَدُةٍ يُتَجَهَّمُنِي أَمْ إِلَى قَرِيْبٍ مَّلَكْتَهُ أَمْرِي؟ إِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ سَاخِطًا عَلَيَّ فَلَا أُبَالِي غَيْرَ أَنَّ عَافِيَتَكَ أَوْسَحُ لِي اَعُوْذُ بِنُوْرِ وَجْهِكَ الْكَرِيمِ الَّذِي ضَاءَتْ لَهُ السَّمْوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضِ ، وَأَشْرَقَتْ لَهُ الظُّلُمَاتُ ، وَصَلُحَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْرُ الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ، اَنْ تَحِلَّ عَلَيَّ غَضَبُكَ أَوْ تَنْزِلَ عَلَيَّ سُخَطُكَ ، 73

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Sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa وَلَكَ الْعُتْبَى حَتَّى تَرْضَى وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِكَ alſahumma ilaika ashkū ḍu‘fa quwwafi, wa qillata hilafi wa hawānī ‘alannāsi, yā arḥamarrāḥimīna ila man takiluni? ila ‘aduwwiñyyata jahhamuni am iſa qarībimmalaktahū amrī? in lam takun sākhitan ‘alayya fala ubali, ghaira anna afiyataka ausa'u li a'udhu bi nūri wajhikal karimilladhi da'at lahussamāwātu wal arḍu, wa ashraqat lahuzzulumātu, wa saluḥa 'alaihi amruddunya wal akhirati, an tahilla 'alayya ghadabuka au tanzila ‘alayya sukhtṭuka, walakal ‘utbā hatta tarḍa wala haula wa la quwwata illa bika. O Allāh! To You I state my weakness and deficiencies in planning. I have become infamous among the people. O the Most beneficent among the beneficent people!. To whom You will make in-charge of me. Will You entrust me to such an enemy who may destroy me or to some such a relative to whom You give full authority over my affairs? If You are not angry with me then I don't worry about anyone.. However, I am certainly desirous of Your vast protection. I seek the protection of. Your illuminating Countenance Which illuminates the earth and the heavens and which has illuminated the darkness and with which affairs of the world and the. Hereafter are straightened. I seek Your protection from Your wrath that comes down upon me or Your displeasure with me. The future up till Your pleasure belongs to You. And all Power and Authority belongs to You. (As-Siratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Vol. 2, pp. 61-62; Sirah Ibne Hisham,. Sa. Biography of the Prophet, Abridged by ‘Abdus Salam Harūn, p. 90, Al-Falaḥ. Foundation, Cairo, Egypt) sa. The owners of the vineyard, who happened to be in the vineyard at the time, had been among the Holy Prophet's persecutors in Mecca, but on this occasion they felt some sympathy toward their fellow townsman and permitted him to rest there a while. Soon, they sent him a tray of grapes by the hand of a Christian slave. This slave, Addas by name, belonged to. Nineveh. The Holy Prophet" took a grape, and before putting it into his mouth recited what has become the Muslim grace: "In the name of Allāh, 74 sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa sa. Ever Gracious, Most Merciful." This excited the curiosity of Addas who inquired about the identity of the stranger. The Holy Prophet" told him about himself, and the conversation that ensued led Addas to declare his acceptance of Islām. So the Holy Prophet's journey to Ta'if did not prove entirely fruitless. However, this was indeed one of the most difficult days of the Holy Prophet's life. He rested for awhile in the garden and prayed there. sa. An angel descended upon him and asked for his permission to destroy the people of Ta'if who had mistreated him so badly. However, the. Holy Prophet told the angel not to do so as he hoped that the good people among them may accept Islām and worship One God. sa (Sahih Bukhari, Kitab Bad'il Khalq, Bab dhikril mala'ikati). The incident is beautifully described in the following tradition: га. Hadrat '‘Urwah bin Zubair" relates that Hadrat 'A'ishah™ said that she asked the Holy Prophet": "Did you experience a day harder than the day of the Battle of Uhud" He answered: 'ndeed I experienced them at the hands of your people, and the hardest of them was the day of ‘Aqabah when I presented myself to 'Abd Yalail bin 'Abd Kulāl and he made no response to that which I had desired. So I left grieved and depressed and felt no relief until I arrived at Qarn Tha‘lib. Then I raised my head and saw a cloud that was shielding me from the sun in which I beheld Gabriel who called me and said: 'Allāh, the Most Honored and Glorious, has heard what your people have said to you and the response they have made to you and has sent the Angel of the Mountains to you so that you may direct him to do what you might wish to be done to them.' Then the Angel of the. Mountains called to me, offered me the greeting of peace and said: 'Muhammad, indeed Allāh has heard what thy people have said to you. I am the Angel of the Mountains, and my Lord has sent me to you, so that you might give me your direction concerning that which you would wish done to them. If you would so wish I would press down upon them the two great mountains." "The Holy Prophet" answered him: "Indeed not, I am 75

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58. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa hoping that Allāh will make out of their progeny such people as would worship Allāh, the One, not associating aught with Him." sa (Sahih Muslim, Kitābul Jihad, Bāb mã laqannabiyya min idhil mushrikina wal munafiqin) sa sa. The Holy Prophet had now a difficult problem to resolve. He had left Mecca and he had been rejected by the people of Ta'if. Under Meccan custom, he could not go back to Mecca unless his re-entry was sponsored by some leading Meccan. There was nowhere else to go. The Holy. Prophet prayed earnestly for light, guidance, and help from Allāh, and then set out with Zaid on the return journey to Mecca. He stopped on the way at a place called Nakhla for a few days and sent word to Mut'im bin 'Adi, a leading Meccan, asking whether he could be permitted to return to. Mecca. Mut'im replied that he was prepared to sponsor his re-entry into. Mecca, and when the Holy Prophet" approached Mecca, Mut'im and his sons met him in the outskirts of Mecca and escorted him back into the town. sa 76 (The Excellent Exemplar, Muḥammad: Muḥammad Zafrulſa Khān)

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa 5. The Night Journey: Journey from Mecca to. Jerusalem (Isra') and Ascension to Heaven (Mi'raj) sa. One night, the Holy Prophet" in a vision had made a trip from. Mecca to Jerusalem which is commonly called Isra'. At another occasion (2 BH) he made a journey to heaven which is commonly called Mi'raj (the ascension). The Holy Prophet" saw the first vision in the 5th year of the. Call (7 BH). sa. Journey from Mecca to Jerusalem (Isrā') sa ra sa sa. One night, when the Holy Prophet" and the other present in the house of Haḍrat Umm Hānī"" went to sleep after offering their. Prayer, the Holy Prophet was taken away by the angel Gabriel on a visit to Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, and then to the seven heavens.. In the morning the Holy Prophet" said to them, "Last night I offered my evening Prayer with you, then I went to Jerusalem where I offered Prayer and now I am offering the dawn Prayer with you." Hadrat Umm Hāni”, as Hind bint Abi Talib was called, begged him not to tell the people, "Because they will regard you a liar and harm you." He said, "By God, I will tell them." ra (As-Sıratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Vol. 1, p. 267) 77

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78. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa $8 ra га. When the Holy Prophet told the Quraish that he had visited Jerusalem during the night the Quraish mocked him and mentioned it to Hadrat Abu Bakr“. Hadrat Abū Bakr" responded, "If he says so, then it is true." This earned Hadrat Abu Bakr the title of Siddique (the truthful) from the Holy Prophet. sa га (As-Siratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham,, Vol. 1, p. 399; Usdul Ghabah,. Ibn Athir, Vol. 3, p. 21 Dhikr ‘Abdullah bin Uthman bin ‘Amir [Abū. Bakr]) sa. The journey of the Holy Prophet" from Mecca to Jerusalem is called Isra' and his ascension from Jerusalem to heaven is called the Mi'raj. Both these events are known as the 'Night Journey'. sa. The extraordinary night journey of the Holy Prophet to. Jerusalem is described in the Holy Qur'an as follows: سُبْحَنَ الَّذِي أَسْرَى بِعَبْدِهِ لَيْلاً مِّنَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ الْأَقْصَا الَّذِي بُرَكْنَا حَوْلَهُ لِنُرِيَهُ مِنْ أَيْتِنَا ، إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْبَصِيرُ ) subḥānalladhi asra bi ‘abdihi lailamminal masjidil ḥarāmi ilal masjidil aqṣalladhī bāraknā ḥaulahū li nuriyahū min āyātina innahū huwassami‘ul başir. Glory be to Him Who took His servant along by night from the Sacred. Mosque to the Distant Mosque, the environs of which We have blessed, that We might show him some of Our Signs. Surely, He alone is the. Hearing, the Seeing. (17:2)

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa "The Distant Mosque" refers to Prophet Solomon's". Temple at Jerusalem.. Hadrat Mirzā Bashīruddin Maḥmūd Aḥmad, Khalifatul. Masih II" states that the above verse of the Holy Qur'ān which sa seems to mention a vision of the Holy Prophet" is supposed by most Commentators of the Qur'an to refer to his Mi'raj (Spiritual. Ascension). Contrary to popular opinion we are inclined to the view that the verse deals with the Isra' (Spiritual Night Journey) of the Holy Prophet in a vision from Mecca to Jerusalem, while his. Mi'raj (Spiritual Ascension) has been dealt with at some length in. Surah Al-Najm. sa as وَهُوَ بِالْأُفُقِ الْأَعْلَى ) ثُمَّ دَنَا فَتَدَلَّى o فَكَانَ قَابَ قَوْسَيْنٍ 0 أو اذنى ( فَأَوْحَى إِلى عَبْدِهِ مَا أَوْحَى ) مَا كَذَبَ الْفُؤَادُ مَا رَأى ٥ أَفَتُمُرُونَهُ عَلَى مَا يَرُى O وَلَقَدْ رَأَهُ نَزْلَةٌ أُخْرُى 0 عِندَ 0 سِدْرَةِ الْمُنْتَهى 0 عِنْدَهَا جَنَّةُ الْمَأوى 0 إِذْ يَغْشَى السّدْرَةَ مَا يَغْشُى 0 مَا زَاغَ الْبَصَرُ وَمَا طَغَى 0 wa huwa bil ufuqil a‘Ta thumma danā fatadalla fakāna qāba qausainin au adnā fa auḥā iſa ‘abdihī mā auḥā mā kadhabal fu'adu mă ra-ã afatumārūnahū ‘ala ma yara walaqad ra-āhu nazlatan ukhra 'inda sidratil muntahä ‘indahā jannatul ma'wa idh yaghshassidrata ma yaghsha ma zaghal baṣaru wama tagha. When he was at the loftiest horizon. Then he drew nearer to God, then he came down to mankind. So that he became, as it were, one chord to two bows or closer still. Then He revealed to His servant that which He 79

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80. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa revealed. The heart of the Prophet lied not regarding what he saw. Will you then dispute with him about what he saw? And certainly, he saw Him a second time also. Near the farthest lote-tree. Near which is the Garden of Eternal Abode. This was when that which covers covered the. Lote-tree. The eye deviated not, nor did it wander. (53:8-18) sa. All the facts, mentioned in Surah Al-Najm which was revealed immediately after the Emigration to Abyssinia which took place in the month of Rajab in the 5th year of the Call, are to be found narrated in detail in the traditions which deal with the Mi'rāj of the Holy Prophet". The Isra' or the Spiritual Night Journey of the Holy Prophet" from Mecca to Jerusalem, with which the present verse deals, took place in the eleventh year of the Call, according to Zurqānī, and in the 12th year according to Muir and some other Christian writers. According to Merdawaih and Ibn. Sa'd, however, the Isra' took place on the 17th of Rabi' Al-Awwal, a year before Hijrah. (Ibn Sa'd's Al-Tabaqat Al-Kabir, Translation by Moʻinul Haq, Kifab. Bhavan, New Delhi, India, Vol. 1, p. 247; Al-Khaṣāis Al-Kubra, Suyūtī) sa. Baihaqi also relates that the Isra' took place a year or six months before the Hijrah. Thus all relevant traditions go to show that the Isra' took place a year or six months prior to Hijrah about the 12th year of the Call when after the death of Hadrat Khadijah", which took place in the 10th year of the Call, the Holy Prophet was living with Hadrat Umm Hāni", his cousin. But the Mi'raj, according to overwhelming scholarly opinion, took place about the 5th year of the Call. Thus, the two incidents are separated from each other by an interval of six or seven years and, therefore, cannot be identical; the one must be regarded as quite distinct and separate from the other. Moreover, the incidents which are mentioned in the Traditions to have taken place in the Prophet's". Mi'raj, are of quite a distinct nature from those which took place in his Isra' sa

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Sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Ascension to Heaven (Mi'raj) sa. The ascension of the Holy Prophet" to heaven (Mi'raj) is described in the following tradition of the Holy Prophet": sa sa sa ra ra sa. Anas bin Malik from Mālik bin Sa'sa‘a" narrated that the. Messenger of Allāh described to them his night journey saying, "While I was lying in Al-Hatim or Al-Hijr, suddenly someone came to me and cut my body open from here to here. I asked Al-Järūd who was by my side, 'What does he mean?' He said: 'It means from his throat to his pubic area', or said, 'From the top of the chest.' The. Holy Prophet further said, 'He then took out my heart. Then a gold tray full of Belief was brought to me and my heart was washed and was filled (with Belief) and then returned to its original place. Then a white animal which was smaller than a mule and bigger than a donkey was brought to me.' On this Al-Jārūd asked, 'Was it the. Buraq, O Abū Ḥamzah?' Anas replied in the affirmative. The Holy. Prophet said, 'The animal's step (was so wide that it) reached the farthest point within the reach of the animal's sight. I was carried on it, and Gabriel set out with me till we reached the nearest heaven. When he asked for the gate to be opened it was asked, 'Who is it?' Gabriel answered, 'Gabriel.' It was asked, 'Who is accompanying you?' Gabriel replied, 'Muhammad'. It was asked, 'Has Muḥammad been called?' Gabriel replied in the affirmative.. Then it was said, 'He is welcomed.' What an excellent visit his is!. The gate was opened, and when I went over the first heaven, I saw. Adam there. Gabriel said (to me), 'This is your father, Adam convey him your greetings.' So I greeted him and he returned the greeting to me and said, 'You are welcomed, O pious son and. Prophet.' Then Gabriel ascended with me till we reached the second heaven. Gabriel asked for the gate to be opened. It was asked, Who is it?' Gabriel answered, 'Gabriel.' It was asked, 'Who is accompanying you?' Gabriel replied, 'Muḥammad.' It was asked,. Has he been called?' Gabriel answered in the affirmative. Then it was said, 'He is welcomed.' What an excellent visit his is! The gate 81

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82. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa was opened. When I went over the second heaven, there I saw. Yahya (John) and ‘Īsā (Jesus) who were cousins of each other.. Gabriel said (to me), 'These are John and Jesus; convey them your greetings.' So I greeted them and both of them returned my greetings to me and said, 'You are welcomed, O pious brother and pious Prophet.' Then Gabriel ascended with me to the third heaven and asked for its gate to be opened. It was asked, 'Who is it?". Gabriel replied, 'Gabriel.' It was asked, 'Who is accompanying you?' Gabriel replied, 'Muḥammad.' It was asked, 'Has he been called?' Gabriel replied in the affirmative. Then it was said, 'He is welcomed.' What an excellent visit his is! The gate was opened, and when I went over the third heaven) there I saw Joseph. Gabriel said (to me), 'This is Joseph; convey him your greetings.' So I greeted him and he returned the greeting to me and said, 'You are welcomed, O pious brother and pious Prophet. Then Gabriel ascended with me to the fourth heaven and asked for its gate to be opened. It was asked, 'Who is it?' Gabriel replied, 'Gabriel.' It was asked, 'Who is accompanying you?' Gabriel replied, 'Muḥammad.'. It was asked, 'Has he been called?' Gabriel replied in the affirmative. Then it was said, 'He is welcomed.' What an excellent visit his is! The gate was opened, and when I went over the fourth heaven, there I saw Idris. Gabriel said (to me), 'This is Idrīs; convey him your greetings.' So I greeted him and he returned the greeting to me and said, You are welcomed, O pious brother and pious Prophet. Then Gabriel ascended with me to the fifth heaven and asked for its gate to be opened. It was asked, 'Who is it?'. Gabriel replied, 'Gabriel.' It was asked, Who is accompanying. you?' Gabriel replied, 'Muhammad.' It was asked, 'Has he been called?' Gabriel replied, in the affirmative. Then it was said, 'He is welcomed.' What an excellent visit his is! So when I went over the fifth heaven. There I saw Hārün (i.e., Aaron). Gabriel said (to me), 'This is Aaron; pay him your greetings.' I greeted him and he returned greeting to me and said, 'You are welcomed, O pious brother and pious Prophet.' Then Gabriel ascended with me to the sixth heaven and asked for its gate to be opened. It was asked, 'Who is it?' Gabriel replied, 'Gabriel.' It was said, 'He is welcomed.'

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa. What an excellent visit his is! When I went (over the sixth heaven), there I saw Moses. Gabriel said (to me), this is Moses pay him your greeting.' So I greeted him and he returned the greetings to me and said, 'You are welcomed, O pious brother and pious Prophet.' When. I left him (i.e., Moses) he wept. Someone asked him, What makes you weep? Moses said, 'I weep because after me there has been sent (as Prophet) a young man whose followers will enter Paradise in greater number than my followers.' Then Gabriel ascended with me to the seventh heaven and asked for its gate to be opened. It was asked, 'Who is it?' Gabriel replied, Gabriel.' It was asked, 'Who is accompanying you?' Gabriel replied. 'Muḥammad'. I was asked, 'Has he been called?' Gabriel replied in the affirmative. Then it was said, 'He is welcomed.' What an excellent visit his is! So when I went (to the seventh heaven), there I saw Abraham. Gabriel said (to me), 'This is your father pay your greetings to him.' So I greeted him and he returned the greetings to me and said, 'You are welcomed, O pious son and pious Prophet.' Then I was made to ascend to Sidratul Muntaña (i.e., the Lote Tree of the farthest limit).. Behold! Its fruits were like the jars of Hajr (a place near Medina) and its leaves were as big as the ears of elephants. Gabriel said, "This is the Lote Tree of the farthest limit. Behold! There ran four rivers, two were hidden and two were visible. I asked, 'What are these two kinds of rivers, O Gabriel?' He replied, 'As for the hidden rivers, they are two rivers in Paradise, and the visible rivers are the. Nile and the Euphrates.' Then Al-Baitul Ma'mur (i.e., the Sacred. House) was shown to me and a container full of wine and another full of milk and a third full of honey were brought to me. I took the milk. Gabriel remarked, 'This is the Islamic religion which you and your followers are following. Then the prayers were enjoined on me: They were fifty prayers a day. When I returned, I passed by. Moses who asked (me), 'What have you been ordered to do?' I replied, 'I have been ordered to offer fifty prayers a day.' Moses said, 'Your followers cannot bear fifty prayers a day, and by Allah, I have tested people before you, and I have tried my level best with. Bani Israel (in vain). Go back to your Lord and ask for reducing your followers burden.' So I went back, and Allah reduced ten 83

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sa 84. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa prayers for me. Then again I came to Moses, but he repeated the same as he had said before. Then again I went back to Allāh and He reduced ten more prayers. When I came back to Moses he said the same, I went back to Allāh and He ordered me to observe ten prayers a day. When I came back to Moses, he repeated the same advice, so I went back to Allah and was ordered to observe five prayers a day. When I came back to Moses, he said, 'What have you been ordered.' I replied, 'I have been ordered to observe five prayers a day.' He said, 'Your followers cannot bear five prayers a day, and no doubt, I have got an experience of the people before you, and I have tried my level best with Bani Isrā'īl, so go back to your Lord and ask for reducing your follower's burden.' I said, 'I have requested so much of my Lord that I feel ashamed, but I am satisfied now and surrender to Allāh's Order. When I left, I heard a voice saying, I have passed My Order and have reduced the burden of my Worshippers.' ! " sa (Sahih Bukhari, Kitab Manaqibul Anșăr, Bab al-Mi'raj; Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim,. Kitabul Iman, Bab al-Isra'i bi rasulillahi ilassamāwāti fardissalawati; Za'd al-Ma'ad, Vo. 2, p.49) wa. In addition to strong historical evidence, other relevant circumstances lend support to the view that the two incidents were quite distinct and separate from each other: (a) (b) за. The Qur'an gives an account of the Holy Prophet's™ Mi'raj (Spiritual Ascension) in Chapter 53, but makes no reference to his Isra' (Night Journey to Jerusalem), while in the present Surah it speaks of his Isra' but omits all allusion to his Mi'raj. ra sa Ḥaḍrat Umm Hāni"", the Holy Prophet's cousin with whom he was staying on the night when the Isra' (Spiritual. Night Journey to Jerusalem) took place speaks only of his visit to Jerusalem and makes no mention of his journey to the heavens. She was the first person whom the Holy

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa (c) sa sa ra. Prophet informed of his Night Journey to Jerusalem and at least seven collectors of Traditions have given her account of the incident on the authority of four different reporters who have reported the incident from her. All these four reporters concur in saying that the Holy Prophet" went to. Jerusalem and returned to Mecca the same night. If the. Holy Prophet had spoken of his Ascension to the heavens also, Hadrat Umm Hāni" could not have failed to refer to it in one or other of her reports. But she does not do so in any of her reports, which conclusively shows that during the night in question the Holy Prophet" made the Isra' or the. Spiritual Night Journey to Jerusalem only and that the. Mi'raj did not take place on that occasion. It seems that some reporters of Traditions mixed up the two accounts of the Isra' and the Mi'raj. The confusion appears to have arisen from the word Isra' (Night Journey) having been used both for the Isra' and the Mi'raj; and the resemblance that existed in some of the details in the descriptions of the. Isra' and the Mi'raj heightened and confirmed it. as sa as sa as as. The Traditions which first give an account of the Holy. Prophet's visit to Jerusalem and then of his transportation from Jerusalem to heaven also state that at Jerusalem he met the former Prophets, including Adam", Abraham,. Moses and Jesus", and that in the heavens he met the same. Prophets again but did not recognize them. How did these. Prophets whom he had met at Jerusalem reach the heavens before him and why could he not recognize them while he had seen them only a short while ago in the course of the same journey. It is inconceivable that he should have failed to recognize them when he had met them only a short while ago in the course of the same journey. For a detailed discussion of this important subject see: “The Larger Edition of the Commentary of the Holy Qur'an, pp. 1404-1409," 85

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86. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa sa. The Vision of the Holy Prophet" referred to in the verse 17:2 of the Holy Qur'an: سُبْحَنَ الَّذِي أَسْرَى بِعَبْدِهِ لَيْلاً مِّنَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ إِلَى ط الْمَسْجِدِ الْأَقْصَا الَّذِي بُرَكْنَا حَوْلَهُ لِنُرِيَهُ مِنْ أَيْتِنَا إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْبَصِيرُ ) subhanalladhi asra bi ‘abdihi lailamminal masjidil harami ilal masjidil aqṣalladhi bāraknä haulahū li nuriyahū min āyātina innahū huwassami'ul başir implied a great prophecy. His journey to "The Distant Mosque" meant his Emigration to Medina where he was to build a Mosque which was destined to become later on the Central Mosque of. Islām, and his seeing himself in the Vision that he was leading other Prophets of God in Prayers signified that the new faith, Islām was not to remain confined to the place of its birth but was to spread all over the world and the followers of all religions were to join its fold. His going to Jerusalem in the Vision may also be understood to mean that he was to be given dominion over the territory in which Jerusalem was situated. This prophecy was fulfilled during the Caliphate of Hadrat ‘Umar". The Vision may also be taken as referring to a spiritual journey of the Holy. Prophet to a distant land in some future time. It meant that when spiritual darkness would envelop the entire world, the Holy. Prophet would appear in a spiritual sense a second time in the person of one of his followers, in a land far away from the scene of his First Advent. A pointed reference to this Second Advent of the. Holy Prophet is to be found in 62:3-4: sa sa sa га

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa هُوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ فِي الْأُمِّيِّنَ رَسُوْلًا مِّنْهُمْ يَتْلُوْا عَلَيْهِمْ أَيْتِهِ وَيُزَكِّيْهِمْ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتب وَالْحِكْمَةَ ، وَ إِنْ كَانُوْا مِنْ قَبْلُ لَفِي ŏ ضَلُلٍ مُّبِيْنِ لا وَ أَخَرِيْنَ مِنْهُم لَمَّا يَلْحَقُوْا بِهِمْ ، وَهُوَ الْعَزِيْزُ الْحَكِيمُ 0 huwalladhi baʻatha fil ummiyyina rasūlamminhum yatlū ‘alaihim ayatihi wa yuzakkihim wa yu'allimuhumul kitaba wal hikmata wa in kānū min qablu lafi dalalimmubin wa ākharīna minhum lamma yalḥaqū bihim wa huwal ‘azizul ḥakim. He it is Who has raised among the Unlettered people a Messenger from among themselves who recites unto them His Signs, and purifies them, and teaches them the Book and wisdom, although they had been, before, in manifest misguidance. And among others from among them who have not yet joined them. He is the Mighty, the Wise. (62:3-4) (Short Commentary of the Holy Qur'an by Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin. Mahmud Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih II ) ra sa. It may also be stated here that the two incidents were only spiritual phenomena and that the Holy Prophet" did not physically go up to heaven or travel to Jerusalem.. Hadrat Ibn 'Abbās thinks the incidents were visions of the. Holy Prophet: عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ رَأَىهُ بِفُؤَادِهِ مَرَّتَيْنِ 87

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa ‘anibni ‘abbāsin qāla ra-āhu bifu'ādihì marrataini sa. Hadrat Ibn 'Abbās relates that the Holy Prophet saw God Almighty twice with his heart. (Sahih Muslim, Kitābul Īmān, Bāb ma‘nā qaulillahi ‘azza wa jalla wa sa hall ra-annabiyyu" rabbahū lailatul isrā'a). Hadrat 'A'ishah states: مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا له رَأَى رَبَّهُ فَقَدْ أَعْظَمَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْفِرْيَةَ ... اَوَلَمْ تَسْمَعْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُوْلُ: لَاتُدْرِكُهُ الْأَبْصَارُ وَهُوَ يُدْرِكُ الْأَبْصَارَ ... ز 88 man za'ama anna muḥammadan ra-ā rabbahū faqad a‘zama ‘alallahil firyata ... awalam tasma‘u annallaha ‘azza wa jalla yaqūlu la tudrikuhul abṣāru wa huwa yudrikul abṣāra ... sa. The one who claims that the Holy Prophet saw his Lord, he would have forged a great lie against Allāh ... Did not you hear that God Almighty says, "Eyes (of the people) cannot reach Him but He reaches the eyes..." (6:104) (Sahih Muslim, Kifabul Ïmān, Bab ma'nā qaulillahi ‘azza wa jalla wa hall ra-annabiyyu rabbahū lailatul isra'a) sa. Sa. The disbelievers of Mecca had demanded from the Holy. Prophet that if he would go to the heaven and bring for them a. Book only then will they believe in him. Upon this God Almighty told the Holy Prophet" to say that Holy is He from such things.. That is He has never taken anyone with a human body to the sa

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa heavens and I am just a human being and a Messenger. This is stated in the Holy Qur'an as: أَوْ تَرْقُى فِى السَّمَاءِ ، وَلَنْ نُّؤْمِنَ لِرُقِيِّكَ حَتَّى تُنَزِّلَ عَلَيْنَا كِتَابًا نَّقْرَؤُه ، قُلْ سُبْحَانَ رَبِّي هَلْ كُنْتُ إِلَّا بَشَرًا رَّسُوْلاً ) au tarqa fissamā'i wa lannu'mina liruqiyyika hatta tunazzila ‘alainā kitabannnaqra'uhū qul subḥāna rabbi hal kuntu illa bashararrasūla. Or you ascend up into heaven; and we will not believe in your ascension until you send down to us a book that we can read. Say, 'Holy is my Lord!. I am not but a man sent as a Messenger.' (17:94) sa. The following Hadith mentioned in Sahih Bukhari clearly shows that the whole experience was spiritual. In the beginning of the Hadith it has been stated that the Holy Prophet" was asleep in the Masjidul Haram. His eyes were closed but his heart was awake.. Then the Hadith ends in the words that the Holy Prophet woke up and he was in the Masjidul Haram. So it clearly proves that the whole vision was seen by his heart while his eyes were sleeping. sa يرى قَلْبُهُ وَتَنَامُ عَيْنُهُ وَلَا وَهُوَ نَائِمُ فِى الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَام يَنَامُ قَلْبُهُ • • وَاسْتَيْقَظَ وَهُوَ فِي مَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ wa huwa na'imun fil masjidil harami... yara qalbuhū wa tanāmu ‘ainuhū wa la yanāmu qalbuhū wastaiqaza wa huwa fil masjidil harami ... 89

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go 90. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa. And he was sleeping in the sacred Mosque of the Ka'bah... His heart was watching and his eyes were sleeping. And his heart was not sleeping .... When he woke up he was in the sacred Mosque of the Ka'bah. (Sahih Bukhari, Kitābut Tauhid, Bab qaulihi: wa kallamallahu Mūsā taklımā) ra. Hadrat 'A'ishah Siddiqa" says, "By God Almighty, The body of the Holy Prophet did not disappear during the ascension. sa وَ اللهِ مَا فُقِدَ جَسَدَ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ وَلَكِنْ عُرِجَ بِرُوحِهِ wallahi ma fugida jasada rasulillahi wa lakin ‘urija bi rūhihi. Sa. By Allāh! (During ascension) The body of the Holy Prophet did not disappear and his ascension was through his spirit. (Tafsir al-Kashshāf, Vol. 3, p. 416)

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa 6. Migration to Medina. Migration of Early Muslims to Medina sa. The followers of the Holy Prophet" had started moving from. Mecca to Medina in large numbers before the migration of the Holy. Prophet. When the hardships increased, the migration process slowly accelerated. Sometimes a whole lane of houses would be emptied in the course of a night. In the morning the Meccans would find out that the occupants of the houses had migrated to Medina. sa. After enduring thirteen years of unimaginable suffering at the hand of the fledgling religion's enemies, the Holy Prophet" left Mecca under. Divine guidance. He migrated to Medina, where the first Muslim community was already established by some of his followers who had migrated earlier. sa. Hadrat A'ishah, wife of the Holy Prophet relates about her father, Hadrat Abū Bakr: ra sa "Ever since I reached the age of discretion, I found my parents to be Muslim. There was not a day when the Holy Prophet did not visit our house, either in the morning or in the evening. When the Muslims experienced severe trials and oppressions by the infidels that had made the lives of the Muslims unbearable, like many others, Hadrat Abu Bakr also left his home with the intention to migrate to Abyssinia. When he reached a place called, 'Bark al-Ghimad', Ibn Daghinah, a leader of the Qarah tribe, ra 91

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa ra ra ra met him. He asked, 'Abū Bakr"! Where are you going?' Hadrat Abū Bakr responded, 'My people have expelled me. So, I wish to travel around the world and worship Allāh.' Ibn Daghinah said: 'O Abu Bakr! A person like you should neither leave the city nor be expelled by others. You try to reestablish lost virtues, strengthen the ties of kinship, help the poor and the weak; you are hospitable to guests, and you are always ready to help the people in need. I give you my protection. Go back to your home and worship Allah. Hadrat Abu Bakr", therefore, returned home in the company of Ibn Daghinah. In the evening, Ibn Daghinah, roamed around the town and met elders and the revered people of the 'Quraish'. He told them: 'Such a valuable person like Abu Bakr should not leave town. You are expelling a person who reestablishes lost virtues, strengthens the ties of kinship, helps the poor and the weak; he is hospitable to guests and is always ready to help people in need.' The Quraish did not belie what Ibn.. Daghinah had said about Ḥaḍrat Abū Bakr and accepted his guarantee of protection given to Ḥaḍrat Abū Bakr". However, they asked him to tell. Hadrat Abu Bakr" that he should worship, offer Prayers and recite whatever he likes in his home. He should not hurt their feelings with it, and should not do it in public. We fear that he may influence their women and children. ra ra га га га. Accordingly, Ibn Daghinah told Hadrat Abu Bakr" what the. Quraish had said to him. Ḥadrat Abū Bakr worshipped Allāh at home and did not offer his Prayers in public and he did not recite the Holy Qur'ān outside his home. After sometime, Hadrat Abu Bakr reflected over the situation. He built a mosque in his home and started to offer Prayers and recite the Holy Qur'an in his mosque. Soon women and children of the polytheists started to gather around him in large numbers. They were amazed to see him. As Hadrat Abu Bakr had no control over his emotions while reciting the Holy Qur'an, he wept profusely. Seeing this, the leaders of the Quraish became nervous, and they talked with Ibn Daghinah about it. They told him: 'We had accepted your guarantee of protection to Ḥadrat. Abu Bakr on the condition that he would worship, and offer Prayers and 92 га ra

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa ra sa recite the Qur'an in his house and not in public. However, he has failed to follow the conditions of the protection. He has built a mosque in his house and worships his Lord openly. We fear that our women and children will be affected by this. Ask him to refrain from worshipping in his mosque. If he agrees to worship within his house, he can stay under your protection.. Otherwise, ask him to surrender your guarantee of protection to you. We do not want to disgrace the guarantee of protection given to him by you. At the same time, we cannot let Abu Bakr practice his beliefs openly.' Hadrat ‘Ā'ishah says, 'Ibn Daghinah came to Abu Bakr and said, 'You know the conditions under which I had given you my protection. Either adhere to the conditions or surrender my protection, because I do not like people saying that my protection has been dishonored.' Hadrat Abu Bakr told him that he was surrendering his guarantee of protection and that he was happy to be under the protection and security of Allāh. ra ra ra ra ra ra. In those days, the Holy Prophet" was in Mecca. He had told the. Muslims that in his dream he had seen the place of migration. The place had date orchards and lay between two valleys. Thus, a few Companions of the Holy Prophet" migrated to Medina and some of those who had migrated earlier to Abyssinia also moved to Medina. Hadrat Abu Bakr also started to prepare for migration to Medina. When the Holy Prophet" came to know that Hadrat Abu Bakr intended to migrate to Medina, he told him to wait, because he thought he would also be given permission by God. Almighty to migrate. Hadrat Abū Bakr said, 'May my father and mother be sacrificed for you! Do you really hope so?' The Holy Prophet said, 'Yes.' Thus, Hadrat Abu Bakr stopped making preparations for migration so that he could migrate along with the Holy Prophet". Furthermore, he made ready two camels in excellent condition for travelling by keeping them at home for four months and feeding them leaves of the acacia tree.' га га sa sa 1 " (Ibn Sa'd's Al-Tabaqat Al-Kabir, Translation by Moʻinul Haq, Kitab Bhavan, New. Delhi, India, Vol. 1, pp. 263-266; Ṣaḥiḥ Bukhārī, Kitābul Manāqibul Anṣār, Bāb. Hijratun Nabi wa Ashabihi ilal Medina) $8 93

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. The First Covenant of ‘Aqabah sa. At the time of Hajj, while preaching, the Holy Prophet met a group of people who had come from Medina. He conveyed to them the message of Islām and asked them to accept it. They accepted his invitation and became Muslim. When they returned to Medina they conveyed the message of Islām to other members of their clan and urged them to accept the new faith. sa. In 621 AD, twelve people came from Medina at the time of Ḥajj.. The Holy Prophet" conveyed the message of Islām to them and entered into an agreement with them. The agreement took place at a place called ‘Aqabah. Thus the agreement became to be known as the Covenant of ‘Aqabah. In the agreement they agreed to worship one God and to obey. His commandments. They further agreed not to steal, not to tell lies, not to commit adultery, kill their children, or commit any evil act and not to disobey the Holy Prophet". The Holy Prophet" sent Hadrat Mus'ab ibn 'Umair with them to teach the Holy Qur'ān and the teachings of Islām.. Soon the inhabitants of Yathrib started to accept Islām at his hand. The next year Hadrat Muş'ab" came to Mecca and gave the good news that many people belonging to both the Aus and the Khazraj tribes had entered the fold of Islam and were eagerly learning the precepts of Islām. га sa sa. S& (Sirah Ibne Hisham, Biography of the Prophet, Abridged by 'Abdus Salam. Harun, pp. 84-85, Al-Falah Foundation, Cairo, Egypt). The Second Covenant of ‘Aqabah. The next year, in 622 AD, a second covenat was signed at ‘Aqabah with the people from Medina. This time 73 Muslims out of which 62 belonged to the Khazraj tribe and 11 to the Aus tribe came from Medina.. The party included two women, Nusaybah, the daughter of Ka'b and ‘Asma, the daughter of ‘Amr. They had been taught Islām by Ḥadrat 94

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa га sa sa sa. Muş'ab and were full of faith and determination. They met the Holy. Prophet. During the night they reached the appointed place and waited for the Holy Prophet. The Holy Prophet* came with Ḥadrat ‘Abbās" who was the head of Banu Hashim and Banū ‘Abd Manāf at that time. They swore allegiance to the Holy Prophet". This was basically an extension of the earlier agreement. In this agreement they agreed to protect and help the. Holy Prophet under all circumstances as they protect their own family members. All the drawbacks of signing this agreement were fully explained to them. They listened to all the drawbacks of the agreement to them and agreed to bear all the adverse consequences wholeheartedly. This covenant included clauses about wars they might have to face and that under all circumstances they would protect the Holy Prophet". The Holy. Prophet told the party that he would go to Medina if they would hold. Islām as dear as they hold their wives and children. All in the party with one voice said, 'Yes, Yes'. sa sa. Conditions of the Last Pledge of ‘Aqabah sa Ḥaḍrat 'Ubād ibn aṣ-Ṣāmit said, "We gave a pledge to the. Holy Prophet that we would listen and obey in time of plenty as well as in scarcity, under favorable and unfavorable circumstances, and that we would not prefer ourselves to the other Muslims, and that we would not disagree with those who are in authority, and that we would speak the truth wherever we are, and that we would never fear the blame of the blamers.' 98 (Sirah Ibne Hisham, Biography of the Prophet, Abridged by 'Abdus Salam. Harūn, pp. 85-89, Al-Falaḥ Foundation, Cairo, Egypt) (For more information on the first and second Pledges of 'Aqabah, see: Sirah. Ibn Hisham, 2/54; Al-Tabari, 2/355; Al-Kamil fit-Tarikh, 2/67; Al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, 2/67; 'Uyün Al-Athat, 2/155) 95

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Migration of the Holy Prophets to Medina. A Plan to Assassinate the Holy Prophetsa. When the Quraish realized that they could not stop the tide of conversion, and migration of the Muslims to Medina they became furious and their chiefs, such as Abū Jahl, Abū Lahab, Abū Sufyān, and 'Utbah gathered at Darun-Nadwah and, after rejecting suggestions to imprison or banish Muḥammad", they planned to assassinate him. In order to escape the vendetta of Banu Hashim, they decided that every clan would provide one man, and that they would collectively assault the Holy Prophet". God. Almighty informed the Holy Prophet*" about their hideous plan. When the. Holy Prophet learned of their evil intentions, he made a plan to leave the house at a time about which the enemy could not perceive. The Holy. Prophet confided his plan to Hadrat ‘Ali and made him cover himself with his mantle and told him to sleep in his place on the bed. sa sa sa ra. God Almighty states in the Holy Qur'ān: وَ إِذْ يَمْكُرُ بِكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِيُثْبِتُوكَ أَوْ يَقْتُلُوْكَ أَوْ يُخْرِجُوكَ ، وَ يَمْكُرُونَ وَيَمْكُرُ اللهُ ، وَ اللهُ خَيْرُ الْمَكِرِينَ ) ط 0 wa idh yamkuru bi kalladhīna kafarū liyuthbitūka au yaqtulūka au yukhrijūka wa yamkurūna wa yamkurullahu wallahu khairul makirin. And remember the time when the disbelievers plotted against you that they might imprison you or kill you or expel you. And they planned and Allāh also planned, and Allāh is the Best of planners. (8:31) sa. The Quraish men assigned to kill the Holy Prophet" thought that the Holy Prophet" was sleeping on the bed and kept an eye on the bed 96

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa ra "1 ra ra sa sa ra , while looking for an opportune time to kill him. The Holy Prophet™ quietly slipped out of house in the secrecy of night just before dawn and on the way he picked Ḥadrat Abu Bakr. They both took shelter in a nearby cave called Thaur". No one except the three children of Hadrat Abu Bakr. Hadrat Abdullah, Hadrat ‘A'ishah and Hadrat Asma', knew about their hideout. For two days and two nights, the Holy Prophet and Hadrat Abū. Bakr hid in the cave. On the third night, according to plan, the Holy. Prophet continued his journey towards Yathrib, where the people were eagerly awaiting his arrival. When he reached Yathrib, he decided to stop for a while in Qubā', a nearby village. He stayed in Quba 'for a few days and also laid down the foundation of the first mosque ever built by the. Muslims. After ensuing the work on the Qubā'mosque, Holy Prophet finally arrived in Medina. The prospect of having to leave Mecca was very painful to the Holy Prophet. However, the anguish was softened by the. Divine assurance that God Almighty would surely bring him back. sa sa sa , إِنَّ الَّذِي فَرَضَ عَلَيْكَ الْقُرْآنَ لَرَادُّكَ إِلَى مَعَادٍ innalladhi farada ‘alaikal qur'ana larādduka ila maʻād. Most surely He Who had made the teaching of the Qur'an binding on you will bring you back to your place of return. (28:86) ra sa. Hadrat 'A'ishah relates about the migration of the Holy Prophet": ra sa ra "While we were at home, around noon-time, one day someone informed Hadrat Abu Bakr that the Holy Prophet" was coming with his head covered with a sheet of cloth, whereas he never before came to our house at noon-time. Bewildered, Hadrat Abu Bakr" arose saying, 'My father and mother be sacrificed for the Holy Prophet. By God! There must be something very important which has brought the Holy Prophet" at this time.' sa 97

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa sa sa ra ra. When the Holy Prophet arrived, he asked permission to enter.. After getting permission, he entered the house and said to Hadrat Abū. Bakr, 'I have to talk to you about an important matter. Therefore, send the other people sitting here outside.' Ḥadrat Abu Bakr" said: 'My father and mother be sacrificed for you! No one is an outsider. Everyone belongs to your household.' Anyhow, the Holy Prophet told Hadrat Abu Bakr that he had been granted permission by God Almighty to migrate. Ḥadrat Abū. Bakr said, 'Will you please let me accompany you?' The Holy Prophet said, 'Yes.' Then Hadrat Abu Bakr said: 'My father and mother be sacrificed for you! Take one of these two camels.' The Holy Prophet said, 'Alright. However, I will pay for the camel.'" ra sa ra ra ra ra sa sa. Hadrat 'A'ishah says: "For the journey, we packed and provided provisions for both of them in a sack. My sister Asma' tore a portion of her waist band and tied the mouth of the sack with it. That is why she came to be known as 'Dhatun Nitaqain'. Hadrat ‘Ā'ishah" says: 'Both the Holy. Prophet and Ḥaḍrat Abū Bakr, after leaving Mecca, hid in a cave in the. Thaur mountain. They hid there for two to three nights. My brother 'Abdullah was quite young, strong, and efficient at that time. He used to mix with the Quraish of Mecca and memorize whatever he heard. At night, he used to go to the cave and give all the news. Just before dawn, while it was still dark, he used to come back to Mecca, as if he was in Mecca throughout the night. га га. Hadrat Abu Bakr had a slave, ‘Āmir bin Fuhairah, who used to take care of his goats. Around ‘Isha' Prayer time he used to bring goats near the cave and give fresh milk to the Holy Prophet and Ḥadrat Abū ra sa. Bakr for drinking. He also used to come back home just before the break of the dawn. He did so every night. sa та. The Holy Prophet and Hadrat Abu Bakr hired a person belonging to the 'Bani ad-Dail' tribe from the family of Bani 'Abd bin ‘Adī as an 98

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa expert guide. He was an expert in showing the way and knew every nook and cranny of the land, and he was in alliance with the family of Al-'As bin Wä'il As-Sahmi. Although he was on the religion of the infidels of. Quraish, he was a reliable person. Therefore, both the Holy Prophet™ and. Hadrat Abu Bakr charged their rides to him and told him to bring their rides near the cave of the mountain Thaur, early in the morning, after three days. Thus, The Holy Prophet", Hadrat Abu Bakr, ‘Amir bin Fuhairah, and the guide left the cave. The guide adopted the coastal route to travel. '" ra sa ra ,. Ibn Shahāb relates that ‘Abdur Raḥmān bin Mālik Mudlijī, nephew of Suraqah bin Mālik bin Ju'sham, told him that his father told him that he had heard from his brother, Surāqah: "Messengers from the infidels of. Quraish came to us and told us that the Quraish had fixed a bounty (of 100 camels) each, for bringing back the Holy Prophet and Hadrat Abū Bakr dead or alive. Surāqah said: 'One day, I was sitting in the company of my people when a person came and said: 'O Surāqah! I have seen some people travelling along the coastal route. I think that they were Muḥammad and his Companions.' Surāqah stated that he realized that the travelers were the party of Muḥammad; however, as a decoy he said: 'They can't be. Muḥammad and his party. You must have seen so and so who has just passed in front of us.' Anyway, I stayed for a short period of time in the company of my people and then silently slipped away to come to my home. I told my servant to bring my horse to the other side of the hillock and wait there till I come. Then I took my spear and left by the back door of my house dragging the lower end of the spear on the ground and keeping it low. Then I reached my horse. After mounting the horse I galloped swiftly. When I reached near the caravan of the Holy Prophet", my horse slipped and I fell down in front of the horse. I got up fast, reached for my quiver, and picked an arrow as an omen whether I would be able to cause these people loss or not. However, I got the omen that I did not like. I did not accept the bad omen and mounted the horse again.. The horse took me so near the caravan that I could hear the recitation of the Holy Qur'an by the Holy Prophet". The Holy Prophet" did not look back. However, Hadrat Abu Bakr" repeatedly looked back towards me. In ra sa 99

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa sa the meantime, both front feet of my horse sank up to the ankles in the ground. I got off the horse quickly and scolded the horse. The horse tried to get up and pull her feet out of the ground. When the horse pulled her feet out of the ground and stood up straight, a severe dust storm like rising smoke rose. At this, I again took an omen from my arrows. I picked the same arrow I had drawn the last time. At this, I called the caravan of the. Holy Prophet with a loud voice, and I bade them peace and security.. Hearing me, the caravan stopped. After mounting the horse, I reached near them. All that had happened to me while I was following the caravan had convinced me that the Holy Prophet" would definitely succeed and gain power. So I told the Holy Prophet that his people had fixed a bounty for capturing and bringing him to them. I told the Holy Prophet other matters including the intentions of his people. I told them that I wished to offer them some provisions for the journey and other things. The Holy Prophet™ did not accept my offer. However, he asked me to continue meeting them secretly and not to tell anyone. At this occasion, I also requested the Holy. Prophet to give an guarantee of peace and protection for me in writing.. The Holy Prophet told 'Amir bin Fuhairah to do so. He wrote a guarantee on a piece of leather. Then the Holy Prophet restarted travelling. 100 sa sa sa sa. SE. I" (Sahih Bukhari, Kitab Fada'il Ashabinnabi", Bab hijratun Nabi wa wa ashabihi ilal Madina) sa 81. Stay in the Cave Thaur During Migration to. Medina sa ra. In the evening, as soon as it became dark, the Holy. Prophet left his house and went to the house of Hadrat Abu Bakr.. The two then made their way out of Mecca and went up to one of the surrounding hills and took shelter in a cave called, "Thaur".. The cave had an entrance so narrow that a person had to lie flat and crawl into it. During the course of the night the young men of. Quraish who were assigned the task of killing the Holy Prophet sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa discovered that the Holy Prophet was no longer in the house. In the morning, these young men decided to search for the Holy. Prophet by following his footprints. Soon they realized that the sa sa. Sa. Holy Prophet had company as there were tracks of two men. The tracks led the enemies of Holy Prophet to the mouth of the cave where the tracks suddenly disappeared. They were puzzled by the sudden disappearance of the marks and the leader of the group said, "The fugitives have not gone any farther; they have either sunk into the earth or ascended into the sky." The other possibility he suggested was their taking refuge in the cave. However, the possibility of their taking refuge in the cave was ruled out as they thought it would be certain death to go inside the cave as poisonous vipers abounded inside and at the mouth of the cave. The leader of the search party had reached close to the entrance of the cave but did not go inside the cave. The other members of the search party asked him why he did not go inside the cave to look for the Holy. Prophet. He told them that the entrance was covered with cobwebs and there was a pigeon nest with a pair of pigeons and their eggs in it. No one could have gone inside the cave without destroying the cobweb and the pigeons' nest. Then, the party decided to leave the cave area. та sa. Hadrat Abu Bakr relates, "I was with the Holy Prophet in the cave. When I raised my head, I saw the feet of the people. I said, 'O Allah's Messenger! If some of them should look down, they will discover us.' The Holy Prophet said, 'O Abu Bakr! Be quiet. (For we are) two and Allāh is the Third One of them."" sa га (Sahih Bukhari, Kitab Fada'il Ashabinnabi", Bab hijratun Nabi wa га asḥabihi ilal Madına). The incident is stated in the Holy Qur'ān: إِلَّا تَنْصُرُوهُ فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ اللهُ إِذْ اَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِيْنَ كَفَرُوْا ثَانِيَ اثْنَيْنِ 101

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102. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa إِذْ هُمَا فِى الْغَارِ إِذْ يَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِهِ لا تَحْزَنْ إِنَّ اللهَ مَعَنَا، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَيَّدَهُ بِجُنُودٍ لَّمْ تَرَوْهَا وَجَعَلَ كَلِمَةَ الَّذِيْنَ كَفَرُوا السُّغْلى illa tanṣuruhu faqad naṣarahullahu idh akhraja hulladhina kafarū thaniyathnaini idh humā fil ghari idh yaqūlu li sahibihi la taḥzan innallaha ma'anā fa anzalallahu sakinatahū ‘alaihi wa ayyadahū bi junūdillam tarauha wa ja‘ala kalimatalladhīna kafarussufla. If you help him not, then know that Allāh helped him even when the disbelievers drove him forth while he was one of the two when they were both in the cave, when he said to his companion, 'Grieve not, for Allāh is with us.' Then Allāh sent down His peace on him, and strengthened him with hosts which you did not see, and humbled the word of those who disbelieved. (9:40) sa. After three nights in the cave of Thaur, they set off for. Medina. The Holy Prophet looked back at Mecca, bidding it a heartfelt farewell, then said: اِنّي لَأَخْرَجُ مِنْكِ ، وَإِنِّي لَأَعْلَمُ أَنَّكِ أَحَبُّ بِلادِ اللَّهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَأَكْرَمُهَا عَلَى اللهِ تَعَالَى ، وَلَوْ لاَ أَنَّ أَهْلَكِ أَخْرَجُوْنِيْ مِنْكِ مَا خَرَجْتُ مِنْكِ ، اَللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُمْ أَخْرَجُوْنِيْ مِنْ أَحَبِّ الْبِلادِ إِلَيَّ ، فَأَسْكِنِّي أَحَبِّ الْبِلادِ إِلَيْكَ

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa inni la ukhraju minki, wa inni la a'lamu annaki a-ḥabbu biladillahi ilallahi, wa akramuha ‘alallahi ta'ala, wa lau la anna ahlaki akhrajūnī minki mā karajtu minki, allahumma innaka ta'lamu annahum akhrajūni min a-ḥabbil biladi ilayya, fa askinni a-habbil biladi ilaika "I am leaving you, but I know that you are the most beloved of the land of Allāh to Allāh, and the dearest to Allah. Were it not that your people expelled me from you, I would not have left. O Allah, You know that they drove me out from the land that is most beloved to you.". On 12th Rabi ul Awwal, the Holy Prophet* reached Qubā', where he stayed for four days, and established the first mosque to be built in Islām. (As-Siratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham,, Vol. 2, p. 89; Ibn Sa'd's. Al-Tabaqat Al-Kabir, Vol. 1, p. 277; Al-Kamil fit-Tarikh Vol. 2, p. 71). Stop at the Camp of Umm Ma'bad sa га. During migration while travelling from Mecca to Medina when the Holy Prophet", Hadrat Abu Bakr and the guide reached the Caravan Camp of Umm Ma‘bad, they asked her for some dates.. However, at that time, she had none to offer them. Umm Ma'bad was a lady who used to offer water and food to travelers without sa any compensation. Then the Holy Prophet asked her for a little milk. She did not have even milk at that time to give to them. Her husband had taken all the healthy goats out to pasture. Only those goats which were too weak to walk and unable to give milk were left behind. The Holy Prophet" asked Umm Ma‘bd for permission to milk one of these goats. She said him to pick any one of the goats he liked. The Holy Prophet picked one of the goats, said, 'In the name of Allah', and started to milk the goat. Milk started to sa 103

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa flow. The Holy Prophet gave the first bowl full of milk to Umm. Ma'bd. He gave the second bowl to Ḥadrat Abu Bakr" and the third. Sa sa га bowl to the guide. The Holy Prophet" was the last to drink. Then the Holy Prophet milked the second goat and gave many bowls full of milk to Umm Ma'bad. When the husband of Umm Ma'bad returned home he was amazed to see so many bowls full of milk while he had left home only those goats which were too weak to walk and also unable to give milk. He asked his wife, "Where did the milk come from?" She told him that a blessed man came with two of his friends. The face of the blessed man was luminous like a full moon. When he was quiet, he was very dignified. When he spoke his words were like pearls. His friends obeyed him and listened to him most obediently. Her husband said, "He is the man the Quraish are looking for. Had I been here when he visited I would have accepted Islām. Let us follow him and accept Islam.". Thus, they followed the Holy Prophet" to Medina and accepted. Islām. sa (Ibn Sa'd's Al-Tabaqat Al-Kabir, Translation by Moʻinul Haq, Kitab. Bhavan, New Delhi, India, Vol. 1, pp. 267-269; Baihiqi in his Daſa'il al-Nubuwwah 9/491). Arrival of the Holy Prophets in Medina ra sa sa га sa. Ibn Shahāb relates that 'Urwah bin Zubair told him: "During this journey, Hadrat Zubair" who was coming back from Syria with a trade caravan also joined the Holy Prophet. Hadrat Zubair" presented white clothes as a gift to the Holy Prophet and Hadrat Abu Bakr", which they wore. Back in Medina, people had come to know that the Holy Prophet had left Mecca and was on his way to Medina where he was about to reach shortly. Therefore, every morning they came to Medina's high plane, an open space dotted with black stones called 'Harrah' and waited there for the. Holy Prophet. They used to leave by noon. One day, they stayed at the 104 sa

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58. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa open space for a long time before returning to their homes. They had just reached their homes when a Jew went to the top of a hillock for his own sa ra sa sa errand. He saw the Holy Prophet and his Companions" who were wearing bright white clothes coming towards the town. Slowly, their faces became clear. Seeing them, the Jew shouted involuntarily, 'O Arabs! Here is he for whom you have been waiting for days.' As soon as the Muslims heard him, they ran with their armaments towards the Holy Prophet and received him with great enthusiasm in the center of the 'Harrah.' The Holy Prophet along with all the Muslims turned to the right and stayed at the house of. Hadrat 'Umru bin ‘Auf". It was the second of Rabi‘ul Awwal. Hadrat Abū. Bakr talked with the people, while the Holy Prophet sat silently, constantly thinking. Those Ansar who had not seen the Holy Prophet thought Hadrat Abu Bakr was the Holy Prophet*. When sunshine warmed the side where the Holy Prophet" was sitting, Ḥadrat Abu Bakr provided ra га sa sa sa та sa shade over the Holy Prophet" with a sheet of cloth. Then the people realized that the person protected from the heat with a sheet was the Holy. Prophet*. The Holy Prophet" stayed at Banu ‘Amr bin 'Auf for more than ten days and there, in Quba', he laid the foundation of the first mosque to be built in Islām which is mentioned in the Holy Qur'ān: لَمَسْجِدُ أُسِسَ عَلَى التَّقْوَى la masjidun ussisa ‘alattaqwa. A mosque which was founded upon piety (9:108) (As-Siratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Vol. 2, p. 89; Al-Tabari, Vol. 2, p. 369;. Ibn Sa'd's Tabaqāt Al-Kabir Vol. 1, p.227). Construction of Masjid Nabawi sa. The Holy Prophet led the Prayer in the first mosque for a few 105

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa days. Then he mounted his camel and went to the town of Medina. His camel stopped and sat at the place where nowadays 'Masjid Nabawi' (Mosque of the Holy Prophet") is located. The Muslims started offering their Prayers at this place temporarily. It belonged to two orphan brothers named Suhail and Sahl and was used as an open land for drying fresh dates. The orphaned brothers belonging to the Banū Najjar tribe were living under the supervision of Asad bin Zurārah. sa sa sa sa. Anyhow, when the camel of the Holy Prophet rested on the land, the Holy Prophet" said: "This is our real destination." Then the Holy. Prophet called both children to whom the land belonged and discussed the price of the land so that a mosque could be built there. Both children told the Holy Prophet" that they presented the land to him as a gift.. However, the Holy Prophet" did not accept the gift. He bought the land by paying the price of the land and built a mosque there which is now known as 'Masjid Nabawi'. During construction of the mosque, the Holy Prophet", along with others, used to pick and carry bricks and recite the following couplet: sa. And also: هذَا الْحِمَالُ لَا حِمَالَ خَيْبَر هذَا أَبَرُّ رَبَّنَا وَ أَظْهَر é hādhal himālu ſa himāla khaibar hadha abarru rabbana wa athar. This is not the load of trading material from Khaibar. Rather, this is the load of righteousness for our Lord's pleasure 106 اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ الْآخِرَ أَجْرُ الْآخِرَه

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa فَارْحَمِ الَّا نُصَارَ وَالْمُهَاجِرَه sa allahumma innal ajra ajrul akhirah farḥamil anṣāra wal muhajirah. O Allah! The real reward is the reward of the next life. Bestow Your Mercy on Ansar and Mutatisın" (Sahih Bukhari, Kitābul Wa'il Al-Hatimi", Bab hijratun Nabi“ wa Al-Ḥatim ilal. Medina). The Masjid Nabawi' was a modest structure made of mud and bricks. The roof was made from leaves and trunks of date palms. The dimensions of the Holy Prophet's" mosque were as follows: Height, 10 feet; Length, 105 feet; Width, 90 feet. sa. Early Days of the Holy Prophets in Medina sa sa. The Muslims of Medina were extremely happy to receive the Holy. Prophet and his Companions". This emigration of the Holy Prophet* from. Mecca to Yathrib is called the Hijrah and took place in September 10, 622. AD. The Islamic Calendar (Hijri Calendar) dates from this event. Also, after the arrival of the Holy Prophet" the name Yathrib was changed to. Medinatun-Nabi (The city of the Prophet") and later it was shortened to. Medina. In Medina the Holy Prophet" stayed at the home of Hadrat Abū. Ayyub Anṣāri. Hadrat Abū Ayyub Anṣāri's" house was double-storied. He offered to let the Holy Prophet have the upper storey. But the Holy. Prophet preferred to have the lower storey for the convenience of his visitors. After his arrival in Medina the Holy Prophet", first of all, bought a piece of land in Medina and laid the foundation of a mosque, called, 'Masjid Nabawi' (The Holy Prophet's Mosque). sa sa sa sa 107

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. S8. Establishment of Fraternity Among Anṣār and. Muhajirīn sa. The faithful followers of the Holy Prophet" who had left their homes and other worldly possessions in Mecca and had come to Medina for the sake of Islām, were known as Muhajirin or Emigrants. The new sa converts at Medina, who helped the Prophet" at a most difficult time, were called by him Ansar or Helpers. The Ansar belonged to the tribes of 'Aus and Khazraj. Besides Ansar and Muhajirin, there were Jews from the tribes of Banū Qainuqā', Banū Naḍır and Banü Quraizah in Medina. Upon the arrival of the Muhajirin in Medina, the Holy Prophet" gathered the Anşăr and told them to become brothers of the Muhajirin. The Ansar decided to share their property and other belongings with their Muhajirīn brothers.. They exhibited the real spirit of brotherhood.. God Almighty says in the Holy Qur'ān: sa اِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَهَاجَرُوا وَجْهَدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ فِي سَبِيْلِ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِيْنَ أَوَوْا وَ نَصَرُوا الْيْكَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ ، وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَمْ يُهَاجِرُوْا مَا لَكُمْ مِّنْ وَ لَا يَتِهِم مِّنْ شَيْءٍ حَتَّى يُهَاجِرُوا وَ اِنِ اسْتَنْصَرُوْكُمْ فِى الدِّيْنِ فَعَلَيْكُمُ النَّصْرُ إِلَّا عَلَى قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيْثَاقٌ ، وَاللهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ 0 innalladhīna āmanū wa hajarū wa jahadū bi amwalihim wa anfusihim fi sabilillahi walladhīna awawwa naṣarū uſa'ika baʻḍuhum auliya'u ba‘ḍ walladhīna āmanū wa lam yuhājirū mā 108

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa wa lakummiñwwa la la yatihimmin shai'in hatta yuhajirū inistanṣarūkum fiddini fa 'alaikumunnaṣru illa ‘ala qaumim bainakum wa bainahum mīthāq wallahu bimā ta‘malūna başır. Surely, those who have believed and left their homes and striven with their property and their persons for the cause of Allāh, and those who have given them shelter and help - are indeed mutual friends. But as for those who have believed but have not left their homes, you are not at all responsible for their protection untill they leave their homes. But if they seek your help in the matter of religion, then it is your duty to help them, except against a people between whom and yourselves there is a treaty. And Allah sees what you do. (8:73) га sa sa. Hadrat Anas bin Mālik" relates, "At the time the Holy Prophet migrated from Mecca to Medina, the Muhajrin came to the Holy Prophet and said, 'O Messenger" of Allāh! We have never seen people more open-hearted and sympathetic than the people with whom we have settled. with. If someone was wealthy he reserved a large portion of his wealth to spend upon us. If someone did not have money he found other extraordinary means of being sympathetic to us. They work hard to earn money and then spend equally upon us and themselves. We are worried that the Ansar may not get all the reward and deprive us of the reward.'. The Holy Prophet" responded, 'As long as you will keep on praying for them to God Almighty and keep on praising them till then what you are worried about will not happen and you will get reward similar to them.' sa ་ ་་. Sa (Jami' Tirmidhi, Kitab Şifatul Qiyamah war Raqā'iq wal wara' an Rasulullah) sa. The Holy Prophet" became the leader of the city and Medina became the capital of the Islamic state. After becoming the leader of. Medina, the Holy Prophet" took steps to secure internal peace and external security. To this effect, a treaty was signed with the Jews. The Muslims felt safe in Medina and became well organized under the leadership of the. Holy Prophet". 109

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. The Covenant of Medina. The covenant of Medina concluded between the Muhajirin and. Ansar on one side and the Jews on the other, was dictated by the Holy. Prophet Muhammad". The following is the text of the document: "In the Name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful. This is a covenant given by Muhammad to the believers and the Muslims of. Quraish, Yathrib, and those who followed them, joined them, and fought with them. They constitute one Ummah to the exclusion of all other men.. As was their custom, the Muhajirin from the Quraish are bound together and shall ransom their prisoners in kindness and justice as believers do.. Following their own custom, Banu ‘Auf are bound together as they have been before. Every clan of them shall ransom its prisoners with the kindness and justice common among believers. [The text here repeats the same injunction concerning every clan of the Ansar and every house including Banū al-Ḥarith, Banū Sai'dah, Banū Jusham, Banū al-Najjar,. Banu ‘Amr bin ‘Auf and Banu al-Nabit.] The believers shall leave none of their members in destitution without giving him in kindness what he needs by way of ransom or bloodwit. No believer shall take as an ally a freedman of another Muslim without the permission of his previous master. All pious believers shall rise as one man against whosoever rebels or seeks to commit injustice, aggression, sin, or spread mutual enmity between the believers, even though he may be one of their sons. No believer shall slay a believer in retaliation for an disbeliever; neither shall he assist an disbeliever against a believer. Just as God's bond is one and indivisible, all believers shall stand behind the commitment of the least of them. All believers are bonded one to another to the exclusion of other men. Any. Jew who follows us is entitled to our assistance and the same rights as any one of us, without injustice or partisanship. This Pax Islamica is one and indivisible. No believer shall enter into a separate peace without all other believers whenever there is fighting in the cause of God, but will do so only on the basis of equality and justice to all others. In every military expedition we undertake our members shall be accompanied by others committed to the same objective. All believers shall avenge the blood of one another whenever any one of them falls fighting in the cause of God. 110

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. The pious believers follow the best and most upright guidance. No disbeliever shall be allowed to place under his protection against the interest of a believer, any wealth or person belonging to the Quraish.. Whoever is convicted of killing a believer deliberately but without righteous cause, shall be held liable to the relatives of the killed. Until the latter are satisfied, the killer shall be subject to retaliation by each and every believer. The killer shall have no rights whatsoever until this right of the believers is satisfied. Whoever has entered into this covenant and believes in God and in the Last Day shall never protect or give shelter to a convict or a criminal; whoever does so shall be cursed by God and upon him shall the Divine wrath fall on the Day of Judgment. Neither repentance nor ransom shall be accepted from him. No object of contention among you may not be referred to God and to Muḥammad for judgment. As the Jews fight on the side of the believers, they shall spend of their wealth on equal par with the believers. For the Jews of Banu Aus are an Ummah alongside the believers. The Jews have their religion and the Muslims their religion.. Both enjoy the security of their own populace and clients except the unjust and the criminal among them. The unjust or the criminal destroys only himself and his family. The Jews of Banu al-Najjar, Banū al-Harith, Banū. Sai'dah, Banu Jusharn, Banū al-Aus, Banū Tha'labah, Jafnah, and Banū al-Shutaibah - all the same rights and privileges apply as to the Jews of. Banu Aus. The clients of the tribe of Tha'labah enjoy the same rights and duties as the members of the tribe themselves. Likewise, the clients of the. Jews, as the Jews themselves. None of the foregoing shall engage in war except with the permission of Muḥammad though none may be prevented from taking revenge for a wound inflicted upon him. Whoever murders anyone will have murdered himself and the members of his family, unless it be the case of a man suffering a wrong, for God will accept his action.. The Jews shall bear their public expenses and so will the Muslims. Each shall assist the other against any violator of this covenant. Their relationship shall be one of mutual advice and consultation, and mutual assistance and charity rather than harm and aggression. However, no man is accountable for a crime committed by his ally. Assistance is due to the party suffering an injustice, not to one perpetrating it. Since the Jews fight on the side of the believers they shall spend their wealth on par with them.. The town of Yathrib shall constitute a sanctuary for the parties of this covenant. Their neighbors shall be treated as themselves as long as they 111

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa perpetrate no crime and commit no harm. No woman may be taken under protection without the consent of her family. Whatever difference or dispute between the parties to this covenant remains unsolved shall be referred to God and to Muḥammad, the Prophet of God. God is the guarantor of the piety and goodness that is embodied in this covenant.. Neither the Quraish nor their allies shall be given any protection. The people of this covenant shall come to the assistance of one another against whoever attacks Yathrib. If they are called to cease hostilities and to enter into a truce, they shall be bound to do so in the interest of peace. If, on the other hand, they call upon the Muslims to cease hostilities and to enter into a truce, the Muslims shall be bound to do so and maintain the peace except when the war is against their religion. To every smaller group belongs the share which is their due as members of the larger group which is party to this covenant. The Jews of al-Aus, as well as their clients, are entitled to the same rights as this covenant has granted to its parties together with the goodness and charity of the latter. Charity and goodness are clearly distinguishable from crime and injury and there is no responsibility except for one's own deeds.. God is the guarantor of the truth and goodwill of this covenant.. This covenant shall constitute no protection for the unjust or the criminal.. Whoever goes out to fight as well as whoever stays at home shall be safe and secure in this city unless he has perpetrated an injustice or committed a crime. God grants His protection to whosoever acts in piety, charity and goodness.". Sa. The above political document, which the Holy Prophet" wrote down fourteen centuries ago, establishes the freedom of faith and opinion, the inviolability of the city, human life, and property, and the forbiddance of crime. It certainly constitutes a breakthrough in the political and civil life of the world of that time. Though the Jews of Banū Quraizah, Banū al-Naḍir, and Banü Qainuqa'did not sign this covenant at its conclusion, they did enter later on into similar pacts with the Holy Prophet". Thus. Medina and all the territories surrounding it became inviolate to their peoples who were now bound to rise to their defense and protection together. 112 sa

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. The Hypocrites of Medina sa. With the arrival of the Holy Prophet in Medina (622 AD), Islām began to spread rapidly among the two Arab tribes of the town. But as offen happens in a mass conversion, not all those who declare their allegiance were inspired by sincerity and high ideals. Some time before the. Emigration, the Aus and Khazraj tribes, wearied by their prolonged mutual hostility, which had often erupted into fighting and had exacted a heavy toll of life, had decided to put an end to this state of affairs and to set up a form of administration in Medina which should have the support of both tribes and should also be acceptable to the three Jewish tribes. For this purpose it had been agreed that 'Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, chief of the. Khazraj, should be elected king of Medina. This plan had not yet been implemented when the Holy Prophet” was invited to Medina. When he arrived it was generally felt that he was the most appropriate person to take on the responsibility of administering the affairs of Medina. Under his direction a covenant was drawn up which was accepted by both the Arabs and Jews. A common citizenship of Medina was established and conditions were prescribed to regulate the affairs of the town as well as to regulate its internal order and external security.. The principal conditions were that the internal affairs of each section would be regulated according to its own laws and customs, but that if the security of Medina were threatened from outside all sections would cooperate with each other in its defense. No section would enter into any separate treaty relations with any outside tribe; nor would any section be compelled to join in any fighting which should take place outside Medina.. The final resolution of disputes would be determined by the Holy Prophet", and his decision would be accepted and carried out. This became, as it were, the Charter of Medina. Thus was the Republic of Medina established. sa sa ‘Abdullah bin Ubayy was deeply chagrined at the loss of a crown, which, before the arrival of the Holy Prophet", he had thought was assured for him. He became the leader of the disaffected party in Medina. This 113

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa за party was a source of constant worry and insecurity for the Holy Prophet and the Muslims. It is referred to in the Holy Qur'ān, at various places, as "the hypocrites.". It is stated in the Holy Qur'an: إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُنْفِقُونَ قَالُوْا يَشْهَدُ إِنَّكَ لَرَسُوْلُ اللهِ وَ اللهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّكَ ८ لَرَسُوْلُه ، وَ اللهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّ الْمُنْفِقِيْنَ لَكَذِبُونَ ٥ idhā ja'akal munafiqūna qālu nash-hadu innaka larasulullah wallahu ya 'lamu innaka larasuluh wallahu yash-hadu innal munafiqına la kādhibūn. When the hypocrites come to you, they say, 'We bear witness that you are indeed the Messenger of Allāh.' And Allāh knows that you are indeed His Messenger, but. Allāh bears witness that the hypocrites are surely liars. (63:2) (The Excellent Exemplar - Muḥammad, Chaudhari Muḥammad Zafrulla Khan). Pact Among the Various Tribes of Medina sa. The Holy Prophet" not only established brotherhood among the. Ansar and the Muhajirin, but also instituted a covenant among all the inhabitants of Medina. In this way, the Arabs, the Jews and the Muslims were united into a common citizenship in Medina. The covenant was binding upon all three groups. The final agreement amongst the parties was as follows: "Between the Prophet of God and the faithful on the one hand, and all those on the other, who voluntarily agree to enter. If any of the Meccan. Muslims is killed, the Meccan Muslims will themselves be responsible.. The responsibility for securing the release of their prisoners will also be 114

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa theirs. The Muslim tribes of Medina similarly will be responsible for their own lives and their prisoners. Whoever rebels or promotes enmity and disorder will be considered a common enemy. It will be the duty of all the others to fight against him, even though he happens to be a son or a close relation. If a disbeliever is killed in battle by a believer, his Muslim relations will seek no revenge. Nor will they assist disbelievers against believers. The Jews who join this covenant will be helped by the Muslims.. The Jews will not be put to any hardship. Their enemies will not be helped against them. No disbeliever will give quarter to anybody from Mecca. He will not act as a trustee for any Meccan property. In a war between. Muslims and disbelievers he will take no part. If a believer is mistreated without cause, Muslims will have the right to fight against those who mistreat. If a common enemy attacks Medina, the Jews will side with the. Muslims and share the expenses of the battle. The Jewish tribes in covenant with the other tribes of Medina will have rights similar to those of Muslims. The Jews will keep to their own faith, and the Muslims to their own. The rights enjoyed by the Jews will also be enjoyed by their followers. The citizens of Medina will not have the right to declare war without the sanction of the Prophet". But this will not prejudice the right of any individual to avenge an individual wrong. The Jews will bear the expenses of their own organization, and the Muslims their own. But in case of war, they will act with unity. The city of Medina will be regarded as sacred and inviolate by those who sign the covenant. Strangers who come under the protection of its citizens will be treated as citizens. But the people of Medina will not be allowed to admit a woman to its citizenship without the permission of her relation. All disputes will be referred for resolution to God and the Prophet". Parties to this covenant will not have the right to enter into any agreement with the Meccans or their allies. This is because parties to this covenant agree in resisting their common enemies. The parties will remain united in peace as in war. No party will enter into a separate peace. But no party will be obliged to take part in war.. A party, however, which commits any excess will be liable to a penalty.. Certainly God is the protector of the righteous and the faithful and. Muhammad is His Prophet." sa sa (As-Sıratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Vol. 2, pp. 147-150) 115

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa. The First Written Constitution. It is the first written constitution of a state ever promulgated by a sovereign in history. It was endorsed from the first year of Hijrah (622. AD). The treaty stipulated a city-state in Medina, allowing independence to communities under the following terms: 1. 2. 3. 4. 116. In the name of Allah (the One God), the Compassionate, the. Merciful. This is a document from Muḥammad, the Prophet, governing the relation between the Believers from among the. Quraishites (that is, Emigrants from Mecca) and Yathribites (i.e., the residents of Medina) and those who followed them and joined them and strived with them. They form one and the same community as against the rest of men.. No Believer shall oppose the client of another Believer. Whosoever is rebellious, or seeks to spread injustice, enmity or sedition among the Believers, the hand of every man shall be against him, even if he be a son of one of them. A Believer shall not kill a Believer in retaliation for an disbeliever, nor an disbeliever shall kill an disbeliever in retaliation for a Believer.. Whosoever among the Jews follows us shall have help and equality; they shall not be injured nor shall any enemy be aided against them... No separate peace will be made when the Believers are fighting in the way of Allāh... The Believers shall avenge the blood of one another shed in the way of Allah... Whosoever kills a. Believer wrongfully shall be liable to retaliation; all the Believers shall be against him as one man and they are bound to take action against him.. The Jews shall contribute (to the expenses of war) with the. Believers so long as they are at war with a common enemy. The. Jews of Banu Najjar, Banu al-Harith, Banu Sa'idah, Banu Jusham,. Banu al-Aus, Banu Tha‘labah, Jafnah, and Banū al-Shutaibah shall enjoy the same rights and privileges as the Jews of Banu Aus.

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.. The Jews shall adhere to their own religion and the Muslims to theirs. Loyalty is a protection against treachery. The close friends of. Jews are as themselves. None of them shall go out on a military expedition except with the permission of Muhammad", but he shall not be prevented from taking revenge for a wound.. The Jews shall be responsible for their expenses and the Believers for theirs. Each, if attacked, shall come to the assistance of the other.. The valley of Yathrib (Medina) shall be sacred and inviolable for all that join this Treaty. Strangers, under protection, shall be treated on the same ground as their protectors; but no stranger shall be taken under protection except with consent of his tribe... No woman shall be taken under protection without the consent of her family.. Whatever difference or dispute between the parties to this covenant remains unsolved shall be referred to Allāh (The One God) and to. Muhammad, the Messenger of Allāh. Allāh is the Guarantor of the piety and goodness that is embodied in this covenant. Neither the. Quraish nor their allies shall be given any protection.. The contracting parties are bound to help one another against any attack on Yathrib. If they are called to cease hostilities and to enter into peace, they shall be bound to do so in the interest of peace; and if they make a similar demand on Muslims it must be carried out except when the war is against their religion.. Allah (the One God) approves the truth and goodwill of this covenant. This treaty shall not protect the unjust or the criminal.. Whoever goes out to fight as well as whoever stays at home shall be safe and secure in this city unless he has perpetrated an injustice or committed a crime... Allāh is the protector of the good and. God-fearing people. 117

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa. Facing the Ka'bah in Prayer sa sa. In Mecca, the Holy Prophet used to pray towards Jerusalem, with the Ka'bah in front of him. When the Holy Prophet" migrated to Medina he continued praying towards Jerusalem. Sixteen months after emigration of the Holy Prophet" from Mecca to Medina, God Almighty commanded him to change the direction while he was in Prayer towards the Ka'bah, the. House built by Hadrat Ibrāhīm and Hadrat Isma'il". It was revealed to the. Holy Prophet: за as as قَدْ نَرَى تَقَلُّبَ وَجْهِكَ فِي السَّمَاءِ فَلَنُوَلِّيَنَّكَ قِبْلَةً تَرْضَهَا فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ ، وَحَيْثُ مَا كُنْتُمْ فَوَلُّوْا وُجُوْهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ وَانَّ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتُبَ لَيَعْلَمُوْنَ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَّبِّهِمْ qad nara taqalluba wajhika fissama'i fala nuwalliyannaka qiblatan tarḍaha fawalli wajhaka shatral masjidil harami wa ḥaithu mā kuntum fawallu wujuhakum shatrah wa innalladhīna ūtul kifaba laya‘lamūna annahul haqqu mirrabbihim. Verily, We see you turning your face often to heaven; surely, then, will We make you turn to the Qiblah which you like. So, turn your faces towards the Sacred. Mosque; and anywhere you be, turn your face towards it. And they to whom the. Book has been given know that this is the truth from their Lord. (2:145) га sa. Either during Zuhr or ‘Așr Prayer, the Holy Prophet" had led his. Companions in Praying two Rakat, then he was commanded by Allāh to face towards the Ka'bah, so he turned around towards the Ka'bah. The mosque where he offered this Prayer became known as, 'Masjid. Al-Qiblatain' (the mosque of the two Qiblahs). (Ibn Sa'd's Al-Ṭabaqat Al-Kabir, Vol. 1, p. 242) 118

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Divine Protection for the Holy Prophetsa ra. Hadrat 'A'ishah relates that after migration to Medina, there was a sa sa га га sa sa night when the Holy Prophet was unable to sleep. In his anxiety, the Holy. Prophet said to Hadrat 'A'ishah": "I wish some servant of God were on guard duty today. Hadrat ‘A'ishah said that at the same time they heard the tinkling noise of armament. The Holy Prophet asked, 'Who is this?'. Someone outside replied: 'I am Sa'd bin Abi Waqqās.' The Holy Prophet asked: 'Why did you come?' Sa'd bin Abi Waqqās said: 'I felt, in my heart, a premonition of danger regarding the Messenger" of Allāh. Therefore, I have come to guard you". The Holy Prophet prayed for Sa'd bin Abī. Waqqas and slept peacefully."" да ra (Jami' Tirmidhi, Abwābul Manaqib, Manaqib Sa‘d bin Abi Waqqas ) ra. Hadrat A'ishah" relates that people used to be on guard-duty at night to safeguard the Holy Prophet". However, on the night the verse sa وَاللهُ يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ wallahu yaʻşimuka minannāsi. And Allāh will protect thee from men (5:68) sa was revealed, the Holy Prophet" looked out of his tent and said to the people guarding him, "Now you can go home because the Lord of Honor and Glory Himself has taken responsibility for my protection." (Jami' Tirmidhi, Abwabut Tafsir Surah Al-Ma'idah). God Almighty says in the Holy Qur'an about Divine protection of sa the Holy Prophet": 119

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa فَانَّكَ بِأَعْيُنِنَا fa innaka bi a'yuninā. For assuredly you are before Our eyes. (52:49) لَهُ مُعَقِّبَتٌ مِّنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ يَحْفَظُوْنَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللهِ lahū mu‘aqqibatummim baini yadaihi wa min khalfihi yaḥfazūnahū min amrillah. For him (the Messenger) is a succession of angels before him and behind him; they guard him by the command of Allāh. (13:12) sa га sa. At the occasion of the conquest of Khaibar, Jews made a plan to kill the Holy Prophet" by poisoning him. They prepared a large amount of roasted meat and added a large amount of deadly poison to the meat. They sent the meat to the Holy Prophet™ through Zainab, the wife of Salām bin. Mushkam, as a present. When the meat was presented to the Holy Prophet he took just one bite and felt that the food was poisonous. So he did not swallow it. One of his Companions, Hadrat Bishr" had already swallowed a morsel from the meat and he died after a short period of time due to eating the poisonous food. The Holy Prophet" called the woman and other. Jews and asked them why did they add poison in the food? The woman said: "We thought if you were not a true Prophet we will get rid of you and if you were a true Prophet the poison will do no harm to you." The Holy. Prophet with a strong majestic voice told them that despite all their efforts to kill him God Almighty would never give them the power to kill him. 120 sa (Al-Sıratul Halabiyyah, Vol. 3, pp, 78, 80; Ibn Sa'd's Al-Ṭabaqat Al-Kabir, Vol. 2, p. 249, S. Moʻinul Haq, Kitab Bhavan, New Delhi, India; Al-Sıratul. Hamdiyyah, p. 329). The hypocrites of Medina were sure in their minds that the Muslims

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa sa sa would be defeated in the expedition of Tabūk and the Holy Prophet™ would be killed. Thus, they were expecting soon to become the rulers of Medina.. However, when they found out that the Holy Prophet was returning to. Medina after great successes in the battle, they were very much disheartened and were fearful that now they would be punished for their conspiracies against the Muslims about which the Holy Prophet has come to know. To get out of this terrible situation they were facing, they conspired to kill the Holy Prophet" on the way back to Medina. In fact, the scheme was hatched even before the Holy Prophet had left for the expedition of Tabūk and a few hypocrites were travelling as part of the. Muslim army to carry out this plan, when necessary. At some distance from Medina the returning army had to pass through a narrow mountain pass. The passage was so narrow that one person could pass through it at a time. When the Holy Prophet" and his Companions" reached close to the narrow passage it was night time and it was dark. Taking advantage of the darkness, the hypocrites who were travelling with the Holy Prophet as part of the Muslim force rushed and went ahead towards the mountain pass and hid themselves close to the narrow passage. They had planned to kill the Holy Prophet" in the narrow passage. God Almighty revealed to the. Holy Prophet about the heinous plan of the hypocrites. The Holy. Prophet sent Ḥadrat Ḥudhaifa bin Yamān" to survey the area. When. Hadrat Hudhaifa bin Yamän" reached the narrow passage area he found a few men with faces covered hiding in the area. When they saw Ḥadrat. Hudhaifa bin Yamän" they ran away. The Holy Prophet did not like to pursue them so he let them go. God Almighty had informed the Holy. Prophet the names of the hypocrites hiding near the narrow passage and planning to kill him. The Holy Prophet" told Hadrat Hudhaifa bin Yamān' the names of these people. Therefore, Hadrat Hudhaifa bin Yamān“ was known as: sa sa sa sa ra sa га sa га sa ra صَاحِبُ سِرّ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي الْمُنَافِقِيْنَ 121

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa ṣaḥibu sirri rasūlillah“ fil munafiqina sa. The secret-keeper for the Holy Prophet about the hypocrites. (Usdul Ghābah, Dhikr Hadrat Hudhaifah bin Yaman, Vol. 1, p.442, printed by. Darul Ma'rifa, Beirut, Lebanon; Ibn Kathir, Ghazwah Tabük) гa sa. On five occasions, the life of the Holy Prophet" was in serious danger and had he not been a true Prophet of God, he would certainly have been destroyed. One was the occasion when the disbelieving Quraish had surrounded his house and had sworn that they would kill him that night.. The second occasion was when pursuers had arrived with a large body of men at the entrance to the cave in which he had taken shelter along with. Hadrat Abu Bakr˝. The third occasion was when he had been left alone in the Battle of Uhud and the Quraish had surrounded him and attacked him in a body but whose plan was foiled. The fourth occasion was when a. Jewish woman gave him meat to eat which had been saturated with a fatal poison. The fifth occasion was when Chosroes Pervaiz, Emperor of Persia, had made up his mind to destroy him and had sent his emissaries to arrest him. His delivery on all these dangerous occasions and his ultimate triumph over all his enemies is conclusive proof that he was righteous and. God was with him. (Chashma Ma'rifat, Rūḥani Khaza'in, Vol. 23, pp. 263-264, footnote) 122

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa 7. Battles of Badr, and Uhud. Battle of Badr sa. The leaders of the non-believers in Mecca were furious due to the migration of the Holy Prophet" to Medina. They were extremely disheartened due to the slipping away of the Holy Prophet" from their hands while they had made extraordinary preparations to kill him. News of the peaceful living of the Muslims in Medina made them angrier. All their efforts to destroy or stall the progress of the mission of the Holy Prophet had failed miserably. They were unable to stem the progress of the new faith. Furthermore, their trade route to Syria was within reach of the. Muslims. sa. So the Meccans continued to irritate and harass the Muslims. They instigated the non-Muslims of Medina against the Muslims and interfered with their right of pilgrimage. They started looking for causes to attack the. Muslims and destroy them. It happened so that under the leadership of Abū. Sufyan a caravan of 1000 camels laden with various types of goods including armaments was travelling from Syria to Mecca and had to pass close to Medina. Abū Sufyān informed the Meccans about his concern that the Muslims might attack the caravan. The Meccans immediately sent an army of 1000 war-ready men to Medina to attack the Muslims. When the. Holy Prophet learned about the march of the Meccan army towards. Medina, he consulted his Companions". After Ḥadrat Abu Bakr and. Hadrat Umar presented their views, Hadrat al-Miqdād bin 'Amr" stood up ra sa ra ra 123

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa and said, "O Messenger of Allāh, go ahead with what Allāh has commanded you. We are with you. By Allāh, we shall not say to you as the. Jews said to Hadrat Moses", 'Go, you and your God fight the enemy, we will remain here behind.' We will fight to the right of you, to the left of you, in front of you and behind you.'" (Sahih, Bukhari, Kitab al-Maghāzī, Ghazwah Badr). The trade caravan which had gone to Syria that year headed by Abū. Sufyan was extraordinarily loaded with merchandise. It was decided by the. Quraish that whatever the profit accrued that year, it would be spent on arms, horses, and other war material to fight the Muslims.. The trade caravan had reached Badr (200 miles from Mecca and 80 miles from Medina) when news came to the Meccan warriors who were just few miles away that the caravan had not encountered any attack from the Muslims. However, since the Meccans were so eager to fight the Holy. Prophet and his followers, they decided to proceed to fight the Muslims anyway. So, they camped at the stream of Badr. sa. When the Muslims learned that the trade caravan was coming from. Syria (on the north side) and that the Meccan army was marching towards. Medina (from the South), they thought that they would be hard pressed to face these two enemy groups at the same time. The Muslims had two possible alternatives. Either fight the Meccans with all their resources or use the other option and fight the trade caravan returning from Syria which was led by Abu Sufyān with only 40 not so well-armed men. This course was the safest and many Muslims preferred it. However, the other alternative was adopted by the Holy Prophet" in which the Muslims boldly faced the well-armed and well-equipped Quraish army of 1,000 men coming from Mecca.. Qur'an:. This situation is described in the following verses of the Holy 124

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa كَمَا أَخْرَجَكَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَيْتِكَ بِالْحَقِّ من وَ إِنَّ فَرِيقًا مِّنَ الْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ لَكَرِهُونَ لا يُجَادِلُوْنَكَ فِى الْحَقِّ بَعْدَ مَا تَبَيَّنَ كَأَنَّمَا يُسَاقُوْنَ إِلَى 0 الْمَوْتِ وَهُم يَنْظُرُونَ وَإِذْ يَعِدُكُمُ اللَّهُ اِحْدَ الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ أَنَّهَا لَكُمْ وَ تَوَدُّونَ أَنَّ غَيْرَ ذَاتِ الشَّوْكَةِ تَكُوْنَ لَكُم وَيُرِيْدُ اللهُ أَنْ يُحِقَّ الْحَقَّ بِكَلِمَتِهِ وَ يَقْطَعَ دَابِرَ الْكَفِرِينَ لِيُحِقَّ الْحَقِّ وَ يُبْطِلَ الْبَاطِلَ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْمُجْرِمُوْنَ 0 kamā akhrajaka rabbuka mim baitika bilhaqqi wa inna farīqamminal muʼminīna lakarihūna yujadilūnaka fil haqqi ba'da ma tabayyana ka annamā yusāqūna ilal mauti wa hum yanzurūn wa idh ya‘idukumullahu iḥdatta'ifataini annahā lakum wa tawaddūna anna ghaira dhatishshaukati takūna lakum wa yuridullahu anyyuhiqqal haqqa bi kalimatihi wa yaqta'a dabiral kafirina li yuḥiqqal ḥaqqa wa yubtilal batila wa lau karihal mujrimūn. As it was your Lord Who rightfully brought you forth from your house, while a party of the believers were averse, therefore He helped you against your enemy.. They dispute with you concerning the truth after it has become manifest, as though they are being driven to death while they actually see it. And remember the time when Allāh promised you one of the two parties (i.e., the well-equipped. Meccan army and the caravan which, only lightly armed, was proceeding to. Mecca from the north) that it should be yours, and you wished that the one without sting should be yours, but Allah desired to establish the truth by His words and to cut off the root of the disbelievers. That He might establish the truth and bring to naught that which is false, although the guilty might dislike it. (8:6-9) sa. The Holy Prophet" decided to face the Meccan army outside. Medina. Accordingly, an army of 313 people which included some youth of 125

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa the community was hastily prepared. The army was ill-equipped as far as arms were concerned. The army left Medina under the command of the. Holy Prophet and camped at Badr, a place 80 miles from Medina. The. Muslim army had only a few horses and a small quantity of arms. Abū. Sufyan changed the course of his caravan and left the Muslim controlled area safely. However, the Meccans were determined to finish the Muslims once and for all. Therefore, they stayed there and soon an encounter between the two armies took place. A very small and poorly equipped. Muslim army bravely fought the Meccan army and decisively defeated them. The Meccans left 70 dead and another 70 were taken prisoners by the Muslims. Defeat for the Muslims in this battle would have been disastrous. The Holy Prophet" prayed fervently for the success over the infidels in the battle. sa га sa. Hadrat Ibn 'Abbās" relates: "During the Battle of Badr, the Holy. Prophet was residing in a tent and was continuously supplicating: 'O. Allāh! I cry for mercy reminding You of Your Promise. O My Allah! If the Muslims are killed today, no one would be left to adhere to true Tauḥīd sa ra (unity of God) and Your worship.' Hearing this, Hadrat Abu Bakr held the hand of the Holy Prophet's" and said: 'O Prophet" of Allāh! It is enough.. God Almighty will certainly accept your supplications.' At that time, the. Holy Prophet", who was wearing war gear came out of the hut in which he had been praying and gave the glad tidings to the Muslims: "The hosts will certainly be routed and will show their backs." These were the words revealed to the Holy Prophet" while he was in Mecca which obviously referred to success in this battle.. Sa سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّوْنَ الدُّبُرَ بَلِ السَّاعَةُ مَوْعِدُهُمْ وَ السَّاعَةُ o ادهي وَأَمَرُّ 0 sa yuhzamul jamʻu wa yu wallunaddubura balissa'atu mau‘iduhum wassa'atu ad-ha wa amarru 126

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. The hosts shall soon be routed and will turn their backs in flight. Aye, the Hour is their appointed time; and the Hour will be most calamitous and most bitter. (54:46-47)"" sa (Sahih Bukhari, Kitābal Jihad, Bāb mã qul fi dara'nnabi; ahih Bukhari, Kitabal. Maghazi and Kitābuttafsir) ra sa га. Hadrat Ibn 'Abbas relates that Hadrat ‘Umar bin Khattab said, "On the day of Badr, the Holy Prophet looked at the pagans who were one thousand whereas his Companions" were three hundred and thirteen.. Then the Holy Prophet supplicated the following: sa га اللهُمَّ انْجِزْ لِي مَا وَعَدْتَنِي ، اَللَّهُمَّ أُتِنِي مَا وَعَدْتَنِي ، اَللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ إِنْ تُهْلِكَ هَذِهِ الْعِصَابَةَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ لَا تُعْبَدْ فِي الْأَرْضِ allahumma anjizli mā wa‘attani, alſahumma atinī mā wa‘attanī, alſahumma innaka in tuhlik hadhi hil ‘iṣabata min ahlil islami la tu'bad filardi. O Allah! Give me what You promised me. O Allāh! grant me what You promised me. O Allah! If this Muslim community is destroyed, none will worship You on the earth." (Jami' Tirmidhi, Kifabut Tafsir, Tafsir Surah al-Anfal). At the beginning of the battle, the Holy Prophet" threw a handful of gravel towards the Meccans, saying, "Abased be those faces." It produced amazing results and the enemy was badly defeated. God. Almighty says in the Holy Qur'ān about it: وَمَا رَمَيْتَ إِذْ رَمَيْتَ وَلكِنَّ اللهَ رَمى 127

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa wama ramita idh ramaita wa lakinnallaha rama "And you threw not when you did throw, but it was Allah who threw ..." (8:18). The following is stated in the Holy Qur'an about the success in the. Battle of Badr: إِذْ تَسْتَغِيْلُوْنَ رَبَّكُمْ فَاسْتَجَابَ لَكُمْ أَنِّي مُمِدُّكُمْ بِالْفِ مِّنَ الْمَلْئِكَةِ مُرْدِفِيْنَ . وَمَا جَعَلَهُ اللهُ إِلا بُشْرى وَلِتَطْمَئِنَّ بِهِ قُلُوْبُكُمْ ، وَمَا النَّصْرُ إِلَّا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيم 8 idh tastaghīthūna rabbakum fastajaba lakum anni mumiddukum bi alfimminal mala'ikati murdifin wamā ja‘alahullahu illa bushra wa litatma'inna bihi qulūbukum wa mannaṣru illa min ‘indillahi innallaha ‘azizun hakim. When you implored the assistance of your Lord, and He answered you, saying, 'I will assist you with a thousand of the angels, following one another. And Allāh made it only as glad tidings, and that your hearts might thereby be set at rest. But help comes from Allāh alone; surely, Allāh is Mighty, Wise. (8:10-11) وَلَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللهُ بِبَدْرٍ وَ أَنْتُمْ اَذِلَّةٌ ، فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ 0 إِذْ تَقُوْلُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ اَلَنْ يُكْفِيَكُمْ أَنْ يُمِدَّكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ بِثَلُثَةٍ الآفٍ مِّنَ الْمَثْئِكَةِ مُنزَلِيْنَ أَ بَلَى إِنْ تَصْبِرُوا وَتَتَّقُوا وَ يَأْتُوكُمْ مِنْ فَوْرِهِمْ هَذَا لا يُمْدِدْكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ بِخَمْسَةِ الآفٍ مِنَ الْمَثْئِكَةِ مُسَوِّمِيْنَ 0 128

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa walaqad naṣarakumullahu bi badriñwwa badriñwwa antum antum adhillatun fattaqullaha la'allakum tashkurūn. Idh laʻallakum tashkurun. Idh taqūlu lilmu'minina alañyyakfiyakum añyyumiddakum rabbukum bi thalathatin alafimminal mala'ikati munzalin. bala in taşbirū wa tattaqū wa ya'tu kummin faurihim hadha yumdidkum rabbukum bi khamsati alafimminal mala'ikati musawwimin.. And Allāh had already helped you at Badr when you were weak. So take Allāh for your Protector that you may be grateful. When you did say to the believers, 'Will it not suffice you that your Lord should help you with three thousand angels sent down from on high? Yes, if you be steadfast and righteous and they come upon you immediately in hot haste, your Lord will help you with five thousand angels, attacking vehemently. (3:124-126). Permission to take up arms in self-defense had been accorded in. Divine revelations: أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقْتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُوا وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرُ ) udhina lilladhına yuqātalūna bi annahum zulimū wa innallaha ‘ala nasrihim laqadir. Permission to fight is given to those against whom war is made, because they have been wronged - and Allāh indeed has power to help them. (22:40). According to the consensus of scholarly opinion this is the first verse which gave the Muslims permission to take up arms in self-defense.. The verse was revealed very early in Medina.. The next verse also lends support to this inference. It states that the permission to fight was given after the Muslims had been driven out of their hearths and homes. If, as some Commentators of the Qur'ān hold, the verse was revealed at Mecca, it must have been revealed immediately before Hijra when most of the Muslims had already emigrated to Medina 129

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa sa and the Holy Prophet with only a very few Muslims had remained behind in Mecca and their cup of hardships and privations had become full to the brim. But the former view seems to be more akin to fact and reality.. The verse lays down principles according to which the Muslims can wage a defensive war, and clearly sets forth the reasons which led a handful of Muslims, without arms and other material means, to fight in self-defense after they had suffered at Mecca ceaseless persecution for years and had been pursued with relentless hatred to Medina and were harassed and harried there too. The first and foremost reason given is that "they had been wronged." The Muslims had suffered untold persecution and war was actually forced upon them. The verse incidentally shows that the Muslims were also very weak in numbers, means and material when the permission to fight in self-defense was granted to them as the comforting and encouraging words, "And Allāh indeed has power to help them," indicate. These words also implied a prophecy that though the. Muslims were weak and their enemy was proud and powerful, yet as they were fighting in the cause of truth God would help them and they would be victorious. الَّذِيْنَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ بِغَيْرِ حَق إِلَّا أَنْ يَقُولُوا رَبُّنَا اللهُ، وَلَوْ لَا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَّهُدِّمَتْ صَوَامِعُ وَبِيَعٌ وَ صَلَوَاتُ وَ مَسْجِدُ يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا اسْمُ اللهِ كَثِيرًا وَلَيَنْصُرَنَّ اللَّهُ مَنْ يُنْصُرُهُ إِنَّ اللهَ لَقَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ 0 b の nilladhīna ukhrijū min diyarihim bighairi haqqin illa añyyaqülū rabbunallah walau la dafulla hinnasa ba'dahum bi ba'dilla huddimat ṣawami'un wa biya'uñwwa Ṣalawatuñwwa masājidu yudhkarufihasmullahi kathira wa layanṣurannallahu mañyyanṣuruh 130

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. S8 innallaha laqaviyyun ‘aziz. Those who have been driven out from their homes unjustly, only because they said, 'Our Lord is Allāh' - "And if Allāh did not repel some men by means of others, there would surely have been pulled down cloisters and churches and synagogues and mosques, wherein the name of Allāh is oft commemorated. And. Allāh will surely help one who helps Him. Allāh is indeed Powerful, Mighty. (22:41). The verse gives the second reason which led the poor and weak. Muslims to take up arms. It was that they were driven out from their hearths and homes without a just and legitimate cause -- their only crime being that they believed in one God. For years the Muslims were persecuted at Mecca, then they were driven out from it and were not left in peace even in their exile at Medina. They continued to be harassed there too. Islām was threatened with complete extirpation by a combined attack from the Arabian tribes around Medina, among whom the influence of the. Quraish, on account of their being the custodians of the Ka'bah, was very great. Medina itself was honey-combed with sedition and treachery. The. Jews, compact and united, were opposed to the Holy Prophet". "Ahdullāh bin Ubayy, whose designs to become the crowned king of Medina had been upset by the Holy Prophet's" arrival in that city, and the Hypocrites were an additional source of great danger to Islām. The Quraish held out a threat to ‘Abdullah bin Ubayy that if the people of Medina gave shelter to the Holy Prophet and did not make common cause with them against the. Muslims they would attack Medina with all their powerful hosts and allies and would kill their men and carry their women to Mecca in captivity. sa sa sa. Thus Islām had to defend itself against much more powerful enemies at Medina than at Mecca. The position of the Muslims in the first few years of their life at Medina was decidedly much weaker than at. Mecca and the Holy Prophet's difficulties instead of lessening had greatly increased. It was under these highly unfavorable circumstances that the. Muslims had to take up arms to save themselves, their faith and their Holy. Prophet from extermination. If ever a people had a legitimate cause to fight, it were the Holy Prophet Muhammad" and his Companions", and yet sa sa ra 131

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa the unconscionable critics of Islam have accused him of waging aggressive wars to impose his faith on an unwilling people.. After having given reasons why the Muslims were obliged to take up arms, the verse proceeds to mention the object and purpose of the wars of Islām. The object was never to deprive anybody of his home and possessions or to deprive whole peoples of national freedom or compel them to submit to foreign yoke under the garb of making them civilized as. Western nations do, on to explore new markets and get new colonies. It was to fight in self-defense and to save Islām from extermination and to establish freedom of conscience and liberty of thought. It was also to defend places of worship belonging to different religions against desecration or destruction. Having laid down the principle that all religions have their origin in Divine revelation and that the Founders of all religions were Divine Messengers and should therefore be equally respected (35: 25), the Holy Qur'ān in the present verse has enjoined upon the Muslims to defend, even with their lives, all the places of worship: the churches, the synagogues, the temples, the cloisters etc. This subject is echoed in the following verses of the Holy Qur'an: وَقُتِلُوْهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُوْنَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُوْنَ الدِّينُ لِلَّهِ wa qatiluhum ḥatfa la takūna fitnatuñwwa yakunaddinu lillahi. And fight them until there is no persecution and religion is freely professed for. Allāh. (2:194) فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ فَاعْتَدُوْا عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ famani‘tada ‘alaikum fa‘tadū ‘alaihi bi mithli ma‘tada ‘alaikum. So, whoso transgresses against you, punish him for his transgression to the extent to which he has transgressed against you. (2:195) 132

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa 58 لا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّيْنِ قَد تَّبَيَّنَ الرُّشْدُ مِنَ الْغَيِّ فَمَنْ يُكْفُرْ بِالطَّاغُوْتِ وَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدِ اسْتَمْسَكَ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَى لَا انْفِصَامَ لَهَا ، وَاللهُ سَمِيْعُ عَلِيْم 0 ط la ikraha fiddini qattabayya narrushdu minal ghayyi famañyyakfur bittaghūti wa yu'mim billahi faqadistamsaka bil ‘urwatil wuthqa lanfisama laha wallahu sami‘un ‘alim. There should be no compulsion in religion. Surely, right has become distinct from wrong; so whosoever refuses to be led by those who transgress, and believes in. Allāh, has surely grasped a strong handle which knows no breaking. And Allāh is. All-Hearing and All-Knowing. (2:257) وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُوْنَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُوْنَ الدِّينُ كُلُّه لِلَّهِ، فَإِنِ انْتَهَوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِمَا يَعْمَلُوْنَ بَصِيرٌ ) wa qatiluhum hatta la takūna fitnatuñwwa yakunaddinu kulluhū lillahi fa inintahau fa innallaha bimā ya‘malūna başır. And fight them until there is no persecution and religion is wholly for Allāh. But if they desist, then surely Allāh is Watchful of what they do. (8:40). Thus the first and foremost object of the wars of Islām was and will always be, to establish freedom of belief and worship and to fight in defense of country, honor and freedom against an unprovoked attack.. Could there be a better cause to fight for than this? The Islamic injunctions as embodied in the present verse did not remain merely pious principles.. They were acted upon by the Muslims in their daily life. The Muslims in the hey-day of their power and glory always allowed complete freedom of 133

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa belief and worship to people who accepted their protection and guardianship. To show the broad-mindedness and catholicity of Islamic teaching in this respect, we give below only one of several charters of freedom which the Holy Prophet granted to the followers of other faith: sa 134. Charter of Freedom "This is the document which Muhammad, son of ‘Abdullāh,. God's Prophet, Warner and Bearer of glad-tidings, has caused to be written so that there should remain no excuse for those coming after. I have caused this document to be written for Christians of the East and the West, for those who live near, and for those of the distant lands, for the Christians living at present and for those who will come after, for those Christians who are known to us and for those as well whom we do not know.... I promise that any monk or wayfarer who will seek my help on the mountains, in the forests, deserts or habitations, or in places of worship, I will repel his enemies with all my friends and helpers, with all my relatives and with all those who profess to follow me and will defend him, because they are my covenant. And I will defend the covenanted against the persecution, injury and embarrassment by their enemies in lieu of the poll-tax they have promised to pay. If they will prefer themselves to defend their properties and persons, they will be allowed to do so and will not be put to any inconvenience on that account. No bishop will be expelled from his bishopric, no monk from his monastery, no priest from his place of worship, and no pilgrim will be detained in his pilgrimage. None of their churches and other places of worship will be desolated or destroyed or demolished. No material of their churches will be used for building mosques or houses for the Muslims, any Muslim so doing will be regarded as recalcitrant to God and His Prophet. Monks and bishops will be subject to no tax or indemnity whether they live in forests or on the rivers, or in the East or West, North or South. I give them my word of honor. They are on my promise and covenant and will enjoy perfect immunity from all sorts of

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa inconveniences, Every help shall be given them in the repair of their churches. They shall be absolved from wearing arms. They shall be protected by the Muslims. Let not this document be disobeyed till Judgement Day." (Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmud Ahmad, the Holy Qur'an. Commentary, Vol. 4, pp. 1753-1756). Murder of Ka'b bin Ashraf. Ka'b bin Ashraf, a Jewish chieftain of Banu Naḍir, was a poet of considerable fame. Like so many others, he was bitterly hostile to Islām.. With his fiery poems, he began to incite people to rise up against the. Muslims. After the Battle of Badr, he composed a number of eulogies mourning the Meccan chiefs slain in the battle. He used to recite them at every gathering. When he learned about the death of the leaders of the. Quraish he exclaimed, "Those were the nobles of Arabia, the kings of mankind. By God, if Muḥammad has vanquished these people, the interior of the earth is a better dwelling than the top of it." He contacted Abū. Sufyan with a view to making a combined effort to wipe out the Muslims.. He openly recited a number of poems derogatory to the Holy Prophet. As poetry had a high place in the life of the Arabs and could deepen influence and sway feelings, Ka'b bin Ashraf had become not only a nuisance but a serious menace. Ka'b plotted to kill the Holy Prophet. When the Holy. Prophet came to know about the plot, he consulted his Companions". The. Muslims were so irritated by Ka'b that they unanimously agreed to kill him. Abū Nā'ilah undertook this job and when he had the opportunity he and his companions killed Ka'b bin Ashraf. sa sa sa. Ghazwah Ghatafan (Ghazwah Qarqarat al-Kudr) sa. When the Holy Prophet learned that an army of Banu Ghatafan 135

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa and Banu Sulaim tribesmen was travelling towards Medina to attack the. Muslims, he led an expeditin of Muslim fighters to Qarqarat al-Kudr to meet them. However, the enemy gave up the idea when they learned about the march of the Holy Prophet" and his Companions" out of Medina to face them. When the Muslim force arrived at Qarqarat al-Kudr, they found camel traces but no men. The Muslims seized the camels they found in the area without battle. Later on the Holy Prophet learned that Bani Tha‘labah and Bani Muharib tribesmen had gathered at Dhū Amarr to attack the. Muslims. The Holy Prophet led a force of four hundred and fifty fighters to fight the enemy on their own grounds. However, when the enemy force learned of the arrival of the Muslim force they retreated to the mountains.. Ghazwah al-Sawiq sa sa. After defeat at Badr, Abu Sufyan took a vow that he would not touch his wives nor comb his hair till he had avenged the defeat. In order to fulfill this vow and to show that all was not lost to the Meccans and the. Quraish were still strong, he mobilized two hundred Meccans and led them towards Medina. Sallām ibn Mishkam, Chief of the Jewish tribe of Banū. Nadir, treated them to a feast and divulged the weak points of Medina's fortifications. On the next night, Abū Sufyan and his cohorts attacked a village called al-'Urayd. They martyred an Anṣār, Sa'd ibn 'Amr, and set fire to a number of houses and orchards. When this news reached the Holy. Prophet, the Muslims hotly pursued the raiders. Abu Sufyān and his party were frightened and they fled in a hurry, abandoning their provisions. The. Muslims followed them and collected the provisions of wheat and barley left by them and returned home. This gave the raid its name, "al-Sawiq" (the battle of the flour). This raid by Abū Sufyan and his party did not increase the prestige of the Quraish as they had hoped. Rather, their fleeing instead of fighting the Muslims increased the prestige of the Muslims tremendously. sa 136

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Battle of Uhud. The Muslims, as a consequence of their success in the Battle of. Badr had developed more confidence in themselves. They reorganized, consolidated their gains, and strengthened their community ties. However, the Meccans who had left the Battle of Badr defeated and humiliated were thirsty to take revenge for their defeat. They started preparations for taking revenge from the Muslims and were looking for an opportunity to do so.. Hadrat ‘Abbās", an uncle of the Holy Prophet* who was living in Mecca conveyed the information to the Holy Prophet" about the intent of the. Meccans. sa sa. When the Holy Prophet" received news that an army of three thousand strongmen along with two hundred horsemen was marching towards Medina to attack the Muslims, he discussed the situation with the elders which included Ansar and Muhajirin. The elders favored defending themselves while remaining inside Medina, whereas, the young wanted to meet the enemy outside Medina and fight there. sa га. When the Meccan army arrived and camped outside Medina, the. Holy Prophet started to move towards Mount Uhud with an army of 700. Muslims. When he reached Mount Uhud he assigned an army brigade under the command of Hadrat 'Abdullah bin Jubair" to protect the mountain pass with strict orders not to leave the mountain pass under any circumstances. What happened during the war and how victory was almost lost is described in the following tradition: ra sa sa. Hadrat Abu Ishaq narrates that he heard Hadrat Barā' bin ‘Āzib say that in the Battle of Uhud, the Holy Prophet" appointed Ḥadrat 'Abdullah bin Jubair as commander of a unit of fifty infantry men.. Posting the army unit on a mountain pass, the Holy Prophet instructed them that even if you see that vultures are carrying us away and eating our flesh, do not leave the place (where I am posting you) till I send for you.. Similarly, even if they notice that they have defeated the infidels and have ra 137

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa ra ra crushed them they were not to leave the post until he told them through a messenger. Hadrat Barā relates that they defeated them (the enemy). By. Allāh! I saw infidel women running away from the battlefield showing their bare legs rolling up their dresses and ornaments. Seeing this, the brigade of Hadrat ‘Abdullāh bin Jubair" said: "Spoils of the war! O people!. Spoils of the war. Your companions have become victorious. What are you now waiting for? Your companions have overcome the enemy, so what are you waiting for?" Hadrat ‘Abdullah bin Jubair said: "Have you forgetten what the Holy Prophet" had told you?" They said: "By Allah! We will go to the people and we will get the spoils." When they came to them, they were forced to turn back. The defeated enemy marched forward. That was the time when the Messenger of Allāh was calling them from the rear: sa sa ra إِذْ يَدْعُوهُمُ الرَّسُوْلُ فِي أَحْرَاهُمْ idh yad'ūhumurrasūlu fi ukhrāhum. When the Messenger of Allāh was calling them from the rear.. Sa ra ra when just twelve Companions" of the Holy Prophet" were left with him and about seventy Companions" were martyred fighting the enemy.. Whereas in the Battle of Badr, one hundred forty infidels were injured, seventy were imprisoned, and seventy were killed by the Muslims. During this incident, Abu Sufyān shouted three times: "Is Muḥammad with you?". The Holy Prophet told the Companions" not to respond. Then Abū Sufyan shouted: "Is Abu Bakr bin Abū Quḥāfah with you?" Then he said three times: "Is 'Umar bin al-Khattab with you?" When he did not hear a response to any of his inquiries, he turned to his army and said: "All of them have been killed." Hadrat ‘Umar bin al-Khattāb was unable to bear. Abū Sufyan's proclamation and said in loud voice: "O enemy of Allāh! By. Allah! All those about whom you have inquired are alive and there is nothing but disgrace for you." Then, Abū Sufyan said: "We have avenged our defeat in the Battle of Badr. A battle is like a bucket which tilts 138 га

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa (sometimes to one side and sometimes to the other side). You might find some corpses mutilated. I did not tell them to do so. However, I do not feel remorse for this." Then, he shouted the slogan: اُعْلُ هُبَلْ أَعْلُ هُبَلْ u'lu hubal, u'lu hubal!. O Hubal be high, O Hubal be high. sa. At this, the Holy Prophet" said, "Why don't you respond?" The. Companions" said: "O Messenger of Allah! What should we say?" The ra sa. Holy Prophet told them to declare: sa اللهُ أَعْلَى وَ أَجَلُّ allahu a‘Ta wa ajall. Only God is the Supreme, there is none comparable to Him. In response to this, Abu Sufyan shouted the slogan: لَنَا الْعُزَّى وَلاَ عُزُّى لَكُمْ lanal ‘uzza wa la ‘uzza lakum. We have the support of 'Uzza goddess, while you do not have 'Uzza. Sa sa. The Holy Prophet" ordered: "Respond to the slogan." The. Companions asked: "O Messenger of Allah! What should we say?" He told them to proclaim: 139

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa اللهُ مَوْلَانَا وَ لَا مَوْلى لَكُمْ sa alſahu maulana wa la mauſa lakum. God is our Lord and our Master and you do not have such a Lord and Master who could help you. (Sahih Bukhari, Kitab al-Jihad Wassair, Bab yakrah minattanazi' wal ikhtilaf fil harb). In the Holy Qur'an God Almighty states وَلَقَدْ صَدَقَكُمُ اللهُ وَعْدَهُ إِذْ تَحُسُّونَهُمْ بِإِذْنِهِ ، حَتَّى إِذَا فَشِلْتُمْ وَتَنَازَعْتُمْ فِى الْاَمْرِ وَعَصَيْتُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا أَرَاكُمْ مَّا تُحِبُّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ مَّنْ يُرِيْدُ الدُّنْيَا وَ مِنْكُم مَّنْ يُرِيدُ الْآخِرَةَ ، ثُمَّ صَرَفَكُمْ عَنْهُمْ لِيَبْتَلِيَكُمْ ۚ وَلَقَدْ عَفَا عَنْكُمْ walaqad sadaqaku mullahu wa'dahū idh tahussünahum bi idhnihi ḥatta idha fashiltum wa tanāza‘tum fil amri wa ‘aṣaitummim ba‘di arakummā tuhibbūna minkummañyyuri duddunya wa minkummañyyuridul akhirata thumma sarafakum 'anhum li yabtaliyakum walaqad ‘afa ‘ankum mā sa. And Allah had surely made good to you His promise when you were slaying and destroying them by His leave, until, when you faltered concerning obedience to the Holy Prophet", and started arguing among yourselves regarding the true intent of the order and disobeyed after He had granted you your heart's desire in the form of victory, He withdrew His help. Among you were those who desired the present world, and among you were those who desired the next. Then He turned 140

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa you away from them, that He might try you - and He has surely pardoned you. (3:153) sa sa га. Due to the mistake made by some of the Muslim fighters, in a moment, there was confusion all around. The Holy Prophet was left with only a handful of Muslims to guard him. Most of these were killed by the arrows that rained down upon them. Hadrat Talḥa bin 'Ubaidullāh stopped the arrows fired at the Holy Prophet" by a sharp shooter called. Mālik bin Zubair with his hands, as a result of which one of his hands was crippled. When his body was examined after the battle, there were more than seventy wounds on his body. Even as this took place, the Holy. Prophet prayed for his enemies, "Lord, grant guidance to my people, for they know not what they do." While he was praying, he himself was hit in the cheek by a stone that drove two of the rings of his helmet into the flesh.. He fell down, unconscious, among the heap of Muslims who had died fighting the enemy, others falling on top of him. This resulted in a rumor that the Holy Prophet" had been martyred. sa sa sa. The rumor of the death of the Holy Prophet and the news of the dispersal of the Muslim army reached Medina. Women and children ran madly towards Uhud. When they came to know that the Holy Prophet was alive and safe and sound, they returned to Medina. sa. Although, in this battle many Muslims were killed and many wounded, still the battle did not end in a defeat for the Muslims. In fact, the battle was a great victory for Muslims. However, the Meccans thought. Uhud was their first victory against Muslims. They spread the news of their victory all over Arabia and used the Battle of Uhud to incite the Arab tribes against Islam and to persuade them that the Muslims were not invincible. The result of this propaganda was that hostility against Muslims began to gather strength. Under these circumstances it became necessary to keep an eye upon the activities of the enemy. For this reason the Holy. Prophet sent a party of scouts to gather information about the plans of the enemy. sa 141

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa. The Reconnaissance Mission Sent by the Holy. Prophetsa га ra ra sa ra Ḥadrat Abu Hurairah" relates that the Holy Prophet" sent a party of ten scouts for espionage and appointed Ḥaḍrat ‘Āṣim bin Thabit al-Anṣārī™ as its leader. When the party reached a place called Huda, located between. Usfan and Mecca, the Banū Liḥyan tribe of Banū Hudhail found out about the party. They sent one hundred archers in pursuit of the Muslim scouts, who traced the footsteps and drew near the scouts. When Ḥadrat "Aşim" and his companions came to know about the pursuit, they took shelter on top of a hill. The pursuers surrounded the hill and told them to come down and surrender. They said that they pledged not to harm anyone. Ḥadrat "Aşim" said: "By Allāh! I do not trust these infidels to surrender to them.. Then Hadrat ‘Asim" supplicated: 'O My Lord! Please inform Your beloved. Prophet about our situation.' Anyway, when the enemy felt that they were not coming down from the hill, they started to shoot the arrows heavily.. Due to this, Hadrat ‘Aşim" and some of his companions were martyred.. Only three men trusting the enemy came down and surrendered themselves to them. These included Hadrat Khubaib", Hadrat Zaid bin Dathinah, and a third man whose name the narrator does not recall. When the enemy captured these men and started to tie them, the third man said to the enemy: 'This is your first betrayal and breach of promise. By God! I will not accompany you. These companions" who have been martyred have set a good example for me. I will follow them.' The enemies dragged this. Companion and tried to compel him to obey them by using force. But he refused to go with them. So, they martyred him. They took Khubaib" and. Zaid bin Dathinah" with them and sold them (as slaves) to the Meccans.. This event took place after the Battle of Badr. Hadrat Khubaib had killed a. Meccan leader, Härith, in the Battle of Badr. So in revenge, the sons of. Härith bought Hadrat Khubaib". They kept Ḥadrat Khubaib™ as a prisoner for a long time and then decided to kill him. It happened that in those days. Hadrat Khubaib" had borrowed a razor for his personal use from the 142 га ra ra ra و га ra ra га

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa ra га ra ra daughter of Hārith. Hadrat Khubaib" was holding the razor in his hand when a son of that woman crawled inside and sat in the lap of Ḥadrat. Khubaib". When the daughter of Härith saw her son sitting in the lap of. Hadrat Khubaib", she became extremely distraught. Hadrat Khubaib noticed her fear and said: 'Do you fear that I will kill him? Do not expect such a cowardly act from me.' Later on, while describing this incident, the daughter of Harith said: 'By God! I did not see any prisoner better than. Khubaib. By Allāh! One day, I saw him eating a bunch of grapes he was holding in his hands, while he was handcuffed with chains though it was not the season for grapes in Mecca. In fact, it was a provision provided by. God Almighty to Khubaib".' When the sons of Harith took Khubaib" out of the sacred zone to the place of execution, he asked them to let him offer two rakʻat of Prayer. They permitted him to do so. Khubaib" finished offering two rak'at of Prayer and said: 'By God! Had I not worried that you might think that I am afraid of being killed, I would have offered the. Prayer a bit longer.' Khubaib" supplicated: 'My Lord! Count them and kill each of them, one by one, disgracefully. Do not leave anyone of them.'. Then Khubaib" recited the following couplets: ra га га فَلَسْتُ أَبَالِي حِيْنَ أُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمًا falastu ubali hina uqtalu musliman عَلَى أَيِّ جَنْبِ كَانَ لِلَّهِ مَصْرَعِى ‘ala ayyi janbin kāna lilſahi maṣraʻı وَ ذلِكَ فِي ذَاتِ الإِلهِ وَ اِنْ يَّشَأ 143

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa wa dhalika fi dhatil ilahi wa iñyyasha' يُبَارِكْ عَلَى أَوْصَالِ شِلْوِ مُمَزِّعِ. Sa yubarik 'ala auṣāli shilvin mumazzaʻı "Because, I am being killed as a Muslim and an innocent person, I mind not how. I fall or die in the cause of Allah. My death is for the sake of Allāh and to gain the pleasure of Allah. If Allāh pleases He can shower His blessings on the amputated pieces of my body." sa (As-Siratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Vol. 2, p. 170) ra sa. At the time, Hadrat Khubaib" was being prepared to be killed by the offspring of the forty Meccan leaders who were killed in the Battle of. Badr, he prayed, "O Allah! There is no one here who could convey my. Salam to the Holy Prophet". I request You to convey my Salam to the Holy. Prophet"." At that time the Holy Prophet" was sitting in the company of his Companions" 300 miles away in Medina. Suddenly, he went into the mode of receiving a revelation. Hadrat Usāma bin Zaid" said that suddenly we heard the Holy Prophet" say, 'Wa Alaikumussalam'. When the Holy. Prophet came out of the mode of receiving the revelation he said, "Gabriel came to convey Salām from Khubaib who has been martyred by the. Quraish." sa sa (As-Siratul Halabiyyah, 'Ali bin Burhanuddin, Vol. 3, P. 260, Printed in Beirut,. Lebanon) ra sa. Hadrat Khubaib is the same Companion of the Holy Prophet who became instrumental for the Sunnah (practice) of offering funeral. Prayer for the ones sentenced to death in captivity. After receiving information about this terrible incident from God Almighty on the day the. Companions who had gone on the expedition were martyred, the Holy 144 та ,

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa ra sa ra га. Prophet told his Companions" about it and offered the funeral Prayer.. When the Quraish found out that Hadrat ‘Asim had been martyred, some of them went to collect his body or a part of it. The reason was that Hadrat 'Aşim had killed a prominent leader of the Quraish in the Battle of Badr, and they wanted to disgrace Hadrat 'Aşim's" body in revenge. However, to protect his body, God sent in a large hive of bees or swarm of wasps, like a shadow, which stung those who wanted to disgrace Ḥaḍrat ‘Āṣim's body.. They could not cut off anything from his flesh. ra ra (Sahih Bukhari, Kitab al-Mghāzī, Bāb ghazwatassarji' wa raʻal wa dhakwan). Martyrdom of Muslims at Bi'r Ma'ūnah sa sa га га sa sa. The Holy Prophet" was saddened to learn about the martyrdom of his six Companions" as a result of the treachery of Hudhail. During this period of anguish, Abū Barā' ‘Āmir ibn Mālik came to see the Holy. Prophet. The Holy Prophet" preached to Abū Barā' and encouraged him to accept the message of Islām. However, Abū Barā' did not accept the message. At the same time, he requested the Holy Prophet to send some of his Companions" to convey the message of Islām to the people of Najd.. The Holy Prophet" was reluctant to do so as he was worried that this may not be another treacherous scheme to harm Islām as was done earlier by the Hudhail tribe. However, Abū Bara' assured the Holy Prophet" that he will be their guardian and protector. Abū Barā' being a notable person with strong influence among his people was a trustworthy person. Accordingly, the Holy Prophet sent with Abū Barā' around seventy Hafiz-e-Qur'an (reciters) under the leadership of Mundhir ibn 'Amr. Most of them were. Anṣār. The delagation left on their mission and reached the place known as, 'Bi'r Ma'ūnah', located close to the borders of Banu ‘Amir and Banū. Sulaim. From there, they sent the message of the Holy ProphetⓇ through. HḤarām ibn Milḥān to ‘Amir ibn al-Țufail. ‘Amir ibn al-Ṭufail did not bother to read the Holy Prophet's" letter and killed the messenger. sa sa. Sa 145

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Furthermore, he incited the people of Banu Amir against the Muslims and urged them to kill them. However, due to the protection given by Abū. Barā', the tribesmen refused to do so. Then 'Āmir ibn al-Ṭufail contacted the people of other tribes to do the job. Some of them responded and killed the Muslims. Only, Ka'b ibn Zaid and ‘Amr ibn Umayyah survived. Ka‘b ibn Zaid was severely wounded and was left for dead. 'Amr ibn Umayyah was freed by 'Amir ibn al-Ṭufail as an atonement to fulfill his mother's pledge to compensate for a man's life which she owed. Seventy. Hafiz-e-Qur'an Companions" were martyred. sa sa. The martyrdom of Muslims at Bi'r Ma'ūnah was very painful and distressing for the Holy Prophet". All the Muslims were saddened to learn about the fate of their brethren. The Holy Prophet" put the blame of this tragedy solely upon Abū Barā'. However, Abū Barā' was also saddened with the tragedy and wanted to take revenge from 'Amir ibn al-Tufail for violating his protective agreement with the Muslims. Accordingly, he sent his own son, al-Rājī' to kill ‘Āmir ibn al-Tufail. (Sirah Al-Halabiyyah, Vol. 3, pp. 240-244; The Life of Muhammad", A. Sa. Translation of Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasulullah, pp.433-436, A. Guillaume,, Oxford. University Press, Reprinted in Pakistan, 2004) 146

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa 8. Encounter with Banu Muṣṭaliq and Battle of. Ahzab (Battle of the Ditch). Encounter with Banu Mustaliq sa sa. After the Battle of Uḥud, the Meccans faced severe famine. Despite the intense hostility of the Meccans towards the Holy Prophet", the Holy. Prophet collected funds to help the Meccans. However, this goodwill gesture by the Holy Prophet" towards the Meccans was ignored by the. Meccans and they continued their hostile attitude. Instead their hostility increased to the extent that previously neutral tribes also became hostile towards the Muslims. One such tribe was the tribe of Banu Mustaliq.. When the Holy Prophet" learned that Banu Mustaliq was preparing to attack Medina he sent a group of people towards Banu Mustaliq to do reconnaissance and to determine their real intentions. The reconnaissance party confirmed that the Banu Mustaliq tribe planned to attack Medina.. The Holy Prophet decided to face the Banu Mustaliq fighters in their own territory. Before the start of the fighting between the Muslim and the Banū. Mustaliq forces, the Holy Prophet" tried to convince the leaders of the. Banu Mustaliq tribe to withdraw their forces without a fight. However, they did not accept the suggestion made by the Holy Prophet" to avoid the bloodshed on both sides. Consequently, a fight pursued between the two forces and within a few hours the Banu Mustaliq forces were defeated. sa sa (al-Tabari, Vol. 8, p. 51). The hypocrites of Medina also had accompanied the Muslims to 147

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa $8 sa fight the Banu Mustaliq. Their real intention was to create mischief among the Muslims. However, the fighting between the Muslim and the Banū. Mustaliq forces ended so fast that the hypocrites did not get the chance to act upon their plans. After defeating the Banu Mustaliq, the Holy Prophet decided to stay in the area for a couple of days. During this period, it so happened that a Meccan Muslim (a Muhajir) had an argument with a. Muslim from Medina (a Nasir) over drawing water from a well. The. Medinite Muslim shouted for help from the Anşar while the Meccan. Muslim asked for help from the Muhajirin. Both parties were ready to fight each other. ‘Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salūl was one of the hypocrites who had accompanied the Muslim forces to create mischief. He thought it a golden opportunity to carry out his plan. So he made a speech with the intention to incite the Medinites against the Meccans. However, his tactics failed. The Medinites and Meccans resolved the issue peacefully. 'Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salūl was so sure, in his mind, that the argument amongst the Ansar and the Muhajirin will lead to a discord amongst the. Muslims that in his speech he said, "When we return to Medina the most honored among the citizens will kick out the most despised." By the most honored, he meant himself and by the most despised he meant the Holy. Prophet. Upon hearing such despicable comments, the Muslims realized that the hypocrites had come along with them just to create mischief. When the Holy Prophet" learned about what 'Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salūl had said he sent for ‘Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salūl and his companions and asked them about the comments. All of them denied making such a statement. The Holy Prophet said nothing to them. However, many people had heard 'Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salül make the statement. So the comment started to reverberate. When 'Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salūl's son heard about the comments, he at once went to see the Holy Prophet and said, "O Messenger of Allah! My father has insulted. you. If you decide that death is his punishment, I would like to be the one who kills my father." The Holy Prophet" told him that he did not intend to punish his father. Rather he will be compassionate to him. However, 'Abdullāh bin. Ubayy bin Salul's son was so full of anger against his father that when he returned to Medina he stopped his father on the way, and told him that he 148 sa sa. Sa sa да sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa 58 sa sa would not let him enter Medina until he repudiated what he had said about the Holy Prophet. He told his father that he must say, "The Holy Prophet is most honored and I am most despised." 'Abdullāh bin Ubayy bin Salūl was astonished and frightened to see his son treating him like this. So, he agreed and said, "The Holy Prophet" is most honored and I am most despised." (As-Siratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Vol. 4, pp. 303-304; Misbahul Munir fi. Tahzīb-e-Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Abridged), Vol. 9, pp. 653-656; William Muir, The. Life of Muhammad, Vol. 3, Chapter 16). Battle of Ahzab (Battle of the Ditch) sa. After repeatedly failing to destroy the new religion which was becoming stronger day by day, the Meccans tried to develop new strategies to annihilate the Muslims. They approached the Jews of Medina for help in destroying the Muslims. The Jewish tribe of Banu Nadir joined them, violating the pact they had made earlier with the Muslims. They intended to kill the Holy Prophet" and thus annihilate the new religion, Islām. The. Holy Prophet came to know of their intentions. The traitors were given the warning to stop their wrongdoing or they would be deported from. Medina. They refused to accept the advice and continued committing treacherous acts. Due to their treachery, they were expelled from Medina.. They moved to Khaibar which became a center of enmity against the. Muslims. They encouraged the Meccans to launch a new offensive to finish the Muslims forever. Accordingly the Meccans made a plan to attack. Medina. Thus, they were able to arouse general hostility against the. Muslims throughout Arabia, and made agreements with most of the tribes under which they were obligated to raise an army against the Muslims.. This army, known as the Confederates, was estimated at eighteen to twenty thousand men. When the news of the Meccans' intention to attack Medina reached the Holy Prophet", he consulted his Companions" to decide how to face the enemy in their latest offensive against them. Ḥaḍrat Salmān. Fāris suggested that trenches should be dug around the city to keep the ra 149

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa за enemy outside Medina. The Holy Prophet accepted his suggestion. Thus, a deep and wide trench was dug on the side of Medina which was open to the plain, and was the most probable side for attack by the enemy. On the other sides some security was offered by a range of hills, by the strongholds of the remaining Jewish tribe, and by some houses and groves which lay thickly together. The Jewish tribe was in alliance with the. Muslims and was bound by the terms of the Charter of Medina to cooperate in the defense of the town. The Holy Prophet" himself took part in the digging of the trench. The condition of the Holy Prophet and his. Companions during the digging of the trench is well described in the following traditions: sa га ra sa sa. Hadrat Jabir relates: "On the day of the Battle of the Ditch we were digging and encountered a big solid rock. They came to the Holy. Prophet and said: "There is a very hard piece of rock appearing across the. Ditch. The Holy Prophet" said: 'I shall descend into the ditch. He stood up and it was noticed that he had tied a piece of rock over his stomach for we had not eaten anything for three days. He took up a pick-axe and struck (the big solid rock) with it and it became like sand. I asked the Holy. Prophet's permission to go home and said to my wife: 'I have seen the. Holy Prophet in a condition that I am unable to endure. Do you have anything in the house?" She said: 'I have some barley and a she-goat.' I slaughtered the goat and ground down the barley and we put the meat in the cooking pot. The flour had been kneaded and the meat in the pot was nearly cooked, then I went to the Holy Prophet". I said to the Holy sa sa sa. Sa. Prophet: 'I have some food, Messenger" of Allāh, will you come with one or two?' He asked: 'How much food is there?' I told him everything in detail. He said: 'That is more than enough. Tell your wife not to take the pot off the fire nor remove the bread from the oven till I arrive.' Then he said to the Muhajirin and the Anşar. 'Get up.' They all got up.. I went to my wife and said: 'Bless you, the Holy Prophet", the. Emigrants, the Helpers and the whole company are coming over.' She said: 'Did he ask you (How much do we have)?' I said: 'Yes.' The Holy Prophet 150 sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa ra said to his Companions": "Enter, but do not crowd.' Then he started breaking up the bread and putting meat on it. He would take a portion from the pot and the oven, then cover them up and approach his Companions and hand it over to them. He would then go back and uncover the pot and oven. He continued to break up the bread and putting meat on it till all had eaten to their fill and some was still left over. Then he said to my wife: 'Eat of it, and send it as a present, for people who have been afflicted with hunger.' sa sa ra. In another Hadith it is related that Hadrat Jäbir" relates: "When the. Ditch was being dug, I saw that the Holy Prophet" was hungry. So I went to my wife and asked her whether she had anything? I have seen that the. Holy Prophet is extremely hungry. She brought a bag to me which contained one Sa' of barley and we had a domestic ram. I slaughtered the ram and my wife grinded the barley. After grinding she came to me. I cut the meat into pieces and put it into a cooking pot. Then I returned to the. Holy Prophet. My wife told me not to disgrace her in front of the Holy. Prophet and his Companions". I came to the Holy Prophet" and told him in low voice, 'Messenger" of Allāh, we have slaughtered a ram and have grinded one Sa' of barley. Please come with a few Companions".' The. Holy Prophet said in loud voice, 'O the inhabitants of the Ditch, Jäbir has invited us. Let us go.' The Holy Prophet" told me not to remove the cooking pot from the fire and not to start making bread till he comes. I returned and Holy Prophet also came walking in front of the people.. When I returned, my wife dubbed me as careless and neglectful. I told her that I did just as she had told. She brought the flour. The Holy Prophet sa sa sa sa sa. Sa blessed it by mixing his saliva in it. Then he went to our cooking pot and blessed it also by putting his saliva in it. Then he said, 'Call a lady-baker to help you in cooking the bread. Start serving the curry but do not remove the pot from the fire.' They were around one thousand. I swear by Allāh that all of them ate to their full while our cooking pot was still steaming and our dough was still being baked into breads.'" (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Maghazi, Bab Ghazwah Khandaq) 151

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa. During the Battle of Ahzāb, the Holy Prophet" used to do the following prayer for the defeat of the enemy: ra. Hadrat Abdullah bin Abi Aufa" relates a prayer of the Holy. Prophet which he supplicated at the occasion of the Battle of Aḥzāb. sa الْأَحْزَابَ اللَّهُمَّ اهْزِمْهُمْ اللَّهُمَّ مُنْزِلَ الْكِتَابِ ، سَرِيْعَ الْحِسَابِ اهْزِمِ وَزَلْزِلْهُمْ allahumma munzilal kitabi, sari'al hisabi, ihzimil aḥzāba allahummahzimhum wa zalzilhum. O Allah! The revealer of the Holy Book and swift in taking an account! Defeat the confederates. O Allah! Defeat them and destroy them. sa (Sahih Bukhari Kitabul Maghazi, Bab Ghazwatil Khandaqi wahyal Aḥzabu) sa sa. During the digging of the trenches when the Holy Prophet struck the big solid rock with his pick-axe, there appeared a bright flash of light and the Holy Prophet said, "Allahu Akbar". He struck again. Again a light came out and again the Holy Prophet" siad in a loud voice, "Allahu. Akbar". He struck the third time. Light came out again and the Holy. Prophet again said, "Allahu Akbar" and the rock shattered to pieces. The. Companions" asked the Holy Prophet" about the significance of the light and why he said "Allahu Akbar" each time there was the light. The Holy. Prophet smiled and told them, "I struck the rock three times with the pick-axe, and three times I saw the scenes of the future glory of Islām. In the first spark I saw the Syrian palaces of the Roman Empire. I had the keys of those palaces given to me. The second time, I saw the palaces of. Persia and Mada'in, and had the keys of Persian Empire given to me. The third time, I saw the gates of San'a and I had the keys of the kingdom of. Yemen given to me. These are the promises of Allāh and I trust you will 152. Sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa 58 put reliance in them. The enemy can do you no harm. (Zurqāni, Sharh Mawāhib al-Ladunniyya, Vol. 3, pp. 31-32, Dărul Kutabul '‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut, Lebanon; Al-Tabari, Vol. 8, p. 12; Fath al-Bāri, Ḥafiz Ibni. Hajar, Vol. 7; Muhammad Al-Ghazali, Fiqh-us-Sirah, p. 308; Ishaq, p. 451). The Persian and Roman empires were the two main powers at that time. The Muslims were overjoyed to hear the prophecy. On the contrary, the Jews, the hypocrites and the idolators were amused and made fun of the prophecy of the Holy Prophet". Within a few years after the demise of the Holy Prophet, his prophecy was fulfilled.. The sa sa. Banu Quraizah Punished for Their. Treachery. When the trench was dug on the plain side of Medina, the. Muslim fighting force was spread all around to defend the city from inside. When the Meccan army which was close to ten thousand in number reached Medina they were surprised to see the trench and were unable to figure out why the trench has been dug and how to overcome the obstacle. So they decided to wait outside the city and plan to try to cross the trench. All their efforts to cross the trench were thwarted by the Muslims. The long stay had caused them to exhaust their supplies and the army's morale was waning.. So they became worried and hatched a plot with the Jews of Banū. Quraizah in Medina. Muslims were surrounded from all sides except the side where Banu Quraizah lived. Ḥuyyay bin Akhtab, the Jewish Chief went to the leaders of Banu Quraizah to convince them to blockade the Muslims and cut their food and water supply.. First they resisted following his plan. However, under consistant pressure from Ḥuyyay, the leaders of Banū Quraizah agreed to his suggestion of cutting the water and food supply to the Muslims.. The Holy Prophet" came to know of their treacherous plans and he conveyed the message to the Jews of Banu Quraizah. They were sa 153

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa 154 sa told to think of the consequences for them if the Meccans were defeated. The Holy Prophet" sent a deputation of three men which included the heads of Aus, Khazraj tribes and an emigrant to talk with them and to assess the situation. They found the leaders of the. Banu Quraizah very arrogant and in an evil mood. Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, the head of the Aus tribe tried his best to convince them not to break their covenant and also warned them of the consequences of their treacherous behavior. However, they still supported the. Meccans. Thus, they had broken their covenant with the Muslims.. The deputation returned and told the Holy Prophet" about the attitude of the Banu Quraizah. The enemy planned to attack Medina from three directions while the Banu Quraizah were asked to fight the Muslims from their side.. Relying on the loyalty of the Jews and their duty with respect to the defense of Medina, the Holy Prophet* had posted no forces for the purpose of guarding the Muslim quarters of the town, and had left only a handful of watchmen to supervise the security of the women and children. га. One day the enemy sent a spy to find out whether guards had been posted for the protection of the women and children, and, if so, in what strength. There was a special enclosure for families which the enemy regarded as their special target. The spy came and began to do surveillance around this enclosure. While he was doing so, Hadrat Safiyyah", an aunt of the Holy Prophet" spotted him.. Only one male adult happened to be on guard duty at the time and even he was ill. Hadrat Safiyyah" reported to the guard what she had seen and told him to catch him before he was able to give information to the enemy about the protection arrangements for the women and children in the area. The guard on duty refused to do anything. Upon which Hadrat Safiyyah" herself picked up a staff and began to fight the spy sent by the enemies. With the help of other women she was able to overpower and kill him. He turned out to be an agent of the Banu Quraizah. га

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa 52 sa. When it became known to the Holy Prophet" that the. Confederates had won over the Jews to their side, he assigned two brigades of men, three hundred and two hundred strong respectively, to the Muslim quarters of the town to take measures for their defense against the Jews should they attempt an attack.. This reduced the forces at his disposal at the trench facing the. Confederate army to seven hundred and fifty men. Again, the disparity in numbers and in every other respect between the opposing forces was not only striking but pitiful. The plight of the. Muslims is described in the Holy Qur'ān: إِذْ جَاءُوكُمْ مِنْ فَوْقِكُمْ وَمِنْ أَسْفَلَ مِنْكُمْ وَ إِذْ زَاغَتِ الْاَبْصَارُ وَبَلَغَتِ الْقُلُوْبُ الْحَنَاجِرَ وَ تَظُنُّونَ بِاللَّهِ الظُّلُوْنَا 0 هُنَالِكَ ابْتُلِيَ الْمُؤْمِنُوْنَ وَزُلْزِلُوا زِلْزَالَا شَدِيدًا 0 وَ إِذْ يَقُوْلُ الْمُنْفِقُوْنَ وَالَّذِيْنَ فِي قُلُوْبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ مَّا وَعَدَنَا اللَّهُ وَ رَسُوْلُةٌ إِلَّا غُرُورًا ) وَ إِذْ قَالَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِّنْهُمْ يَأْهْلَ يَثْرِبَ لَا مُقَامَ لَكُمْ فَارْجِعُوْا وَ يَسْتَأْذِنُ فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمُ النَّبِيِّ يَقُوْلُوْنَ إِنَّ بُيُوْتَنَا عَوْرَةً وَمَا هِيَ بِعَوْرَةٍ إِنْ يُرِيدُونَ إِلَّا فِرَارًا 0 ج idh ja'ūkummin fauqikum wa min asfala minkum wa idh zagatil abṣāru wa balagatil qulūbul ḥanājira wa taṇunnūna billahizzununa hunalikab tuliyal mu'minūna wa zulzilū zilzalan shadıda wa idh yaqūlul munāfiqūna walladhīna fi qulubihim maradumma wa‘adanallahu wa rasuluhū illa ghurūra wa idh qalatta'ifa tumminhum ya ahla yathriba Ta 155

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156. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa muqāma lakum farji'u wa yasta'dhinu fariqumminhu munnabiyya yaqūlūna inna buyūtanā ‘aurah wamā hiya bi ‘auratin iñyyurīdūna illa firarā. When they came upon you from above you, and from below you, and when your eyes became distracted, and your hearts leapt to your throats and you entertained wayward thoughts about Allah. There and then were the believers sorely tried, and they were shaken with a violent shaking.. And when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts was a desease said, "Allāh and His Messenger promised us nothing but a delusion.' And when a party of them said, 'O people of Yathrib, you have possibly no stand against the enemy, therefore turn back.' And a section of them even asked leave of the Prophet, saying, 'Our houses are exposed and defenseless.'. And they were in truth not exposed. they only sought to flee away. (33:11-14). Before the day decided upon for the joint assault by the. Confederates and the Jews, relief came from an unexpected source: the weather. It was a stormy and turbulent night. The fierce wind caused great confusion in the Confederate camp. Further consternation arose when one of the tribal chiefs observed that the fire in front of his tent had gone out; according to Arab superstition, this portended death or defeat for him in the next day's fighting. To avoid this, the chief told his people to strike camp so that they could withdraw quietly into the desert for a day or two. This move was interpreted by both the Jew and Confederate as a device to secure safety against a feared night sortie by the. Muslims. The alarm spread and there was general panic. Tents were hastily pulled down, and a disorderly retreat ensued. When morning came, the whole plain in front of the trench was empty.. There was no trace of the Confederate forces. This is stated in the. Holy Qur'an as: يَّأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ جَاءَتْكُمْ جُلُوْدٌ

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بِمَا. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa ط فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحًا وَجُنُودًا لَّمْ تَرَوْهَا ، وَكَانَ اللهُ تَعْمَلُوْنَ بَصِيرًا ل ya ayyuhalladhina āmanudhkurū ni'matallahi ‘alaikum idh ja'atkum junūdun fa arsalnā ‘alaihim riḥañwwa junūdallam tarauha wa kanallahu bimā ta‘malūna başıra. O ye who believe! remember the favor of Allāh on you when there came down upon you hosts, and We sent against them a wind and hosts that you saw not. And Allah sees what you. do. (33:10). During one of the attacks, when a party of the Confederates had crossed the trench and were repulsed, a noted tribal chief was left dead on the Muslim side. His people, fearing that the Muslims would mutilate his dead body, as would have been their own procedure, offered a sum of ten thousand dirhems for the recovery of his body. They did not know that the Holy Prophet" had abolished all barbaric customs and that their fears were unfounded.. When their offer was conveyed to the Holy Prophet" he declined to receive any payment, saying, “A corpse has no value for us. They can remove it whenever they like." (The Excellent Exemplar Muhammad, Chaudhari Muhammad. Zafrulla Khan). Thus, despite the pitiful condition of the Muslims the. Quraish were unable to defeat unable to defeat the Muslims. They were disheartened and left for Mecca on foot, leaving behind their heavy armaments.. During the battle, the Banu Quraizah who had agreed with the Meccans to cut the food and water supply to the Muslims, started to threaten the women and children who were by themselves 157

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa 158. S& in the town as all their men had gone to the outskirts of Medina to fight the enemy forces. This had clearly shown that the Banū. Quraizah were traitors and a threat to the Muslims from the inside.. When the Muslims returned to Medina, the Holy Prophet* told them to besiege the fort of the Banu Quraizah. The siege had gone for twenty-five days when the Banū Quraizah felt that there was no way out except to surrender to the Holy Prophet" and make an sa sa sa sa sa sa sa sa agreement with him. The Holy Prophet" told them that they had to accept his decision which would be made based on justice. They refused to accept a decision by the Holy Prophet and asked the. Holy Prophet to send Abū Lubābah, an Ansari chief of the Aus, a tribe friendly to the Jews. They wanted to consult with him about a possible settlement. The Holy Prophet" sent Abū Lubābah to them.. They asked Abū Lubābah if they should lay down their arms and accept the decision of the Holy Prophet". Abū Lubābah told them that they should do so. However, they ignored Abū Lubābah's advice and refused to accept the Holy Prophet's" award. Instead, they said they would accept the award of an arbiter from their allies, Aus. The Holy Prophet agreed to this and asked Aus, "Would you like one of you to be an arbiter between Banū. Quraizah and me?" Aus replied, "Yes." The Holy Prophet said, "Then ask Banu Quraizah to choose one of you as an arbiter between themselves and me." The Banū Quraizah picked Sa'd bin. Mu'adh as an arbiter. They said that they would agree to the punishment proposed by Sa'd bin Mu'adh. The Holy Prophet accepted their demand and asked Sa'd bin Mu'adh to give his award on the Jewish breach of faith. Sa'd bin Mu'adh got an agreement signed by both parties that they will be bound to accept his decision. The people of the Aus tribe presented the case of. Banu Quraizah to Sa'd bin Mu'adh and pleaded for permission for the same that was permitted to Khazraj earlier. After deliberations. Sa'd bin Mu'adh rendered his decision which was in accordance with the Jewish law in such cases (Deut. 20:10-18) and read it to the parties. His decision was as follows:. Sa sa

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa "All the fighting men of Banu Quraizah will be put to death and all their women and children will be made captives.". It was a terrible sentence. However, the Jews had brought it upon themselves. First by their treachery, next by their resistance to the Muslims and finally by preferring the judgement of Sa'd bin. Mu'adh by the application of their own religious law to their offense rather than throwing themselves upon the well-established mercy of the Holy Prophet". According to the teachings of the. Bible, if the Jews had won and the Holy Prophet" had lost, all. Muslims men, women and children I would have been put to death. sa. A dispute arose among the Jews. Some of them began to say that their people had really gone back on their agreement with the Muslims. The behavior of the Muslims, on the other hand, showed that they were true and honest and that their religion also was true. Those who thought in this way joined Islām. It was the moral duty of the Muslims to forgive men like these. Before being put to death, the men of the Banu Quraizah were offered to accept. Islām, with an open mind. Thus, those who accepted Islām avoided their punishment for treason. Only four of them accepted Islām and they were spared. The rest of them refused and were put to death according to the decision of Sa'd bin Mu'adh, the implementation of which was binding for both parties. The enemy was unsuccessful in its mission and thus was badly defeated and demoralized.. The Jews and other critics of Islām often refer to this incident and criticize the Holy Prophet" that the treatment given to. Banu Quraizah was unjust and cruel. They should consider the incident taking into consideration the following: 1. The Muslims were exposed to an attack by a well-equipped and huge fighting force. The Banu Quraizah had an agreement with the Muslims not to collaborate with the enemies of the Muslims. Based on this agreement Muslims 159

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa 2. 3. felt safe from the side where the Banu Quraizah lived and had sent all the fighting force to face the enemy. The collaboration of the Banu Quraizah with the Meccans was a treason. The Holy Prophet himself under the treaty could have punished the Banu Quraizah for their treason and offered to set the punishment. sa. However, the Banu Quraizah did not accept that a decision sa made by the Holy Prophet" would have been based on justice and mercy. This was a mistake made by the Banu. Quraizah which ultimately resulted in their severe punishment.. The decision to punish them by putting them to death was made by a person whom they themselves had picked as an arbiter and the decision was made according to the Jewish. Law (Torah). 4. The arbiter had made both parties to sign that his decision will be final and accepted by both parties. Accordingly, the 5. sa. Holy Prophet was bound by the agreement to accept and implement the decision of the arbiter.. They were given the chance to accept Islām and avoid the punishment. Some of them did accept the offer and were spared. Only those who did not accept this offer were put to death according to the decision of the arbiter which they had appointed themselves.. A tradition about the incident is as follows:. Hadrat Ibn 'Umar relates, "Banū Naḍır and Banū Quraizah fought against the Holy Prophet" (violating their peace treaty). So the Holy. Prophet exiled Banu Nadir and allowed Banu Quraizah to remain in their places (in Medina) taking nothing from them till they fought (again). He 160 sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa then killed their men and distributed their women, children and property among the Muslims, but some of them came to the Holy Prophet and he granted them safety, and they embraced Islām. He exiled all the Jews from. Medina. They were the Jews of Banu Qainuqā'; the tribe of ‘Abdullāh bin. Salām and the Jews of Banu Haritha and all of the other Jews." (Sahih Bukhari, Kitāb al-Maghazi, Bab Hadith Banü Nadır wa Ghadrihim bi 58. Rasūlillah) sa sa sa. Until the expulsion of Banu Nadir from Medina, a Jew did all the correspondence for the Holy Prophet" as he could write letters in Hebrew,. Syriac and Arabic. When Banu Naḍīr and Banū Quraizah fought against the Holy Prophet (violating their peace treaty) the Holy Prophet no longer trusted a non-Muslim to write letters for him. Accordingly, the Holy. Prophet told Hadrat Zaid bin Thabit to learn the Hebrew and Syriac languages and assigned him the job of writing letters for him. This is stated in the following tradition: sa га ra sa. Hadrat Zaid bin Thabit relates that the Holy Prophet" told him to learn the Syriac language. ra. Another version is that the Holy Prophet" told him to learn the language which the Jews use for correspondence, as he had no confidence in what the Jews said or wrote about him. Hadrat Zaid bin Thabit further relates that within fifteen days he learned to read and write the Syriac language. After this, whenever the Holy Prophet needed to write anything to the Jews he dictated it to me and whenever he received any correspondence from the Jews, he read it to him. sa (Jami' Tirmidhi, Abwäbul Adab, Bab ma ja'a fi ta'limul siryaniyyah) 161

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa. Hudaibiyyah Pact (Sulh Hudaibiyyah) га sa sa 9. The Holy Prophet" saw in a dream that he along with his. Companions" was performing the Ṭawaf of the Holy Ka'bah. Accordingly, in the sixth year of Hijrah, the Holy Prophet" announced his intention to perform ‘Umrah. The Muslims were happy and enthusiastic to go to Mecca to perform 'Umrah. The Holy Prophet left for Mecca with 1,400 of his. Companions. They were strictly told not to carry any kind of weapons except their swords as they were going for 'Umrah. The Quraish of Mecca did not want the Muslims to enter Mecca. They decided to stop the. Muslims from entering Mecca with the use of force. Their top generals,. Khālid bin Walīd and ‘Ikrimah had prepared their army and were ready to stop the Holy Prophet" and his Companions" from entering Mecca. The. Muslim caravan continued to travel towards Mecca. When the Muslims reached a place called Hudaibiyyah, they stopped to determine the mood and intentions of the Meccans. Soon they found out that Meccans were ready to fight to stop them from entering Mecca.. Envoys were sent by each side to the other side. Muslim envoys made it crystal clear to the Quraish that they have come to perform 'Umrah. However, the Quraish mistreated the Muslim envoy and threatened to attack the Muslims. They were in no mood to allow the. Muslims to enter Mecca even for 'Umrah. They made it a matter of pride for themselves while the Muslims considered the refusal to enter Mecca by the Quraish humiliation. The Muslims became testy as they thought they could teach a lesson to the Quraish. However, they were prohibited to enter. Mecca with force, by the Holy Prophet", and they were obedient to the. Holy Prophet. 162

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sa sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa. Budail bin Warqa' of the Khuza' tribe conveyed the message of the. Holy Prophet to the Quraish that they had come to perform 'Umrah and not to have a fight with Meccans. The Quraish sent ‘Urwah to the Holy. Prophet with the message that under no circumstances would they let them enter Mecca. 'Urwah conveyed the message to the Holy Prophet. Upon returning to Mecca he told the Quraish leaders that he had seen the courts of Heraclius, Chosroes and Najjashī, but nowhere seen such obedience to a leader as he had seen in the court of Muhammad. When he talks there is complete silence and when he is performing wuḍū' his. Companions do not let the water fall on the ground. Rather, they collect the water in their hands and rub it on their hands and face. ra. The Oath of Ridwan (Bai'at-e-Ridwan) sa sa. Since nothing was decided during ‘Urwah's visit, the Holy. Prophet sent Hadrat Kharash bin Umayyah to the Quraish. The. Quraish, in anger, killed the mount of Kharash bin Umayyah and tried to kill him also. However, he was able to escape from the place and return safely. Then, the Holy Prophet sent Hadrat 'Uthman with a message to the Quraish. The Quraish detained him.. Meanwhile the rumor spread in the area that Hadrat 'Uthman had been killed by the Quraish. When this news reached the Holy. Prophet he said that they must take revenge of 'Uthmān's death. At that time, the Holy Prophet took an oath of allegiance under an acacia tree and this oath is called the "Bai'at-e-Ridwan (Oath of. Ridwan)". sa sa. The Quraish of Mecca after gathering information about the strength of the Muslim caravan had come to the conclusion that the. Muslims had no other intention to come to Mecca than to perform ‘Umrah.. The Quraish sent Suhail bin 'Amr as their envoy to talk with the Holy. Prophet". The Holy Prophet" asked Ḥaḍrat ‘Ali" to write an agreement with Suhail. When Hadrat 'Ali" started to write the agreement and wrote, ra 163

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa sa га sa 'In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful', Suhail bin 'Amr objected to it and siad that instead of it 'bi ismkallahum' should be written.. The Holy Prophet" told Ḥadrat ‘Ali" to write as suggested by Suhail. Then, with the name, Muhammad', Hadrat 'Ali" wrote the 'Messenger of Allāh'.. Again Suhail objected to it and insisted that as is the custom in Arabs the name of the father should be written with 'Muhammad' instead of the 'Messenger of Allāh'. The Holy Prophet" said, "By Allāh! I am the Prophet of God. However, write as Suhail desires." Ḥaḍrat ‘Ali" showed hesitance to delete the word 'Rasulullah'. At this the Holy Prophet asked Ḥadrat 'Ali to point to him where the word, 'Rasulullah is written so that he could erase it. Hadrat 'Ali" obliged and the Holy Prophet" himself erased the word, 'Rasulullah' in the written agreement. ra ra га sa sa. After negotiations an agreement was signed between the two parties which was acceptable to both and it is called the 'Pact of. Hudaibiyyah. The conditions laid down in the agreement were as follows:. In the name of Allāh. These are the conditions of peace between. Muḥammad, son of 'Abdullāh and Suhail ibn 'Amr, the envoy of Mecca.. There will be no fighting for ten years. Anyone who wishes to join. Muḥammad and to enter into any agreement with him is free to do so.. Anyone who wishes to join the Quraish and to enter into an agreement with them is also free to do so. A young man, or one whose father is alive, if he goes to Muhammad without permission from his father or guardian, will be returned to his father or guardian. But should anyone go to the. Quraish, he will not be returned. This year Muḥammad will go back without entering Mecca. But next year he and his followers can enter. Mecca, spend three days and perform the circuit. During these three days the Quraish will withdraw to the surrounding hills. When Muḥammad and his followers enter Mecca, they will be unarmed except for the sheathed swords which wayfarers in Arabia always have with them. 164. SE. SA (The Life of Muḥammad, A Translation of Ibn Isḥāq's Sīrat Rasūlullah, p.504,. A. Guillaume,, Oxford University Press, Reprinted in Pakistan, 2004)

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Thus, the salient features of the agreemet were: sa 1.. The Muslims will not enter Mecca this year. 2.. The Muslims can enter Mecca next year. However, they will go back to Medina after three days' stay in Mecca. 3. 4. 5. 6. sa sa. The Meccans taking refuge with the Holy Prophet" would be handed over to the Quraish, but the Muslims taking refuge in Mecca would not be handed over to the Muslims.. There will be peace between the two parties for ten years.. The Muslims could go to Mecca and Ta'if and the Quraish could go to Syria through the Muslim areas.. Each party will not take part if there is a war between one of the parties and a third party.. Any tribe wishing to sign an agreement with any of the two parties (Muslims and Quraish) could do so. (As-Sıratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Vol. 2, p.180) sa sa. At the time this agreement was being written, Hadrat Abū Jandal, the son of Suhail who was in chains and wounded somehow reached the. Holy Prophet. The Holy Prophet told Suhail to let Abū Jandal stay with him. However, Suhail did not agree. The Muslims felt real pain seeing the situation of Abū Jandal. The Holy Prophet said to Abū Jandal, "Be patient, God Almighty will certainly make a way for you and others who are being mistreated to come to us." Now an agreement has been signed and I cannot disregard the agreement. Thus, Abū Jandal who was in chains and wounded was returned to the Quraish.. The terms and conditions of the agreement appeared to be unfavorable to the Muslims. Initially, the Muslims were not happy with the terms and conditions of the agreement as it appeared to them a one-sided agreement. However, in the long run the terms and conditions turned out to be good for the Muslims. God Almighty gave them the glad tiding about 165

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa the agreement: إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُّبِيْنَا هُ $8 innā fataḥnā laka fatḥammubīnā. Verily, We have granted you a clear victory. (48:2) (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Maghāzi, Bāb Ghazwahtil Hudaibiyyah wa Qaulillah. Ta. 'ala). In fact, the agreement was a victory for the Muslims as it gave them the opportunity to communicate with the other party and live a little at ease due to the decrease in tension between the two parties. Meccans now could come to Medina which provided the opportunity for the. Muslims to convey the message of Islām to them. In fact, the number of. Meccans accepting Islām after the pact increased dramatically and. Meccans of great fame such as, Khalid bin Walīd" and ‘Amr bin 'As accepted Islām during this time. It also helped the Muslims in Mecca to escape to Medina when the extradition clause of the agreement was abolished later on. sa ra та га га. After signing the agreement with the Quraish, the Holy Prophet" told the Companions" to sacrifice their animals at Hudaibiyyah. However, the Companions were so heart-broken that no one got up to sacrifice his animal. The Holy Prophet" came back to his tent and told about the incident to Hadrat Ummi Salamah" who was accompanying the Holy. Prophet. Hadrat Ummi Salamah" was a very intelligent lady. She told the. Holy Prophet" that he should go out and sacrifice his animal, remove. Ihram and get his head shaved. When the Holy Prophet" sacrificed his animal the Muslims rushed to sacrifice their animals in such a hurry that it was worried that they may not accidentally hurt each other. The. Companions" after performing the sacrifice removed their Ihram and shaved their head. 166

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa га sa ra sa. After the signing of the Hudaibiyyah pact, the Muslims started to travel to Mecca which attracted many good-natured people in Mecca towards Islām and they accepted Islām. The notable amongst them were. Hadrat Khalid bin Walid and Ḥaḍrat ‘Amr bin ‘Āṣ. Sometime after the. Hudaibiyyah agreement, a strange incident took place which resulted in the removal of the clause in the agreement that the Muslims leaving Mecca for Medina must be returned to Mecca. What happened was that Ḥadrat "Utbah bin Usaid" ran away from Mecca and reached Medina. The Quraish sent two men to the Holy Prophet" to ask for the return of ‘Utbah bin. Usaid fulfilling one of the clauses of the agreement. The Holy Prophet followed the agreement and gave the custody of Ḥadrat ‘Utbah” to the two. Quraish who had come from Mecca to take him back. When the three of them reached a place called, Dhul Hulaifah, Hadrat ‘Utbah" killed one of the Quraish who were taking him back to Mecca. The other got scared and ran away, leaving Hadrat ‘Utbah free to live wherever he wanted. Hadrat "Utbah" decided not to go to Medina and started to live close to. Dhumarwah near the sea. When the other Muslims who were being mistreated in Mecca came to know about the place where Hadrat ‘Utbah' had gone to live, they also started to come and settle there. This process continued and when a large number of Muslims settled there they started to attack the business caravans of the Quraish who had to pass through the area to go to Syria for business. Since the Quraish's survival totally depended upon business and they were having difficulties in travelling to. Syria for business, they wrote to the Holy Prophet" to abolish the clause in the agreement which prohibits the Muslims of Mecca from going to. Medina. Anyone could go and live in Medina. When the Muslims in. Mecca came to know about the removal of the clause concerning travel to. Medina they migrated to Medina in large numbers which included Abū. Jandal and settled there. ra sa ra. Ghazwah Dhi Qarad (Ghazwah Ghābah). Ghābah is a valley having many springs about five miles from 167

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa. Medina towards Syria. Since the battle started at Ghābah and ended at Dhi. Qarad the battle is known as the Ghazwah Dhi Qarad and Ghazwah. Ghabah. The battle started soon after the Holy Prophet's" return to Medina after Sulh Hudaibiyyah. The background of this battle is as follows: sa ra ra га sa ra. Some camels belonging to the Holy Prophet" used to graze in the. Ghābah area under the supervision of Ḥaḍrat Abu Dharr Ghaffārī. One night, ‘Uyainah bin Hisn, the chief of Banü Fazarah, a branch of the tribes of Ghaṭafān, attacked with 40 of his colleagues to steel the camels. In the attack the son of Hadrat Abu Dharr Ghaffari" was martyred while the wife of Hadrat Abu Dharr Ghaffārī" was captured by the enemy. However,. Hadrat Abu Dharr Ghaffari" was successful in escaping from the attack.. The attackers rounded up all the camels and began moving them towards their homeland. In the morning, Hadrat Salamah bin al-Akwa' who was on surveillance duty, by chance, reached the area and saw that the camels of the Holy Prophet" were being stolen. Rabāḥ", the servant of the Holy. Prophet was also riding with Hadrat Salamah bin al-Akwa. Hadrat. Salamah bin al-Akwa sent Rabah" to the Holy Prophet to inform him that his camels have been stolen by Fazārī dacoits, while he himself followed the Fazārī dacoits. As soon as the Holy Prophet" learned about the incident he called his Companions" to come to him with their military gears. As soon as the Companions" heard the announcement they immediately gathered close to the Holy Prophet". The Holy Prophet appointed Hadrat Sa'd bin Zaid" as commander of the force. Soon the. Companions" from all around the area started to gether there. The Holy. Prophet appointed Hadrat Ibn Ummi Maktūm" as Amir (in-charge) of. Medina and left three hundred fighters in Medina underr the command of. Hadrat Sa'd bin 'Ubadah" for the protection of the civilian residents of. Medina. 168 sa ra ra га га ra ra га sa sa га. Sa. Hadrat Salamah bin al-Akwa who was a brave fighter with

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa ra ra sa ra extraordinary running ability pursued the Fazārī dacoits and attacked them so fiercely and with such confidence that the dacoits became helpless against his attacks. He kept on attacking the dacoits and single-handedly was able to get all the camels stolen by the dacoits freed. Thus he kept the enemy bewildered and at bay till he saw the Holy Prophet and his. Companions" approaching near to him. Then the Holy Prophet* sent an advance party of eight fighters to attack the enemy. One of them, Hadrat. Maḥraz bin Naḍlah", reached close to Abdur Rahman, the son of ‘Uyainah bin Hisn and seriously injured his horse. However, Abdur Raḥmān was able to injure Ḥaḍrat Maḥraz bin Naḍlah" with his spear. The injury became fatal for him. In the meantime, Hadrat Abu Qatadah attacked. Abdur Rahman and killed him and then he also killed Habib bin ‘Uyainah.. While the Holy Prophet" along with his fighters was pursuing the enemy,. Hadrat Salamah bin al-Akwa went so far away in pursuit of the dacoits that he became invisible to the Muslim force. Hadrat Salamah bin al-Akwa did not let the dacoits rest or eat and drink throughout his pursuit. They became so disorganized and disoriented with continuous relentless pursuit of them by Hadrat Salamah bin al-Akwa" that they ran away and left their horses behind. Hadrat Salamah bin al-Akwa" brought these horses to the Holy Prophet". ra ra sa га sa sa ra. After the defeat of the enemy, the Holy Prophet and his. Companions arrived at the spring in the valley of Dhi Qarad where his camels used to graze. He had collected most of his camels after getting them freed from the dacoits. Moreover, all the war booty the enemy had left was also collected and brought here. Ḥaḍrat Bilāl™ slaughtered a camel and the meat was used to arrange dinner for the Holy Prophet and his. Companions". sa (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Jihad wal-Yusr, Bab Ghazwah Dhi Qarad) 169

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa 10. Invitations Sent to Various Rulers to Accept. Islām sa. After the Hudaibiyyah Pact, the Holy Prophet sent letters to. Heraclius, the Roman Emperor, Chosroes, the king of Persia, Negus, the king of Abyssinia, the ruler of Egypt and other Arab leaders inviting them to accept the message of Islām. 170. Letter Sent to Heraclius, the Roman. Emperor sa. When Heraclius received the letter of the Holy Prophet he made an inquiry about the new religion which is stated in the following tradition: ra sa га sa. Hadrat Ibn 'Abbās relates that Hadrat Abu Sufyan stated this to him: "During the days when the Hudaibiyyah treaty was signed between us and the Holy Prophet", I went on a business trip to Syria. I was still in Syria when a letter from the Holy Prophet reached Heraclius, the Roman Emperor. The letter was brought by. Diḥyah al-Kalbi. When the letter reached Heraclius, he asked his people, 'Is there anyone here from the people of the Arab who claims to be a Prophet?' They said, 'Yes.' Thus, along with the party of Quraish, I was also called to see Heraclius. When we arrived in the royal court of Heraclius, we were made to sit facing Heraclius.. Heraclius said: 'Is anyone here a near-relative of the Arab who

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa га claims to be a Prophet?' Abu Sufyan" said, 'I am his near-relative.'. Thus, I was seated right in front of Heraclius, while the rest of the members of the group were seated behind me. Heraclius called an interpreter and told him to tell the people sitting behind me that he ra ra ra will ask Abu Sufyan" about the Arab who has claimed to be a. Prophet. If he tells a lie, you let me know through a gesture that he is telling a lie. Abū Sufyan said, 'By God! If I was not scared that the people, sitting behind me would let Heraclius know that I am telling a lie, I definitely would have told lies. Anyway, Heraclius asked us through his interpreter, 'What is the lineage of your. Messenger?' Abu Sufyan" said that he responded, 'He belongs to a very noble family.' Then Heraclius said, 'Has there been any king in his forefathers?' I told him, 'No.' Then he said, 'Did you ever notice him telling a lie before claiming to be a Messenger?' I replied, 'No.'. Then he said, 'Did the rich and the powerful accept his claim or the poor?' I replied, 'The poor and the weak have accepted his claim.'. Then he asked, 'Are his followers increasing or decreasing in number?" I replied, 'They are increasing.' Then he asked, 'Did anyone renounce his faith after becoming a Muslim, considering it a bad religion?' I replied, 'No.' Then he asked, 'Did you ever fight a battle with him? I told him,'Yes.' He asked, 'What was the result of the battle?' I responded, 'Sometimes they had the upper hand and the other times we had the upper hand. Sometimes we were successful while other times they were successful.' Then he asked, 'Did he ever break an agreement or deal treacherously?' I said, 'Until now he has neither broken an agreement nor has he dealt treacherously. However, we have just entered into a treaty with him, and I don't know how he will behave regarding the treaty.' Abū. Sufyan said, 'By God! Throughout the conversation, except this last statement, I did not get any chance to say anything against the. Holy Prophet. Then he asked, 'Did anyone else make such a claim before him in his people?' I replied, 'No.' The king told his interpreter to tell me the following: 'When I asked you about the lineage of the claimant of the Prophethood, you stated that he belongs to a very noble family. Messengers always belong to noble ra sa 171

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sa 172. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa families. I asked you if there has been a king in his forefathers? You responded no. From this, I concluded that had there been a king in his forefathers, he might be desirous of regaining the kingdom of his forefathers. I asked you about his followers, whether they are rich and powerful? You replied they are weak and poor. In the beginning, always the poor and weak accept the Messengers. I asked you, Did you ever blame him for telling a lie before he claimed to be a Prophet? You said, 'No.' I was convinced that the one who does not tell a lie to the people, how can he tell a lie about. God? Then I asked you, Did any one of his followers apostatize after accepting Islām due to disliking Islām? You said, 'No.' This is the case with a true faith. When someone accepts a faith with clarity of mind, it is very difficult for him to turn away from that faith. I asked you, Whether they are increasing or decreasing in number?. You said, 'They are increasing in number and also in steadfastness.'. This is always the case with true faiths. I asked you, Did you ever fight a battle with him? You said, 'We have fought several battles.. Sometimes they had the upper hand in the battle and other times we had the upper hand. Sometimes we were successful while the other times they were successful.' This is the case with the Messengers of. God. In the beginning, they went through many trials but ultimately they were triumphant. I asked you, did he ever break an agreement or deal treacherously? You said, 'No.' Such is the high status of the. Prophets. They never break an agreement. Then I asked, Has anyone among your people claimed to be a Prophet before him?. You said, 'No.' From this, I concluded that since there had not been a Prophet in his people he is not imitating anyone. Abū Sufyan” said that then, Heraclius asked him, 'What did he (i.e., the Holy. Prophet) command you to do?' I said, 'He commanded us to observe Prayer, pay Zakāt, strengthen the ties of kinship, tell the truth, be pious and chaste.' Hearing this Heraclius said, 'If everything you have told is true, then definitely he is a Prophet. I was expecting the coming of a Prophet. However, I did not know that the Prophet would be commissioned from among your people.. Had the circumstances permitted me, I certainly would have gone to see this Prophet. Had I visited him, I would have washed his feet. ra

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa ra sa. The kingdom of this Prophet will reach the land where I stand.' Abū. Sufyan said, 'Heraclius asked for the letter of the Holy Prophet in which the following was written: 'I begin with the name of Allah, the most Gracious, the most Merciful. This letter is from the. Prophet of Allāh, Muhammad", to the king of Rome, Heraclius.. Peace be upon him who follows the true guidance. I invite you to accept Islām. Accept Islam and be at peace. If you accept Islām you will have double reward from God. However, if you reject it and do not accept me then you will bear the sins of all the inhabitants of. Rome. In the letter the following verse was also written: قُلْ يَاهْلَ الْكِتب تَعَالَوْا إِلى كَلِمَةٍ سَوَاءٍ بَيْنَنَا وَ بَيْنَكُمْ أَلَّا نَعْبُدَ إلا الله وَ لَا نُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَّ لَا يَتَّخِذَ بَعْضُنَا بَعْضًا أَرْبَابًا مِّنْ اللهِ، فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَقُوْلُوْا اشْهَدُوا بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُوْنَ ) دُونِ qul ya ahlal kitabi ta'alau ila kalimatin sawa'im bainanā wa bainakum alla na‘budu ilallaha wa la nushrika bihi shai'añwwa la yattakhidha ba'ḍunā ba'dan arbābammin dūnillah fa in tawallau faqūlush hadū bi annā muslimūn --Say, 'O People of the Book! come to a word equal between us and you that we worship none but Allāh, and that we associate no partner with. Him, and that some of us take not others for Lords beside Allāh.' But if they turn away, then say, 'Bear witness that we have submitted to God.' (3:65). When Heraclius finished reading the letter, the people in the court became very agitated and started to speculate widely.. Therefore, the king ordered us to leave the court, and we were made to leave the court. After coming out of the court, I said to my. Companions", 'Ibn Abi Kabsha has excelled drastically in status.. What a high status he has that even the king of Rome fears him.' So 173

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. Sa. I was convinced that the Holy Prophet" would definitely succeed.. Later on, God Almighty made me also accept Islām." " sa (Sahih Bukhārī, Kitab Bad'ul Wahyi ila rasülillah, Bab kaifa bad'ul. Sa waḥyi ila rasulillah") га. Hadrat Imām Zuhri", the narrator of this tradition, relates: "When. Heraclius received the letter of the Holy Prophet", he made a thorough inquiry about the situation, and then called his cabinet to the court and said, 'O Leaders of the Nation! If you wish to be successful and rightlyguided, and you wish that your government remains established, then you should accept this Prophet.' After hearing this, the courtiers stampeded. toward the doors like wild asses run when they are scared. However, the doors were closed. Heraclius asked them to come back and said, 'I was testing the firmness of your belief in your religion. Now I know how firmly you are attached to your religious beliefs.' Hearing this, all the court members prostrated to the king and became happy with the king."" (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabut Tafsir Surah Al-e-Imran qul ya ahlal kitabi ta 'alau ila kalimah) 174. Letter Sent to the King of Persia ra. The letter to Chosroes, the king of Iran was sent through. Hadrat 'Abdullah bin Hudhāfa". The text of the letter was as follows: "In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful. This letter is from Muḥammad, the Messenger of God, to Chosroes, the. Chief of Iran. Whoever submits to a perfect guidance, and believes in Allāh, and bears witness that Allāh is One, and has no equal or partner, and that Muhammad is His Servant and Messenger, on him be peace. O king, under the command of God, I invite you to Islām.. For I have been sent by God as His Messenger to all mankind, so that I may warn all living men and complete my Message for all

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa disbelievers. Accept Islām and protect yourself from all afflictions.. If you reject this invitation, then the sin of the denial of all your people will rest on your head." (Ibn Sa'd's Al-Tabaqat Al-Kbir, Vol. 1, p. 360; Tarikh-i-Ṭabari, Vol. 2, pp. 295 & 296; Tarikh-i-Kamil, Vol. 2, p. 81; Biḥārul Anwar, Vol. 20, p. 389; Tarikh Al-Khamis FiAḥwāl Anfa Nafis, Vol. 2, p. 34, Husain bin. Muhammad a-Diyar Bakri) sa. Sa. At the time of the birth of the Holy Prophet", control over. Yemen was exercised by Ethiopia, from across the Red Sea. The year the Holy Prophet was born (571 AD) Abraha, Ethiopia's. Viceroy in Yemen, had led an expedition against Mecca, with the declared intention of destroying the Ka'bah.. When news of the advance of Abraha's army came, the. Arabian tribes of Quraish, Kinanah, Khuza‘ah and Hudhayl joined together to defend the Ka'bah. Abraha sent a small contingent towards Mecca. The contingent captured many animals, including two hundred camels belonging to ‘Abdul Muttalib. 'Abdul Muttalib, with ‘Amr ibn Luʻāba and some other prominent leaders, went to see Abraha. Abraha was informed before hand of the prestige and position of 'Abdul Muttalib. Also the personality of 'Abdul Muttalib was very impressive and awe-inspiring. When he entered Abraha's tent, the latter rose from his throne, warmly welcomed him, and seated him beside him on the carpet. During the conversation, ‘Abdul Muttalib requested him to release his camels. Abraha was astonished. He said: "When my eyes fell upon you, I was so impressed by you that had you requested me to withdraw my army and go back to Yemen, I would have granted that request. But now, I have no respect for you.. Why? Here I have come to demolish the House which is the religious center of yours and of your forefathers and the foundation of your prestige and respect in Arabia, and you say nothing to save it; instead, you ask me to return your few camels back to you." 175

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176. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa 'Abdul Muttalib said: "I am the owner of the camels, (therefore, I tried to save them), and this House has its own Owner. Who will surely protect it." Abraha was stunned by this reply. He ordered the camels to be released, and the deputation of Quraish returned.. On the second day, Abraha issued orders to his army to enter. Mecca. 'Abdul Muttalib told the Meccans to leave the city and to seek refuge in the surrounding hills. But he, together with some leading members of the Quraish, remained within the precincts of the Ka'bah. Abraha sent someone to warn them to vacate the building. When the messenger came, he asked the people who their leader was. All fingers pointed towards 'Abdul Muttalib. He was again invited to go to Abraha where he had a talk with him. When he came out, he was heard saying: "The Owner of this House is its. Defender, and I am sure He will save it from the attack of the adversaries and will not dishonor the servants of His House.". Then he, too, went to the summit of the hill, Abū Qubais.. Abraha advanced with his army. Seeing the walls of the Ka'bah, he ordered its demolition. No sooner had the army reached near the. Ka'bah when an army of Allāh appeared from the western side. A dark cloud of small birds (known in Arabic as Ababil) overshadowed the entire army of Abraha. The expedition proved an utter failure. Abraha's forces, which included elephants, were struck by a virulent epidemic that destroyed large numbers of them during their encampment in a valley a few miles outside Mecca.. The remainder of the group retired in confusion and terror. The event is the subject matter of a brief Chapter in the Holy Qur'ān: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيْمِ أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِأَصْحُبِ الْفِيْلِ أَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ كَيْدَهُمْ

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa فِي تَضْلِيْلٍ وَ أَرْسَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ طَيْرًا أَبَابِيْلَ تَرْمِيْهِمْ بِحِجَارَةٍ の مِنْ سَجِّيْلٍ فَجَعَلَهُمْ كَعَصْفٍ مَّاكُوْلٍ ٥ alam tara kaifa fa‘ala rabbuka bi ashabil fil alam yaj‘al kaidahum fi taḍliliñwwa arsala 'alaihim tairan ababil tarmihim bi ḥijaratimmin sijjil faja‘alahum kaʻaşfimmaʼkūl. Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the People of Elephant (Abraha, the Christian viceroy in Yemen of the king of Abyssinia)? Did. He not cause their plan to miscarry? And He sent against them swarms of birds. Which ate their carrion, striking them against stones of clay. And thus made them like broken straw, eaten up. (105:1-6) sa. Some years later Yemen appears to have passed under the sovereignty of Iran. When the king of Iran received the letter of the. Holy Prophet and noticed that the letter starts with the name of. Allāh and the name of the Holy Prophet" instead of the name of the king which was the Iranian custom to address the king, he was enraged. He considered this way of addressing an insult to him and tore down the letter into pieces. Furthermore, he ordered Bädhān, the Governor of Yemen to imprison this claimant of the new religion and present to him in his court. Bādhān sent his two messengers to Medina who told the Holy Prophet" that Chosroes has asked him to come to his court. The Holy Prophet" told them to wait for a short while for his response. After a couple of days the. Holy Prophet told the emissaries of the Governor of Yemen to go back as his Lord has killed their lord. When the representatives of the Governor of Yemen returned to him they received the news that. Sherawiyyah had assassinated his father Chosroes Pervaiz, the king of Persia and has cancelled all the decrees and orders issued by his father. sa sa sa (Al-Tabari, Vol. 3, pp. 1583-1584; Fath Al-Bari, 8/127,128) 177

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa 178. Letter Sent to the Negus, the King of. Abyssinia. The letter to Negus, the king of Abyssinia (Ashama ibn. Abjar), was carried by Hadrat 'Amr bin Umayya al-Damrī”. It stated: "In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful,. Muḥammad, the Messenger of God, writes to the Negus, king of. Abyssinia. O king, peace of God be upon you. I praise before you the One and Only God. None else is worthy of worship. He is the king of kings, the source of all excellences, free from all defects,. He provides peace to all His servants and protects His creatures. I bear witness that Jesus, son of Mary was a Messenger of God, who came in fulfillment of promises made to Mary by God. Mary had consecrated her life to God. I invite you to join with me in attaching ourselves to the One and Only God and in obeying Him. I invite you also to follow me and believe in the God Who has sent me. I am His Messenger. I invite you and your armies to join the faith of the Almighty God. I discharge my duty hereby. I have delivered to the Message of God, and made clear to you the meaning of this. Message. I have done so in all sincerity and I trust you will value the sincerity which has prompted this message. He who obeys the guidance of God becomes heir to the blessings of God." you (Sirah-i-Ḥalabı, Vol. 3, p. 279; Ibn Sa'd's Al-Ṭabaqat Al-Kabir, Vol. 1, p.259; Zurqani, Sharh Mawahib al-Ladunniyya, Vol. 3, pp. 343-344) sa. When Negus, the king of Abyssinia, received the letter of the Holy Prophet", he treated the letter with great respect. He held it up to his eyes, descended from the throne and ordered an ivory box for it. Then he deposited it in the box and said, "While this letter is safe, my kingdom is safe." What he said proved true. For one thousand years Muslim armies were out on their career of conquest. They went in all directions, and passed by Abyssinia on all sides, but they did not touch this small kingdom of the Negus;

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa and this, out of regard for two memorable acts of the Negus: the protection he afforded the refugees of early Islām and the reverence he showed to the Prophet's letter.. Sa sa. The day the Negus died God Almighty revealed to the Holy. Prophet about his death. The Holy Prophet" informed his. Companions about the demise of the Negus. He said, "Today a pious person has died. га أَسْتَغْفِرُوْا لَاخِيْكُمْ astaghfiru li akhīkum. Pray for forgiveness of your brother.". Then the Holy Prophet" told his Companions" to gather at the place of Prayer, where he led funeral Prayer in absentia for the. Negus. This was for the first time that a funeral Prayer in absentia was offered for anyone in Islām. The Holy Prophet" exclaimed four times: "Allāh is the Greatest" for An-Najāshi's funeral Prayer. sa (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Janāi'z, Bab At-Takbir ‘alal janazati arba'an;. Masnad as-Sahābah fil kutubatissa‘ata, Vol. 2, p. 110; Usdul Ghābah fi. Ma'rafatis-Sahābah, Vol. 1, p. 252, Ibn Athir). Letter Sent to Muqawqis, the King of Egypt га. The letter to Muqawqis was carried by Hadrat Ḥātib bin. Abi Balta'ah. The text of this letter was exactly the same as that to the Roman Emperor. The letter to the Roman Emperor said that the sin of the denial of the Roman subjects would he on his head. The letter to the Muqawqis said that the sin of the denial of the Copts 179

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sa 180. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa would be on the head of the ruler. The text of the letter was as follows: "In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful. This letter is from Muḥammad, the Messenger of Allāh, to Muqawqis the Chief of the Copts. Peace be upon him who follows the path of rectitude. I invite you to accept the Message of Islām. Believe and you will be saved and your reward will be twofold. If you disbelieved, the sin of the denial of the Copts will also be on your head. Say, “O People of the Book come to a word equal between us and you that we worship none but Allāh, and that we associate no partner with Him, and that some of us take not others for lords beside Allāh. But if they turn away, then say, 'Bear witness that we have submitted to God." (As-Siratul Halabiyyah, Vol. 3, p. 275, ‘Ali bin Burhanuddin al-Hilmi al-Shafi'; Durr-i-Manthür, Vol. 1, p.40; A'ayan--Shi'ah, Vol. 1, p. 142) ra ra. When Hadrat Hatib" reached Egypt, he did not find. Muqawqis in the capital. Hadrat Hatib" followed him to. Alexandria, where he was holding court near the sea. The king paid a tribute to Hadrat Hatib and said he was a wise envoy of a wise man. He had answered well the questions put to him. Hadrat Hatib advised Muqawqis: "Show no pride. Believe in this Prophet of God.. Now that a Prophet has appeared in your time it is your duty to believe in him and follow him." sa ra. Upon hearing this, Muqawqis sent for an ivory box and placed the letter of the Holy Prophet in it, sealed it and handed it over to a servant girl for safekeeping. He also wrote a letter in reply to the Holy Prophet". The text of this letter is as follows: sa "In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful. From. Muqawqis, king of the Copts, to Muḥammad, son of 'Abdullāh.. Peace be on you. After this, I say that I have read your letter and pondered over its contents and over the beliefs to which you invite

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa mc. I am aware that the Hebrew Prophets have foretold the advent of a Prophet in our time. But I thought he was going to appear in. Syria. I have received your envoy, and made a present of one thousand Dinars to him and I sent two Egyptian girls as a present to you. My people, the Copts, hold these girls in great esteem. One of them is Mariah and the other Sīrīn. I also send you twenty garments made of Egyptian linen of high quality. I also send you a mule for riding. In the end I pray again that you may have peace from God." (Al-Tabaqat Al-Kabir, Vol. I, p.260; Tarikh Al-Rusul wal Malūk, Abū. Ja'far Muhammad bin Jarir al-Tabari) sa sa. Although, the king of Egypt did not accept Islām, however, he treated the message and the messenger of the Holy Prophet” with great respect. He sent several gifts to the Holy Prophet which included two noble Christian sisters, Mariah al-Qibtiyyah" who became the wife of the Holy Prophet and Sirin“ who was married to the famous poet, Hadrat Hassan bin Thābit™. sa га ra га (Ibn Kathir, al-Bidaya, Vol. 7, p. 272; Zurqani, Sharḥ Mawāhib al-Ladunniyya, Vol. 5, p. 33; Narrative of Hadrat Mariah al-Qibtiyyah;. Usdul Ghāba, Narrative of Hadrat Mariah and Sırın). Letters Sent to Various Tribal Chiefs. The Holy Prophet" sent a letter to Mundhir bin Säwä al-'Abdi, Chief of Bahrain. This letter was carried by 'Ala ibn. Hadrami. The text of this letter has been lost. When it reached this sa. Chief, he believed, and wrote back to the Holy Prophet saying that he and many of his friends and followers had decided to join Islām.. Some, however, had decided to stay outside. He also said that there were some Jews and Magians living under him. What was he supposed to do about them? The Holy Prophet" wrote again to this. Chief: sa 181

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182 sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa "I am glad at your acceptance of Islām. Your duty is to obey the delegates and messengers whom I should send to you. Whoever obeys them, obeys me. The messenger who took my letter to you praised you to me, and assured me of the sincerity of your belief. I have prayed to God for your people. Try, therefore, to teach them the ways and practices of Islām. Protect their property. Do not let anyone have more than four wives. The sins of the past are forgiven. As long as you are good and virtuous you will continue to rule over your people. As for the Jews and Magians, they have only to pay a tax. Do not, therefore, make any other demands on them.. As for the general population, those who do not have land enough to maintain them should have four Dirhams each, and some cloth to wear." (Zurqani, Sharḥ Sharḥ Mawāhib al-Ladunniyya, Vol. 5, pp. 34,-36 & 66; Zad Al-Ma'ad, Vol. 3, pp. 61-62). sa. The Holy Prophet also wrote to the king of Oman, the. Chief of Yamamah, the king of Ghassan, the Chief of Bani Nahd, a tribe of Yemen, the Chief of Hamdan, another tribe of Yemen, the. Chief of Bani ‘Alım and the Chief of the Hadrami tribe. Most of them became Muslims. sa. When the Arab chiefs received the letters of the Holy. Prophet inviting them to Islām, some of them accepted Islām at once. Others treated the letters respectfully, but did not accept. Islām. Still some treated the letter with ordinary courtesy and others showed contempt and pride. sa. It had been agreed upon by the Meccan leaders in the. Hudaibiyyah Pact that the Holy Prophet" could come to Mecca for the circuits a year after the signing of the pact. Accordingly, the. Holy Prophet left for Mecca with his 2,000 Companions". When the party reached Marr al-Zahran, the Holy Prophet" ordered his followers to remove their armaments which were collected in one sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa place. This was in conformity with the agreement signed at. Hudaibiyyah. The Holy Prophet" and his Companions" entered the. Sacred Place carrying just sheathed swords which was a custom in those days. They were overjoyed and thankful to God Almighty for the chance to perform circuits of the Ka'bah peacefully after seven years. The Muslims were full of zeal. The Meccans came out of their houses and went on top of the hills to see the Muslims. They were dumbfounded to see the party of Muslims entering Mecca.. After circuiting the Ka'bah and running between the hills of Șafa and Marwah, the Holy Prophet" and his Companions" stayed in. Mecca for three days. On the fourth day, the Holy Prophet asked his followers to start leaving Mecca to return to Medina. This historic trip of the Holy Prophet" and his Companions" to Mecca was a fulfillment of the vision of the Holy Prophet": sa sa sa га sa. Soon after the circuits of the Ka'bah, two renowned generals of the Meccan army joined Islām. One was, Ḥaḍrat Khalid bin Walid" under whose leadership country after country was added to the Muslim Empire, and the other was Hadrat ‘Amr bin al-'As the conquerer of Egypt. га " 183

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa 11. The Jews of Medina sa sa sa. At the time, the Muslims and the Holy Prophet" migrated to. Medina, three powerful tribes of Jews were living in Medina: Banü Naḍir,. Banu Quraizah and Banu Qainuqa'. The Jews were not happy with the migration of the Muslims to Medina who were now dominating the city.. The Jews of Medina were always plotting and looking for the chances to harm the believers in Islām and to destroy the new religion. With the arrival of the Holy Prophet" the balance of power had shifted towards the. Muslims. The Holy Prophet made treaties with the Jews granting them security and peace so that both communities could live together peacefully and in harmoniously. However, the Jews were not happy seeing the new religion progressing rapidly and were particularly annoyed when the. Muslims returned to Mecca victorious. This led to an increase in their animosity towards the Muslims and they started to plot feverishly against the Holy Prophet" and the Muslim community. The Jews of Medina colluded with the hypocrites in Medina and with the infidels of Mecca against the Muslims. The people of the tribe of Banu Nadır were always plotting to kill the Holy Prophet". ra sa. Once, the Holy Prophet" in the company of few of his. Companions went to the Jewish tribe of Banu Nadir to discuss payment of blood money for the killing of two men mistakenly, who belonged to the. Banu Amir. The people of Banu Nadir received the Holy Prophet cordially. However, at the same time, they planned to kill him by throwing a large rock at his head while he was sitting to discuss with them the matter of the blood money. The Holy Prophet" sat with them for a short period of time and then suddenly left. 184 sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa. Sa sa sa. The Holy Prophet™ had come to know about their secret plan which they were concealing under the guile of showing extraordinary hospitality to the Holy Prophet" and his Companions". The Banu Naḍir were shocked to find out that the Holy Prophet" knew of their secret plans. The Holy. Prophet sent a message to Banu Naḍir that they must leave the town within ten days which is the punishment for their breaking the covenant by planning to kill him. However, their leader, Ḥuyyay bin Akhtab responded that they would not leave their houses and possessions. When the ultimatum of ten days passed without any action taken by the Banū Naḍīr with regards to leaving the town, the Muslims besieged them. Soon, the. Banu Nadir realized that they could not break the siege and defeat the. Muslims. Accordingly, they sent a message to the Holy Prophet" agreeing to surrender and requesting safe-passage to leave. The request was accepted by the Holy Prophet. Each individual was allowed to carry one camel load of possessions with them. They left for Khaibar where many. Jews were already living. sa sa sa. Banu Qainuqā' was one of the three largest Jewish tribes of. Medina. Like other tribes they also had signed an agreement with the. Muslims which had granted them freedom and security. Despite that they plotted to harm the Muslims. The Holy Prophet sent a deputation to their leaders reminding them of their obligations under the agreement they had made with the Muslims and told them to stop provoking the Muslims.. Instead of accepting the plea of curtailing their annoying activities they behaved more arrogantly. This left no choice for the Holy Prophet" but to meet the challenge head on. Accordingly, the Muslims besieged the fort of. Banu Qainuqā'. The siege lasted for fifteen days. Then, they surrendered to the Muslims. After their defeat, the Muslims had two options: either to enslave them or to have mercy on them and let them live like before. It was decided that they should be deported without their weapons. When it was announced, they obeyed the order and left Medina and moved to another town. sa 185

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa. Fall of Khaibar sa. With the signing of the treaty of Hudaibiyyah the south of Medina became relatively safe. However, in the North of Medina there lived powerful Jewish tribes. The Jewish tribes which due to one reason or the other were deported from Medina also had migrated and joined the Jewish tribes living in Khaibar, in the North of Medina. The residents of Khaibar were arrogant and posed a continuous threat to the Muslims. They were continuously inflaming the Christian and the Jewish tribes living in Iraq against the Muslims. There was no way to establish peace with them because whenever an agreement was made with them by the Muslims, they always broke it when they thought to do so advantageous to them. The only alternative left for the Muslims was to fight with them and force them to become submissive. Accordingly, the Holy Prophet led a force of fifteen hundred men and marched towards Khaibar. They covered a distance of approximately one hundred and fifty miles in three nights. The Jews were holding themselves and their treasure in four different forts. In one of the forts there were 10,000 warriors ready to fight, while in the other forts there were their women, children and treasure. The Holy Prophet divided his warriors into five divisions and made them face the fort in such a way that it appeared as if a large army was ready to attack and fight. The. Muslims concentrated their efforts to defeat the Jews by surrounding the fort where the Jewish warriors were stationed. Fierce fighting took place between the two armies. Fifty Muslim warriors were killed on the first day of the fighting. The Jews also lost a significant number of their warriors including their leader on the first day of fighting. In the next two days, The. Muslims made several attempts to break the entrance to the Fort. The forces were sent first under the command of Hadrat Abu Bakr and later on under the command of Hadrat ‘Umar". However, both times the forces were unsuccessful in their mission. Both parties, the Jews and the. Muslims, fought bravely for three days. Then, the Holy Prophet received a revelation that Khaibar will fall at the hands of Hadrat 'Ali". ra ra га ra sa sa sa. Hadrat Sahl bin Sa'd" narrates that he heard the Holy Prophet" on 186

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa the day of the Battle of Khaibar saying: "I will give the flag to a person at whose hands Allāh will grant victory." sa га. So the Companions" of the Holy Prophet" stood up, to see to whom the flag would be given. Everyone wished eagerly that the flag be given to himself. The Holy Prophet" asked for Hadrat ‘Ali". Someone informed him that he was suffering from an eye disease. The Holy Prophet" asked them to bring Hadrat 'Ali" to him. The Holy Prophet rubbed his saliva on ra ra sa sa. Hadrat 'Ali's eyes and his eyes were cured immediately as if he never had an eye problem. (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Maghāzī, Bāb Ghazwah Khaibar) sa га. So, the Holy Prophet sent the Muslim warriors under the command of Hadrat ‘Ali" to fight the Jews and told him to keep on fighting till Allāh makes the door of the fort open for him. Hadrat ‘Alī¨ kept on fighting till the fort was conquered and the Jews of Khaibar were defeated. After their defeat the Jews desired to stay and cultivate the land which was now owned by the Muslims. They explained to the Muslims and convinced them that they had extensive experience in cultivation of the palm trees. Taking into consideration the appeal of the Jews, the Holy. Prophet made an agreement with them according to which they could stay to take care of the palm trees and also they could take half of the harvest.. However, they had to leave the place, if due to any reason the Muslims desired that they must leave. The Jews of Fadak and Taymā' did not fight with the Muslims and were granted an agreement similar to the agreement with the Jews of Khaibar. Fadak and Taymā' are the places about which. God Almighty has stated in the Holy Qur'an: sa وَ أَوْرَثَكُمْ أَرْضَهُمْ وَ دِيَارَهُمْ وَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَ أَرْضَالَّمْ تَطَئُوْهَا 187

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa wa aurathakum ardahum wa diyarahum wa amwālahum wa arḍallam tata'ūhā. And He made you inherit their land and their houses and their wealth, and a land on which you had never set foot. (33:28). However, the Jews of the Wadı al-Qura fought with the Muslims and upon their defeat they were also granted a similar agreement. Thus, within three months of the Hudaibiyyah agreement, the Muslims were able to conquer Khaibar. The conquest of Khaibar made the Jews powerless in the Arabian Peninsula.. In the Battle of Khaibar, it was for the first time ever that women accompanied the warriors in a war. They were assigned the duty of providing drinking water and first aid to the wounded and to look after them.. Peace Agreement With the Inhabitants of Fadak sa. Fadak was a Jewish town located in Hijāz near Khaibar towards. Syria from Medina. Like the Jews of Khaibar the Jews of Fadak were also rich and always hatching conspiracies against Islam. When the Holy. Prophet came to know that the Jews of Khaibar in Fadak along with the. Banu Sa'd tribe were planning to attack Medina, he sent Ḥadrat ‘Ali” to. Fadak with a squadron. Hadrat ‘Ali" made the Banu Sa‘d run away. ra sa ra. While travelling for the Battle of Khaibar, the Holy Prophet" sent. Hadrat Muhayyisah bin Mas'ud" to Fadak to convey the message of Islām and that they should agree to live obediently and peacefully under Islām. If they do not accept the proposal then due to their constant conspiracies against Islām we will fight with them just like we are going to fight with the people of Khaibar. However, they did not give importance to the message of the Holy Prophet" and did not even care to respond to the 188 sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa ra га message. Hadrat Muḥayyişah bin Mas'ud" stayed there for two days. On the third day of his stay when the news of the victory in the Battle of. Khaibar reached Fadak, the people of Fadak were terrified. They immediately requested Hadrat Muḥayyişah bin Mas'ud" to stay a bit longer so that they could consult their leaders regarding their response to the letter. So Hadrat Muḥayyisah bin Mas‘ūd™ delayed his departure. They decided to send one of their leaders, Nun bin Yusha', with Ḥadrat. Muḥayyişah bin Mas'ud to present an offer of peace and submission to the Holy Prophet. After discussion with Nun bin Yusha' the Holy. Prophet decided not to fight with the people of Fadak. It was further agreed upon that the people of Fadak would not be expelled from their land and also that they could keep their wealth with them. However, the. Muslims would own half of their land and half of the land would remain with the Jews. sa sa ra (Tarikh al-Khamis, Fath Fadak, Vol. 2, p. 58; The Life of Muhammad", A sa. Translation of Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasulullah, p. 515-523, A. Guillaume,, Oxford. University Press, Reprinted in Pakistan, 2004). Ghazwah Wādī al-Qurā sa. After the fall of Khaibar, the Holy Prophet left the area and stayed for three days at Sahba. Then he left for Wadi al-Qura where within a day the Muslims were successful and had an agreement made between the. Muslims and the people of Wadi al-Qura. Since the valley contained several settlements the valley became to be known as the Wadı al-Qurā.. These settlements were located at the middle of Medina and Khaibar.. When the Holy Prophet" reached Wadi al-Qura the Jews were ready to face him militarily and they welcomed the Muslims by throwing arrows towards them. The Holy Prophet did not expect such a response. A servant of the Holy Prophet", Mid‘am, who was unloading the baggage from the mount of the Holy Prophet was hit by an arrow, probably just by sa sa sa sa 189

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa chance, and he was killed. The Holy Prophet" ordered his forces to get battle-ready. He gave the main battle-flag to Hadrat Sa'd bin 'Ubadah™ and gave three smaller flags to Ḥadrat Hubāb bin Mundhir", Hadrat Sahl bin sa ra га sa ra ra. Hunaif and Hadrat ‘Abbād bin Bishar" in order. The Holy Prophet" sent the message to leaders of the Wadi al-Qura that they should obey the. Muslims and thus live peacefully. The message further stated that if they accept the offer and do not fight the Muslims they and their properties would be safe. However, instead of accepting the invitation of peace from the Holy Prophet, they sent their fighters out to battle. In response to this, amongst the Muslims Hadrat Zubair came forward and killed the enemy fighter. Then another man came forward from the enemies. Hadrat Zubair killed him also. When the third person came out to fight, Hadrat ‘Ali' killed him. The fourth and the fifth enemy fighters were killed by Ḥadrat. Abū Dujānah™. In this way within a short period of time, the enemy lost eleven of their fighters fighting Muslim fighters individually. The Holy. Prophet again conveyed to them the message of peace and submission to. Muslims. However, they again refused to accept the offer and kept on fighting the Muslims. Due to their obstinacy the Holy Prophet" had to fight with them. The fighting continued for whole day and then the next day they offered to live in peace and submission to Muslims. The Holy. Prophet accepted their plea. This way the whole valley of Wadı al-Qură was conquered by the Muslims in a short period of time. The Holy. Prophet stayed in the area for four days and during this time he distributed amongst his Companions" the war booty, which he had received in large amount. The land and the gardens belonging to the Jews were left with the Jews and an administrator was appointed to look after the matters. sa sa sa ra. BS sa (Zurqānī, Sharah Sharḥ Mawāhib al-Ladunniyya, Fath Wadı al-Qurā, Vol. 3, pp. 301-303; Zad al-Ma‘ad, 2/148-147; The Life of Muhammad, A Translation of. Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasulullah“, p.516, A. Guillaume,, Oxford University Press,. Reprinted in Pakistan, 2004) sa 190

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Ghazwah Taymā'. After staying for four days in the area of Wadi al-Qurā the Holy sa. Prophet moved towards Taymā'. Taymā' was also a settlement of Jews near Wadi al-Qurā towards Syria. When the people of came to know about sa sa the arrival of the Holy Prophet" they requested to submit to him with the condition that they will pay Jizyah. The Holy Prophet accepted their offer and appointed Ḥadrat Yazid bin Sufyān™ who had accepted Islām on that very day as their keeper (Governor). ra (Zurqani, Sharh Mawahib al-Ladunniyya, Fath Wadi al-Qura, Tayma'). Ghazwah Dhātur Riqā' sa sa. When the Holy Prophet" was returning after the conquest of. Khaibar he learned that the Banū Tha‘Ibah tribe of Ghaṭafan in Najd and their branch of Mahārib were planing to attack the Muslims. The Holy. Prophet prepared a force of a few hundred of his Companions" and left. Medina towards Najd. In his absence he appointed Hadrat 'Uthmän as. Amir of Medina. While the Banu Tha'lbah were still making preparations to attack the Muslims, the Holy Prophet” decided to make a preemptive strike. However, when the Muslims reached a place called, 'Nakhal', a large number of disbelievers challenged the Muslim force. Both forces arrayed facing each other to fight. Before the fighting started, the. Ghatafani fighters became scared of the Muslim force and left the field.. They scattered in the surrounding mountains. When the Holy Prophet saw that the enemy force had run away and disappeared, he decided to return to Medina. While returning to Medina they stayed overnight in a valley. Since their was always a chance of a surprise attack by the. Ghatafani fighters the Holy Prophet asked the Companions" who would like to be on surveillance duty during the night? In response, Ḥadrat sa sa 191

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa 18 ra 'Ammar bin Yäsir" from the Muhajirin and Hadrat ‘Ayad bin Bishr" from the Anșăr offered themselves for the duty. Thus both of them did the surveillance duty while the Holy Prophet" and the rest of the force stayed in the valley. sa. There are several explanations given for naming this Ghazwah as. Ghazwah Dhatur Riqa'. One of these is that there is a mountain in the valley the stones of which have prominent streaks of black, red and white colors, that is why the Ghazwah is called Ghazwah Dhatur Riqā'. Another explanation which is given by Hadrat Abū Mūsä Ash'ari" is as follows: ra sa. In this battle, the Companions" of the Holy Prophet" had very few mounts to ride. He himself was one of six fighters who had only one mount to ride. Thus most of the fighters had to walk on foot. The area was mountainous. The feet of the Companions" were badly injured from walking on sharp stones and they had wrapped them with torn pieces of cloth to walk. Since in Arabic the bandages made of cloth are called, 'ar-Riqā'" that is why the Ghazwah became to be known as Ghazwah. Dhatur Riga'. sa. In the Ghazwah Dhatur Riqā', when the time of Prayer came, the. Muslims feared that they would be attacked, so the Holy Prophet offered the Salatul Khauf (Prayers of fear) which was the first Prayer of fear. The. Prayer was offered by parties alternately. Muslims confronting the enemy divided themselves into two parties. One of them offered one rak'at with the Imām and then took position against the enemy, and the party which had been facing the enemy came to offer the Prayer with the Imam, and offered one rak'at. (As-Siratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Vol. 4, p. 214 Sabab Tasmiyatihā bi. Dhäturriqā'; Ibn Sa'd's Al-Tabaqat Al-Kabir, Ghazwah Dhāturriqā', Vol. 2, pp. 74-75; Abū Dawūd, Kitabut Taharat, Bab al-Wudu"Aniddam; Sahih Bukhari,. Kitab al-Maghāzī, Ghazwah Dhāturriqā') 192

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa 12. Battle of Mu'tah sa. Upon his return from the Ka'bah, the Holy Prophet began to receive reports that Christian tribes on the Syrian border, instigated by. Jews and pagans, were preparing for an attack upon Medina. He, therefore, dispatched a party of fifteen to find out the truth. They saw an army amassing on the Syrian border. Instead of returning at once they started to give the message of Islām to the enemy. Instead of listening to the exposition, the enemy started raining arrows on this party of fifteen.. However, they stood firm, fifteen against thousands, and fell fighting. sa sa. The Holy Prophet planned an expedition to punish the Syrians for this wanton cruelty, but in the meantime he had reports that the forces which had been concentrating on the border had dispersed. He, therefore, postponed his plans. The Holy Prophet, however, wrote a letter to the. Emperor of Rome (or to the Chief of the Ghassan tribe who ruled Busra in the name of Rome). The letter was carried by Hadrat al-Härth bin ‘Umair al-Azdi. He stopped en route at Mu'tah where he met Shuraḥbil, a. Ghassan chief acting as a Roman official. He asked Hadrat al-Hārth", "Are you a messenger of Muḥammad?" On being told "Yes", he arrested Hadrat al-Harth", tied him up and belaboured him to death. Perhaps he was afraid that he may have to answer to the Byzantine Emperor about what had happened to the party of fifteen Muslims killed earlier. The Holy Prophet came to know of the murder of Hadrat Al-Harth". To avenge this and the earlier murders, he raised a force of three thousand and dispatched it to. Syria under the command of Hadrat Zaid bin Häritha", the freed slave of ra ra. Sa 193

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa the Holy Prophet. sa (Zad al-Ma‘ad, 2/155; Ibn Hajar Asqalani, Fath al-Bari 7/511) sa. The Holy Prophet" nominated Ja'far bin Abū Talib as the successor of Zaid, should Zaid die, and ‘Abdullāh bin Rawāhah, should Ja'far die.. Should 'Abdullah bin Rawähah also die, the Muslims were to choose their own commander. A Jew who heard this exclaimed, "O Abul Qāsim, if thou art a true Prophet, these three officers whom thou has named are sure to die; for God fulfills the words of a. Prophet.". Turning to Zaid, he said, "Take it from me, if Muḥammad is true you will not return alive." Zaid, the true believer that he was, said in reply, "I may return alive or not, but Muḥammad is a true Prophet of God." (As-Siratul Ḥalabiyyah, Vol. 3, p. 75, ‘Ali Bin Burhanuddin). sa. The following morning the Muslim army set out on its long march.. The Holy Prophet" and the Companions" went some distance with the. Muslim army. A large and important expedition such as this had never before gone without the Holy Prophet" commanding it in person. As the. Holy Prophet walked along to bid the expedition farewell, he counselled and instructed. When they reached the spot where the people of Medina generally bade farewell to friends and relations going to Syria, the Holy. Prophet stopped and said: sa. Sa "I urge you to fear God and to deal justly with the Muslims who go with you. Go to war in the name of Allāh and fight the enemy in Syria, who is your enemy, as well as Allāh's. When you are in Syria, you will meet those who remember God much in their houses of worship. You should have no dispute with them, and give no trouble to them. In the enemy country do not kill any women or children, nor the blind or the old; do not cut down any tree, nor pull down any building." (As-Siratul Halabiyyah, Vol. 3, Alı Bin Burhanuddın) 194

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. It was the first Muslim army sent to fight the Christians. When the. Muslims reached the Syrian border, they heard that the Byzantine Emperor himself had taken the field with one hundred thousand of his own soldiers and another hundred thousand recruited from the Christian tribes of. Arabia. Confronted by such large enemy numbers, half of the Muslim army wanted to stop on the way and send word to the Holy Prophet™ about the strength of the enemy force as he might be able to reinforce their numbers or wish to send fresh instructions. When the army leaders took counsel, Hadrat 'Abdullāh bin Rawāḥah" made a fiery speech: "My people, you set out from your homes to die as martyrs in the way of God, and now when martyrdom is in sight you seem to flinch. We have not fought so far because we were better equipped than the enemy in men or material. Our mainstay was our faith. If the enemy is so many times superior to us in numbers or equipment, what does it matter? One reward out of two we must have. We either win, or die as martyrs in the way of God." га ra га га. The army heard Ḥaḍrat ibn Rawāḥah" and was much impressed.. Thus, the army marched on. As they marched, they saw the Roman army advancing towards them. So at Mu'tah the Muslims took up their positions and the battle began. Soon Hadrat Zaid, the Muslim commander, was killed and the Holy Prophet's" cousin Ḥadrat Ja'far bin Abū Ṭālib™ received the standard and the command of the army. When he saw that enemy pressure was increasing and the Muslims, because of utter physical inferiority, were not holding their own, he dismounted from his horse and cut its legs. The action meant that at least he was not going to flee; he would prefer death to flight. Hadrat Ja'far" lost his right hand, but held the standard in his left. He lost his left hand also and then held the standard between the two stumps pressed to his chest. True to his promise, he fell down fighting. Then Ḥadrat ‘Abdullah bin Rawāḥah", as the Holy. Prophet had ordered, grasped the standard and took over the command.. He also fell fighting. The order of the Holy Prophet" now was for the. Muslims to take counsel together and elect a commander. But there was no time to hold an election. The Muslims might well have yielded to the vastly superior numbers of the enemy. But Hadrat Khalid bin Walid", sa sa 195

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa ra accepting the suggestion of a friend, took the standard and went on fighting until evening came. The following day Hadrat Khalid took the field again with his crippled and tired force but employed a brilliant strategy. He changed the positions of his men. Those in front changed with those in the rear and those on the right flank changed with those on the left.. They also raised some slogans. The enemy thought the Muslims had received reinforcements overnight and withdrew in fear. Ḥaḍrat Khālid saved his remaining army and returned to Medina. The Holy Prophet had been informed of these events through a revelation. He collected the. Muslims in the mosque. As he rose to address them his eyes were wet with tears. He said, sa га "I wish to tell you about the army which left here for the Syrian border. It stood against the enemy and fought. First Zaid, then Ja'far and then 'Abdullah bin Rawāhah held the standard. All three fell, one after the other, fighting bravely. Pray for them all. After them the standard was held by Khalid bin Walid. He appointed himself. He is a sword among the swords of God. So he saved the Muslim army and returned." (Zurqani, Sharh Mawahib al-Ladunniyya, Vol. 3, pp. 341-348; Zad al-Ma'ad,. Vol. I; Fath al-Bari, 7/513) ra. It was a battle in which the Muslims were neither champions nor losers. On Hadrat Khalid bin Walid's return with the Muslim army, some. Muslims of Medina described the returning soldiers as defeated and lacking in spirit. The general criticism was that they should all have died fighting. The Holy Prophet chided the critics: "Khālid and his soldiers were not defeatist or lacking in spirit, he said. They were soldiers who returned again and again to the attack." sa (Life of Muhammad by Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmud Ahmad, Khalifatul га. Masih II, pp. 129-133) 196

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa 13. The Conquest of Mecca sa. The Holy Prophet's" enemies continued their efforts to wipe out the new faith and its adherents. They fought many battles with Muslims to wipe out Islām, but were completely unsuccessful in thwarting the spread of Islām. Islām spread rapidly, and when the Holy Prophet" returned to. Mecca in January 630 AD, it was in triumph with ten thousand followers. sa. He asked the residents of Mecca what they expected from him and how did they thought he would treat them now that he had come to Mecca as a conquerer. They said; "We expect from you goodness. We request you to do goodness to us. You are our revered cousin and now have all the power to do whatever you like." за. The Holy Prophet" said, "I will say the same to you which my brother Yusuf had said to his brothers: لا تَثْرِيْبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْيَوْمَ اذْهَبُوْا فَانْتُمُ الطَّلَقَاء. Ta tathrība 'alaikumul yauma idh habū fa antumutṭulaqā'u. No blame shall lie on you this day. (12:93) Go forth, you are free today. (Al-Sırat Halabiyyah, Vol. 3, p. 141; Dala'il An-Nabuwwata lil Baihaqi, Vol. 5, p. 79; As-Siratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Ghazwah Fateh Mecca) 197

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa sa. The Holy Prophet" also said to the inhabitants of Mecca: "May Allah forgive you. He is the Most Forgiving and the Most. Compasionate." (Tafsir Durr-e-Manthūr, Sūrah Yusuf) га га ra. Abū Quḥāfah, father of Hadrat Abu Bakr", who was an old blind man at the time of the conquest of Mecca had gone with the help of his daughter on the mount of Abu Qubais to find out what was happening before the Muslims entered the city. Hadrat Abu Bakr brought his father to the Holy Prophet". The Holy Prophet" told Ḥadrat Abu Bakr that he should not have brought his father to him. Rather he would have gone to his father. Hadrat Abu Bakr said, "It was his father's duty to come to the. Holy Prophet and not vice versa." The Holy Prophet" made Abū Quḥāfah sit next to him, cleaned his face and invited him to accept Islām. Abū. Quhafah accepted Islām and became an ardent defender of Islām. sa sa sa sa sa ra га га ra sa sa. Hadrat Sa'd relates that on the "Conquest of Mecca", the Holy. Prophet forgave everyone except for four people. To inform everyone, the. Holy Prophet announced the names of these people. One of them, Ibn Abi. Sarah, hid himself with Hadrat 'Uthman". When the Holy Prophet" took the initiation, Hadrat 'Uthman" brought Ibn Abi Sarah with him to the. Holy Prophet and requested him to take the initiation of Ibn Abi Sarah.. The Holy Prophet raised his eyes three times and looked towards Ibn Abi. Sarah. Each time, he looked at him in such a manner as if he did not want to take his initiation. When Hadrat 'Uthman requested the third time, the. Holy Prophet took Ibn Abi Sarah's initiation. Then, addressing the. Companions" the Holy Prophet said: "None of you were wise and intelligent enough to kill Ibn Abi Sarah when I was hesitating to take his initiation. The Companions" said: 'O Messenger of Allah! We did not sa sa ra sa 198

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa know what was in your mind. If you had blinked your eyes, we would have killed him.' The Holy Prophet said: 'It is not proper for a Prophet to have eyes that are deceiving.'" (Sunan Abū Dawūd, Kitabul Jihad, bab fil asir yuqtal wa la ya'rad 'alaihil islam) sa. When the Holy Prophet entered Mecca as a triumphant leader after bearing all sort of oppression and cruelties for two decades, he was so thankful to God Almighty and so humbled that due to bending downward his head had touched his camel. His heart was full of praise of God. Almighty. God's words as regards to victory over the infidels of Mecca as stated in the following verse of the Holy Qur'an had been fulfilled beautifully:. E لَقَدْ صَدَقَ اللهُ رَسُوْلَهُ الرُّنْيَا بِالْحَقِّ لَتَدْخُلُنَّ الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ امِنِيْنَ مُحَلِّقِيْنَ رُءُوسَكُمْ وَمُقَصِّرِيْنَ لَا تَخَافُوْنَ ، فَعَلِمَ مَا لَمْ تَعْلَمُوْا فَجَعَلَ مِنْ دُوْنِ ذُلِكَ فَتْحًا قَرِيْبًا 0 laqad sadaqallahu rasūlahurru'ya bil haqqi latadkhulunnal masjidal harama insha 'allahu āminīna muhalliqina ru'ūsakum wa muqassirina la takhāfūna fa‘alima mā lam ta‘lamu faja‘ala min dūn dhalika fathan qarība. Surely has Allāh in truth fulfilled for His Messenger the Vision. You will certainly enter the Sacred Mosque, if Allāh will, in security, some having their heads shaven, and others having their hair cut short; and you will have no fear.. But He knew what you knew not. He has in fact ordained for you, besides that, a victory near at hand. (48:28) sa. The migration of the Holy Prophet" and the successful and honorable re-entry to Mecca were foretold by God Almighty to the Holy 199

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Prophet* in the following verse of the Holy Qur'ān: sa وَقُلْ رَّبِّ اَدْخِلْنِي مُدْخَلَ صِدْقٍ وَ أَخْرِجْنِي مُخْرَجَ صِدْقٍ وَ اجْعَلْ لِي مِنْ لَّدُنْكَ سُلْطَنَا نَصِيرًا ) wa qurrabbi adkhilni mudkhala sidqiñwwa akhrijni mukhraja sidqiñwwaj‘alli milladunka sultanannaşıra. And say, O my Lord, make my entry a good entry and then make me come forth with a good forthcoming. And grant me from Thyself a helping power. (17:81). The House of Allāh (Ka'bah) Cleared of the. Idols as sa as. The Holy Prophet" was sitting on his camel when he went round the house (Ka'bah), which had been built by Ḥadrat. Ibrahim and his son, Hadrat Ishmā'ils for the worship of One and the Only God, but which now had become a sanctuary for idols. The. Holy Prophet smote one by one three hundred and sixty idols which were placed by the idol-worshippers in the House. As an idol fell the Holy Prophet" would recite: sa sa وَقُلْ جَاءَ الْحَقُّ وَزَهَقَ الْبَاطِلُ إِنَّ الْبَاطِلَ كَانَ زَهُوقًا ) 200 wa qul ja'al haqqu wa zahaqal batilu innal batila kana zahūqā. And say, 'Truth has come and falsehood has vanished away, Falsehood. does indeed vanish away fast.' (17:82)

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. Thus, within a short time, all the idols including the famous idols placed inside the Ka'bah by the idol worshippers such as,. Hubal and other idols were turned into pieces with the strikes of the. Holy Prophet. The clearance of Ka'bah of the idols by the Holy. Prophet was a magnificent sign of the acceptance of Haḍrat sa as sa. Ibrāhīm's prayer: رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَذَا الْبَلَدَ أَمِنًا وَاجْنُبْنِي وَبَنِيَّ أَنْ نَّعْبُدَ الْأَصْنَامَ 0 rabbijʻal hadhal balada aminañwwaj nubni wa baniyya anna‘budal aṣnām. My Lord, make this city a city of peace, and keep me and my children away from worshipping idols. (14:36). The Ka'bah was restored to its true purpose, the worship of the One God, as was intended by Hadrat Ibrāhīm™. sa as ra. After breaking all the idols and thus purifying the Ka'bah, the Holy Prophet offered two offered two rak'at of Prayer at the 'Muqam-e-Ibrahim'. Then he called Ḥaḍrat 'Uthman bin Ṭalḥa who had the key to the Sacred Mosque of the Ka'bah. The Holy. Prophet took the key from him and opened the Ka'bah and then returned the key to Hadrat 'Uthman bin Talḥa and told him, "From now on the key to Ka'bah will remain forever with Hadrat 'Uthmān bin Talha and his progeny." sa. The Holy Prophet* stayed for fifteen days in Mecca during which besides organizing its affairs and instructing its people in Islam, he wiped out all the traces of paganism in the city. Thus, Umm al-Qură (Mecca) embraced Islām and raised high the torch of genuine monotheism. 201

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The. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Holy. Prophet's sa. Dream sa. Regarding. Migration and Future Successes ra. Hadrat Abū Mūsā relates that the Holy Prophet" said: "I saw in a dream that I migrated from Mecca to a place where there were many palm trees. I have interpreted the dream that this is either the area of Yamamah or Hajar. However, the events taken place since then have shown that it meant Yathrib (i.e., Medina). Then, I saw in the dream that I had shaken my sword and its front part had broken. Its interpretation was manifested when many Muslims were martyred in the Battle of Uhud. I saw also in the dream that I shook the sword again and it became better than before. Its interpretation was manifested in that God Almighty granted the Muslims a great victory in the form of the conquest of Mecca, and then through His blessings gathered all the Muslims together. I saw a few cows in my dream and saw also some blessings. The cows referred to the faithful who were martyred in the Battle of Uhud and the blessings referred to the reward which God gave in different ways after the Battle of Badr." (Sahih Bukhari, Kitābul Manāqib, Bāb ‘Alamātinnabuwwah fil Islam;, Muslim,. Kitabarru'ya', Ru'ya' an-Nabī ) sa sa. Sa. After the conquest of Mecca the Holy Prophet felt that the people of Medina might be thinking that he would take up his residence in Mecca, which was not his intention. So the Holy Prophet called the leaders of. Medina and informed them, "I have no intention of taking up residence in. Mecca. Although Mecca is very dear to me, but I will stay with the people who accepted and supported me when the Meccans had rejected me." The people of Medina were delighted to get this extremely pleasing news. 202

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa 14. Battles of Hunain and Auṭās. Battles of Hunain. At the time of the conquest of Mecca, many Arab tribes had accepted Islām. However, there were several tribes who due to being proud of their bravery and heritage were opposed to Islām. Specially, the. Banu Hawazin the tribe of Ta'if and their branch, the Banu Thaqif who were strong and experienced fighters and also were extremely proud of their strength and bravery. Most of the tribes around Mecca came to know of the conquest of Mecca much after its happening. With the conquest of. Mecca by the Muslims the tribes around Mecca felt threatened. To face this challenge they started to prepare their forces and appointed Malik bin 'Auf Nasry as leader of their forces. The Banu Sa‘d, Banū Bakr, Jatham, and Nasr branches of the Banū Hawazin joined the Banū Thaqif in their expedition. However, the Banū Kalab and Banu Ka'b did not join them.. When the people of Hawazin and Thaqif marched to attack Mecca, their leader Mālik bin 'Auf ordered them to take their family and cattle along with them. He thought that due to the company of their family and cattle his fighters would not run back. They encamped at Auṭās which was a valley close to Hunain between Mecca and Ta'if. The place was most suitable for fighting as the attacking army had to pass through a particular pathway and they could be ambushed by the opposing fighters. The. Muslim army of 12,000 strong included 10, 000 fighters who took part in the conquest of Mecca and 2,000 Meccans who willingly had joined the. Muslim Army. Some of them were new converts and a few were non-Muslims.. The enemy had hidden their archers on the narrow passage through 203

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$8. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa which the Muslim army had to go through to attack the opponent. When the Muslim army went through the narrow pathway and faced the enemy the hidden archers attacked the Muslim forces from the back. The new recruits who were not tested in the battles as were the others started to run back towards Mecca while they were riding their horses and camels. Their horses and camels were also frightened with this sudden shooting by the archers from the back and also an attack from the front. This created chaos and panic in the experienced Muslim army and their mounts were also frightened. Thus, they ran back towards Mecca. Some of them tried their best to turn back their mounts towards the Holy Prophet" who was still in the battlefield. However, their mounts were so frightened that they were unsuccessful in forcing their mounts to turn back towards the battlefield.. The Holy Prophet and about a hundred of his Companions" faced the enemy courageously. However, there were only ten Companions" who were close to the Holy Prophet. The rest were at a distance from him.. They all were exposed to a volley of arrows coming from three directions.. The only way to protect from the arrows was to pass through the narrow passage through which only a few people could pass at a time. Ḥaḍrat Abū. Bakr suggested to the Holy Prophet to wait till the Muslim forces regroup. However, the Holy Prophet did not accept his suggestion. He spurred his mule towards the narrow passage where the volleys of arrows were flying from different directions. While moving fast the Holy Prophet was saying in loud but majestic voice: ra sa sa sa sa sa 204 أَنَا النَّبِيُّ لَا كَذِبْ أَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبْ annannabiyyu la kadhibun, anabnu ‘abdul muttalib. I am a Prophet, (I am) not a liar. I am son of 'Abdul Muttalib. And he was praying اللَّهُمَّ نَزِلْ نَصْرَكَ

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Ḥaḍrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa allahumma nazzil nasraka. O Allah! Send your help. (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Jihad, Bab Conquest of Mecca) ra sa га. After announcing that he was a Prophet of God and a human being, the Holy Prophet called Ḥadrat 'Abbas". He told Hadrat 'Abbas" to call those who had taken a pledge under the tree at the occasion Hudaibiyyah agreement and those who had accepted Islām in the early days at the time of the revelation of Surah Al-Baqarah and tell them that the Prophet of. God was calling them. When Hadrat ‘Abbās" called the Companions" in loud voice as was directed by the Holy Prophet, the Companions" as soon as they heard the call returned to the Holy Prophet. Some of them even left their mounts which were not turning back towards the battlefield.. Thus, within a very short period of time the Companions" gathered around the Holy Prophet. Ḥadrat Abu Sufyān took responsibility for the safety of the Holy Prophet and held the stirrup of the mule of the Holy sa sa sa sa ra sa ra sa ra. Prophet. The Holy Prophet alighted from his mount, picked up some sand from the ground and threw it towards the enemy and said: شَاهَتِ الْوُجُوْهُ shahatil wujuhu. May the faces of the enemy be defaced. Attack the enemy forcefully and decisively. га. Upon hearing this, the Companions" attacked the enemy so forcefully and bravely that the enemy was routed. Ultimately, the enemy forces ran away leaving behind a large number of prisoners and other spoils of the war. The Battle of Hunain is described in the following tradition: 205

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa sa ra sa sa ra sa. Hadrat 'Abbas bin 'Abdul Muttalib" relates: "I was with the Holy. Prophet on the day of Hunain. My nephew, Abū Sufyän bin Ḥārith bin 'Abdul Muttalib and I remained close to the Holy Prophet" throughout and never left the Holy Prophet" alone. He was riding on his white mule, when the Muslims and the pagans encountered each other. The Muslims turned back. The Holy Prophet urged his mule towards the pagans. I was holding the bridle of his mule trying to restrain it from going too fast, and. Hadrat Abu Sufyan" was holding the Holy Prophet's stirrup. The Holy sa ra sa sa sa sa. Prophet said to me, ‘Abbās, call out to those who have made the covenant at Samurah. I called out in my loudest voice: "Where are those of the. Covenant of Samurah?" My voice is naturally far-reaching and as soon as they heard my voice they turned towards the Holy Prophet", like a cow turning towards her calf, shouting, 'At your service, At your service' and started to fight the infidels. Then the Holy Prophet" told me to call the. Ansar. O Ansar! O Ansar! the Messenger of Allāh is calling you. Then. Holy Prophet asked for, 'Bani Harith bin Khazraj! The Holy Prophet raised his head from his seat on his mule, observed the fighting and said, 'The battle is heating up.' Then the Holy Prophet threw some pebbles at the pagans and said, 'By the Lord of Muhammad, they will be defeated.' I noticed that as soon as the Holy Prophet" threw the pebbles, all the fierceness of the enemy was subdued, and they started running away.'. Sa sa sa 1 11 sa (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Jihad, Bab Ghazwah Ḥunain). The prisoners of war in the Battle of Ḥunain included Shīmā who was a daughter of Hadrat Halima and thus a foster sister of the Holy. Prophet. Shīmā told the Muslims that she is the foster sister of the Holy sa sa sa sa sa. Prophet. Her claim was mentioned to the Holy Prophet". The Holy. Prophet told the messenger to bring Shīmā to him. When she came, the. Holy Prophet talked with her and recognized her as being his foster sister.. The Holy Prophet" gave her due respect and gave her the option of either living with him or going back to her family. She preferred to go back to 206 sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa 58 sa her family. Accordingly, the Holy Prophet gave her some presents and sent her back to her family respectfully. sa ra sa. Hadrat Tufail relates that one day when the Holy Prophet” was distributing meat in Ji‘rānah, a woman came and the Holy Prophet" spread a sheet on the floor for her to sit. I asked who is this woman whom the. Holy Prophet has treated so respectfully? The people told me that she was foster mother of the Holy Prophet". Thus both the foster mother and the foster sister of the Holy Prophet* were the prisoners of war in the. Battle of Hunain. sa (Sunan Abu Dawud, Kitabul Adab, Bab fil-bir). Divine Help in the Battle of Hunain. The Holy Qur'an states about the Battle of Hunain: لَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللهُ فِي مَوَاطِنَ كَثِيرَةٍ ا وَيَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ لا إِذْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ كَثْرَتُكُمْ فَلَمْ تُغْنِ عَنْكُمْ شَيْئًا وَّ ضَاقَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ الْأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحْبَتْ ثُمَّ وَلَّيْتُمْ مُدْبِرِينَ أَ ثُمَّ اَنْزَلَ اللهُ سَكِيْنَتَهُ عَلَى رَسُوْلِهِ وَعَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ وَاَنْزَلَ جُنُودًا لَّمْ تَرَوْهَا وَعَذَّبَ الَّذِيْنَ كَفَرُوْا وَذَلِكَ جَزَاقُ الْكَفِرِيْنَ هُ laqad naşarakumullahu fi mawatina kathiratiñwwa yauma. Hunainin idh a'jabatkum kathratukum falam tughni ‘ankum shsai'añwwa ḍaqat ‘alaikumul arḍu bimā raḥubat thumma wallaitummud birin thumma anzalallahu sakinatahū ‘ala 207

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa rasulihi wa ‘alal mu'minina wa anzala junūdallam tarauhā wa ‘adhdhaballadhīna kafarū wa dhalika jazā'ul kāfirin. Surely, Allāh had helped you on many a battlefield, and on the Day of. Hunain, when your great numbers made you proud, but they availed you nought, and the earth, with all its vastness, became straitened for you, and then you turned your backs retreating. Then Allāh caused tranquility to descend upon His Messenger and upon the believers, and He sent down hosts which you did not see, and He punished those who disbelieved.. And this is the reward of the disbelievers. (9:25-26). Battle of Autās ra sa ra. A part of the Banu Hawazin army, after their defeat in the Battle of. Hunain, marched towards Autas. The Holy Prophet" sent a small force under the command of Hadrat Abū ‘Amir Ash'ari", the uncle of Hadrat. Abū Mūsā Ash'ari", to follow and destroy them. The Muslim army, which included Hadrat Abū Mūsā Ash'ari and Hadrat Salamah bin Al-Akwa“ caught the enemy forces in Autas. Although, the Banu Ḥawazin forces were defeated in the Battle of Hunain, the part of their force which has gathered at Autas was ready to fight the Muslim army. Thus, a battle between the two forces ensued. The blind leader of the Banu Hawazin, from the enemy forces, Durayd ibn al-Simmah came first to fight. Hadrat. Rabi'ah bin Rafi killed him. Hadrat Abū ‘Āmir" invited nine soldiers, individually, to accept Islām. However, all of them refused the invitation and kept on fighting. Hadrat Rabī‘a bin Rafi killed all of them. When ra ra га Ḥadrat Abū ‘Amir invited the tenth person to accept Islām. He accepted. Islām and remained steadfast in Islām throughout his life. Salamah, son of. Durayd ibn al-Simmah, shot an arrow towards Hadrat Abū ‘Āmir Ash‘arī ra ra which hit his knee. When Hadrat Abū Mūsā Ash'arī saw this, he attacked. Salamah and killed him, and kept the Muslim Flag in his control. Thus, a large part of the Banu Hawazin force was destroyed here also. The 208

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa remaining force was defeated and they ran away.. Distribution of the Spoils of the Battles of. Hunain and Autās sa sa. Ji'rānah is a town located between Ta'if and Mecca on the road to. Iraq. It is around 12 miles from Mecca. After the Battle of Ḥunain, the. Holy Prophet left the prisonors of the Banu Hawazin and the war-booty at. Ji‘rānah and went for the siege of Ta'if. After the end of the siege of Ța'if the Holy Prophet" came back to Ji‘rānah so that war booty, etc. could be divided. Already three weeks had passed since ending the battle and the booty had not yet been distributed. However, the Holy Prophet delayed the distribution for another few days in order to wait for the people of. Hawazin and to talk with them about the captives and other war booty before distribution. When people from Hawazin did not show up, the Holy. Prophet started distribution of the war booty. The spoils of the war collected by the Muslims were as follows: sa sa. Prisoners: 6,000; Camels: 24,000; Goats: 40,000; Silver: 4,000. Auqiyyas. sa. The Holy Prophet divided the booty into five parts. One part was kept for Baitul Mal and the rest was divided between the Muslim fighters.. The Holy Prophet* appointed Ḥadrat Zaid bin Thābit" to count the soldiers and do the distribution.. In this battle many new Muslims and some rich people of Mecca who had just basic knowledge of Islam had taken part. In order to win their hearts towards Islām the Holy Prophet" gave to many of them extra from the Baitul Mal portion of the spoils. Some amongst the Ansar saw this distribution as if favor had been done to the Quraish of Mecca who were the people of the Holy Prophet", over them. Accordingly, some of them openly said that the Holy Prophet had given extra booty to the Meccans sa sa 209

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa 58 sa while he had ignored them. The Holy Prophet" was saddened to hear such remarks. The incident is mentioned in detail in the following tradition: sa ra га sa га га sa sa sa. Hadrat Abū Sa'id al-Khudri relates that when the Holy Prophet distributed the spoils of the conquests of Hawāzin and Ḥunain amongst the. Arab tribes, the Ansar were not given anything. At this, the Anşar were displeased and felt heavy-hearted to the extent that they started talking a lot about the distribution of the goods. Someone said that the Holy. Prophet had sided with his own people. From the Ansar, Hadrat Sa'd bin 'Ubadah came to the Holy Prophet" and said, "Messenger" of Allāh, your distribution of goods has created confusion in the minds of some Anṣār.. While you have bestowed huge endowments out of the spoils of the wars to the people of your tribe, you did not give anything to the Ansar. The. Holy Prophet said, 'O Sa'd! Where were you at that time?' Hadrat Sa'd bin ‘Ubädah™ said, 'Messenger" of Allāh! I am also one of the Ansar. They do not care about my explanation.' The Holy Prophet" told Ḥaḍrat Sa'd bin "Ubadah to gather his people in a pavilion so that he could address them.. Hadrat Sa'd bin ‘Ubādah gathered his people. Some of the Emigrants were also allowed to come in while the rest of them were asked to leave.. When all the Ansar gathered in the pavilion, the Holy Prophet was notified. Hadrat Abū Sa'id al-Khudri* relates that the Holy Prophet* came to the pavilion. After praising Allāh, he said, 'O Ansar! I have come to know about your complaints. O Ansar! If you think that I came to you when you were misguided and through me, God Almighty has guided you.. You were destitute and through me, God made you rich and wealthy. You were the enemy of one another and through me, God made you brothers. Is not all this true?' The Anşar said, 'Certainly, it is a great blessing of God and His Messenger" upon us.' The Holy Prophet said, 'O Ansar! Why do you not respond to what I have told you? The Ansar said, 'What should we say? We are indebted to God and His Messenger".' The Holy Prophet said, 'If you like, you can respond like this and it will be a correct response: 'You came to us at a time when your people had rejected you and we accepted you. You came to us in a miserable state and we helped you. You came to 210 sa га sa 88. Sa sa sa sa

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa us homeless and we gave you shelter. You came when you were destitute and without any support, and we took care of your needs and gave you support.. O Ansar! Do you feel heavy-hearted and displeased because of the glittering wordly goods, which I have given to the Quraish and the new. Muslims from the Arab tribes to console and solace them. O Ansär! Are you not happy that people take with them goats and camels and you take the Messenger of Allah with you? By God, Who has control over my life!. If I had not migrated, I would have been one of the Ansar. If all the people go towards a valley using the same way and the Anşar use another way, I will accompany the Ansar. sa. O Allah! Have Mercy upon the Ansar, have Mercy on their children, have Mercy on their children's children. sa. Upon hearing this address of the Holy Prophet, the Ansar wept bitterly with great remorse, to the extent that their beards were soaked with tears and they said, 'Messenger" of Allah! We are pleased with you and with your distribution of the goods."' sa (Sirah Halabiyyah, Bab Dhikr Maghaziyyah, Vol. 3, pp. 176-177; Al-Musanna Li. Ibn Abi Shaiba, the Book on al-Maghazi, the Battle of Hunain, Hadith # 36986,. Vol. 7, p. 419, Dar ul Kutab al-'Ilmiyyah) sa. According to another tradition, the Holy Prophet asked, "O Anṣār!. What did you say? They replied, 'There were a few ignorant people who made those unsuitable and unpleasant remarks that God have mercy upon the Holy Prophet. He gives to the Quraish leaving us out while it is our swords which shed the blood of the enemy. However, the serious elderly. Ansar were disgusted with what happened.' Anyhow, after the problem was resolved, the Holy Prophet" left for his residence and the rest of the people also went to their places.'". S& (Sirah Halabiyyah, Vol. 3, pp. 176-177) 211

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa 15. The Expedition of Tabūk. Abū ‘Āmir Madani who belonged to the Khazraj tribe had developed the habit of silent meditation and of repeating the names of. God. Because of this habit, he was generally known as Abū ‘Āmir, the. Hermit. When the Holy Prophet" migrated to Medina, Abū ‘Āmir moved from Medina to Mecca. After the conquest of Mecca, he started different sorts of intrigues against Islām. He changed his name, came back from. Mecca and settled down in Qubā', a village near Medina. As he had been away for a long time the people of Medina did not recognize him. He contacted the hypocrites of Medina and with their help made a plan to go to Syria and excite and provoke the Christian rulers and Christian Arabs into attacking Medina. At the same time, he had planned to spread discord in Medina and rumors that Medina was going to be attacked by Roman forces. He hoped that as a result of this strategy Muslims and Syrian. Christians would go to war or at least the Muslims would themselves be provoked into attacking Syria. After completing his plans, he went to. Syria. While he was away the hypocrites at Medina according to the plan began to spread rumors that caravans had been sighted which were coming to attack Medina. When no caravan appeared, they issued some kind of explanation. så. These rumors became so persistent, that the Holy Prophet" thought it necessary to lead in person a Muslim army against Syria. These were difficult times. Arabia was in the grip of a famine. It was late September or early October when the Holy Prophet" set out on this mission. The hypocrites knew that the rumors were their own inventions. Their goal was to create a conflict between the great Roman Empire and the Muslims so that the Romans could destroy the Muslims. While the hypocrites were 212

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa busy spreading rumors about the Roman attack on the Muslims, they also made every effort to strike fear in the minds of the Muslims. Their plan was, on the one hand, to provoke the Muslims into attacking Syria and, on the other, to discourage them from going in large numbers. They wanted the Muslims to go to war against Syria and meet with certain defeat. But as soon as the Holy Prophet" announced his intention of leading this new expedition, enthusiasm ran high among the Muslims. Individual Muslims vied with one another in the spirit of sacrifice for the sake of their faith.. The poor Muslims were also provided with riding animals, swords and lances. There was at Medina at the time a party of Muslims who had migrated from Yemen. They were very poor. Some of them went to the. Holy Prophet and offered their services for this expedition. They said, “O. Prophet of God, take us with you. We want nothing beyond the means of going." The Qur'an makes a reference to these Muslims and their offers in the following words: sa و لَا عَلَى الَّذِيْنَ إِذَا مَا اَتَوْكَ لِتَحْمِلَهُمْ قُلْتَ لَا أَجِدُ مَا أَحْمِلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ من تَوَلَّوْا وَّ أَعْيُلُهُم تَفِيْضُ مِنَ الدَّمْعِ حَزَنَا أَلَّا يَجِدُوا مَا يُنْفِقُوْنَ wa la ‘alalladhina idhā mā atauka li taḥmilahum qulta la ajidu mā aḥmilukum 'alaihi tawallawwa a'yunuhum tafiḍu minaddam'i hazanan alla yajidū mā yunfiqūn. Nor against those to whom, when they came to you that you should mount them, thou did say, 'I cannot find whereon I can mount you'; they turned back, their eyes overflowing with tears, out of grief that they could not find what they might spend (9:92). га. Abū Mūsā was the leader of this group. When asked what they had asked for? He said, "We did not ask for camels or horses. We only said we did not have shoes and could not cover the long journey bare-footed. If we only had shoes, we would have gone on foot and taken part in the war alongside with our Muslim brethren." 213

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa sa sa sa sa sa. The disbelievers and the hypocrites had probably thought that the. Holy Prophet acting upon the rumors spread by them would attack the. Syrian armies without a thought. When the Holy Prophet reached close to. Syria, he stopped and sent his men in different directions for reconnaissance. The men returned and reported there were no Syrian concentrations anywhere. The Holy Prophet" decided to return, but stayed for a few days during which he signed agreements with some of the tribes on the border. There was no war and no fighting in this trip. The journey took the Holy Prophet" about two and a half months. When the hypocrites at Medina found out that their scheme for inciting war between Muslims and Syrians had failed and that the Prophet" was returning safe and sound, they began to fear that their plot had been exposed. They were afraid of the punishment which was now their due. But they did not halt their sinister plans. They equipped a party and posted it on the two sides of a narrow pass at some distance from Medina. The pass was so narrow that only a single file could go through it. When the Holy Prophet" and the Muslim army approached the spot, the Holy Prophet" received a warning by revelation that the enemy was lying in ambush on both sides of the narrow pass. The Holy Prophet" ordered his Companions" to check out the area.. When they reached the spot near the passage they saw men in hiding with the obvious intent to attack. However, they fled as soon as they saw this reconnaissance party. The Holy Prophet" decided not to pursue them. When the Holy Prophet" reached Medina, the hypocrites who had kept out of this battle began to make lame excuses. The Holy Prophet" accepted their excuses. At the same time he felt that the time had come to expose their hypocrisy. He had a command from God that the mosque at Qubā', which the hypocrites had built in order to be able to hold their meetings in secret, should be demolished. The hypocrites were compelled to say their Prayers with other Muslims. No other penalty was imposed. Upon returning from. Tabük, the Holy Prophet" found that the people of Ta'if also had submitted. After this the other tribes of Arabia applied for admission to. Islām. In a short time the whole of Arabia was under the flag of Islām. 214 sa sa 58 (Life of Muḥammad, Haḍrat Mirza Bashiruddin Maḥmüd Aḥmad, p. 156-160)

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. At the time of the expedition of Tabük, there was a group of people who did not want to take part in the battle. In fact, they were hypocrites.. Privately, they ridiculed the call to arms for the battle, and the timing and the strategy of the battle. They consulted one another to find ways to stay out of the battle and offered lame excuses to the Holy Prophet for not taking part in the battle. God Almighty revealed at that time: sa فَرِحَ الْمُخَلَّفُوْنَ بِمَقْعَدِهِمْ خِلْفَ رَسُوْلِ اللَّهِ وَكَرِهُوا أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ فِي سَبِيْلِ اللَّهِ وَقَالُوْا لَا تَنْفِرُوا فِي الْحَرِّ قُلْ نَارُ جَهَنَّمَ أَشَدُّ حَرَّاءَ لَوْ كَانُوْا يَفْقَهُوْنَ ) farihal mukhallafuna bi maqʻadihim khilafa rasūlillahi wa karihū añyyujahidū bi amwalihim wa anfusihim fi sabilillahi wa qālū ſa tanfirü fil harri qul nāru jahannama ashaddu harran lau kānū yafqahūn. Those who contrived to be left behind rejoiced at their staying back in contradiction to the Messenger of Allāh, and were averse to striving with their property and their persons in the cause of Allah. And they said, 'Go not forth in the heat.' Say, 'The fire of Hell is more intense in heat.' Could they but understand! (9:81). The Case of the Three Companions™ of the. Holy Prophets Who Remained Behind in the Expidition of Tabūk ra. Hadrat Abdullah bin Ka'b™ relates that he had heard from his father, Ka'b bin Malik a full account of the incident of his remaining behind the Holy Prophet" when he proceeded on the sa 215

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sa 216. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa campaign of Tabūk. Ka'b said: "I did not remain behind the sa sa sa sa. Messenger of Allāh in any battle except the Battle of Tabūk, and I failed to take part in the Battle of Badr, and in that case there was no question of any penalty for anyone who had not participated in it, for in fact, the Holy Prophet and the Muslims had gone out in search of the caravan of Quraish, but Allāh brought about a confrontation between them and their enemies unexpectedly. I was present with the Messenger of Allah the night of 'Aqabah, when we pledged for Islām. I would not exchange 'Aqabah with Badr, forall the fame of Badr as compared with 'Aqabah. My failure to accompany the Holy Prophet" in the campaign of Tabük fell out in this wise. I was stronger and more affluent at the time of this campaign than at any other time. I had then two riding camels, and never before did I have two. Whenever the Holy Prophet* decided on a campaign he would not disclose his real objective till the last moment. In this case, as the season was one of intense heat, the journey was long across the desert and the enemy was in great strength; he warned the Muslims clearly and told them his objective so that they should be fully prepared. A large number of. Companions" were ready to accompany the Messenger of Allāh.. No register would have sufficed for setting down the particulars of all of them. Most of those who were minded to keep away imagined that they would get away with it, unless their defection was disclosed through Divine revelation. Also the fruit on the trees had ripened and their shade was thick and this too occupied my mind. sa sa. The Messenger of Allāh and the Muslims who were to accompany him occupied themselves with their preparations and I would go out in the morning meaning to do the same along with him but would return without settling anything, saying to myself: 'There is plenty of time. I can get ready whenever I wish.' This went on and the Muslims completed their preparations, and one day the Messenger of Allah started with them on his march, and I had not yet done anything to prepare myself. I still continued in my sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa state of indecision, without settling anything, while the Muslims continued on the march. I thought I would go forth alone and overtake them. How I wish I had done it, but it was not to be. Now when I went about in the town it grieved me to observe that among those who were still at home like me were only those who were either suspected of hypocrisy or were excused on account of age or the like. sa sa. The Holy Prophet" made no mention of me till after he had arrived at Tabuk. There while sitting among the people he inquired, 'What had happened to Ka'b?' Someone from among the Bani. Salimah said: 'Messenger" of Allah, he has been hindered by his two cloaks and his habit of admiring his finery.' On this Mu'adh bin Jabal admonished him. The Holy Prophet" said nothing. At this time he observed someone at a distance in the desert clad in white and exclaimed: May it be Abu Khaisamah; and so he proved to be.. He was the one who was taunted by the hypocrites when he gave away a quantity of dates in charity. sa sa. When I learned that the Messenger of Allāh was on his way back from Tabūk I was much distressed and began to condider false excuses in my mind that might serve to shield me from his anger. I also consulted those members of my family whose judgment I trusted. When I heard that the Holy Prophet* was approaching I realized that no false excuse would avail me and I resolved to stick to the truth. He arrived the next morning. It was his custom that when he returned from a journey he first entered the mosque and offered two rak'at of Prayer and then sat facing the people. He did the same on this occasion and those who had remained behind from the campaign came up and began to put forward their excuses on oath. There were well over eighty. The. Holy Prophet accepted their verbal declarations, renewed their covenants, prayed for forgiveness for them and committed to Allāh whatever was in their minds. When it came to my turn and I saluted him, he smiled, but it was the smile of someone angry, and said: 'Come forward.' So, I stepped forward and sat down before him. He sa 217

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sa 218. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa sa asked: 'What kept you back? Had you not purchased your mount?' I replied: 'Messenger" of Allāh, were I confronted by someone other than yourself, a man of the world, I could easily escape his displeasure by some excuse, for I am gifted with skill in argument, but I know that if I were to spin before you a false tale today, which might even convince you, most certainly will Allāh soon rouse your anger against me over something. On the other hand, if I tell you the truth and you are wroth with me, I might still hope for a good end from Allah, the Exalted, the Glorious. I have no excuse. I was never stronger and more affluent than when I held back from accompanying you.' The Holy Prophet said: "This one has told the truth. Now withdraw, till Allāh issues His decree concerning you.'. Some men of Bani Salimah followed me out of the mosque and said: 'We have not known you to commit a fault before this, then why did you not put forward an excuse before the Holy Prophet like the others who had held back from the campaign? Your fault would have found its forgiveness through the prayer of the Holy. Prophet for your forgiveness.' They kept on reproaching me so severely that I made up my mind to go back to the Holy Prophet and to retract my confession. Then I asked them: 'Is anyone else in similar situation as mine?' They said: 'Yes. Two persons met him (the Holy Prophet") who explained to him the same as you have.. They were told as you have been told.' He said: 'Who were those?'. They said: 'Murārah bin Ar-Rabī‘ Al-‘Amrī and Hilāl bin Umayyah. Al-Waqifi.' Thus, they mentioned two such persons who were righteous, had participated in the Battle of Badr, and in whom there was an example for me. So I did not change my mind when they mentioned them to me. sa sa sa sa. The Holy Prophet" directed the Muslims to stop speaking to the three of us. People kept away from us, as if we were strangers, and it seemed to me that I was in a strange land which I could not recognize. This continued for fifty days. My two companions in misery were resigned and took to keeping inside their homes. But I being the youngest of the three and the toughest used to go out and

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa join the Muslims in Prayer and walked the streets but nobody would talk to me. I would attend upon the Holy Prophet" when he sat in the mosque after Prayer and would salute him and wonder whether he had moved his lips in returning my salutation. I would stand in Prayer near him and I noticed that he would look in my direction when I was occupied with the Prayer and would look away when I looked in his direction. Being oppressed by the hardness of the Muslims towards me I went one day and vaulted over the garden wall of my cousin Abū Qatādah of whom I was very fond, and saluted him, but he did not return my salutation. I said to him: 'O Abū Qatādah, I adjure you in the name of Allah! Do you not know that I love Allah and His Messenger?' But he said nothing. I repeated my adjuration. Still he did not reply. Then I asked him again. He said: 'Allāh and His Messenger know best.' At this my eyes burst into tears and I returned and jumped over the wall. га. Ka'b added: 'One day I was sauntering in the market-place of Medina when I heard a peasant from Syria, who had brought a quantity of corn for sale, say: 'Would someone direct me to Ka'b bin Malik?' People pointed in my direction. He came to me and handed me a letter from the king of Ghassan. Being literate myself. I read it. Its message was: 'We have heard that your master has treated you harshly. God has not made you to be humiliated and mistreated. Come over to us and we shall receive you graciously.'. Having read it, I said to myself: 'This is another trial; and I went to the oven and threw my letter in it.' sa. When forty days had elapsed without any indication in the revelation concerning us, a messenger of the Holy Prophet" came to me and said: 'The Messenger" of Allāh directs you to keep away from your wife.' I inquired: 'Shall I divorce her or what?' He said: 'No. Only do not associate with her.' I understood that my two companions had been directed likewise. So I told my wife: 'Go to your parents and remain with them till Allāh determines this matter.' Hiläl bin Umayyah's wife went to the Holy Prophet" and sa 219

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa 220 sa said: 'Messenger of Allāh, Hilal bin Umayyah is old and is not able to look after himself, nor has he a servant. Would it displease you if I were to serve him?' He said: 'No. But he should not associate with you.' She said: 'He has no desire for me; since this incident he is occupied only with weeping.' Some of my people said to me: 'You should also seek the permission of the Holy. Prophet that your wife should look after you as the wife of Hilal bin Umayyah looks after him.' I told them: 'I shall not ask the Holy. Prophet for permission for I do not know what he might say.. Besides, I am young.' sa sa. Ten more days passed like this and on the fifty-first morning, after communication with us had been outlawed, when, after the dawn Prayer at home, I was sitting in a melancholy state and the wide world, as Allah the Exalted, has described it, seemed to close in on me, I suddenly heard someone shout at the top of his lungs from the crest of Mount Sal': 'O Ka'b bin Mālik, good news!'. I immediately fell into prostration and realized that relief had come.. It seems that the Holy Prophet" had informed the people at the time of the dawn Prayer that Allāh the Most Honored and Glorious, had turned to us in mercy, and several people had set out to convey the good news to us. Some went to my two companions. One spurred his horse in the direction of my home. A man belonging to the tribe of Aslam ran up to the mount and his voice reached me before the arrival of the cavalier. When the one whose voice I had heard arrived to greet me, I took off my garments and made him wear them. I had no other garments for my own wearing and borrowed a pair to put on and set out to present myself before the. Holy Prophet. On the way I encountered crowds of people who congratulated me, saying: 'Blessed be the acceptance by Allāh of thy repentance.' When I entered the mosque I found the Holy. Prophet seated surrounded by people. Of them, Talḥa bin ‘Ubaidullāh got up and sprang towards me and, shaking my hand, congratulated me. He was the only one out of the Emigrants who got up and Ka'b never forgot Talha for this. sa sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa sa. When I saluted the Holy Prophet" his face was aglow with joy and he said: 'Be happy with the best one of all your days that have passed since your mother gave you birth.' I said: 'Messenger of Allah, is this from you or from Allah? He answered: 'It is indeed from Allāh.' It was usual with him that his happy face glowed as if it were a segment of the moon, which we took as a signal that he was pleased. I then submitted to him: 'Messenger" of. Allāh, to complete my repentance I would like to give up all my possessions as charity in the cause of Allāh and His Messenger.' He said: 'Hold back part of it; that would be better for you.' On which I said: 'I shall hold back that portion which is in Khaibar.' Then I submitted: 'Messenger of Allah! Allah the Exalted, has delivered me only because I adhered to the truth, and it is part of my repentance that for the rest of my days I shall speak nothing but the truth.' Ever since I declared this before the Holy Prophet", Allāh the. Exalted, has not tried anyone so well in the matter of telling the truth as He has tried me. To this day, since my declaration, I have never had any inclination to tell a lie, and I hope that Allāh will continue to safeguard me against it during the rest of my days. sa. Allah the Exalted revealed: لَقَدْ تَابَ اللهُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ وَالْمُهْجِرِيْنَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ فِي سَاعَةِ الْعُسْرَةِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا كَادَ يَزِيغُ قُلُوْبُ فَرِيْقٍ مِّنْهُمْ ثُمَّ تَابَ عَلَيْهِمْ ، إِنَّهُ بِهِمْ رَءُوْفٌ رَّحِيْم وَ عَلَى الظُّلْثَةِ الَّذِيْنَ حَتَّى إِذَا ضَاقَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ وَضَاقَتْ خلِفُوْا ط ط 0 の عَلَيْهِمْ اَنْفُسُهُمْ وَظَنُّوا أَنْ لا مَلْجَا مِنَ اللَّهِ إِلَّا إِلَيْهِ ، ثُمَّ تَابَ عَلَيْهِمْ لِيَتُوْبُوْا ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ ) يَأَيُّهَا الَّذِيْنَ ط 221

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222. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa أمَنُ اتَّقُوا اللهَ وَكُونُوا مَعَ الصَّدِقِيْنَ ) laqattaballahu 'alannabiyyi walmūhājirīna wal anṣārilla dhinattaba'ūhu fi sa'atil'usrati mim ba'di mā kāda yazīghu qulubu fariqimminhum thumma taba 'alaihim innahū bihim ra'ufurraḥimuñwwa ‘alaththalatha tilladhina khullifu ḥatta idha ḍaqat ‘alaihim ul arḍu bimã raḥubat wa ḍaqat ‘alaihim anfusuhum wa zannū alla malja-ā minallahi illa ilaihi thumma taba 'alaihim li-yatūbū innallaha huwattawwaburrahim ya ayyu halladhīna amanuttaqullaha wa künü ma'assadiqin. Allāh has certainly turned with mercy to the Prophet and to the Emigrants and the Helpers who followed him in the hour of distress after the hearts of a party of them had well-nigh swerved. He again turned to them with mercy. Surely, He is to them Compassionate, Merciful. And the three who remained behind, until the earth seemed too narrow for them despite all its vastness, and their souls were also straitened for them, and they became convinced that there was no refuge from Allah save unto. Himself. Then He turned to them with mercy that they might turn to Him.. Surely, it is Allāh Who is Oft-Returning with compassion and is Merciful.. O ye who believe! fear Allah and be with the truthful. (9:117-119). sa. Ka'b continued: 'After Allah had guided me to Islām. His greatest bounty in my estimation, that He bestowed upon me, was my telling the truth to the Holy Prophet", and not lying to him and ruining myself as were ruined those who did tell lies to him. In His revelation Allāh had said concerning those who told lies worse than. He said concerning anyone: سَيَحْلِفُوْنَ بِاللَّهِ لَكُمْ إِذَا انْقَلَبْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ لِتُعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمْ ط فَأَعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمْ ، إِنَّهُمْ رِجْس د و مَأْوَهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ جَزَاء بِمَا ز وَّ ج

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa كَانُوا يَكْسِبُوْنَ ( يَحْلِفُوْنَ لَكُمْ لِتَرْضَوْا عَنْهُمْ ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَرْضَى عَنِ الْقَوْمِ الْفُسِقِيْنَ ) sa yaḥlifuna billahi lakum idhanqalabtum ilaihim li tuʻriḍū 'anhum fa a'ridu 'anhum innahum rijsuñwwa ma'wāhum jahannam jazā-am bimā kānū yaksibūn yaḥlifuna lakum litardau 'anhum fa innallaha la yarḍa ‘anil qaumil fasiqin. They will swear to you by Allāh, when you return to them, that you may leave them alone. So leave them alone. Surely, they are foul, and their abode is Hell -- a fit recompense for that which they used to earn. They will swear to you that you may be pleased with them. But even if you be pleased with them, Allāh will not be pleased with the rebellious people. (9:95-96) sa sa. Our matter had been left pending, of the three of us, apart from the matter of those who had made excuses on oath before the. Holy Prophet which he accepted, and whose covenants he renewed and for whom he prayed for forgiveness. The Holy. Prophet kept our matter pending till Allah determined it with: 'He has also turned with mercy to the three whose matter was deferred.'. The reference here is not to our holding back from the campaign, but to his deferring our matter and keeping it pending beyond the matter of those who made their excuses on oath which the Holy. Prophet accepted. sa (As-Siratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Vol. 4, p. 175) sa. One version adds: The Holy Prophet" set out for Tabūk on. Thursday. He preferred setting out on a Thursday. He always returned from a journey in the early forenoon and went directly to the mosque where he offered two rak'at Prayer, thereafter he sat down for sometime and then left for home." ra (Sahih Bukhari, Ka‘b bin Malik ) 223

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224 sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Establishment of Mosques sa sa. During his trip from Medina to Tabuk wherever the Holy. Prophet encamped or stayed overnight he established a mosque for offering Prayers. Thus during this trip the Holy Prophet established seventeen mosques at following locations: Tabūk,. Thanitah Madran, Dhatazzarab, al-Akhdar, Dhatil Khatmā, al-Aba', Dhanb Kawakib near al-Batra', al-Shaqq, Dhil Jaifah,. Sadr Haudi, al-Hajar, al-Sa'id, al-Wadiul Qura, Shaqta Banī 'Uzrah, Dhil-Marwah, al-Faifa' and Dhi Khushab. (As-Siratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Vol. 4, pp. 174-175; Sirah Ibne Hisham,. Urdu, Translation by 'Abdul Jalil Siddiqi, Vol. 2, p. 636, I'tiqad Publishing. House, Delhi, India, 1982)

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa 16. Demolition of the Conspiracy Centers. Demolition of the Mosque Built by Hypocrites (Dirār Mosque) sa sa. When the Holy Prophet migrated from Mecca to Medina, before entering Medina he stayed at Qubā'. During his stay in Quba”, the Holy. Prophet laid the foundation of a mosque there. This mosque was located in the area belonging to the Banu ‘Amr bin 'Auf. This gave high status and respect to the Banu ‘Amr bin ‘Auf. Banū Ghanam bin ‘Auf who were always competing with the Banu ‘Amr bin 'Auf who had also accepted. Islām. However, due to the construction of the mosque by Banū ‘Amr bin 'Auf they became jealous of the Banu ‘Amr bin 'Auf. The hypocrites exploited the situation and by showing sympathy to the Banu Ghanam bin 'Auf they developed a close relationship with them. Abū ‘Āmir, a. Christian Priest, had already settled in Quba' to conspire and to develop strategies to damage Islām. He incited the Banu Ghanam and advised them to safeguard their interests by building a mosque to compete with the Banū 'Amr. He also told them to collect and store armament in the mosque, so that, when the Roman army attacks Medina, with their help, he would make the Holy Prophet" leave Medina. After planning this scheme, he himself left for Syria to incite and encourage Heraclius to attack Medina.. In his absence, the hypocrites and many new Muslims who had poor understanding of Islām started to come to the mosque built by the Banū. Ghanam. In the mosque they used to meet to hatch schemes and plan strategies to damage Islām. Furthermore, they would pick out faults with and conspire against the Holy Prophet" and Islām. One of the strategies they used to damage Islām was the misrepresentation and interpretation of sa sa 225

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa. Sa sa the Holy Qur'an to the people. They also started to spread rumors and false propaganda about the Holy Prophet" and Islām. Thus, the mosque became a center for sowing discord among the Muslims. At the same time, the. Holy Prophet was very busy in making preparations for the expedition of. Tabuk. Before he left for the expedition of Tabūk the hypocrites even asked the Holy Prophet" to come to their mosque and bless it by offering. Prayer there. Their intention was to establish the mosque as a legitimate mosque. Due to lack of time the Holy Prophet was unable to go to the mosque. However, he promised them to come to the mosque sometime later on. God Almighty revealed to the Holy Prophet" the true nature of the mosque in the following verses: sa sa وَالَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مَسْجِدًا ضَرَارًا وَكُفْرًا وَ تَفْرِيقًا بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ وَ اِرْصَادًا لِمَنْ حَارَبَ اللهَ وَ رَسُوْلَهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ ، وَلَيَحْلِفُنَّ إِنْ أَرَدْنَا إِلَّا ط الْحُسْنَى ، وَاللهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَذِبُوْنَ ٥ لَاتَقُمْ فِيْهِ اَبَدًا لَمَسْجِدُ أُسّس ط ط عَلَ التَّقْوَى مِنْ أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ اَحَقُّ اَنْ تَقُوْمَ فِيهِ ، فِيْهِ رِجَالٌ يُحِبُّوْنَ أَنْ د ط يُتَطَهَّرُوا ، وَاللهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُطَّهِّرِينَ ) أَفَمَنْ أَسَّسَ بُنْيَانَهُ عَلَى تَقْوَى مِنَ اللهِ وَ ِرضْوَانٍ خَيْرُ اَمَ مِّنْ أَسْسَ بُنْيَانَهُ عَلَى شَفَا جُرُفٍ هَادٍ فَانْهَارَ بِهِ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ وَاللهُ لا يَهْدِى الْقَوْمَ الظَّلِمِيْنَ 0 لَا يَزَالُ بُنْيَانُهُمُ الَّذِي ط بَنَوْا رِيْبَةُ فِي قُلُوْبِهِمْ إِلَّا أَنْ تَقَطَّعَ قُلُوْبُهُمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيْمٌ حَكِيمٌ 0 walladhi nattakhadhū masjidan dirarañwwa kufrañwwa tafriqam bainal mu'minina wa irṣadalliman häraballaha wa rasūlahū min qablu wala yaḥlifunna in aradna illal ḥusna walſahu yash-hadu 226

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa innahum la kadhibūn la taqum fihi abada la masjidun ussisa ‘alattaqwa min awwali yaumin ahaqqu an taquma fihi fihi rijaluñyyu hibbūna añyyataṭahharū wallahu yuḥibbul muttahhirin afaman assasa bunyanahū ‘ala taqwa minallahi wa riḍwanin khairun amman assasa bunyanahū ‘ala shafa jurufin hädin fanhara bihi fi nāri jahannama wallahu la yahdil qaumazzalimin la yazālu bunyanu humulladhī banau řībatan fi qulubihim illa an taqaṭṭa'a qulubuhum wallahu 'alimun hakim. And among the hypocrites are those who have built a mosque in order to injure. Islam and help disbelief and cause division among the believers, and to provide a place of hiding for those who have already waged war against Allāh and His. Messenger before this. And they will surely swear: 'We meant nothing but good', but Allāh bears witnes that they are certainly liars. Never stand to pray therein. A mosque which was founded upon piety from the very first day is surely more worthy that you should stand to pray therein. In it are men who love to become purified, and Allāh loves those who purify themselves. Is he, then, who laid his foundation on fear of Allah and His pleasure better or he who laid his foundation on the brink of a tottering water-worn bank which tumbled down with him into the fire of Hell? And Allāh does not guide a people who transgress. This building of theirs, they have raised, will ever be a source of disquiet and uncertainty in their hearts, until their hearts split and are torn to pieces. And Allāh is. All-Knowing, Wise. (9:107-110) sa га га. While returning from the expedition of Tabūk, when the Holy. Prophet reached a place called Dhū Awan, he sent Hadrat Mālik bin al-Dukhshum™, Ḥaḍrat Ma'n bin ‘Adi", Ḥaḍrat ‘Āşim bin ‘Adi", Ḥaḍrat 'Amir bin al-Sakn" and Hadrat Wahshi" to Medina and said to them, "The founders of this mosque are very cruel. Burn the mosque while they are watching it." All of them left for Quba' to implement the order of the Holy. Prophet. They burnt the mosque to ashes during the time between. Maghrib and ‘Isha' Prayers. Thus, the mosque which had become a central gathering-place for the enemies of Islam was permanently destroyed. Since this mosque was built to harm the Muslims, that is why, in Islamic sa 227

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Sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa literature the mosque is mentioned as 'Dirar Mosque. With the destruction of their gathering-place, the hypocrites were scared and went into hiding. (As-Siratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Vol. 4, p. 174; The Life of the Prophet. Muhammad, Ibn Kathir, al-Sirah al-Nabawiyya, Vol. 4, pp. 26-28, Translated by. Trevor Le Gassik, 2000; The History of al-Tabari, Vol. 9, pp. 60-61, Translated by Isma'il Poonawala, Los Angeles, CA, 1987). Demolition of the House Used by the Hypocrites to Conspire Against the Muslims sa sa. Some of the Jews who had lived in Medina, due to their animosity towards the Holy Prophet", used to conspire against the Holy Prophet and. Islām. One such Jew by the name of Suwailam was living in the part of. Medina called 'Jāsūm'. His house was used by the hypocrites as a center to meet and conspire. They used to gather there, create damaging stories about the expedition of Tabūk and then spread these stories among the. Companions" of the Holy Prophet" to discourage them from taking part in the expedition. When the Holy Prophet" came to know about these Jews and their evil plans he sent Hadrat ‘Ammar bin Yasir" to tell them that the. Holy Prophet knew about their evil designs. When they found out that the. Holy Prophet knew about their activities they came to the Holy Prophet and apologized for their activities. God Almighty revealed the following concerning them: sa sa ra sa يَحْذَرُ الْمُنْفِقُونَ أَنْ تُنَزِّلَ عَلَيْهِمْ سُوْرَةٌ تُنَبِّلُهُمْ بِمَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ ، قُلِ ج ط اسْتَهْزِءُوا إِنَّ اللهَ مُخْرِجٌ مَّا تَحْذَرُونَ ( وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ لَيَقُولُنَّ إِنَّمَا كُنَّا تَخُوضُ وَنَلْعَبُ ، قُلْ اَبا للهِ وَابْتِهِ وَرَسُولِهِ كُنتُمْ تَسْتَهْزِوْنَ 0 لَا 228

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa تَعْتَذِرُوا قَدْ كَفَرْتُمْ بَعْدَ إِيْمَانِكُمْ ، اِنْ نَّعْفُ عَنْ طَائِفَةٍ مِنْكُمْ نُعَذِّبْ طَائِفَهُ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوْا مُجْرِمِيْنَ 0 م ط yaḥdharul munāfiqūna an tunazzala 'alaihim süratun tunabbi'uhum bimā fi qulubihim qulistahzi'u innallaha mukhrijummā taḥdharūn wa la'in sa-altahum layaqūlunna innamā kunnā nakhūdu wa nal‘abu qul a-billahi wa ayatihi wa rasūlihi kuntum tastahzi'ün la ta'tadhiru qad kafartum ba'da imanikum inna'fu ‘an ta'ifa timminkum nu'adhdhib fa'ifatambi annahum kānū mujrimīn. The hypocrites fear lest a Sūrah should be revealed against them, informing them of what is in their hearts. Say, 'Mock ye! surely, Allāh will bring to light what you fear.' And if you question them, they will most surely say, 'We were only talking idly and jesting.' Say, 'Was it Allāh and His Signs and His Messenger that you mocked at? 'Offer no excuse. You have certainly disbelieved after your believing,. If We forgive a party from among you, a party shall We punish, for they have been guilty.' (9:64-66). When the Holy Prophet" got confirmation that the house was being used as a center for conspiracies against Islām, he ordered Ḥadrat Talha bin 'Ubaidullah to destroy the center. Hadrat Talha bin ‘Ubaidullāh took a few Companions" with him to Suwailum's house and set it on fire. Thus, at least temporarily, the center was destroyed. ra (Sirah Ibne Hisham, Urdu, Translated by 'Abdul Jalil Siddiqi, Vol. 2, p. 622,. I'tiqad Publishing House, Delhi, India, 1982).. Death of 'Abdullāh bin Ubayy bin Salūl 'Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salūl, the leader of the hypocrites fell ill after the Expedition of Tabūk and died within two months of his illness. He 229

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa sa sa sa had developed a strong hatred for the Holy Prophet" due to the emigration of the Holy Prophet to Medina. Despite that the Holy Prophet" was compassionate to him and made sure that the Muslims did not harm him. ra. When Hadrat 'Abbas", the uncle of the Holy Prophet", was captured in the Battle of Badr, none of the shirts available at that time fitted. Hadrat Abbas. He was quite a tall man and the shirts were of standard size. However, ‘Abdullāh bin Ubayy bin Salūl's shirt fitted Hadrat 'Abbas' as he was also a tall man. 'Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul removed his shirt and gave it to Ḥaḍrat ‘Abbās". When 'Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salül died, the Holy Prophet returned the favor by giving his own shirt to use as a shroud for his burial and prayed for him. He also led his funeral Prayer despite strong opposition from Hadrat ‘Umar". sa sa sa ra sa sa sa. Hadrat 'Umar states that he said: "Messenger" of Allāh, will you pray over one of the enemies of Allāh?" The Holy Prophet" smiled and did not say anything. I kept on mentioning the evil acts ‘Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul had committed against the Holy Prophet and the Muslims. The. Holy Prophet said, "I was given a choice. I was told to plead forgiveness for the hypocrites or not. Even if I plead for them seventy times Allāh will not forgive them. If I knew that if I exceeded seventy times, He would forgive them, I would do so." The Holy Prophet" was referring to the following verse of the Holy Qur'ān: sa اسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ أَوْ لَا تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ إِنْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ سَبْعِيْنَ مَرَّةً فَلَنْ b يُغْفِرَ اللهُ لَهُمْ ، ذلِكَ بِاَنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَ رَسُوْلِهِ ، وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِى الْقَوْمَ الْفَسِقِيْنَ ل istaghfir lahum au la tastaghfir lahum in tastaghfir lahum sabʻına marratan falañyyaghfirallahu lahum dhalika bi annahum kafarū 230

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa billahi wa rasulihi wallahu la yahdil qaumal fasiqin. Ask you forgiveness for them, or ask you not forgiveness for them; even if you ask forgiveness for them seventy times, Allāh will never forgive them. That is because they disbelieved in Allāh and His Messenger. And Allāh guides not the perfidious people. (9:80) sa. When the Holy Prophet" returned from the graveyard after burial of ‘Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salūl, God Almighty revealed the following to the Holy Prophet": ط وَلَا تُصَلِّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِّنْهُم مَّاتَ اَبَدًا وَّ لَا تَقُمْ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ ، إِنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوْا بِاللهِ وَ رَسُوْلِهِ وَمَاتُوْا وَهُمْ فَسِقُوْنَ ) وَلَا تُعْجِبْكَ أَمْوَالُهُم 0 وَاَوْلَادُهُم إِنَّمَا يُرِيْدُ اللهُ اَنْ يُعَذِّبَهُم بِهَا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَتَزْهَقَ أَنْفُسُهُم وَهُمْ كُفِرُونَ ) wa la tuṣalli ‘ala aḥadimminhummāta abadañwwa la taqum ‘ala qabrihi innahum kafarū billahi wa rasūlihi wa mātū wa hum fasiqūn wa la tu'jibka amwaluhum wa auladuhum innamä yuridullahu añyyu‘adhdhibahum bihä fiddunya wa tazhaqa anfusuhum wa hum kafirūn. Never say prayer over any of them when he dies, nor stand by his grave to pray, for they disbelieved in Allāh and His Messenger and died while they were disobedient. And their possessions and their children should not excite your wonder; Allāh only intends to punish them therewith in this world and that their souls may depart while they are disbelievers. (9:84-85) (The Life of the Prophet Muhammad, Ibn Kathir (al-Sirah al-Nabawiyya), Vol. 4, pp. 45-47, Translation by Trevor Le Gassik, 2000) 231

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. BS 17. Basic Teachings of Islām. The Five Fundamentals of Islām. Islām has five basic duties which a Muslim has to perform. They are known as the Five Fundamentals of Islām or the Five Pillars of Islām.. The pillars of Islām are mentioned in the following Hadith of the. Holy Prophet": بُنِيَ الإِسْلاَمُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لا إلهَ إلا الله وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَّسُوْلُ اللهِ ، وَ ِإقَامِ الصَّلوة ، وَ ابْنَاءِ الذُّكُوةِ ، وَ حَجَّ الْبَيْتِ ، وَصَوْمِ رَمَضَانَ ) buniyal islamu ‘aſa khamsin; shahadati ‘alſa iſaha illallahu wa anna muhammadar rasulullahi, wa iqamissalati, wa ifa'izzakati, wa hajjil baiti, wa saumi ramadan.. Islam is based on five (pillars): 1). Bearing witness that there is none worthy of worship but. Allāh, and Muhammad is His servant and His messenger (Declaration of Faith) 232

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa 2) Observance of Salat (Daily Prayers) sa 3). Paying of Zakat 4). Pilgrimage to the House of Allah (The Ka'bah) 5). Fasting during Ramadan sa (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Ïman, Bab qaulannabi" "Buniyal Islamu ‘ala khamsin').. The first and the foremost pillar of Islām is called Shahadah, the declaration of Islamic faith. The belief in the Oneness of God is the basic requirement of believing in Islām.. The second pillar is called Salat, i.e., to perform Prayer in a prescribed form. Prayer is the basic and most important means by which man communicates with Allāh and draws himself near to Him.. The third pillar is called Saum, i.e., to keep fast in the month of. Ramadan. By fasting, a Muslim can purify himself spiritually, elevate his soul and obtain nearness to Allāh. To fast is to abstain from food, drink, smoking and conjugal relations from dawn to dusk. It was the month during which revelation of the Holy Qur'an to the Holy Prophet began. sa. The Holy Qur'an allows exemption from fasting to the elderly, the chronically sick and children. However, they are required to feed or pay to feed the poor for the whole month of Ramadan in order to make up for fasts they could not keep. Temporary exemption is permitted to those travelling, the sick, pregnant and nursing or menstruating women. They are expected to make up the fasts at a later time before the start of the next month of fasting.. The fourth pillar is called Zakat. It is a form of levy which. Muslims of means pay annually in cash or kind, and is spent for good causes mentioned in the Holy Qur'ān. Thus it is given for the purpose of purification of wealth. Zakat is used for the upkeep of the poor, the 233

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ᏕᎸ. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa destitute, travelers in need, for those serving in the way of Islam, for those fighting in the way of Allāh, for slaves to buy their freedom, and for benevolent works. Zakat can be levied on land produce, livestock, and liquid assets, e.g., gold, silver, and savings in the bank left for more than one year.. The fifth pillar is called Hajj, i.e., to perform pilgrimage to the. Ka'bah (Baitullah) in Mecca, at least once in the lifetime of a Muslim when the person is able bodied and has the means to go for Hajj. The Hajj ceremony involves a series of religious rites which extend over several days, performed at the Holy Ka'bah in Mecca and other special holy sites near it. The Ka'bah is believed by Muslims to be the first house built for the worship of One God. It was rebuilt by Prophet Abraham and his son. Ishmael, and later on by the Holy Prophet*. sa as. The Hajj serves as a striking reminder of the Oneness of Allāh and it emphasizes the brotherhood and equality of human beings, as well as the importance of man's willingness to sacrifice himself for the sake of his. Creator.. The above mentioned five pillars of Islām must be professed by everyone who desires to become a Muslim. Although Muslims are already divided into many sects -- like all other religions -- on this issue there are no two opinions. By whatever title the sects are recognized, be they Sunnis or Shi'ites, all believe in these five fundamental pillars.. Shahādah (Declaration of Faith). The first and the foremost pillar of Islām is called. Shahadah, the declaration of Islamic faith, i.e., 234 أَشْهَدُ اَنْ لا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيْكَ لَهُ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُوْلُه

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa ash hadu alſa iſaha illallahu waḥdahū la sharikalahū wa ash hadu anna muhammadan ‘abduhū wa rasūluh. I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allāh. He is. One; (and) Has no partner, and I bear witness that Muḥammad is His servant and messenger.. Salāt (Daily Prayers). In every religion Prayer is regarded as the pivot on which rests man's Communion with God. God prescribed Prayer as the second pillar of His everlasting religion Islām.. Of all religious obligations, Islām has laid the greatest emphasis on the institution of Prayer (Ṣalat). It is enjoined upon every Muslim to pray five times a day. Besides the five obligatory. Prayers, there are other types of prayers which are optional. sa sa ra sa. Hadrat Jābir relates that the angel Gabriel visited the Holy. Prophet and said: "Arise and offer Prayer." Accordingly, the Holy. Prophet offered Zuhr Prayer at the declining of the sun, then he came to him at the time of 'Aşr Prayer and said: 'Arise and offer. Prayer.' So the Holy Prophet offered 'Asr Prayer when the shadow of objects was equal to their size, then he came to him at the. Maghrib time and said: 'Arise and offer Prayer.' So the Holy. Prophet offered Maghrib Prayer after the sunset, then he came to him at the time of 'Isha' Prayer and said: 'Arise and offer Prayer.'. So the Holy Prophet offered Isha' Prayer when light in the horizon had disappeared, then he came to him at the time of Fajr Prayer and said: 'Arise and offer Prayer.' So the Holy Prophet offered the. Fajr Prayer at the beginning of the dawn. sa sa sa sa. The next day, Gabriel again visited the Holy Prophet at the 235

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa time of Zuhr Prayer and said: 'Arise and offer Prayer.' So he (the. Holy Prophet), offered Zuhr Prayer when the shadow of objects corresponded to their size, then he came to him at the time of ‘Asr. Prayer and said: 'Arise and offer Prayer.' So the holy Prophet" offered 'Asr Prayer when the shadow of things was twice their size, then he came to him at the Maghrib Prayer time which was the same time as that of the previous day, then he came to him at the 'Isha' Prayer time after passing of either half or one-third of the night, then he came to him for Fajr Prayer when the light had spread fully, then he said: 'Arise and offer Prayer.' So he offered. Fajr Prayer.. After that Gabriel said: "The time to offer the Prayers in between the two times (prescribed)." (Musnad Ahmad, p. 330/3) 236. SAUM (Fasting of Ramadan). Fasting is another form of worship found universally in the world religions. Although there are vast differences regarding the mode of fasting and the conditions applied to it, the central idea of fasting is present everywhere. Fasting in Islām is a highly developed institution. There are two types of injunctions with regards to fasting. One relates to obligatory fasting and the other to optional. Obligatory fasting is further divided into following two categories: 1. There is one full month (Ramadan) in every year in which fasting is prescribed for Muslims all over the world. As the month is a lunar month, so it keeps changing around the year according to the solar months.. Fasting in Islām begins everywhere at the first appearance of dawn, and ends with sunset. During this period one is

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa 2. expected to abstain from all food and drink, and conjugal relations, completely. Furthermore, a greater part of the night is spent in spiritual exercises such as recitation of the. Holy Qur'an and offering of the Tahajjud Prayers, which is very essence of fasting. During the month of fasting,. Muslims are required to redouble their efforts in alms-giving and care for the destitute.. Other obligatory fasting is most often related to seeking forgiveness of God for sins. This includes violation of the obligatory fasts.. The Holy Qur'ān says: يْأَيُّهَا الَّذِيْنَ آمَنُوْا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِيْنَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُوْنَ لا ya ayyuhalladhina āmanū kutiba 'alaikumusṣiyamu kamā kutiba 'alalladhīna min qablikum laʻallakum tattaqūn. O Ye who believe! fasting is prescribed for you, as it was prescribed for those before you, so that you may become righteous. (2:184). Zakāt (Alms Giving). Zakāt is a kind of worship prescribed in order to bring about equitable economic adjustment in society. The Arabic word. Zakāt literally means to purify something. In this context a mandatory payment of a fixed portion of the wealth would mean that the residual wealth after the deduction of Zakat has been rendered pure and lawful for the believers.. The Holy Qur'an commands: 237

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238 sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa وَ اَقِيْمُوا الصَّلوةَ وَ ْأتُوا الزَّكُوةَ وَ أَطِيْعُوا الرَّسُوْلَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ ) wa aqimuṣṣalata wa atuzzakāta wa afi'urrasula la‘allakum turhamūn. And observe Prayer and give the Zakāt and obey the Messenger, that you may be shown mercy (24:57). The Holy Qur'ān further says about Zakāt. وَمَا أَتَيْتُمْ مِنْ زَكُوةٍ تُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ فَأُولَبِكَ هُم الْمُضْعِفُوْنَ ) wa ma ataitummin zakatin turīdūna wajhallahi fa uſa'ika humul muḍʻifun. But whatever you give in Zakāt seeking the favor of Allāh -- it is these who will increase their wealth manifold (30:40). Apart from meeting the demands of the State, this collection is intended to meet the needs of the poor. It is collected from Muslims possessing a certain amount of money or property, and is spent on the poor, the needy, the orphans, widows and wayfarers, etc. It is normally levied at 2.5% on disposable assets above specific thresholds which have remained in the hands of owners beyond one year. One of the many benefits of Zakat is that due to the fear that any idle capital would be gradually eroded away through the imposition of Zakāt, every one with surplus savings would be encouraged to employ it in earning profit to off-set the effect of Zakat.

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. The Holy Qur'ān says that in the wealth is a share of those who are unable to meet their basic needs and are considered deprived in their environment. وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِّلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُوْمِ 0 wa fi amwalihim ḥaqqullissa'ili walmaḥrūm. And in their wealth is a share belonging to the beggar and the destitute. (51:20) وَالَّذِيْنَ فِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ مَّعْلُوْم لا لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ 8 0 walladhina fi amwalihim walmaḥrūm haqqumma'lumullissä'ili. And those in whose wealth there is a recognized right for the beggar and the destitute who begs not. (70:25-26). This clearly establishes that it is the right of every person to have certain basic necessities of life provided to him in every land and society, and those made responsible for meeting this obligation are the ones who possess more than their basic needs, leaving it to the. State to decide upon the modus operandi, to ensure that the system is fair, just and equitable and adequately fulfills its basic purpose. follows:. A tradition of the Holy Prophet regarding Zakat is as عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللَّهِ : حَصِنُوْا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بِالزَّكُوةِ وَ دَاوُوْا مَرْضَاكُم بِالصَّدَقَةِ وَاسْتَقْبَلُوْا أَمْوَاجَ الْبَلَاءِ 239

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240. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa بِالدُّعَاءِ وَ التَّضَرُّعِ 'anil ḥasani" qāla qāla rasulullahi": hassinu amwālakum bizzakāti wa dawū marḍakum biṣṣadaqati wastaqbalū amwajal bala'i biddu'a'i wattadarru'i ra sa. Hasan relates that the Holy Prophet said: "Fortify your property by paying Zakat, cure the sick by giving charity and defend yourself against the undulations of calamities through invocations and humble entreaties. (Murasil Abū Dawūd, Bab fiṣṣa'im yusību ahlihî). Hajj (Pilgrimage). To perform a pilgrimage of the "Ka'bah", which is also called "Baitullah", in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, is called Hajj.. Like the month of fasting, the time appointed for the pilgrimage, ten weeks after the Festival of the breaking of the fast ('Idul fitr) is fixed according to the lunar calendar, and rotates throughout the year. The pilgrimage thus falls in all seasons of the year.. God Almighty says in the Holy Qur'ān: وَ لِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيْلاً wa lillahi ‘alannāsi hijjulbaiti manistaţa‘a ilaihi sabīla. And pilgrimage to the House (House of Allāh) is a duty which men those who can find a way thither -- owe to Allāh. (3:98)

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Sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. One finds the institution of pilgrimage in all religions of the world, but the sites for pilgrimage are scattered at different places in one or more countries. One does not find a single central place, which all the followers of a religion must visit at least once in the lifetime. In Islām, Mecca is such a place, where Muslims from all over the world are expected to gather and spend about ten days entirely dedicated to the memory of God. The pilgrims come from all countries, all nations, all races and all ages. Men, women and children all gather once a year for Ḥajj, running into millions. sa (An Elementary Study of Islam, Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad, p. 37) sa ra. Hadrat 'Umar bin Al-Khaṭṭāb relates: "We were sitting one day with the Holy Prophet" when a man appeared among us whose clothes were of an intense whiteness, whose hair was jet black, who bore no mark of travel and who was not known to any of us. He sat down in front of the. Holy Prophet, their knees touching, and placing his hands on his thighs he said: 'Muhammad, tell me about Islām.' The Holy Prophet said: 'Islām is that you should bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allāh and Muḥammad is His Messenger, and that you should observe Prayer, pay the Zakat, observe the fast during Ramadan, and perform the Pilgrimage to the House if you can afford the journey thither.'. The man said: 'That is right.' We were surprised that he inquired and also confirmed the correctness of the answer. He then said: 'Tell me about faith.'. The Holy Prophet said: "That you should believe in Allāh, His Angels, His. Books, His Messengers, the Last Day, and that you should believe that He determines the measure of good and evil.' The man said: 'That is right.. Now tell me about the due performance of obligations.' The Holy Prophet* said: 'That you should worship Allāh as if you are beholding Him, and if not then remaining conscious that He is watching you.' The man said: 'Now tell me about the Hour of Judgment.' The Holy Prophet said: 'He who is being asked knows no more about it than the one who asks.' The man then said: 'Well, tell me some of the signs of its approach.' The Holy. Prophet" answered: 'The slave-girl would give birth to her master and that barefooted, bare bodied, penurious goat-herders would be seen building sa sa 241

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Sa sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa great mansions.' Then the man departed, and I remained a while. The Holy. Prophet said to me: "Umar, do you know who the questioner was?' I said: 'Allāh and His Messenger know best.' He said: 'It was Gabriel who came in your faith.' to instruct you " " (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Iman, Bāb Jibrilannabiyyu ‘anil Imani wal-Islam; Jami'. Tirmidhi, Kitabul Iman, Bab fi wasaf Jibrilunnabı al-Iman wal-islam; Sahih. Muslim,, Kitabul Iman). Compilation of the Holy Qur'ān sa. God Almighty appointed the Chief of mankind, Pride of the. Prophets, Khatamun Nabiyyin (the Seal of the Prophets), Ḥadrat. Muḥammad Mustafa", as a Prophet at the age of forty, and revealed to him. His Word recorded as the Holy Qur'an. Thus the Holy Qur'an is the record of the verbal revelations in Arabic from God Almighty to the Holy Prophet. Muhammada, over a period of about 23 years (610-632 AD). The word. Qur'an means that which is often read or recited. It contains a complete code of teaching and laws suitable to the needs of every age and provides the means for the spiritual and moral development of all mankind. The. Holy Qur'an also contains numerous prophecies for the future. The Holy. Qur'an calls itself a reminder to the worlds: إنْ هُوَ إِلَّا ذِكْرٌ لِّلْعَلَمِيْنَ ل in huwa illa dhikrullil ‘alamin. It is nothing but a Reminder unto all the worlds. (81:28) sa. The revelation of the Holy Qur'an and its preservation was a very important and delicate responsibility of the Holy Prophet. He had to devote a large part of his time to this. Whenever he received the revelation, 242

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa ra whether at home or in the company of his Companions", he would pass through an extraordinary condition which would cause him to sweat profusely. Immediately after receiving the revelation he would call for one of the scribes and dictate the revelation to him.. Sa. The Divine revelations were committed to memory and also written down by scribes appointed by the Holy Prophet. He himself indicated the arrangement of verses and chapters in the Qur'an, as we find it today. So the entire text of the Holy Qur'an was written on bark, leaves, bones, etc., during the lifetime of the Holy Prophet sa sa. As soon as a revelation was received by the Holy Prophet it was recorded in writing from his dictation. A number of persons are known to have been employed by the Holy Prophet for this purpose. Of these the names of the following fifteen have been mentioned in the traditions. sa (Fath al-Bari, Hafiz Ibni Hajr, Vol. 9, p. 19): 1.. Zaid bin Thabit 2.. Ubayy ibn Ka'b 3. 'Abdullah bin Sa'd bin Abi Sarḥ 4.. Zubair bin al-'Awwām 5.. Khalid bin Sa'īd bin al-‘Ās 6.. Abān bin Sa'id bin al-‘Ās 7.. Hanzalā bin al-Rabi' al-Asadi 8. 9.. Mu'aiqib bin Abi Fatimah 'Abdullah bin Arqam al-Zuhri 10. Shurahbil bin Hasana 11. 'Abdullah bin Rawahah 12.. Abū Bakr 13. 'Umar 14. 'Uthmān 15. 'Ali 243

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa. Whenever the Holy Prophet received a revelation, he would send for one of these persons and dictate to him the text of the revelation he had received. A very distinctive feature of the Holy Qur'an is that it contains a. Divine guarantee for its perpetual preservation. God Almighty says in the. Holy Qur'an: إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ وَ إِنَّا لَهُ لَحَفِظُوْنَ ) innā naḥnu nazzalnadhdhikra wa innā lahū la ḥāfizūn. Verily, We Ourself have sent down this Exhortation, and most surely We will its. Guardian. (15:10). As a result of this guarantee, the text of the Holy Qur'an has remained unchanged for more than fourteen hundred years. sa. The Holy Prophet had two tasks: The first was to convey the message of God Almighty as indicated in the following verse of the Holy. Qur'ān: يَأَيُّهَا الرَّسُوْلُ بَلِّغْ مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَّبِّكَ ، وَ اِنْ لَّمْ تَفْعَلْ فَمَا بَلِّغْتَ رِسَالَتَهُ ya ayyu harrasulu balligh ma unzila ilaika mirrabika wa illam taf*al famā ballaghta risalatah. O Messenger! convey to the people what has been revealed to you from your Lord; and if you do it not, you have not conveyed His Message at all. (5:68) sa. The second task of the Holy Prophet" was to expound on the Holy. Qur'an and give a commentary on it. This is encompassed in the form of 244

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa за sa. Sunnah and Hadith of the Holy Prophet and is well known as such amongst the followers of the Holy Prophet of Islam. This task of the Holy. Prophet has been explained in the following verse of the Holy Qur'an: sa وَ أَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الذِّكْرَ لِتُبَيِّنَ لِلنَّاسِ مَا نُزِّلَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ ) wa anzalna ilaikadhdhikra li-tubayyina linnäsi mā nuzzila ilaihim wa la'allahum yatafakkarūn. And We have sent down to you the reminder that you may explain to mankind that which has been sent down to them, and that they may reflect. (16:45) sa. Thus along with the recitation of the Holy Qur'an, the explanation and commentary of the Holy Qur'an through the sayings and actions of the. Holy Prophet is as essential for Muslims to obey and follow as it is to follow and obey the Holy Qur'an, as stated by God Almighty in the Holy. Qur'ān: وَمَا أُتْكُمُ الرَّسُوْلُ فَخُذُوهُ وَ وَمَا لَهُكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوْاءِ wa ma atakumurrasūlu fa khudhūhu wamā nahākum 'anhu fantahū. And whatsoever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain from that. (59:8) 245

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa 18. The Exalted Status of the Holy Prophetsa. As Stated in the Holy Qur'an. In the Holy Qur'an God Almighty has given the following titles to the Holy Prophet: sa 246 'b'. Tā Hā (20:2) (O Perfect man) يس الْإِنْسَانُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ. Yā Sin (36:2) (O Perfect Leader). Al-Insän (33:73) (The Perfect man) 'Abdullah 72:20: (The Servant of Allah) الْمُؤْمِلُ الْمُدَّثِرُ. Al-Muzzammil (73:2) (O you who has wrapped himself in a robe!). Al-Mudaththir (74:2) (O you that has wrapped yourself with your mantle!). God Almighty says about the Holy Prophet" in a Ḥadith-e-Qudsï. لَوْلَاكَ لَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْأَفْلَاكَ

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa lau laka lamā khalaqtul aflaka (O Muhammad!) Had I not planned to create you, I would not have created the. Universe (Al-Fuwa'idul Majmu'ah, Muḥammad bin 'Ali Ashshaukānī, p. 346). In the Holy Qur'an, God Almighty has mentioned many praiseworthy and exalted attributes of the Holy Prophet". Some of which are as follows: 1.. His coming was as if God Himself came 2. وَمَا رَمَيْتَ إِذْ رَمَيْتَ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ رَمى wama ramita idh ramaita wa lakinnallaha ramā "And you threw not when you did throw, but it was Allāh who threw ..." (8:18). His pure heart is the throne of Allāh فَكَانَ قَابَ قَوْسَيْنِ أَوْ أَدْنى 6 fa kana qaba qausaini au adnā "So that he became, as it were, one chord to two bows or closer still." (53:10) 247

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3.. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Allāh and His angels send blessings on him sa إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَ مَلْئِكَتَهُ يُصَلُّوْنَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ يَأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا صَلُّوا عَلَيْهِ وَسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيْمًا 0 4. innallaha wa mala'ikatahū yuṣalluna ‘alannabiyyi ya ayyuhalladhina āmanu sallu ‘alaihi wa sallimu taslimā. Allāh and His angels send blessings on the Prophet. O ye who believe! you also should invoke blessings on him and salute him with the salutation of peace. (33:57). Allāh has sent down to him the Book (the Holy Qur'ān: 248 وَاَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتب وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَعَلَّمَكَ مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ تَعْلَمُ وَكَانَ فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكَ عَظِيْمًا 0 wa anzalallahu ‘alaikal kitaba wal hikmata wa ‘allamaka mā lam takun ta‘lam wa kana faḍlullahi ‘alaika ‘aṇīmā. Allāh has sent down to you the Book and Wisdom and has taught you what you knew not; and great is Allah's Grace on you. (4:114) وَإِنَّكَ لَتُلَقَّى الْقُرْآنَ مِنْ لَّدُنْ حَكِيْمٍ عَلِيْمٍ 0 wa innaka latulaqqal qur'ana milladun hakimin ‘alim

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5. 6. sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Verily, you have been given the Qur'an from the presence of One Wise,. All-Knowing. (27:7). Allegiance to him was allegiance to Allāh: إِنَّ الَّذِيْنَ يُبَايِعُونَكَ إِنَّمَا يُبَايِعُوْنَ اللَّهَ دَيَدُ اللَّهِ فَوْقَ أَيْدِيهِمْ innalladhina yubayi'unaka innama yubayi'ūnallaha yadullahi fauga aidihim "Verily, those who swear allegiance to you indeed swear allegiance to. Allāh. The hand of Allah is over their hands." (48:11) sa. If you love Allah, follow the Holy Prophets, then will. Allah love you: قُلْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تُحِبُّوْنَ اللهَ فَاتَّبِعُونِي يُحْبِبْكُمُ اللَّهُ وَيَغْفِرْلَكُمْ ذُنُوْيَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيْمٌ ٥ قُلْ أَطِيْعُوا اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُوْلَ ، فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْكَافِرِيْنَ 0 0 qul in kuntum tuḥibbūnallaha fattabi'uni yuḥbibkumullahu wa yaghfirlakum dhunūbakum wallahu ghafururraḥim qul ați‘ulſaha warrasūla fa in tawallau fa innallaha la yuḥibbul kafirin. Say, 'If you love Allāh, follow me: then will Allāh love you and forgive you your faults. And Allāh is most Forgiving and Merciful.' Say, 'Obey 249

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Allāh and the Messenger:' but if they turn away, then remember that Allāh loves not the disbelievers. (3:32-33). In the Holy Qur'ān, the commandment to follow the Holy sa. Prophet: اَطِيْعُوا اللَّهَ وَ أَطِيْعُوا الرَّسُوْلَ aţi‘ullaha wa aţi‘urrasūl is mentioned several times. 7. Obedience to him was obedience to Allāh 8. 250 مَنْ يُطِعِ الرَّسُوْلَ فَقَدْ اَطَاعَ اللَّهَ وَمَنْ تَوَلَّى فَمَا اَرْسَلْتُكَ ، عَلَيْهِمْ حَفِيْظًا ل wa mañyyuț irrasula faqad afa'allaha wa man tawalla fama arsalnāka 'alaihim hafiza "Whoso obeys the Messenger obeys Allāh indeed; and whoso turns away, then We have not sent you as a keeper over them." (4:81). Allāh is sufficient for him and his followers: يَأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ حَسْبُكَ اللهُ وَمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ

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9. sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa ya ayyuhannabiyyu hasbukallahu wama nittaba'aka minal mu'minina. O Prophet, Allāh is sufficient for you and for those who follow you of the believers. (8:65). His prayers are a source of tranquility وَصَلِّ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ صَلونَكَ سَكَنَّ لهُمْ wa salli 'alaihim inna salataka sakanullahum. And pray for them; your prayer is indeed a source of tranquility for them. (9:103) 10.. Respond to Allāh and the Holy Prophets that he may give you life يَأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اسْتَجِيبُوا لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُوْلِ إِذَا دَعَاكُمْ لِمَا يُحْيِيْكُمْ ya ayyu halladhina āmanustajibu lillahi wa lirrasūli idhā da'akum lima yuhyikum. O ye who believe! respond to Allāh, and the Messenger when he calls. you that he may give you life. (8:25) 251

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11. sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Allah gives a double share of His Mercy upon believing in Him and His Messenger يَأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللهَ وَامِلُوا بِرَسُوْلِهِ يُؤْتِكُمْ كِفْلَيْنِ مِنْ رَّحْمَتِهِ وَيَجْعَلْ لَّكُمْ نُورًا تَمْشُونَ به وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ، وَاللهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيْم ya ayyuhalladhina amanttaqullaha wa aminū birasūlihī yu'tikum kiflaini mirrahmatihi wa yaj‘allakum nūran tamshūna bihi wa yaghfirlakum wallahu ghafūrurrahim. O ye who believe! fear Allāh and believe in His Messenger; He will give you a double share of His mercy, and will provide for you a light wherein you will walk, and will grant you forgiveness - and verily Allāh is Most. Forgiving, Merciful. (57:29) 12.. He was fully a perfect light 252 يَأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بُرْهَانٌ مِنْ رَّبِّكُمْ وَأَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكُمْ لُوْرًا مُّبِيْنًا 0 ya ayyu-hannāsu qad ja'akum burhanummirrabbikum wa anzalna ilaikum nūrammubīnā "O ye people, a manifest proof has indeed come to you from your Lord, and We have sent down to you a clear light." (4:175)

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa 13.. He was the manifestation of the Light of Allāh 14. الله نُوْرُ السَّمَوتِ وَالْأَرْضِ مَثَلُ نُورِهِ كَمِشْكُوةٍ فِيْهَا مِصْبَاحٌ الْمِصْبَاحُ فِي زُجَاجَةٍ الزُّجَاجَةُ كَأَنَّهَا كَوْكَبٌ دُرِّيٌّ يُوْقَدُ مِنْ شَجَرَةٍ مُّبَرَكَةٍ زَيْتُوْنَةٍ لَّا شَرْقِيَّةٍ وَلَا غَرْبِيَّةٍ ا يُكَادُ زَيْتُهَا يُضِيءُ وَلَوْلَمْ تَمْسَسْهُ نَارٌ نُوْرٌ عَلَى نُورٍ يَهْدِى اللَّهُ لِنُوْرِهِ مَنْ يُشَاءُ allahu nūrussamawati wal-arḍ mathalu nūrihi kamishkātin fiha misbāḥun al-misbahu fi zujajatin azzujājatu ka annahā kaukabun durriñуyuñуüqadu min shajaratimmubārakatin zaitunatilla sharqiyya tiñwwa la gharbiyyatiñyyakādu zaituha yuḍi'u walau lam tamsashu nārun nūrun ‘ala nūr yahdillahu li nūrihî mñyyashā'. Allāh is the Light of the heavens and the earth. The similitude of His light is as a lustrous niche, wherein is a lamp. The lamp is in a glass. The glass is as it were a glittering star. It is lit from a blessed tree--an olive--neither of the east nor of the west, whose oil would well-nigh glow forth even though fire touched it not. Light upon light! Allāh guides to His Light whomsoever He wills (24:36). He was the bright sun لا يَأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَكَ شَاهِدًا وَمُبَشِّرًا وَنَذِيرًا وَّدَاعِيًا إِلَى اللهِ بِإِذْنِهِ وَسِرَاجًا مُنِيرًا ) 0 253

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15. 16. 254 sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa ya ayyu hannabiyyu inna arsalnāka shahidañwwa mubashshirañwwa nadhirañwwa da'iyan ilallahi bi idhnihi wa sirājammunīrā. O Prophet, truly We have sent you as a Witness, and a Bearer of glad tidings, and a Warner. And as a Summoner to Allāh by His command, and as a radiant Lamp. (33:46-47). He unfolds what is hidden of the book يَاهْلَ الْكِتُبِ قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُوْلُنَا يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ كَثِيْرًا مِّمَّا كُنْتُمْ تُخْفُوْنَ مِنَ الْكِتُبِ وَ يَعْفُوْا عَنْ كَثِيْرٍ ، قَدْ جَاءَكُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ نُورُو كِتُبُ مُّبِينٌ لا ya ahlalkitabi qad ja'akum rasūlunā yubayyinu lakum kathirammimmā kuntum tukhfūna minalkitabi wa ya‘fu ‘an kathir qad ja'akumminallahi nūruñwwa kitabummubin. O People of the Book! there has come to you Our Messenger who unfolds to you much of what you had kept hidden of the Book and passes over much. There has come to you indeed from Allāh a Light and a clear. Book. (5:16). He had an exalted status وَمِنَ الَّيْلِ فَتَهَجَّدْ بِهِ نَافِلَةً لَّكَ - عَسَى أَنْ يَبْعَثَكَ رَبُّكَ مَقَامًا مَّحْمُوْدًا 0 ملے

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa 17. waminallaili fata-hajjad bihi nafilatallaka añyyabʻathaka rabbuka maqāmammaḥmūda 'asa "And wake up for it (the Qur'ān) in the latter part of the night as a supererogatory service for you. It may be that your Lord will raise you to an exalted station." (17:80). He was Khatamun Nabiyyin (Seal of the Prophets) مَا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا أَحَدٍ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ وَلكِنْ رَّسُوْلَ اللهِ وَخَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّنَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيْمًا 0 mā kāna Muhammadun abā aḥadimmirrijalikum fakirrasūlallahi wa khātamannabiyyin wa kanallahu bi kulli shai'in ‘alımā "Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but he is the. Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets; and Allāh has full knowledge of all things." (33:41) sa. The Holy Prophet” once said: كُنتُ مَكْتُوْيًا عِنْدَ اللهِ حَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّيْنَ وَأَنَّ أَدَمَ لَمُعْجَدِلُ فِي طِيْنِهِ kuntu maktuban 'indallahi khatamannabiyyina wa anna ādama lamunjadilun fi finihi (In the sight of Allāh, I was Khatamun-Nabiyyin since the time Adam 255

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa was in the early stages of creation from clay and water." (Musnad Ahmad, p 127/4, Kanzul Ummal, p. 112/6; Al-Khasa 'sa al-Kubra, Vol. 1, p.4) ra. Haḍrat Zuhrī relates that he heard Jubair bin Muț‘im" say what he sa had heard from his father that the Holy Prophet said: "I am. Muhammad and Ahmad; I am an obliterator. I will obliterate infidelity. I am a resurrector. People will be resurrected after me, and I am the last one to come. Therefore, no (independent and. Law bearing) Prophet will come after me.". Sa (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Fadai'l, Bab fi asmai' salallahu alaihi wasallam ) 18.. He was a means to achieve nearness to Allāh يَأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَابْتَغُوا إِلَيْهِ الْوَسِيْلَةَ وَجَاهِدُوا فِي سَبِيْلِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُوْنَ ) 19. ya ayyuhalladhina amanuttaqullaha wabtaghū ilaihil wasilata wa jahidū fi sabīlihi la‘allakum tufliḥūn "O ye who believe! fear Allāh and seek the way of approach unto Him and strive in His way that you may prosper." (5:36). He will be a witness on the Day of Judgement 256 فَكَيْفَ إِذَا جِئْنَا مِنْ كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ بِشَهِيْدٍ وَ جِئْنَا بِكَ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ

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Sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa شَهِيدًا 0 يَوْمَبِذٍ يُوَدُّ الَّذِيْنَ كَفَرُوْا وَعَصَوُا الرَّسُوْلَ لَوْ تُسَوَّى بهِمُ الْأَرْضِ وَلَا يَكْتُمُوْنَ اللَّهَ حَدِيثًا 0 fa kaifa idhā ji'nā min kulli ummatim bishahīdiñwwa ji'nā bika ‘ala ha-'uſa'i shahīda yauma'idhiñyya waddulladhīna kafarū wa ‘aṣawurrasūla lau tusawwa bihimul arḍu wała yaktumūnallaha hadithā. And how will it fare with them when We shall bring a witness from every people, and shall bring you as a witness against these! On that day those who disbelieved and disobeyed the Messenger will wish that the earth were made level with them, and they shall not be able to conceal anything from Allāh. (4:42-43) 20.. He was the chief of all the Prophets and mercy for mankind وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَكَ إِلَّا رَحْمَةً لِّلْعَلَمِيْنَ ) wa ma arsalnāka ilſa rahmatallil ‘alamīn "And We have sent you not but as a mercy for all peoples." (21:108) 21.. He was a warner to all the worlds تبْرَكَ الَّذِي نَزَّلَ الْفُرْقَانَ عَلَى عَبْدِهِ لِيَكُوْنَ لِلْعَلَمِيْنَ نَذِيرًا ل 257

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22. 23. 258 sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa tabārakalladhī nazzalal furqāna ‘ala ‘abdihi liyakūna lil ‘alamīna nadhīrā. Blessed is He Who has sent down the Discrimination (distinction between truth and falsehood) to His servant, that he may be a Warner to all the wolds. (25:2). His heart was right regarding what he saw فَأَوْحَى إِلى عَبْدِهِ مَا أَوْحَى مَا كَذَبَ الْفُؤَادُ مَا رَأى 0 fa auḥā ila ‘abdihī mā auḥā mā kadhabal fu'adu mā ra-ā "Then He revealed to His servant that which He revealed. The heart of the Prophet lied not regarding what he saw." (53:11-12). Those who follow the Prophet, shall prosper الَّذِيْنَ يَتَّبِعُوْنَ الرَّسُوْلَ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِنْدَهُم فِى التَّوْرَيةِ وَالْإِنْجِيْلِ : يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوْفِ وَيَنْهُهُم عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبِّيْكَ وَيَضَعُ عَنْهُمْ اِصْرَهُمْ وَالْأغْلُلَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ ، فَالَّذِيْنَ امَنُوْا بِهِ وَعَزَّرُوهُ وَنَصَرُوهُ وَاتَّبَعُوا النُّوْرَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ مَعَه * أُولئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ ل

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa alladhina yattabi'ūnarrasulannabiyyal ummiyyalladhi yajidūnahū maktuban 'indahum fittaurati wal injili ya'muruhum bil ma'rufi wa yanhāhum ‘anil munkari wa yuḥillu lahumuttayyibati wa yuharrimu 'alaihimul khabā'itha wa yaḍaʻu ‘anhum iṣrahum wal aghlalallatı kānat ‘alaihim falladhīna āmanū bihi wa ‘azzarūhu wa nasarūhu wattabaʻunnuralladhi unzila ma‘ahū uſa'ika humul mufliḥūn. Those who follow the Messenger, the Prophet, the unlettered one, whom they find mentioned in the Torah and the Gospel which are with them. He enjoins on them good and forbids them evil, and makes lawful for them the good things and forbids them the bad, and removes from them their burden and the shackles that were upon them. So those who shall believe in him, and honor and support him, and help him, and follow the light that has been sent down with him - these shall prosper. (7:158) 24.. He possessed high moral excellences وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلى خُلُقٍ عَظِيْمٍ 0 wa innaka la'ala khuluqin ‘azım "And you do surely possess high moral excellences." (68:5) 25.. He was kind-hearted and gentle in his conduct فَبِمَا رَحْمَةٍ مِّنَ اللَّهِ لِنْتَ لَهُمْ، وَلَوْ كُنْتَ فَظًّا غَلِيْظَ الْقَلْبِ لا انْفَضُّوا مِنْ حَوْلِكَ . ص 259

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26. 27.. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa . fabimā rahmatimminallahi linta lahum walau kunta fazzan ghalıṇal qalbi lanfaḍdū min haulika "And it is by the great mercy of Allāh that you are kind towards them, and if you had been rough and hard-hearted, they would surely have dispersed from around you." (3:160). He occupied a position of manifest knowledge قُلْ هُذِهِ سَبِيْلِي أَدْعُوا إِلَى اللهِ عَلى بَصِيرَةٍ أَنَا وَمَنِ اتَّبَعَنِي qul hadhihi sabili adʻu ilallah ‘ala baṣiratin ana wa manittaba‘ani. Say, "This is my way: I call unto Allāh. I occupy a position of manifest knowledge, and also those who follow me. (12:109). He was compassionate and merciful لَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُوْلٌ مِّنْ اَنْفُسِكُمْ عَزِيزٌ عَلَيْهِ مَا عَنِتُمْ حَرِيْصٌ عَلَيْكُمْ بِالْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ رَءُوْفٌ رَّحِيْم 0 laqad ja'akum rasūlummin anfusikum ‘azizun 'alaihi mā ‘anittum ḥarişun ‘alaikum bil mu'minīna ra'ūfurraḥīm 260 "Surely, a Messenger has come unto you from among yourselves; grievous to him is that you should fall into trouble; he is ardently desirous of your welfare, and to the believers he is compassionate, merciful." (9:128)

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa 28.. His heart was full of kindness for the humanity فَلَعَلَّكَ بَاخِعٌ نَفْسَكَ عَلَى أَثَارِهِمْ إِنْ لَّمْ يُؤْمِنُوْا بِهَذَا الْحَدِيْثِ أَسَفًا ) 29. fala‘allaka bākhi‘unnafsaka ‘ala āthārihim illam yu'minū bihādhal hadithi asafa "So haply thou will grieve yourself to death for sorrow after them if they believe not in this discourse. (18:7). He sought Allāh's forgiveness even for the hypocrites 30. سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَسْتَغْفَرْتَ لَهُمْ أَمْ لَمْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ لَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْفَسِقِيْنَ ) ط sawa'un 'alaihim astaghfarta lahum am lam tastaghfir lahum lañyyaghfirallahu lahum innallaha la yahdil qaumal fasiqin. It is equal to them whether you ask forgiveness for them or ask not forgiveness for them, Allāh will never forgive them. Surely Allāh guides not the rebellious people. (63:7). Each moment of his life was better than what preceded وَلّلاخِرَةُ خَيْرُكَ مِنَ الأولى ٥ 261

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa walal-akhiratu khairullaka minal ūla. Surely every hour that follows is better for you than the one that precedes." (93:5) 31.. He was abundantly bestowed with knowledge of the unseen 32. 262 ذلِكَ مِنْ أَلْبَاءِ الْغَيْبِ نُوْحِيْهِ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا كُنْتَ لَدَيْهِمْ إِذْ أَجْمَعُوْا أَمْرَهُمْ وَهُمْ يَمْكُرُونَ ) dhālika min ambā'il ghaibi nūḥīhi ilaika wamā kunta ladaihim idh ajma'u amrahum wa hum yamkurūn. That is of the tidings of the unseen, which We reveal to you. And you were not with them when they agreed upon their plan while they were plotting. (12:103). He never spoke out of his own desires وَمَا يَنْطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَى لا إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا وَحْيٌ يُوحى 8 wamā yantiqu 'anilhawa in huwa illa waḥyuñyyūḥā "Nor does he speak out of his own desire. It is nothing but pure revelation that has been revealed by God." (53:4-5)

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33.. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa. He was a perfect and an exemplary servant of Allāh و أَنَّهُ لَمَّا قَامَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَدْعُوْهُ كَادُوا يَكُوْنُوْنَ عَلَيْهِ لِبَدًا 0 wa annahū lammā qāma ‘abdullahi yad'ūhu kādū yakūnūna ‘alaihi libada "And when the Servant of Allāh stands up praying to Him, they crowd upon him, well nigh suffocating him. (72:20). 'abdan idhā salla. A servant of Ours when he prays?" (96:11) 34. He was a true servant of Allāh عَبْدًا إِذَا صَلَّى لا قُلْ إِنَّ صَلاتِي وَنُسُكِي وَمَحْيَايَ وَمَمَاتِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَلَمِيْنَ ) qul inna salafi wa nusuki wa mahyāya wa mamāti lillahi rabbil ‘alamin. Say, 'My Prayer and my sacrifice and my life and my death are all for. Allāh, the Lord of the worlds.' (6:163) 35.. He was a Messenger to all mankind قُلْ يَايُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيْعًا الَّذِي لَهُ 263

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36. sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa مُلْكُ السَّمَوتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ يُحْيِ وَيُمِيْتُ فَأَمِنُوْا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُوْلِهِ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ الَّذِي يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَكَلِمَتِهِ وَاتَّبِعُوْهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ ) ص qul ya ayyu hannāsu innī rasūlullahi ilaikum jami‘a nilladhi lahū mulkussamāwāti walard, la ilaha illa huwa yuḥyi wa yumitu fa aminu billahi wa rasülihinnabiyyil ummiyyilladhi yu'minu billahi wa kalimatihi wattabi'uhu laʻallakum tahtadūn. Say, 'O mankind! truly I am a Messenger to you all from Allāh to Whom belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth. There is no God but. He. He gives life, and He causes death. So believe in Allāh and His. Messenger, the Prophet, the Immaculate one, who believes in Allāh and. His words; and follow him that you may be rightly guided.' (7:159). He was a means to achieve Allāh's Mercy وَ أَطِيْعُوا الرَّسُوْلَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُوْنَ ) wa aţi‘urrasūla la‘allakum turḥamūn. And obey the Messenger, that you may be shown mercy. (24:57) 37.. He was a means to attain success 264 وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُوْلَهُ فَقَدْ فَازَ فَوْزًا عَظِيْمًا 0

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa wa mañyyuți‘illaha wa rasūlahū faqad faza fauzan ‘azīmā. And whoso obeys Allah and HIs Messenger, shall surely attain a mighty success. (33:72) 38.. He was a means to obtain great Blessings of Allāh 39. وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُوْلَ فَأُولَبِكَ مَعَ الَّذِيْنَ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِّنَ النَّبِيِّنَ وَالصِّدِّيقِيْنَ وَالشُّهَدَاءِ وَالصَّلِحِيْنَ وَحَسُنَ أُولَبِكَ رَفِيْقًا ل wa mañyyuti ‘illaha warrasula fa ‘ula'ika ma‘alladhīna an‘amallahu 'alaihimmi nannabiyyina wassiddiqina washshuhada'i wassāliḥina wa hasuna ‘ula'ika rafiqā. And whoso obeys Allāh and this Messenger of His shall be among those on whom Allāh has bestowed His blessings, namely, the Prophets, the. Truthful, the Martyrs, and the Righteous. And excellent companions are these. (4:70). He was a bearer of glad tidings and a warner وَمَا اَرْسَلْنَكَ إِلا كَافَّةً لِلنَّاسِ بَشِيْرًا وَنَذِيرًا wa ma arsalnāka illa kä‘ffa tallinnasi bashīrañwwa nadhīrā. And We have not sent you but as a bearer of glad tidings and a Warner, for all mankind (34:29) 265

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa 40.. He was a plain warner:. Sa قُلْ يَأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّمَا أَنَالَكُمْ نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ 0 qul ya ayyuhannāsu innamā anā lakum naḍīrummubin. Say, 'O mankind, I am but a plain Warner to you. (22:50) قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَنَا مُنْذِرُ، وَ مَا مِنْ الهِ إِلَّا اللهُ الْوَاحِدُ الْقَهَّارُ 41. qul innamā anā mundhiruñwwa mã min ilahin illallahul wāhidul qahhār. Say, 'I am only a Warner; and there is no God but Allah, the One, the. Most Supreme. (38:66). He was a Messenger of Allāh with guidance and the religion of truth 266 هُوَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ رَسُوْلَهُ بِالْهُدَى وَدِيْنِ الْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّيْنِ كُلِّهِ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْمُشْرِكُوْنَ ) huwalladhi arsala rasūlahū bil huda wa dinil haqqi liyuzhirahu 'aladdini kulli hi wa lau karihal mushrikūn. He it is Who sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth, that He may make it prevail over every other religion, even though the idolaters may dislike it. (9:33)

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa هُوَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ رَسُوْلَهُ بِالْهُدَى وَدِيْنِ الْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّيْنِ كُلِّهِ وَ كَفَى بِاللَّهِ شَهِيدًا هُ huwalladhi arsala rasulahū bil huda wa dinil haqqi liyuzhirahu 'aladdini kulli hi wa kafa billahi shahida. He it is Who has sent His Messenger, with guidance and the Religion of truth, that He may make it prevail over all other religions. And sufficient is Allah as a Witness. (48:29) 42.. He bore the Trust which the heavens, the earth and the mountains refused to bear 43. إِنَّا عَرَضْنَا الْأَمَانَةَ عَلَى السَّمَوتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَالْجِبَالِ فَأَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَحْمِلْنَهَا وَأَشْفَقْنَ مِنْهَا وَحَمَلَهَا الإِنْسَانُ innā ‘araḍnal amānata ‘alassamāwāti wal arḍi wal jibāli fa abaina añyyaḥmilnahā wa ashfaqna minha wa ḥamalahal insanu. Verily, We offered the Trust to the heavens and the earth and the mountains, but they refused to bear it and were afraid of it. But man bore it. (33:73). He invited humanity to the right path وَإِنَّكَ لَتَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ 0 267

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44.. Sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa wa innaka la tad'u hum ila siratimmustaqim. And most surely you invite them to a straight path. (23:74). The religion of Islam and the revelation of the Holy. Qur'an was completed through him before his demise الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِيْنَكُمْ وَ اَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَ رَضِيْتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِيْنَاء 45. al-yauma akmaltu lakum dinakum wa atmamtu ‘alaikum ni'mati wa raditu lakumul islama dinā. This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favor upon you and have chosen for you Islām as religion. (5:4). He was a Messenger who recited the clear Signs of. Allāh قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكُمْ ذِكْرًا رَّسُوْلاً يَتْلُوْا عَلَيْكُمْ أَيْتِ اللَّهِ مُبَيِّنَتٍ لِيُخْرِجَ الَّذِيْنَ امَنُوْا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّلِحَتِ مِنَ الظُّلُمَتِ إلَى النُّوْر 268 qad anzalallahu ilaikum dhikrar rasūlañyyatlū ‘alaikum ayatillahi mubayyinātilli yukhrijalladhina āmanū wa 'amilussāliḥāti minazzulumāti ilannūr

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Allāh has indeed sent down to you a Reminder -- A Messenger, who recites unto you the clear Signs of Allah, that he may bring those who believe and do good deeds out of every kind of darkness into light. (65:11-12) 46.. He was a Messenger who purified and taught the Book of Wisdom لَقَدْ مَنَّ الله عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ إِذْ بَعَثَ فِيْهِمْ رَسُوْلًا مِّنْ اَنْفُسِهِمْ يَتْلُوْا عَلَيْهِمْ أَيْتِهِ وَيُزَكِّيْهِم وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتُبَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ laqad mannallahu 'alal mu'minina idh baʻatha fihim rasulammin anfusihim yatlu 'alaihim āyatihi wa yuzakkihim wa yu'allimuhumul kitaba wal hikmata. Verily, Allāh has conferred a favor on the believers by raising among them a Messenger from among themselves, who recites to them His. Signs, and purifies them and teaches them the Book and Wisdom. (3:165) 47.. He was a moral guide for the followers وَمَا أتكم الرَّسُوْلُ فَخُذُوهُ ، وَمَا نَهْكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُواء ق mā atakumurrasulu fa khudhūhu wamā nahākum 'anhu fantahū. And whatsoever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain from that. (59:8) 269

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa 48.. He was commanded to convey Allah's Message 49. 50 270 يَأَيُّهَا الرَّسُوْلُ بَلِّغْ مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَّبِّكَ ، وَ اِنْ لَّمْ تَفْعَلْ فَمَا بَلَّغْتَ رِسَالَتَه ya ayyu harrasūlu balligh mã unzila ilaika mirrabik wa illam taf al famā ballaghta risalatah. O Messenger! convey to the people what has been revealed to you from your Lord; and if you do it not, you have not conveyed His Message at all. (5:68). He was a human being قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ يُوحَى إِلَيَّ أَنَّمَا الْهُكُمْ إِلهُ وَاحِدٌ qul innamā anā basharummithlukum yūḥā ilayya annamā iſahukum iſahuñwwāḥid. Say, 'I am only a man like yourselves; but I have received the revelation that your God is only One God.' (18:111) sa. The name of the Holy Prophet is mentioned in the. Holy Qur'an sa. In the Holy Qur'an the name of the Holy Prophet's" is mentioned in the following four places:

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُوْلُ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ ma Muḥammadun illa rasulun qad khalat min qablihirrusul. And Muḥammad is only a Messenger. Verily, all Messengers have passed away before him. (3:145) مَا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا أَحَدٍ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ وَلَكِنْ رَّسُوْلَ اللهِ وَخَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّنَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيْمًا لَّ mā kāna Muḥammadun aba ahadimmirrijalikum wa. Iakirrasūlallahi wa khatamannabiyyin wa kanallahu bi kulli shai'in ‘alimā. Muḥammad is not the father of any of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets; and Allāh has full knowledge of all things. (33:41) وَ الَّذِيْنَ آمَنُوْا وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّلِحْتِ وَأَمَنُوْا بِمَا نُزِّلَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وهُوَ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَّبِّهِما كَفَّرَ عَنْهُمْ سَيَأْتِهِمْ وَأَصْلَحَ بَالَهُمْ 0 walladhīna amanu wa ‘amilussalihati wa amanū bimā nuzzila ‘ala Muḥammadiñwwa huwal haqqu mirrabbihim kaffara ‘anhum sayyi atihim wa aṣlaḥa bālahum. But as for those who believe and do good works and believe in that which has been revealed to Muhammad - and it is the truth from their 271

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51. 272. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. Lord He will remove from them their evils and will reform their conduct. (47:3) مُحَمَّدٌ رَّسُوْلُ اللهِ ، وَ الَّذِيْنَ مَعَةٌ أَشِدَّاءُ عَلَى الْكُفَّارِ رُحَمَاءُ بَيْنَهُم تَريهُمْ رُكَّعًا سُجَّدًا يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلاً مِّنَ اللهِ وَرِضْوَانًا ،. Muhammadur rasulullahi walladhina ma'ahu ashidda'u 'alal kuffari ruhama'u bainahum tarāhum rukka‘an sujjadañyyab taghūna fadlamminallahi wa ridwanā. Muḥammad is the Messenger of Allāh. And those who are with him are firm against the non-believers, tender among themselves. You see them bowing and prostrating themselves in Prayer, seeking grace from Allāh and His pleasure. (48:30). God Almighty exalted his name ŏ أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدْرَكَ وَوَضَعْنَا عَنْكَ وِزْرَكَ هُ الَّذِي أَنْقَضَ ظَهْرَكَ لا وَ رَفَعْنَا لَكَ ذِكْرَكَ هُ alam nashrah laka sadrak, wa wada'nā ‘anka wizrakalladı anqaḍa zahrak, wa rafa‘na laka dhikrak. Have We not opened for you your bosom. And removed from you your burden. Which had well nigh broken your back. And We exalted your name? (94:2-5)

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52.. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. He was a testifier to the truth of all the Messengers بَلْ جَاءَ بِالْحَقِّ وَ صَدَّقَ الْمُرْسَلِيْنَ ) bal ja'a bil ḥaqqi wa şaddqal mursalın. Nay, he has brought the truth and has testified to the truth of all the. Messengers. (37:38) 53.. Those who annoy Allāh and His Messenger are cursed اِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ اللهَ وَرَسُوْلَهُ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمْ عَذَابًا مُّهِيْنَا 0 innalladhina yu'dhūnallaha wa rasūlahū la‘anahumullahu fiddunya wal akhirati wa a-‘adda lahum ‘adhaban muhīnā. Verily, those who annoy Allāh and His Messenger - Allāh has cursed them in this world and in the Hereafter, and has prepared for them an abasing punishment. (33:58) sa. The aforementioned traits of the Holy Prophet in the Holy Qur'an are a few of the many excellences he possessed. 273

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. The Holy Prophetsa States About His. High Status ra sa. Hadrat Abu Hurairah relates that the Holy Prophet" said: "God. Almighty has disclosed to me such beautiful words of His glorification and gratitude, which were not disclosed to anyone else before me." as (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabut Tafsir Surah Bani Isra'ıl, Bāb qaulihi dhurriyyata man ḥamalna ma‘a nūhin) ra as as sa. Hadrat Anas relates that the Holy Prophet said: "Hadrat Moses was once travelling, when God, the Omnipotent called to him, 'O Moses!'. Moses looked around but did not see anyone. Again the voice came, 'O. Moses son of 'Imran!' Again, Moses looked around but did not see anyone. At this, Moses" became frightened and his shoulders started to shiver. A third time the voice came: 'O Moses! I am God. There is none worthy of worship except Me.' Hearing this, Moses fell into prostration while proclaiming, 'Labbaik, Labbaik.' God Almighty said: 'O Moses!. Raise up your head.' When Ḥadrat Moses raised his head from prostration,. God said: 'O Moses! I want you to rest under the shade of My Throne, on the day when there will be no other shade besides the shade of My Throne.. Therefore, take care of orphans like a kind father, and of widows, like a loving husband. O Moses! Have Mercy, so that you are treated compassionately. O Moses! What you sow, so will you reap. O Moses!. Convey to Bani Isrā'il that whoever returns to Me while he has refused to accept Hadrat Ahmad, I will throw him into Hell, whether he is My Khalil, as as. Ibrāhīm, or My Kalīm, Mūsā.' Moses asked, 'Who is this Ahmad?' God. Almighty said: 'O Moses! By My Honor and Grandeur! No one is more beloved to Me among my creation than him. I have written his name along with My name in the empyrean. I had written his name with My name two million years before creating the Heaven, the Earth, the Sun, and the. Moon. By My Honor and Grandeur! No one will be given permission to enter Heaven before Muhammad and his followers.' Hadrat Moses" said, 274 as as

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa as. Sa 'What kind of people will be the followers of this Prophet?' God Almighty said, 'They will be the ones who praise God Almighty. They will praise. God Almighty while ascending to and descending from the heights. They will always be ready to serve the religion. Their flanks will be holy. During the day, they will keep fast while they will pass their nights as monks. I will accept even a few deeds from them.' Hadrat Moses" said, 'Make me the Prophet of this Ummah (following).' God Almighty said: 'The Prophet of this Ummah will be one of them.' Then Moses said, 'Then make me a member of this Ummah.' God Almighty said: 'Your period will be earlier as that Prophet will come later on. Therefore, you can not become a disciple of this Prophet. However, in the next life, I will grant you the company of this Prophet in Heaven.'" as (Al-Khasa'isal Kubra lil-Sayū, p 12/1 as quoted in Hayatal auliya' li Abi. Na'imul Mawahib al-Ladunniyya, p 425 almahdata ila man yazıdal ‘ilm ‘ala aḥadīthal Mishkat, p 327, Maulvi Sayyed Nurul Hasan Khan ibn Nawab Siddıq. Hasan Khan - Nasharattayyab fi dhikrinnabiyyal habīb", p 262, written by. Maulvi Ashraf ‘Alı Ṣaḥib Thanvi) sa as (It is related that the Holy Prophet" said), "Had Moses" and Jesus' been alive, they would have no alternative other than to accept and obey me." as (Al-yawaqit wal-Jawahar compiled by Imam Shi'rani, p 20/2, Tafsir. Ibni Kathir Footnote on tafsir Fatahul Biyan, p 246/2) га sa. Hadrat Abu Hurairah relates that the Holy Prophet" said: "The similitude between me and the previous Prophets can be illustrated as a palace built beautifully. A space for one final stone is left in it. People walk around to see the palace and appreciate its beauty. However, they wonder why space for one stone has been left? It is I who have filled the empty space of the missing stone. Through me, the building has become unique in its construction and beauty. Thus, have I been commissioned as the Seal of the Prophets." 275

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa. According to another narration the Holy Prophet said, "I am that stone and I am the Seal of the Prophets." sa (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabal Manaqib, Bab khatamannibiyyin; Sahih. Muslim, p. 228/2; Jami' Tirmidhī, p. 544/2; Mishkāt, p. 511) ra. Sa. Hadrat Jabir bin 'Abdullāh relates that the Holy Prophet said: "I have been bestowed five things which have never been given to any. Prophet before me. I have been helped with the awe of one month's travel.. The whole earth has been purified for me and has been declared a mosque.. Wherever any one of my followers notices that it is Prayer time, he can offer Prayer at that place. I have been bestowed the honor of intercession, which has not been given to previous Prophets. I have been sent as a. Messenger to all the people, whereas before me, Messengers were sent to particular nations." га (Nasa'1, Kitabatṭaharat,Bab tayammum bisṣa‘id) sa. Hadrat Abu Hurairah relates that the Holy Prophet" said: "I have been given superiority over other Prophets in six matters. I have been bestowed a comprehensive message. I have been given veneration. Spoils of war have been made lawful for me. The whole earth has been purified as a mosque or place of worship, for me. I have been sent as a Messenger for the entire creation, and I have been made the Seal of the Prophets." (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Masajid, Bab al-Masajid wa mawadi‘assalati) га. Imām Baihaqi narrates from 'Abdullah bin Salam" that the most honored (mu'azzaz) in the whole of creation is Hadrat Abul Qāsim. (Khasa'is al-Kubrä, Vol. 2, p.198) 276

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Two Phases of the Life of the Holy Prophetsa as. The Promised Messiah states: sa. God Almighty divided the life of the Holy Prophet", into two phases, one phase of hardship and calamities and suffering, and the other of victory; so that during the phase of suffering those high moral qualities might be demonstrated which come into play at such times, and during the phase of victory and authority those high moral qualities might be illustrated which cannot be displayed in the absence of authority. Thus both these types of qualities were perfectly illustrated in the life of the. Holy Prophet", by his passing through both these phases and conditions.. During the period of trials in Mecca, which extended over thirteen years, the Holy Prophet, demonstrated in practice all the high qualities which a perfectly righteous person should exhibit at such a time, such as trust in. God, perfect serenity under suffering, steady and eager carrying out of duties and fearless courage. Observing his steadfastness many of the disbelievers believed in him and thus testified that it is only the one who has complete trust in God who can display such steadfastness and endurance of suffering. sa. During the second phase, that is to say the phase of victory, authority and prosperity, he demonstrated such high qualities as forbearance, forgiveness, benevolence and courage, so that a large number of the disbelievers believed in him by witnessing his display of those high qualities. He forgave those who had persecuted him, granted security to those who had expelled him from Mecca, bestowed great wealth upon those among them who were in need and having obtained authority over his bitter enemies, forgave them all. Witnessing his high morals many of them testified that such qualities could only be demonstrated by one who comes from God and is truly righteous. That is how all the rancor that his enemies had entertained against him over a long period was washed out of their hearts in an instant. His greatest quality was the one that is set out in the Holy Qur'an in the following words: 277

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa قُلْ إِنَّ صَلاتِي وَنُسُكِي وَمَحْيَايَ وَمَمَاتِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَلَمِيْنَ ) qul inna ṣalati wa nusuki wa maḥyāya wa mamātı lillahi rabbil 'alamin. Say, 'My Prayer and my sacrifice and my life and my death are all for Allāh, the. Lord of the worlds.' (6:163). This means that the whole purpose of his life was to demonstrate the glory of God and to provide comfort for His creatures so that through his constant suffering of death they might procure life. No one should be misled by the mention of his death in the cause of God and for the good of. His creatures, into thinking that he had at any time (God forbid) contemplated destroying himself, imagining like the ignorant and the insane, that his suicide would be of benefit to others. He was entirely free from any such stupid line of thinking and was wholly opposed to it. The. Holy Qur'an considers anyone who is guilty of self destruction as a great offender, liable to severe chastisement, as it says: وَلَا تُلْقُوْا بِأَيْدِيكُم إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ sa wa la tulqu bi aidikum ilattahlukah. And cast not yourselves into ruin with your own hands. (2:196). The true meaning of the verse cited above is, that the Holy. Prophet, out of true sympathy, had devoted his life to labor for the welfare of mankind and through supplications and exhortations and enduring their persecution and by every proper and wise means had laid down his life and sacrificed his comfort in this cause; as God the Glorious has said: 278 لَعَلَّكَ بَاخِعٌ نَّفْسَكَ أَلَّا يَكُوْنُوْا مُؤْمِنِيْنَ )

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and sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa laʻallaka bakhi‘unnafsaka alla yakūnu mu'minina. Haply you will grieve yourself to death because they believe not. (26:4) فَلا تَذْهَبْ نَفْسُكَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَسَرْتٍ fala tadh hab nafsuka ‘alaihim hasarat. So let not your soul waste away in sighing for them. (35:9). Thus the wise way of laying down one's life in the service of one's people is to endure hardship in their service in accord with the beneficial law of nature, and to spend one's life working out appropriate projects to that end. (Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam, pp137-139, Published in 1996) sa. The Prophet passed through every imaginable stage of human experience, starting from an impoverished and orphaned childhood and ending as the undisputed ruler of his people. His life has been documented in minute detail and reflects unparalleled faith in God and constant sacrifice in His way. He lived a full and eventful life, packed with action, and has left behind an example of perfect conduct in every sphere of human endeavor. This is only fitting and proper, as he was living interpretation of the Holy Qur'an, and by personal example lighted the way of mankind for all time to come -- a role not fulfilled adequately by any other Prophet. (Distinctive Features of Islam, pp. 12-15) 279

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. The Exalted Status of the Holy Prophets in the. Sight of the Promised Messiahas: sa. The Promised Messiah" writes about the Holy Prophet": "The sublime light which was bestowed on man, i.e., the most perfect among them, was not shared by angels nor by stars; nor was in the moon, nor in the sun, or in the oceans and the rivers; it was not to be found in rubies or emeralds, nor in sapphires, nor in pearls: it was not in any earthly or heavenly object. It was possessed only by the perfect man, manifested in the most consummate way in the person of our lord and master, Muḥammad, the chosen one, the chief of all the Prophets, leader of those who live (in the sight of Allāh). So, the light was bestowed on that man and likewise, to a degree, on all who in their several ways were similar to him... Sublime grace was possessed in its most perfect and consummate manifestation by our lord and master, the unlettered Prophet", the truthful one, the one whose truth is testified to, Muḥammad, the chosen one, peace be on him. sa (Rūḥāni Khaza'in, Vol. 5, pp. 160-162). I look always with wonder at this Arab Prophet, whose name is. Muḥammad, thousands of blessings and peace be upon him. How exalted his status was! One cannot perceive the ultimate limit of his station, and it is not within the scope of man to fully comprehend the depth and penetration of his ennobling qualities. Alas! due recognition has not been paid to his lofty rank. That unity (i.e., belief in One God) which had disappeared from the world was restored by this same valiant champion.. He loved God most intensely, so also his soul was being consumed in deep sympathy for mankind. That is why God, Who was fully aware of the hidden excellences of his heart, exalted him above all the Prophets and all the people of the past and the future, and fulfilled his heart's desires in the span of his lifetime. 280 (Rūḥani Khaza'in, Vol. 22: Ḥaqiqatul-Waḥī, pp. 118-119)

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa. Our Holy Prophet" combines in him the names of all the Prophets, for in him are blended the noble qualities we find severally in all the other. Prophets. Hence, he is Moses as well as Jesus; he is Adam, he is Abraham, he is Joseph and also he is Jacob. God indicates this in the verse: فَيهديهم اقتده fabi huɗahumuqtadih. So follow you their guidance. (6:91) sa. Meaning: O Prophet of God, merge in yourself the various teachings of all the Prophets! This shows that the excellence of all the prophets was combined in the Holy Prophet. In fact, the very name. Muḥammad points towards this because it means 'the one who is most highly praised'. The highest praise can only be conceived if it is granted that the very best of virtues and special qualities of all the Prophets are blended in him. (Rūḥāni Khaza'in, Vol. 5: A'ına Kamālat-e-Islam, p. 343). I have been made to understand that of all the Messengers, the one who gave the most perfect and purest of teachings full of wisdom, and the one who exhibited in him the noblest of human qualities is the Holy. Prophet Muḥammad", our lord and master, may peace and blessings of. Allah be upon him. (Ruhani Khaza'in, Vol. 17: Arba˜ın, No. 1 p. 345). When we examine with fairness and justice all the Prophets of the past, we find that Muḥammad", the Holy Prophet of Islām stands out as the most valiant among them, the one who fully possessed all the qualities of life and was the one most endeared to God. (Rūḥani Khaza'in, Vol. 12: Siraj-e-Munir, p. 82) 281

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. A strange phenomenal event took place in the wilderness of Arabia, when hundreds of thousands of the dead became alive within a few days, and those who had been corrupted through generations took on Divine color. The blind began to see, and the tongues of the dumb began to flow with Divine wisdom. Such a revolution took place in the world as no eye had seen and no ear had heard of before. Do you realize what this was? All this was brought about by prayers during the darkness of nights of one who had been wholly lost in God which created an uproar in the world and manifested such wonders as seemed impossible at the hands of that unlettered helpless person. O Allah! send down blessings and peace on him and on his followers in proportion to his concern and suffering for the. Muslim Ummah (the people of Islām), and shower upon him the light of. Thy Mercy forever. (Rūḥani Khaza'in, Vol. 6: Barakatud Du‘a', pp. 10-11). For all the children of Adam there is now no Messenger and. Intercessor other than the Holy Prophet Muḥammad", the chosen one, may peace and blessings of Allāh be upon him. So you should endeavor to cultivate true love for this magnificent and majestic Prophet and not place anyone else above him in any manner so that you may be counted in. Heaven among those who have attained salvation. Remember, salvation is not something which is attainable only after death. Indeed, true salvation is the one which manifests its light in this very world. Who is the one who is delivered? He indeed, who believes that God is Truth and that the Holy. Prophet, is the Intercessor between God and mankind. So also he believes that under the firmament of Heaven there is no Prophet equal to him and that there is no book of the status of the Qur'an. And for none else has God ordained that he should live forever. But with his message and his law, this noble Prophet lives for ever. sa (Rūḥāni Khaza'in, Vol.19: Kashfi Nūḥ, p. 13) sa. From a study of the life of the Holy Prophet", it will become manifest to every reader that the Holy Prophet of Islam had no duality in his character and possessed a pure and noble spirit. He was ever ready to 282

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa lay down his life for God, he pinned no hopes on men and he entertained no fear of them. He reposed his entire trust in Allāh. Having enslaved himself entirely to the will and pleasure of Allāh, he cared not what hazards he would face and what suffering he would be subjected to at the hands of the idolaters as a result of declaring to the world the message of the Unity of God. (Rüḥāni Khaza'in, Vol. 1: Brahin-e-Ahmadiyya, p. 111). Is it not a most wonderful thing to have happened that in an age when all the great nations of the world possessed a plentitude of financial, military and intellectual means, a mere penniless orphan, who was powerless, helpless, unlettered and unaided, brought forth such resplendent teachings which, with their conclusive arguments and irrefutable proofs, dumbfounded every opponent? It also exposed the mistakes and faults of such scholars who in their conceit boasted of being great philosophers and men of wisdom. In spite of his being poor and helpless, he rose to great power and dethroned many a mighty king and in their place installed the poor. If this was not from Allāh, what else was it?. To conquer and excel the whole world in wisdom, in knowledge and in strength, can all this be accomplished without the help of Allah? (Rūḥani Khaza'in, Vol. 1: Brāhīn-e-Ahmadiyya p. 191) sa. Take note how the Holy Prophet of Islām remained resolute and steadfast in his claim to prophethood from beginning to end in the face of thousands of dangers and a multitude of enemies and threatening opponents. For years on end, he endured such hardship and suffering as increased from day to day; enough to make one despair of success. It is inconceivable for a man, with ulterior worldly motives, to have shown such prolonged and steadfast endurance. Not only that, by putting forth his claim to prophethood, he even lost the support he had previously enjoyed.. The price he had to pay for his one claim was to confront a hundred thousand contentions and invite a multitude of calamities to fall upon his head. He was exiled from his homeland and pursued with intent to murder.. His home and belongings were destroyed and several attempts on his life were made by poisoning him. Those who were his well-wishers began to 283

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Sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa harbor ill for him. Friends turned into foes. For an age which seemed like eternity, he braved such hardships as are beyond what a pretender and imposter could suffer through. (Rūḥāni Khaza'in, Vol. 1: Brāhīn-e-Ahmadiyya, p. 108). It would not have been possible for me to have attained this grace if I had not followed the footsteps of my lord and master, the pride of all the Prophets, the best of mankind, Muḥammad, the chosen one, peace and blessings of Allāh be upon him. Whatever I have achieved, I have achieved by following him, and I know from verified reliable experience that no man can reach God and obtain a deeper understanding of His ways without following that Prophet, may peace and blessings of Allāh be upon him. Now, let me also make it known that the very first thing you are rewarded with, after having completely submitted yourself to the instructions and teachings of the Holy Prophet Muḥammad", is that you are granted a new heart which is always rightly inclined, that is to say, a heart which has turned cold upon the love of this material world, and instead it begins to yearn for an everlasting heavenly pleasure. Having achieved this desire this heart is now fit to receive that perfect and purest love the love of God. Because of your complete obedience to him, all these blessings are bequeathed to you as his spiritual heritage. sa (Rūḥani Khaza'in, Vol.22: Haqiqatul Waḥ, pp. 64-65) 284

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa 19. Physical Description and Habits of the Holy Prophetsa sa. The Holy Prophet" was a perfect model for all human beings. An observation of the life of the Holy Prophet clearly shows that his entire life was dedicated to the service of God Almighty and love of humanity.. He devoted his whole life to becoming a recipient of Allāh's Guidance,. Blessings and Mercy. To achieve these goals he fervently prayed to God. Almighty. In fact he prayed so much that his prayers cover every aspect of human life. In short, the Holy Prophet had the highest moral excellences and was a mercy for mankind. sa. God Almighty says in the Holy Qur'an about the Holy Prophet": لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُوْلِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ laqad kāna lakum fi rasūlillahi uswatun hasanah. Verily you have in the Prophet of Allāh an excellent model. (33:22). The Holy Prophets Describes About Himself. Cognizance is my true possession, wisdom is the root of my religion, love is my foundation, zeal is my impetus, remembrance of Allāh 285

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa is my companion and comforter, steadfastness is my treasure, sorrow is my companion, knowledge is my tool, patience is my covering, contentment is a blessing, poverty is my honor, piety is my profession, my belief is my strength, truthfulness is my associate, obedience is my lineage, struggle in the cause of Allāh is my civility, and Prayer is the comfort of my eyes. as (Ash-Shafa, fașl fi khaufihi sallallahu ‘alihi wasallam min rabbihi wa ta'atihi lahū Vol. 1, pp. 85-86; Qāḍi ‘Iyāḍ bin Musa) as as as as sa sa. Hadrat Abū Sa'id al-Khudrī" relates that the Holy Prophet* said: "I am the leader of Adam's" progeny. However, I am not proud of it. I will be the standard-bearer of the Glory of God. However, I feel no pride of it. On the day of resurrection, Adam and all other Prophets besides him will be gathered under my flag. I will be the first one to be raised on the Day of. Judgement, but I do not feel proud about it, as well. The Holy Prophet continued: 'People will encounter fear on three occasions. They will go to. Adam and say to him: 'You are our father, please intercede on our behalf to your Lord.' He will reply to them: 'I had committed a sin (according to you) for which I was expelled from Heaven to the earth. I suggest you go to Noah. Maybe he can help you.' Then they will go to Noah and ask him. Noah will say to them: 'I prayed ill (according to you) for the people of the land unjustly which led to their destruction. I suggest that you go to. Abraham. Then they will go to Abraham" and ask him. Abraham will say to them: 'I told three lies (according to you).' The Holy Prophet said: 'In fact none of these were lies, they were just some prudent decisions he made in the interest of faith.' Anyway, Abraham" will reply to the people, 'You should go to Moses" perchance he can help you.' The people will go to Moses and ask him. Moses" will say to them: 'I had killed a person unjustly (according to you), you should go to Jesus". When they go to. Jesus, he will say to them: 'I had encouraged the people to worship me (according to you) instead of God, you should go to Muhammad". Then they will come to me. I will accompany them (to God Almighty). I will be asked, 'Who are you?' I will respond: 'Muhammad is here.' So the door 286 as as as as as sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa will be opened. I will be welcome. I will fall in prostration and at this, in an excellent manner praise will be revealed to me from God Almighty, and it will be said to me: 'Raise your head and ask, it will be given. Intercede and your intercession will be accepted; and say, it will be heard. This is the 'Muqam-e-Maḥmüd about which God Almighty has said: عَسَى أَنْ يَبْعَثَكَ رَبُّكَ مَقَامًا مَّحْمُوْدًا ) 'asa anyyab‘athaka rabbuka maqāmammaḥmūda. It may be that your Lord will raise you to an exalted station. (17:80)' 11 (Jami' Tirmidhi, Abwäbut Tafsir Surah Bani Israel; Sahih Bukhari, Kifabut. Tafsir Surah Al-Nahl; Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Iman, Bāb adna ahlil jannah manzilah). Physical Description and Personality of the Holy. Prophet³. Hadrat Jäbir bin Samurah" narrates that once the Holy Prophet came out during a moon-lit night while he was covering himself with a red sheet: "I looked at him and then at the moon and kept on doing so. By. God, he was more beautiful than the moon." (Jami' Tirmidhi, Kitābul Adab, Bäb mā ja'a firrukhsati fillabsil hamrati lirrijali) sa ra sa. Physically, the hands of the Holy Prophet" were as beautiful and pleasing to gaze upon as everything else about him. They were white and fleshy, with slightly tapering fingers. Hadrat Anas bin Malik said on more than one occasion, "I have never touched any silk or brocade that is softer than the palm of the Messenger of Allāh nor have I ever smelled musk or scent more fragrant than the fragrance of the Messenger of Allāh." sa sa (Bukhari 2:269), Muslim 4:1815) 287

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa ra. Hadrat Wa'il ibn Hajar" said, "Whenever I shook hands with the sa. Holy Prophet or my skin touched his skin, I smelled the scent of musk on my hand for three days." (Majma' al-Zawa'id 7:33) sa ra. Hadrat Hasan bin 'Ali relates that he asked his maternal uncle,. Hind bin Abi Häla to describe the appearance and features of the Holy. Prophet. Hind bin Abī Hāla was an expert in describing the physical features of the Holy Prophet". He desired that he describe the physical features of the Holy Prophet so that he could remember them forever.. Hind bin Hāla said: sa sa "The Holy Prophet" had a very commanding personality. His face was bright like the full moon. He was of medium height; that is, he was taller than a short person and slightly shorter than a tall person. He had a large head covered with slightly curly thick hair. The hair reached his ear lobes and there was a prominent partition in his hair. He had a beautiful white complexion, a broad forehead, long and thick eyebrows which were not joined. Rather, there was a white space between the eyebrows, which would become prominent when he was angry. He had an exquisite fine nose which appeared bright and slightly raised to someone glancing at his face. His beard was thick; his cheeks were soft and smooth; his mouth was broad with a shiny full set of teeth with part of gums within the teeth; the corners of his eyes narrowed to a point; his neck was long and lovely, shining like silver with a slight redness. With a balanced well-built body, he had slight plumpness, which looked appropriate and agreeable. His chest and belly were even. His chest was large and broad; joints, strong and full; skin, soft, tender and luminous. His chest and belly were hairless but there was a fine streak of hair from his chest to the navel. There was some hair on both hands which extended to the elbows. There was hair on the shoulders. He had long wrists, wide and fleshy palms, and long and graceful fingers. The soles of his feet were relatively filled with flesh. His feet were soft and smooth to the extent that water would not stay on them.. When he walked, he raised his feet fully. He walked in a dignified manner, 288

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa 88 but a bit quickly, as if he were walking downhill. When he turned his face to any side, he turned it fully. He always kept his eyes lowered to the ground. It seemed as if he looked more towards the ground than his surroundings. He often looked with eyes half-open. He walked behind his. Companions" and took care of them. He was always the first to say 'Salam' to anyone he met." ra sa га (Shamaʻil Tirmidhi, Bab fi khalq Rasulullah) sa. Hadrat Anas bin Mālik relates that the Holy Prophet" was of medium height, neither too tall nor too short. He had a glowing white complexion, which was neither too white nor too wheatish. His hair was somewhat straight, neither too curly nor absolutely straight. ... (Al-mu jamassaghir lil-Țibrani, Babuljim min ismuhū Ja'far, Vol. 1, p. 118;. Dala‘ilunnabuwwatu lil-Baihaqı, Bab şifat laun Rasulullah, Vol. 1, p. 201) га га sa. Hadrat Hasan bin Ali relates that he asked his uncle Hind bin Abī. Hāla about the Holy Prophet" and his manner of speaking. He stated: sa "It always seemed as if the Holy Prophet" was continuously in deep thought and was somewhat perturbed due to some thought. Most of the time he was quiet and did not talk unnecessarily. Whenever he spoke, he spoke very clearly. His conversation was always brief but eloquent and full of wisdom covering various subjects comprehensively but without any extraneous details. Furthermore, there was never any ambiguity in what he said. He never degraded or scorned anyone or made derogatory remarks about anyone. He depicted even the smallest blessing as a great blessing.. The quality of giving thanks was very singular in him. He neither spoke evil of a thing nor praised it so much that it reflected his extraordinary liking for the thing. He neither exaggerated in praising a delicious food nor exaggerated in relaying his dislike for an unappetizing food.. Moderation was his habit. He never became angry or showed distase concerning a worldly affair. However, when he saw rights being usurped, then no one could face his anger. Until the rights were restored, he remained anxious. He never showed anger or took revenge for any 289

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa injustice done to him. Whenever he gestured towards something, he always did it with his hand and never by just moving his finger. Whenever he was amazed about something, he showed his amazement by turning his hand upside down. When he emphasized a point, he placed one hand over the other and hit the palm of the right hand with the thumb of the left hand. When he disliked something, he turned his face away, and when he felt happy, he half closed his eyes. His laughter was mostly a broad smile." 6 sa (Shamä'il Tirmidhi, Bab kaifa kana kalam Rasulullah") га. Hadrat Abdullah bin Harith relates that he did not see anyone smile more than the Holy Prophet. sa sa (Jami' Tirmidhi, Abwabul Manaqib, Bab mä ja' fi bishashatunnabiyyi™) га sa. Hadrat 'A'ishah relates: "I never saw the Holy Prophet laugh outright so that his uvula (a small finger-like tissue which hangs from the back of the root of the mouth) could be seen. He just smiled." га (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Adab, Bāb tabassam wadduhak) ra sa. Hadrat Qatadah relates that he heard 'Abdullah bin Abi 'Utbah" state that he heard Abū Sa'id Al-Khudri" say that the Holy Prophet was more modest than a virgin behind her veil and that when something displeased him they could perceive it in his face. (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Fada'il, Bab kathratah hiya'ih) ra sa ra. Hadrat Hisham bin ‘Urwah relates that his father 'Urwah narrated: "Someone asked Hadrat 'A'ishah: 'Did the Holy Prophet perform any of the household chores?' She replied: 'Yes. He used to mend his shoes, sew his clothes, and did other household chores just like you do in your homes.' th 290 (Musnad Ahmad, p. 167/7 - p. 121/6)

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa. Hadrat Aswad bin Yazid" relates that he asked Ḥadrat ‘A'ishah": sa "What did the Holy Prophet do in his home? She answered: 'He occupied himself with helping members of his family, and when the time of Prayer came, he would go out for Prayer. sa. TH (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Adhan, Bab man kāna fi hajjah ahlihì ... alkh) ra sa. Hadrat Abū Sa'id Al-Khudri relates that the Holy Prophet fed his camels, undertook various household chores, repaired his shoes, patched torn clothes, and milked his goats. He used to eat food along with his servant and helped him whenever he became tired of grinding wheat. The. Holy Prophet never felt shy of bringing household items from the market.. He used to shake hands with everyone, whether rich or poor, and always was the first to say 'Salam'. He always accepted an invitation, even if it was to eat ordinary dates, and never felt insulted. He was extremely sympathetic, mild-mannered and tender-hearted. His lifestyle was very simple and clean. He always greeted everyone cheerfully and he always had a smile on his face. He never laughed loudly. He was always concerned about the fear of God. However, he did not have an iota of peevishness. He was very humble but not out of weakness or cowardice.. He was extremely generous but not extravagant. He was kind-hearted, compassionate, and generous. He used generous. He used to treat every Muslim compassionately. He never ate so much that he had to burp. He was never covetous of anything. On the contrary, he was always patient, thankful, and content with what he had. (Usdul Ghabah, Vol. 1, p 29; Qashiriyyah, p. 7; Ash-Shifa', p. 77/1) ra sa. Hadrat ‘Abdullāh bin Salām" relates that when the Holy Prophet came to Medina, he was one of the people who came out to receive him.. When he saw the face of the Holy Prophet", he realized that certainly this could not be the face of a false person. At this occasion, the Holy Prophet™ said, "O people! Spread the greetings of peace, feed the needy, show tenderness towards kith and kin, offer Prayers while people are sleeping. If sa 291

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa you do all of these, you will enter Paradise in peace.' " (Sunan Darmī, Kitabul Isti'dhān, Bāb fi afshā'assalam; Jami' Tirmidhi, Abwab suffatul qayyamah, Vol. 2, p. 72). The Daily Routine sa. As far as the daily routine of the Holy Prophet was concerned, he had divided the day into three parts. One part was reserved to worship and to pray to Allah, the second part was to take care of the household affairs while the last part was used for his personal needs and activities. However, the major portion of the time reserved for his personal needs was often used to serve humanity. (Ash-Shifa' Ba-ta'rif Ḥaqūqul Mustafa, lil-Qadı ‘Iyad, Vol. 1, p. 174, Darul. Kitab al-Arabi) sa ra. Hadrat Jabir bin Samurah" relates that after offering the Fajr. Prayer, the Holy Prophet remained seated on his Prayer mat till sunrise.. During this time, some people talked with each other and laughed over some event of the days of ignorance. At this, The Holy Prophet" also smiled. sa sa (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Fada'il, Bab tabassamah sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam wa ḥusan ‘ashratahū wa Kitabus Ṣalat, Bāb faḍlal jalūs fi miṣlah ba‘daṣṣubha wa fadlul masajid) sa. After the congregational Prayer and finishing the Dhikr-e-Ilahi (silent remembrance of Allah), the Holy Prophet" used to sit among his. Companions" for a while. Often he used to ask the Companions" to relate their dreams, if they had seen one. If he liked the dream he used to interpret the dream. Once in a while he used to relate his dream also to his. Companions". 292 sa (Sahih Muslim, Kitabur Ru'ya',Bab Ru'ya' an-Nabi ; Sahih Bukhārī, Kitabur Ru'ya')

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa sa ra. After the Fajr Prayer, the Holy Prophet" followed the day's program as he had organized in his mind. If anyone of his Companions" was sick he would visit him to inquire about his health and to cheer him up.. If someone had passed away, he would attend his or her funeral services and console the deceased person's family. At the end of these routines he would return to his home and would ask for food to eat. If there was nothing to eat at home, he would say, "That is alright, I will fast today." (Musnad Ahmad, Vol. 6, p.45). Patience in Adversity sa. The Holy Prophet" was always very patient in adversity. He was neither discouraged by adverse circumstances nor did he permit any personal desire to overpower him. His father had died before his birth and his mother died while he was still a young child. Up till the age of eight, he was under the guardianship of his grandfather and after the latter's death he was cared by his uncle, Abū Ṭālib. Both on account of natural affection and also because he had been specially admonished in that behalf by his father, Abū Tālib always watched over his nephew with care and indulgence but his wife was not affected by these considerations to the same degree. It often happened that she would distribute something among her own children, leaving out their little cousin. If Abū Tālib chanced to come into the house on such an occasion, he would find his little nephew sitting apart, a perfect picture of dignity and without a trace of sulkiness or grievance on his face. The uncle, yielding to the claims of affection and recognizing his responsibility, would run to his nephew, clasp him to his bosom and cry out: "Do pay attention to this child of mine too! Do pay attention to this child of mine too!" Such incidents were not uncommon and those who were witnesses to them were unanimous in their testimony that the young Muḥammad never gave any indication that he was in any way affected by them or that he was in any sense jealous of his cousins.. Later in life, when he was in a position to do so, he took upon himself the care and upbringing of two of his uncle's sons, 'Ali and Ja'far, and 293

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa discharged this responsibility in the most excellent manner. (Life of Muḥammad by Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin Maḥmūd Aḥmad, Khalifatul ra. Masih II, pp. 327-328, Published in UK, 2005). Simple Lifestyle. The Holy Prophet" was extremely simple in the matter of food and drink. He never expressed displeasure with ill-prepared or ill-cooked food.. If he could eat such food he would do so to save the person who had prepared it from disappointment. If, however, a dish was unedible, he merely refrained from partaking of it and never expressed his disapproval of it. When any edible food was presented to him he always shared it with those present. On one occasion someone presented him with some dates.. He looked around and after making an estimate of the number of people present divided the dates equally among them, each of them receiving seven. га sa. Hadrat A'ishah" relates that the Holy Prophet never ate his fill even of barley bread two successive days till he died.. Sa ((Jami' Titmidhi, Abwäbuz Zuhdi ‘an rasulullah, Bab mā ja'a fi ma ishatinnabiyyi wa ahlihi). Sa sa. Since childhood, the Holy Prophet showed a high standard of contentment. Umm Aiman", the wet-nurse of the Holy Prophet" relates: га sa مَا رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيِّ شَكَا صَغِيرًا وَ كَبِيْرًا جُوْعًا وَّ لَا عَطَشَا mā ra-aitunnabiyya shaka saghirañwwa kabiran jau‘añwwa la 'atasha sa. I have never seen the Holy Prophet, from his childhood to the old age, complain 294

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Sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Haḍrat Muḥammad Mustafa about hunger or thrist. ra (Ibn Sa'd's Al-Tabaqat Al-Kabir, Vol. 1, p. 168) та. Hadrat Masrüq relates that he visited Hadrat ‘Ä'ishah and she ordered food to be served to me. She said, "Never do I eat to a full stomach without crying. I asked her, 'Why?' She said, 'I recall the condition in which Allah's Messenger" departed from this world. By Allāh, he never had bread and meat to a full belly twice a day.' sa " ". Sa (Jami' Titmidhi, Abwabuz Zuhdi 'an rasulullah, Bab ma ja'a fi marishatinnabiyyi" wa ahlihi) ra. SA ra sa ra Ḥaḍrat Aswad relates that Ḥadrat ‘Umar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb™ visited the. Holy Prophet. The Holy Prophet" was ill and was lying on a Qutwani bed-sheet and his pillow was filled with Adhkhar grass. Seeing this,. Hadrat 'Umar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb said: "May my father and mother be sacrificed for you! Caesar and Chosroes rest on silky mattresses and you are in such a condition. Hearing this, the Holy Prophet said: 'O ‘Umar!. Would you not be happy that you get these comforts in the Hereafter, whereas worldly people have these in this world?' Then Hadrat 'Umar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb" touched the body of the Holy Prophet" and noticed that he had a very high fever. At this, Hadrat ‘'Umar ibn al-Khattab said: 'Messenger of Allah, You are a Messenger" of Allah, yet you have such a high fever.'. The Holy Prophet said: 'In this Ummah, it is the Prophet who is tried the most, after that, rank-wise, the virtuous people and the leaders. This has been the case with other Prophets who passed before me.' та sa та sa ra 1 " sa (Msunadul Imamul A'zam, Kitaburriqaq, p. 217). Hadrat ‘A'ishah relates: "The mattress of the Holy Prophet” was of leather stuffed with the husk of the date-palm tree." sa (Sahih Bukhari, Kitaburriqaq, Bāb kaifa kāna ‘aishannabiyya ) 295

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa ra sa. Hadrat Abdullah bin Mas'ud relates the Holy Prophet™ slept on a mat and when he got up the impress of the mat was visible on his body.. Noticing this, he said: "Messenger of Allāh, may my father and mother be sacrificed for you! Shall we prepare a mattress for you over this mat which protects you? He said: مَا أَنَا وَالدُّنْيَا إِنَّمَا أَنَا وَالدُّنْيَا كَرَاكِبٍ اِسْتَظَلَّ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ ثُمَّ رَاحَ وَتَرَكَهَا mā ana waddunya, innamā ana waddunya karakibin istazalla taḥta shajaratin thumma rāḥa wa tarakahā 'What have I to do with this world? I am in the world like a traveler who stops in the shade of a tree for a while, then leaves it and moves on.' 111 (Ibn-e-Majah, Abwäbuzzuhad,Bāb mithluddunyā, p. 302) ra. Hadrat Abū Mūsā al-Ash‘arī™ relates: "Hadrat ‘A'ishah showed us sa a sheet and a thick loin-cloth and told us that the Holy Prophet was wearing them when he died." (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Libas, Babul aksiyyah; Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Libās,. Bab a-ttawadi' fillibas... alkh) га ra. Hadrat Abu Burdah" states that once Hadrat 'A'ishah" took out and showed me a thick sheet made of coarse cotton cloth and an under garment sa (tah band). She said, "The Holy Prophet" was wearing these clothes at the time of his demise." 296 (Sahih Bukhari, Kīabul Libās, Bab al-aksiyah)

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. Humility sa. The Holy Prophet's humility knew no bounds. When sitting among his followers, ordinarily clothed, eating the same food as they did, he did not occupy a very special place. Many a time people were mistaken as to ra who was the Holy Founder of Islam. Hadrat Abu Bakr, who later became the First Caliph of Islām, was older than he was and perhaps had a longer beard, (I don't know, it is my surmise), but something in him led some strangers to address him as the Prophet of God. With a respectful manner, he would then turn to the Holy Prophet" and lead them to him. ra sa sa. Once, Hadrat 'Umar" who later became the Second Caliph of Islām obtained his permission to perform 'Umrah. The Holy Prophet of Islām turned to him and said: "Yes go ahead, perform the ‘Umrah and please do not forget me in your prayers." Such was the humility of the man, on whose prayers every Muslim depended, that he asked one of his own servants to remember him in his prayers. sa (The Seal of Prophets, His Personality and Character, Hadṛat Mirza Tahir. Th. Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih IV, Islam International Publications, 1992) sa. During the early days of Islām when the Holy Prophet" was living за sa in Mecca, Abū Lahab and ‘Aqbah bin Abi Mu'ît were his neighbors. Both of them had taken to disturbing the Holy Prophet to an extreme. They not only opposed the Holy Prophet" outside in the public they also annoyed the Holy Prophet" when he was at his home. They would place all sorts of filth at the door of the house of the Holy Prophet". Whenever the Holy. Prophet came out of the house and saw the filth he himself removed it from the front of his house and only said, "O the sons of 'Abd Manāf!. What are you doing. Is it the way to treat a neighbor?" sa (Ibn Sa'd's Al-Tabqat Al-Kabir, Vol. 1, p. 201, Beirut, Lebanon, 1960) ra. The Holy Prophet" always took good care of the Companions" 297

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa sa during travel. He never gave preference to himself over the others and used to bear the hardships encountered during travel just like the others.. When the Holy Prophet left for the Battle of Badr there were very few rides available to them. One camel was shared by three persons to travel.. The Holy Prophet" shared his camel with Ḥaḍrat ‘Ali" and Ḥadrat Abū ra sa га sa sa. Lubābah and they took turns to ride the camel. When the Holy Prophet was about to come down from the camel after taking his turn, both of others who were sharing the ride with the Holy Prophet requested the. Holy Prophet to continue riding the camel as they would walk. The Holy. Prophet said, "Neither you possess more strength to walk than me nor I am less in need of the reward than you." sa sa (Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal, Vol. 1, p. 411, Al-Maktabul Islami lil. Taba'h wannashar, Beirut, Lebanon) sa sa sa. Once, Hadrat 'Aqbah bin ‘Āmir Juhani" visited the Holy Prophet while he was travelling. The Holy Prophet" made his ride sit down and asked Hadrat 'Aqbah" to ride the camel. He said, "O Messenger" of Allāh!. How can it be that I ride while you are walking? The Holy Prophet again told 'Aqbah to ride. 'Aqbah again gave the same reply. However, when the. Holy Prophet insisted that he mount the ride, to obey the Holy Prophet", he mounted the ride and the Holy Prophet" started to walk while holding the rein of the ride. sa sa га sa sa sa. Once, the Holy Prophet" mounted his ride to travel to Qubā'. Ḥaḍrat Abu Hurairah" was with the Holy Prophet". The Holy Prophet" asked Ḥaḍrat Abu Hurairah if he would like to ride with him. He said as the Messenger of Allah wishes. The Holy Prophet" told him to mount the ride. When Hadrat Abu Hurairah tried to mount he could not and fell down. During the fall he held the Holy Prophet" for support. This made the. Holy Prophet also fall down. The Holy Prophet again mounted the ride and asked Hadrat Abu Hurairah" to mount the ride. Like before, he could sa ra га sa sa 298

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa sa га not mount and fell down and pulled down the Holy Prophet along with him. When the third time the Holy Prophet asked Ḥadrat Abu Hurairah' to mount the ride he said, "I do not want to make you fall down again." (Zurqani, Sharh Mawahib al-Ladunniyya, Vol. 4, p. 265, Darul Ma‘rfah, Beirut,. Lebanon) sa sa та sa. Hadrat Abdullāh bin Abū Bakr relates that an Arab told him: "In the rush of the Battle of Hunain, I severely injured the foot of the Holy. Prophet with a hard sandal I was wearing. The Holy Prophet tapped me lightly with a whip and said, 'In the name of Allah! You have hurt me.' I was very much ashamed. I passed the night rebuking myself for hurting the. Holy Prophet. Only God knows how I passed the night. In the morning, someone told me that the Holy Prophet" was asking for me. I became very worried that maybe I was summoned to face the punishment for yesterday's mistake. Anyway, when I went to see the Holy Prophet, he very affectionately said, 'Yesterday, you crushed my foot which caused me severe pain and I hit you lightly with a whip. Take these eighty goats as compensation.'' sa sa sa sa (Musnad Darmi, Bab fi sakhā'annabiyyu, p. 36/1) sa ra sa. It is related that Ḥaḍrat Usaid bin Huḍair" who was from Anṣār, was a very witty person. Once, he was talking wittily while sitting in the company of people, and the Holy Prophet poked him lightly in his ribs with his stick. At this, he said to the Holy Prophet", "I have to avenge that." The Holy Prophet" said, "Alright, you can take revenge." He replied: "But you are wearing a shirt, while I am not wearing a shirt." At this, the Holy Prophet" raised his shirt. Ḥaḍrat Usaid bin Huḍair" embraced the Holy Prophet" and started to fervently kiss his side, and stated: "Messenger of Allah, this was my intention.". Sa га (Sunan Abū Dawūd, Kitabul Adab, Bāb fı qiblatul jasad, Mishkāt, Kitabul Adab,. Babul musafihah wal muʻaniqah) 299

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Pleasing Sense of Humor sa. The Holy Prophet" possessed a very pleasing sense of humor. He used to joke with children to amuse them in simple ways. But his humor would never hurt anyone. There are many reports of his jokes with children and sometimes with old people. His humor was delicate and pleasing always practiced with an underlying sense of love and never that of derision. ra sa sa. Hadrat Anas relates that someone asked the Holy Prophet for an animal to ride. The Holy Prophet said that he would give him a baby camel to ride. He said: "What will I do with a baby camel? The Holy. Prophet said, 'Is a camel not the baby of a camel?" " sa (Sunan Abū Dawūd, Kitabul Adab, Bāb mä ja' fil mizāḥ; Jami' Tirmidhi,. Abwabul bir walsilah,Bab fil mizah) sa sa sa. A woman came to see the Holy Prophet". The Holy Prophet asked her about her husband. She told his name. The Holy Prophet" said, "The one with a hole in his eyes." When she returned home she started gazing in her husband's eyes. Her husband said, "What has happened to you." She told him that the Holy Prophet" had told her that their is whitishness in his eyes. Upon hearing this he said, "The white area is not more than the black area in my eyes." га (Sharfunnabi by ‘Allamah Sa'id Neshapurī, p. 109) sa. Hadrat ‘Auf bin Mālik" relates that during the Battle of Tabūk, he appeared before the Holy Prophet": "The Holy Prophet" was staying in a small leather tent. I greeted the Holy Prophet. He returned my greetings and told me to come inside the tent. I said: 'Should the whole of me (come inside)?' The Holy Prophet said, 'Yes, the whole of you come in.' Then, I went inside the tent.' 1 11 sa 300 (Sunan Abū Dawūd, Kitabul Adab, Bāb mā jā' fil mizāḥ)

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa 58 ra sa. Hadrat Anas relates that once the Holy Prophet" said to an old woman: "Old women will not enter Paradise.' The woman, who used to read the Holy Qur'an, nervously said: "Why will they not enter the. Paradise?" The Holy Prophet" said, "Did you not read in the Holy Qur'ān the following?" sa اِنَّا اَنْشَأْنَهُنَّ إِنشَاءُ لا فَجَعَلْتُهُنَّ أَبْكَارًا ) innā ansha'nā hunna insha' an fa ja‘alnāhunna abkārā. Verily, We have created them a good creation. And made them virgins.' ' (56:36-37) (i.e., Even old women will enter in the Heaven as young and virgin) " (Rawāhushsharaḥ alsinatah with reference to Mishkät, Bāb almizāḥ, p. 416) sa га sa. Hadrat Abu Hurairah relates that while talking with the Holy. Prophet people said: "O Messenger" of Allah! You also sometimes joke with us." The Holy Prophet said, "I do not say anything except the truth." sa (Jami' Tirmidhi, Abwäbul bir walsilah, Bab fil mizah) 301

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa 20. A Synopsis of the High Moral Excellences of the Holy Prophetsa. His Character sa. The character of the Holy Prophet" has so many different facets that it is not possible to deal adequately with it within the space of these pages. Here are just a few examples to illustrate some of the high moral excellences of the Holy Prophet. ra sa. Hadrat Sa'd bin Hishām bin ‘Āmir" relates, "I visited Hadrat 'A'ishah and requested her to tell me about the character of the Holy. Prophet. She stated: sa كَانَ خُلُقُهُ الْقُرْآنَ kana khulquhul Qur'an sa. The character of the Holy Prophet was the Holy Qur'ān.. Then she asked me: 'Did you not read in the Holy Qur'an where Allāh the. Most Honored and Glorious says: 302

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa إِنَّكَ لَعَلى خُلُقٍ عَظِيْمٍ sa innaka la'ala khuluqin ‘azīm. You do surely possess high moral excellences. (68:5)?'" (Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal, p 91/6, daſa‘ilunnabuwwatu lil-Baihaqi, p. 309/1) ra. Hadrat 'A'ishah" relates that the character of the Holy Prophet was in accordance with the Holy Qur'ān. sa (Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal, Vo. 6, p. 91;Mustadrik lil-Hakim tafsir süratul. Mu'minun, Vol 2, p. 392, Dalaʻilunnabuwwatu lil-Baihaqi, Bab dhikr akhbar ruwait fi shamã'ilihi wa ikhlaquhì, p 309/1) sa ra ra. Hadrat Sa'd bin Hishām relates that he visited Hadrat ‘Ä'ishah and said: "O Mother of the Faithful! Tell me about the character and conduct of the Holy Prophet. She said, don't you read the Holy Qur'ān?' I said, 'Why not! (Certainly, I read the Holy Qur'an.)' Then Haḍrat 'A'ishah said, 'The character of the Holy Prophet" was the Holy Qur'ān.' sa 1 " sa га. Another version is: "The character of the Holy Prophet" was in full accordance with the Holy Qur'an." (Sahih Muslim, Kitabuș Șalat, Bāb jāmi“ ṣaſatullail, majma‘ul baḥār, Vol.1, p. 372; Dala ilunnabuwwatu lil-Baihaqi, p. 308/1) га. Hadrat Safiyyah states: مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَدًا قَطُّ أَحْسَنُ خُلُقًا مِّنَ النَّبِي mā ra-aitu aḥadan qattu aḥsanu khuluqamminannabiyyi sa. I did not see anyone better than the Holy Prophet in moral excellences. 303

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa. The Holy Prophet was a true and honest teacher. He practiced what he preached and preached what he practiced.. Hadrat Imām Mālik" relates that the Holy Prophet" said: "I have been commissioned (by Allah) for the completion of good morals.". There is another narration: عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّمَا بُعِثْتُ لاتَمِّمَ مَكَارِمَ الْأَخْلَاقِ "an abi Hurairata qala qala rasulullahi innamā bu‘ithtu li utammima makarimal akhlaqi ra sa. Hadrat Abu Hurairah relates that the Holy Prophet said, "I have been commissioned for the completion of noble morals." (Muwatta Imam Malik, Bab fi husnul khulq, p. 364; Al-sununul kubra maa jawahirunnaqi kitabushshahada, Bab biyan makaramul ikhlaq, p. 192/10) sa. Hadrat ‘Ã'ishah™ relates that the Holy Prophet*" used to pray 304 اللَّهُمَّ أَحْسَنْتَ خَلْقِي فَأَحْسِنْ خُلُقِي allahumma ahsanta khalqi fa aḥsin khuluqi. O Allah! Just as You have made me handsome, make my morals attractive as well. (Musnad Ahmad, p. 150/6 - 68/6)

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa га. Hadrat Khadijah describing the praiseworthy character of the Holy. Prophet said: sa كَلَّا أَبْشِرْ فَوَاللَّهِ لَا يُخْزِيْكَ اللَّهُ اَبَدًا إِنَّكَ لَتَصِلُ الرَّحِمَ وَتَحْمِلُ الْكَلَّ وَتَكْسِبُ الْمَعْدُومَ وَتَقْرِى الضَّيْفَ وَتُعِيْنُ عَلَى نَوَائِبِ الْحَقِّ kalla abshir fa wallahi la yukhzikallahu abadan innaka la taşilurrahima wa taḥmilul kalla wa taksibul ma‘duma wa taqriḍdaifa wa tu inu 'ala nawa'ibil haqqi. Certainly, it can never happen so. You should be happy. By God! God. Almighty will never disgrace you. Surely you take care of your kith and kin, help the oppressed, restore the lost virtues, honor the guest and help the needy. га sa. Hadrat 'A'ishah" relates: "Wherever the Holy Prophet was given the option to adopt one of two courses, he adopted the easier course, unless it was sinful to do so, in which case he avoided it more than anyone else." (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Fada'il, Bab muba'idtah salallahhu alaihi wasallam lil atham wa ikhtiyarah minal mabah). Trust and Faith in God sa. When all the plots of Meccan chiefs to stop the Holy Prophet™ from spreading the Message of Allah failed, they offered the Holy. Prophet leadership, wealth and beautiful women to marry to convince him to stop spreading his message. However, the Holy Prophet refused to accept the offer and told his uncle, Abu Talib, that if the chiefs of Meccal sa 305

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa placed the sun in his right hand, and the moon in his left hand, even then he would not stop spreading the message of Allāh. га га sa sa. Hadrat Jabir relates that he accompanied the Holy Prophet on a campaign towards Najd and returned with him. At noon, the party reached a valley of thorny trees where the Holy Prophet made a stop and his. Companions scattered in search of shade. He hung up his sword on a branch of an acacia tree and lay down in its shade. He recounts: "We also took a siesta and suddenly we heard the Holy Prophet" calling us. We hastened to him and saw that a rustic Arab from amongst the disbelievers was standing near him. The Holy Prophet said to us: 'This one drew my sword against me while I was asleep. I woke up and saw that he had the sword in his hand. He said to me: 'Who will deliver you from me?' I told him: 'Allāh'; and repeated it three times. The sword fell down from his hand and he could not do anything.' " The Holy Prophet sat up and imposed no penalty on the man. sa sa sa sa. Sa sa. Another version is: "We were with the Holy Prophet in the campaign of Dhatur Riqa'. We came to a shady tree and we left him to rest under it. A pagan came and seeing the sword of the Holy Prophet" which was hanging on the tree, drew it, and said to him: 'Do you fear me?' He answered: 'No.' Then the man asked: 'Now who will deliver you from me?". The Holy Prophet answered: 'Allāh.' Thereupon, the sword fell from the man's hand and the Holy Prophet having secured it asked him: 'Who will now deliver you from me?' The man said: 'You forgive me.' The Holy. Prophet asked him: 'Will you affirm that there is none worthy of worship save Allāh and that I am His messenger?' The man said: 'No. But I promise you that I will not fight against you, nor will I join those who do so.' The. Holy Prophet let him go free. He went back to his people and told them: 'I have come back to you from one who is the best of mankind.' sa sa ↑ 11 (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabal Maghazi, Bab Ghazwah Dhatur Riqa'; Fathul Bari 7/416) 306

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. Rejected Help from an Infidel га га sa sa. Hadrat A'ishah relates that when the Holy Prophet left for the Battle of Badr and reached a place called Harratil Wabarah, he met a man who was famous for his courage and bravery. The. Companions of the Holy Prophet" were very much delighted to see the man. The man said to the Holy Prophet", "I would like to fight as your subordinate along with you. The Holy Prophet" asked him, 'Do you believe in Allah and His Messenger?' He said, 'No.'. The Holy Prophet" told him to leave as he did not want to get help from an infidel. sa sa sa sa га sa. Hadrat 'A'ishah" relates that after hearing the response of the Holy Prophet to his request, the man left. However, when the army reached a place called Shajarah, the man came again to the. Holy Prophet and offered his services to fight in the battle. The. Holy Prophet again told him that he did not want help from an infidel. So the man left. However, he came again at the place called. Baida' and repeated his request. The Holy Prophet again asked him: 'Do you believe in Allāh and His Messenger?' He replied: 'Yes.' The Holy Prophet" said: 'Now you can come along with us." sa sa 1 11 (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Jihad, Bab karahtal isti 'anah fil Ghazwah bikafirin). Love of God and Submission to Him га. Hadrat 'Ã'ishah™ states that after revelation of the Surah. إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللهِ وَالْفَتْحُ ل 307

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sa. Prayer:. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa idhā ja'a nasrullahi wal fathu. When the help of Allāh comes, and the victory (110:2) sa. The Holy Prophet" used to recite the following prayer in every سُبْحَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَبِحَمْدِكَ اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْلِي subhanaka rabbana wabi hamdika allahummaghfirli. Holy are You, Our Lord, and all praise is Yours. O Allah, forgive me, (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabut Tafsir Surah: idha ja'a nasrullahi wal fathu) та sa. Hadrat ‘Abdullah bin Huḍair relates that the Holy Prophet recited from the pulpit 0 وَالسَّمَوتُ مَطْوِيتُ بِيَمِينِهِ ، سُبْحْنَهُ وَ تَعْلَى عَمَّا يُشْرِكُوْنَ ط wassamāwātu matwiyyatum bi yaminihi subḥānahū wa ta'ala 'amma yushrikūn "So will the Heavens be rolled up by His right Hand. Glory to Him and Exalted is. He above that which they associate with Him." (39:68) sa. Then the Holy Prophet" stated that God Almighty says: اَنَا الْجَبَّارُ ، اَنَا الْمُتَكَبِّرُ ، اَنَا الْمَلِكُ ، أَنَا الْمُتَعَالُ يُمَجِدُ نَفْسَه anal-jabbaru, anal-mutakabbiru, anal-maliku, yumajjidu nafsahū 308 anal-muta'alu

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa "I am the One Who has complete power to reform, I am the Exalted, I am the. Sovereign, I am the Most High. In this way, God Almighty states His Glory and. Grandeur." sa. The Holy Prophet kept repeating these words with such force until the pulpit and he himself shook so much that we became apprehensive lest he falls from the pulpit. (Musnad Ahmad, p 88/2). Miraculous Divine Help ra sa sa sa. During migration from Mecca to Medina when the Holy Prophet",. Hadrat Abu Bakr and the guide reached the camp of Umm Ma‘bad, they asked her for a little milk. She did not have milk at that time to give to them. Her husband had taken the goats out to pasture. Only those goats which were too weak to walk and unable to give milk were left behind.. The Holy Prophet asked Umm Ma'bad for permission to milk one of these goats. She said him to take any one he likes. The Holy Prophet picked one goat, said, 'In the name of Allah', and started to milk the goat.. Milk started to flow. The Holy Prophet gave the first bowl full of milk to. Umm Ma'bad, the second bowl to Hadrat Abu Bakr and the third bowl to the guide. He was the last to drink. Then the Holy Prophet milked the second goat and gave many bowls full of milk to Umm Ma'bad. When the husband of Umm Ma'bad returned home he was amazed to see so many bowls full of milk while he had left home only those goats which were too weak to walk and unable to give milk. ra sa ra sa sa. Hadrat Anas relates that Abū Talha said to his wife, O Umm. Sulaim: "From the weakness in the voice of the Holy Prophet I have perceived that he has been hungry for a long time. Do you have anything to eat? She said: 'Yes.' She brought out some barley bread. Then she took her headdress and wrapped the bread in a portion of it and concealed it 309

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa under my cloth. She made me wear (the rest of it and sent me off to the. Holy Prophet. I found the Holy Prophet" seated in the mosque with other people. I stood near them and the Holy Prophet" asked me: 'Have you been sent by Abū Ṭalḥa?' I said: 'Yes.' He asked: 'Did you bring a meal?' I said: 'Yes.' The Holy Prophet" said: 'Let us go. We will eat at Talḥa's place.". Then the Holy Prophet" along with his Companions" began to walk. I walked ahead of them and told Abū Ṭalḥa what had happened. He told. Umm Sulaim: 'The Holy Prophet" is coming with a large company and we do not have enough to feed them all.' She said: 'Allāh and His Messenger" know best.' Abū Ṭalḥa quickly went outside and met the Holy Prophet on sa sa sa sa. Sa the way and brought him in. The Holy Prophet" said: 'Bring whatever food you have, Umm Sulaim.' So she brought the pieces of bread. He asked them to break the bread into pieces and then Umm Sulaim squeezed the container of butter over them and made into morsels. Then the Holy. Prophet blessed it and said: 'Permit ten to come in.' I called in ten persons; they ate their fill and went out. Then the Holy Prophet said: 'Permit ten more to come in.' So ten more were called in who ate and went out. Then the Holy Prophet said: 'Permit ten more to come in.' This went on till everyone had eaten his fill. They were seventy or eighty in all. sa sa sa. According to another narration, then, the Holy Prophet and all the inhabitants of the house ate and still some food was left. ra (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Manāqib, Bāb alamätinnabuwwah fil Islam) ra. Hadrat Jabir bin 'Abdullah" relates that he used to borrow money from a Jew of Medina on the condition that he would repay it when the dates in his palm-tree orchard ripen. This orchard of Ḥadrat Jäbir bin 'Abdullah was located on the road leading to Rūmah. One year, the date crop was very poor and it seemed that he would not be able to repay the loan. When the time to pick the dates arrived, the Jew came to collect his money. However, Haḍrat Jābir bin ‘Abdullah" did not have money to repay his loan. Therefore, he asked for an extension of one year towards 310

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa ra sa ra ra repayment of his loan. The creditor refused to do so and insisted on immediate repayment of the loan. When the Holy Prophet" came to know about Ḥaḍrat Jābir bin 'Abdullāh's plight, he told his Companions", "Let us go and ask the Jew for an extension towards repayment of the loan.. Accordingly, the Holy Prophet along with few of his Companions" came to the orchard and talked with the Jew about extending the period of repayment of the loan. However, the Jew said, 'Abul Qāsim! I am not going to give an extension.' Noticing that the Jew would not accept his recommendation, the Holy Prophet" circled the orchard and asked the Jew to give an extension in the repayment of the loan. However, the Jew again refused. Hadrat Jabir bin 'Abdullāh relates that in the meantime, he brought fresh dates from the orchard and presented these to the Holy. Prophet*. The Holy Prophet ate the dates and said, 'Jäbir! Where is your hut? Make a bed for me in it.' He made a bed for the Holy Prophet" where he rested for a while. When he woke up, he presented him with more fresh dates. He ate a few of the dates and again talked with the Jew. However, the Jew again refused. Then, the Holy Prophet" made another round of the orchard and said, 'Jābir! Start picking dates and repay the loan.' He started to pick dates. During this period, the Holy Prophet" stayed in the hut. Jābir repaid all of the loan to the Jew and many dates were still left over. He told this to the Holy Prophet". He became very happy and said: sa sa sa sa أَشْهَدُ أَنِّي رَسُوْلُ الله ash-hadu anni rasūlullah. I bear witness that I am a Messenger of Allah' " (Sahih Bukhari, Kitābal Atʻamah, Bāb arraṭab wattamar) га. While travelling towards Tabuk for the expedition of Tabük, the. Holy Prophet" and his Companions" encamped at a place on the way.. There, the camel of the Holy Prophet* wandered away and was lost. The sa 311

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa ra sa sa. Companions searched the camel all around the encampment area. One person who was sharing the ride with Hadrat ‘Ammārah bin Hazam and was probably a newcomer to Islām said, "The Holy Prophet" claims to be a Messenger of Allāh and talks about heavens but he does not know where his camel is." Hadrat ‘Ammārah bin Ḥazam told the Holy Prophet what the new Muslim had said. The Holy Prophet said, "By Allāh! I do not know anything except what Allah tells me and Allāh has told me about my lost camel. My camel is in such and such area of such and such valley. The camel's rein is tangled in the branches of a tree and the camel is stuck there. So go and bring the camel to me." Accordingly, the Companions" went to the place told by the Holy Prophet" and brought back the camel.. Sa (As-Siratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Ghazwah Tabūk, Vol. 4, pp. 166-167;. Sirah Ibne Hisham, Urdu, Translated by '‘Abdul Jalil Siddiqi, Vol. 2, p. 628,. Ghazwah Tabük, I'tiqad Publishing House, Delhi, India, 1982). Revelations, Visions and Prophecies sa sa. It is apparent from the Holy Qur'an that some dreams and prophecies came true in the life of the Prophets while others were fulfilled after the passing of them. God Almighty had revealed to the Holy Prophet glad tidings and admonitions which are mentioned in the Holy Qur'ān.. Once, regarding a Divine manifestation scene by the Holy Prophet during. Kasuf Prayer he said, "Right here, at this moment, I have been shown by. God Almighty the future events which have been promised to you." To the extent that I have been shown hell and heaven. What the Holy Prophet saw during the manifestation he described was so vivid that seeing the blessings of the heaven he moved forward to fetch them while seeing the ferocity of the hell he moved back. sa. Some of the dreams, revelations and manifestations of the Holy. Prophet are briefly described here: sa 312

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa 1.. Marriage with Hadrat ‘Ai'shah ra sa sa га sa. God Almighty had beforehand revealed to the Holy. Prophet regarding his marriage with Hadrat ‘Ai'shah™.. Hadrat 'A'ishah relates that the Holy Prophet said to her, "You have been shown to me twice in my dream. I saw you pictured on a piece of silk and someone said to me, 'This is your wife.' When I uncovered the picture, I saw that it was yours. I said, 'If this is from Allah, it will be accomplished."" га (Sahih Bukhari, Kitab Fada'il Ashābannabī, Bāb tazwiijunnabi "Ai'shata" wa qudumihal madinata wa banā'ihi bihā). SA 2.. False. Claimants: Musailimah ibn (al-Kadhdhāb) and Aswad ‘Ansi та sa sa sa sa. Habib sa га. Hadrat Ibn 'Abbās" relates that Musailimah ibn Ḥabīb (al-Kadhdhāb) came to Medina while the Holy Prophet™ was alive and said: "I will obey Muhammad if he entrusts sovereignty to me when he passes away. Many people of his tribe were with him. One day, the Holy Prophet went to see him. Hadrat Thabit bin Qais bin Shammās" accompanied the Holy Prophet". The Holy Prophet" had a thin stick of a date tree in his hand. Musailimah was sitting in the company of his people. The Holy Prophet" told him: 'If you ask for this thin stick, I will not give even this to you. You will not escape God's judgement. If you move backward, God will hamstring you. I have been shown many things concerning your end. Thābit will answer your questions.' Then the Holy Prophet left. Hadrat Ibn 'Abbās' relates that he asked Hadrat Abu Hurairah what was meant sa sa га sa ra by the comment of the Holy Prophet" that I have been 313

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314 sa 3.. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa shown a lot of things concerning your end? Hadrat Abū. Hurairah told him that the Holy Prophet had told him his ra sa sa dream.' The Holy Prophet said: 'Once I was asleep and I saw in a dream that I had two gold bracelets in my hand. I became a bit worried about these. In the dream, I was told to blow air on the bracelets. When I blew air on the bracelets, the bracelets disappeared. I interpreted the dream as: After I pass away, there will be two false claimants and liars who will revolt.' " So, the narrator explains that later on, it became clear that one of them was (Aswad) ‘Ansī, who revolted in Ṣan'a' (Yemen) and the second one was. Musailimah (al-Kadhdhab), who laid the foundation for the revolt in Yamamah. sa (Sahih Muslim, Kitabar Ru'ya, Bab ar-Ru'ya annabi; Sahih Bukhari). Death of Aswad ‘Ansi ra sa. Hadrat 'Amr bin 'Abdullah" relates, "God Almighty had informed the Holy Prophet. Prophet" the night before the assassination of Aswad 'Ansi (the false claimant of the prophethood) about his death. In the morning, the Holy. Prophet told them that Aswad ‘Ansi had been killed by a blessed man. Someone asked the Holy Prophet", 'Who is the person who has killed Aswad ‘Ansi. The Holy Prophet said, 'His name is Firozban Firoz.'" sa sa sa (Kanzul 'Ummāl) 4.. Death of Quraish Leaders of Mecca in the Battle of Badr sa. God Almighty had shown to the Holy Prophet in a vision

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5.. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa before the Battle of Badr the death of the Quraish leaders. In ra this regard, Haḍrat Anas" relates, "I was travelling with. Hadrat 'Umar" and we were in the middle of Mecca and га. Medina when Hadrat ‘Umar" told me, 'One day before the sa. Battle of Badr the Holy Prophet" while pinpointing the place of death of the Quraish leaders told him that so and so leader of the Quraish will fall at such and such place during the Battle.' Hadrat 'Umar" then stated, 'The bodies of the leaders of the Quraish were found exactly at the places which were pinpointed by the Holy Prophet"."" га ra sa sa. Hadrat 'Umar said to the Holy Prophet", "O. Messeger of Allah! By God Who has sent you with the. Truth, the bodies were found exactly at the places you had pinpointed without the slightest mistake." sa (Sahih Bukhari, Kitābul Jihad, Bāb mã qīla fi dar‘ annabī ). Prophecy Regarding the Death of Chosroes. Pervaiz, the King of Persia sa да sa. Chosroes Pervaiz, the king of Persia had ordered Bādhān, the Governer of Yemen to imprison the Holy Prophet and present to him in his court. Bādhān sent his two emissaries to the Holy Prophet" with Chosroes' orders. The Holy. Prophet told them to wait for a short while for his response. After a couple of days the Holy Prophet" told the emissaries of the Governor of Yemen to go back as his Lord has revealed to him that He has killed their lord. When the representatives of the Governor of Yemen returned to him they received the news that Sherawiyyah had assassinated his father Chosroes Pervaiz. 315

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa 6.. Chosroes' Bracelets and Surāqah bin Mālik 316 sa sa sa. Surāqah bin Mālik followed the Holy Prophet with the intention of arresting or killing him and getting the reward which was fixed by the infidels of Mecca for doing so.. When he failed to do so he told to the Holy Prophet" the intentions of his people and wished to offer the Holy. Prophet some provisions for the journey and other things.. The Holy Prophet" did not accept his offer. Then he requested the Holy Prophet" to give an undertaking of peace and protection for him in writing. The Holy Prophet told ‘Āmir bin Fuhairah to do so. He wrote a guarantee on a piece of leather. When Surāqah bin Mālik was leaving the. Holy Prophet said, "Surāqah! How would you feel when the bracelets of the king of Persia will be given to you to wear. Suräqah said, 'Chosroes Pervaiz, the King of Persia.'. The Holy Prophet" said, 'Yes, the bracelets of Chosroes. Pervaiz,'" sa sa sa. After the conquest of Mecca, Surāqah bin Malik accepted. Islām in Ji'rānah. When during the Khilafat of Ḥadrat "Umar the bracelets of Chosroes were presented to Hadrat ra ra 'Umar in his court, he called Surāqah bin Mālik and told him to bring forward his hands. Then he gave Suräqah bin. Mālik the bracelets to wear which he did. (As-Siratul Halabiyyah, Vol. 2, p.45, Published in Beirut, Lebanon) 1.. The Prophecy Regarding Sea Conquests га sa. Hadrat Anas relates that the Holy Prophet" used to visit the house of Hadrat Umm Harām bint Milhän. She was the ra ra wife of Hadrat 'Ubādah bin Ṣāmat. The Holy Prophet* once

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa $8 ra visited Hadrat Umm Ḥarām" who presented food to him.. Hadrat Umm Ḥarām" began massaging the head of the Holy sa sa sa ra. Prophet gently and he went to sleep. After a little while, he woke up smiling. Hadrat Umm Ḥarām" asked the Holy. Prophet": "Messenger of Allāh! Why are you smiling?. The Holy Prophet said: 'In my dream I have seen some of my followers who have left to fight in the way of Allāh.. Sitting on the wooden planks after boarding the ships, they looked like kings on thrones.' Hadrat Umm Harām said: 'Messenger of Allāh! Invoke Allāh that He includes me among these people.' So the Holy Prophet" prayed for her and went to sleep again. Again he woke up and was smiling.. Hadrat Umm Haram asked the Holy Prophet: 'Messenger ra sa га sa sa sa sa ra sa sa of Allah! Why are you smiling?" The Holy Prophet said, 'I have again seen some warriors of mine who were going on a sea expedition, repeating the same dream.' Hadrat Umm Ḥarām" besought: 'Messenger of Allāh! Pray that God may include me among these conquerers.' The Holy Prophet said, 'You will be included in the first group.'" Thus, during the rule of Hadrat Amir Mu'awiyah bin Abū Sufyan", after disembarking from the ship, Hadrat Umm Harām" entered the island and while riding on a camel she fell and passed away there. га (Sahih Bukhari, Kitab at-Ta‘bīr, Bab Ru'ya' binnahār) 8.. Prophecy Regarding the Glory of Islām. During the digging of the trenches in the Battle of Ahzab sa when the Holy Prophet struck the big solid rock with his pick-axe, there appeared three times a bright flash of light and each time the Holy Prophet said, "Allahu Akbar" in a 317

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa sa loud voice. The Companions" asked the Holy Prophet about the significance of the light and why he said "Alſahu. Akbar" each time there was the light. The Holy Prophet smiled and told them, "I struck the rock three times with the pick-axe, and three times I saw the scenes of the future glory of Islam. In the first spark I saw the Syrian palaces of the Roman Empire. I had the keys of those palaces given to me. The second time, I saw the palaces of Persia and. Mada'in, and had the keys of Persian Empire given to me.. The third time, I saw the gates of San'a and I had the keys of the kingdom of Yemen given to me. These are the promises of Allāh.. The conquest of these great empires started during the. Khilafat of Hadrat Abu Bakr when Hadrat Khalid bin ra га ra. Walid and Hadrat Abū ‘Ubaidah conquered Syria.. However, the prophecy was completely fulfilled in the. Khilafat of Hadrat 'Umar" when Hadrat Sa'd bin abī. Waqas conquered Iran. Thus within a short period of time two great kingdoms, Rome and Persia, surrendered to. Muslims. га (Sahih Bukhari, Kitab at-Ta'bir, Bab Ru'ya allail). Acceptance of His Prayers. It has always been the case with the Prophets that despite the fact that they are given prophecies and they have very strong faith in the promises given by God, they do not abandon praying to Him (for their success). They do so because they believe that God has power to do whatever He likes - and none can grasp His ways and it is disrespectful for one not to pray to Him. 318. History tells us that when the Battle of Badr was raging and the

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa sa sa sa га ra. Holy Prophet was busy praying to God (for victory), Ḥaḍrat Abū Bakr requested him to stop praying, for he had already been promised victory by God. But the Holy Prophet continued praying. Some people have opined that it could not be said that the faith of Hadrat Abu Bakr was stronger than that of the Holy Prophet"; the Ma'rifat (God-realization) of the Holy Prophet" was much greater and the more a man realizes what the situation is, the more he fears. The Ma'rifat (God-realization), of the Holy. Prophet made him fear that God has the power to do whatever He likes.. One should, therefore, in no case, abandon praying to God. sa sa (Malfuzat, Vol. 3, p 267, London Edition, 1984) sa sa. The life of the Holy Prophet" was full of incidents where his prayers were accepted. Sometimes, his prayers were accepted by God. Almighty as soon as he finished praying or while he was praying. Earlier it is mentioned how God Almighty accepted the prayer of the Holy Prophet and helped against the enemies in various battles and also God Almighty accepted the prayer of the Holy Prophet and guided Hadrat ‘Umar towards Islām. A few more examples of the acceptance of the prayers of the Holy Prophet are described here: sa sa sa sa ra 'Utbah and Mu'attab were the sons of Abū Lahab bin 'Abdul. Muttalib and thus cousins of the Holy Prophet". The Holy Prophet had an intense desire that both of his cousins accept Islām. Thus, the Holy. Prophet told Hadrat ‘Abbās" to convey the message of Islām to ‘Utbah and Mu'attab. Hadrat 'Abbas" conveyed the message of Islām to them and sa ra га га sa both of them accepted Islām. Ḥadrat 'Abbas" brought both 'Utbah and. Mu'attab to the Holy Prophet". The Holy Prophet" was very happy upon their acceptance of Islam. The Holy Prophet brought both of them to. Multazim in the Ka'bah and prayed for them. The Holy Prophet" said, "I had asked God Almighty for both of the brothers and God Almighty has given both of them to me." 319

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa ra sa sa sa. Hadrat Shuraḥbil bin Şimt relates that he said to Ka'b bin Murra, "O Ka‘b bin Murra, relate to us some Hadith of the Holy Prophet"." He said that a man came to the Holy Prophet and said, "O Messenger" of. Allāh! Pray to Allāh for rain." Thereupon the Holy Prophet raised both his hands and prayed the following: sa اللَّهُمَّ اسْقِنَا غَيْنَا مَرِيئًا مَرِيعًا طَبَقًا عَاجِلا غَيْرَ رَائِبٍ ، نَافِعًا غَيْرَ ضَارٌ عَاجِلاً allahummasqinā ghaithan mari'an mari'an tabaqan ajilan ghaira ra'ithin nafi'an ghaira darrin ajilan. O Allāh, give us rain that is wholesome and productive, filling all spaces soon, without delay that is profitable and not harmful. sa sa. He said, "Then they came and complained to the Holy Prophet of (excessive) raining and said, 'O Allah's Messenger"! The houses have been demolished.' Thereupon the Holy Prophet" prayed the following and the clouds began to disperse: اللهُمَّ حَوَالَيْنَا وَلَا عَلَيْنَا allahumma havālainā wala ‘alainā. O Allah, let rain fall on our surroundings and not on us. 320 " (Sunan Ibni Majah, Kitab Iqamatis-Safati wassunnati fiha, Bab maja'a fiddu'a'i fil istisqā'i). Once, during a battle, there was an extreme shortage of water and

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa ra. Sa. Muslims were very thirsty. Hadrat 'Umar" requested the Holy Prophet* to pray for rain. The Holy Prophet raised his hands and started praying.. Suddenly, a cloud appeared and it rained so much that all the water needs. of the Muslims were fulfilled and then the cloud disappered. (Al-Shifa Ba-ta'rif Ḥaqüqul Mustafa, lil-Qadı ‘Ayad, Vol. 1, p. 457, As quoted by Baihaqi) sa ra. Hadrat Abu Hurairah had accepted Islam at the time when the. Holy Prophet was returning to Medina after the fall of Khaibar. He belonged to the Bani Daus tribe. His original name was "Abd Shams" and the Holy Prophet* had changed his name to 'Abdullāh. His family name was Abu Hurairah. The reason for giving him the name of Abu Hurairah was that he had a cat as a pet whom he carried around all the time. ra sa ra. Hadrat Abu Hurairah's" mother did not accept Islām and was a staunch enemy of Islam. Hadrat Abu Hurairah" urged her to accept Islām but she refused and abused the Holy Prophet. Hadrat Abū Hurairah" was very much saddened because of his mother's attitude. He went to the Holy. Prophet and told him about the attitude of his mother. The Holy Prophet* said: sa اللَّهُمَّ اهْدِ أُمِّ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ allahummahdi Ummi Abì Hurairah. O Allah! Guide Abū Hurairah's mother ra sa. The Holy Prophet's" prayer was accepted in a strange way. When. Hadrat Abu Hurairah returned home he found a big change in his mother.. Her attitude toward Islām was totally changed and she was openly announcing her acceptance of Islām. Hadrat Abu Hurairah" immediately га 321

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa went back to the Holy Prophet" and told him the whole incident and requested the Holy Prophet to pray that God Almighty create love for him and his mother in the hearts of the believers. The Holy Prophet prayed for that also. sa (Al-Asabah fi Ma‘rafatus Sahaba, See Undur Abū Hurairah, Vol. 4, p. 243,. Published in Egypt) ra га sa sa. Once Ḥadrat Abu Hurairah said to the Holy Prophet": "After listening to what you say, I forget everything quickly. Please pray for me that my memory is sharpened." The Holy Prophet" told Hadrat Abū. Hurairah to spread his sheet which he was using to cover himself. Ḥadrat. Abu Hurairah complied and spread his sheet. The Holy Prophet" prayed over the sheet and told Hadrat Abu Hurairah" to cover himself with the sheet. Hadrat Abu Hurairah relates that since then his memory was so sharp that he did not forget any Ḥadith. ra ra ra sa ra (Jami' Tirmidhi, Abwabul Manaqib, Manaqib Abi Hurairah ) sa. This is acceptance of the prayer of the Holy Prophet" that although. Hadrat Abu Hurairah" accepted Islām quite late (in 7 AH) still the traditions related by him are more than those related by some who accepted. Islām much earlier than him.. Ta (Jami' Tirmidhi, Kitabul Manaqib, Bāb manāqib Abū Hurairah ) rh. According to Hadrat Ibn Hazam" there are 5,374 traditions narrated by Hadrat Abu Hurairah™. ra (Abu Hurairah p. 124, By Mahmud Abū Zayya, Published by Mu'ssatul 'ilmi lil. Matbu 'ati Beirut, Lebanon) ra. Hadrat Anas was twelve years old when his parents presented him to the Holy Prophet" as his personal servant. Once, Ḥaḍrat Anas" mother, 322

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa та sa sa. Hadrat Umm Sulaim" came to the Holy Prophet and requested him to pray for Anas. The Holy Prophet" prayed that God Almighty may enlarge his provisions and bless his progeny. (Sahih Bukhari, Kitābud Da'wāt, Bāb ad-Du'a'i bi kathratil mäli wal waladi ma'al barakati) ra sa. Hadrat Anas himself relates that God Almighty accepted the prayer of the Holy Prophet" which he prayed for him and fulfilled it beautifully. "My garden produced fruit twice a year and I had more than eighty sons, daughters and grandchildren." Hadrat Anas was around 103-110 years old when he passed away. ra (Usud al-Ghabah, Vol. 1, p. 128, Published in Beirut, Lebanon) sa га га. The Holy Prophet" prayed for Hadrat Fatimah that she never suffer from hunger. Hadrat Fatimah™ later said that she never suffered from hunger. (Khasa'iş Al-Kubrā, Jalaluddin Al-Suyūņi, (Urdu) Vol. II, p. 276, Printed in. Lahore, Pakistan) sa. The Holy Prophet" prayed for blessings in Hadrat 'Abdullah bin. Ja'far's business. As a result of the prayer, whatever Hadrat ‘Abdullāh bin Ja'far bought he made profit out of it. (Khasa'is Al-Kubrā, Jalaluddin Al-Suyūṭī, (Urdu) Vol. II, p. 290, Printed in. Lahore, Pakistan) sa sa ra. The Holy Prophet had prayed for the acceptance of the prayers of. Hadrat Sa'd bin Abi Waqqās". God Almighty accepted the prayer of the. Holy Prophet which is apparent from this tradition. The following tradition shows how beautifully the prayer of Ḥadrat Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas was accepted by God Almighty: га 323

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa 6 sa га. Hadrat Jabir bin Samurah" relates that the people of Kūfā complained against Ḥadrat Sa'd bin Abi Waqqās to Hadrat 'Umar. Ḥadrat 'Umar dismissed Hadrat Sa'd and appointed Hadrat ‘Ammar as governor of Kūfā. Their complaint was that he could not even lead the Prayer properly. Thus, Hadrat 'Umar sent for Hadrat Sa'd to Medina and said to him: "O Abū Isḥāq! They think that you cannot lead the Prayer properly.. Hadrat Sa'd replied: 'O Leader of the Believers! I conducted the Prayer services as did the Holy Prophet", without any change (i.e., no decrease or increase). For instance, in the Isha' Prayer I made the first two rak‘at long and the last two rak'at short.' Hadrat ‘Umar said: 'This is what I thought about you.' Then, he sent some men with Hadrat Sa'd to Küfā to inquire about him. They made an inquiry about the complaints in each mosque in. Kūfā. All praised Ḥaḍrat Sa'd; but amongst the gathering in the mosque of. Bani 'Abs, a man whose name was Usamah bin Qatadah stood up and said: 'Now that we have been placed under the oath, I am compelled to tell that. Hadrat Sa'd did not lead the expeditions, did not distribute the spoils equitably and did not judge justly.' On this Hadrat Sa'd said: 'I shall make three supplications concerning him: O my Allāh! If this servant of Thine is a liar and has stood up to show off, then do Thou prolong his life and lengthen his adversity and afflict him with trials.,' God Almighty did the same. Thereafter when the man was very old whenever someone asked about his condition he would say: 'I am an old man, afflicted with different trials, and people laugh at me. I am certainly overtaken by the imprecation of Sa'd.' Hadrat Jabir bin Samurah" who is a narrator of the incident relates: 'I saw this unfortunate man when due to old age his eyebrows fell over his eyes and he roamed the streets teasing the girls and they teased him.'" ra (Sahih Bukhari, Kitab as-Salat, Bāb wajūb qiratal īmām) sa. Once, the Holy Prophet" was offering Prayer in the Ka'bah and a few chiefs of the Quraish were also sitting there. Abū Jahl asked if there was anyone courageous enough to bring the womb of a camel and place it on top of the Holy Prophet" while he is prostrating. 'Aqba bin Abi Mu'iṭ got up and brought a womb of a camel which was full of blood and filth 324

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa ra and placed it on the back of the Holy Prophet" while he was in prostration.. Seeing this everyone started to laugh out aloud. When Hadrat Fatimah* came to know about it she ran to the Ka'bah and removed that womb from the Holy Prophet". Then the Holy Prophet" raised his head from the prostration position. It is stated that at this time the Holy Prophet pronounced the names of those who were bent upon erasing the religion of. Islām and prayed for their destruction. It so happened that all of them were killed in the Battle of Badr.. Sa (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Maghazi, Bab du'annabi 'ala kuffari Quraish) sa. Love of the Holy Qur'an га Ḥaḍrat Ibn Mas'ud relates: The Holy Prophet" asked me to recite sa sa the Qur'an to him. I said: "Messenger of Allah, shall I recite the Qur'an to you, whereas it is you to whom it has been revealed? He said: 'I like to hear it recited by another.' So I recited to him a portion from Surah. Al-Nisa' till I came to the verse: فَكَيْفَ إِذَا جِئْنَا مِنْ كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ بِشَهِيْدٍ وَ جِئْنَابِكَ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ شَهِيدًا لَّ fakaifa idha ji'nā min kulli ummatim bi shahīdiñwwa ji'na bika ‘ala ha 'ula'ai shahida. And how will it fare with them when We shall bring a witness from every people, and shall bring you as a witness against these! (4:42)' sa. Upon this the Holy Prophet said: 'That is enough for now.' "I looked at him and saw that his eyes were running. (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabut Tafsir, Bāb qauluhu ‘azza wa jalla "fakaifa idha ji'na min kulli ummatin bi-shahid") 325

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa 58. His Worship and Love for Prayers sa. According to the traditions, the Holy Prophet" used to begin his day with Tahajjud Prayer. Before performing Wudu' for the Tahajjud. Prayer he used to clean his teeth with a Miswak (a softened twig of a tree used for cleaning the teeth). He used to offer Tahajjud Prayer beautifully and for a long duration, in which he used to recite a large portion of the. Holy Qur'an. He used to stand so long while offering Tahajjud Prayers that often his feet used to swell. After offering the Tahajjud Prayer he used to lie down to rest for a short period of time. During this time he often used to converse with the family members who were awake. Upon hearing the voice of Hadrat Bilal calling Adhan, he would get up and offer two. Sunnah, which were rather short. Then he would go to Masjid Nabawi to lead the Fajr Prayer. If due to illness he was unable to offer the Tahajjud. Prayer he would compensate it by offering Nawafil during the day time. ra (Sahih Bukhari, Kitābut Tahajjud). Hadrat ‘Ā'ishah™ relates: "The Holy Prophet" stood so long during sa his voluntary Prayers at a night that the skin of his feet would crack, so I said to him: 'Messenger of Allah, why do you stand so long in Prayer when Allāh has suppressed in you all past and future inclination towards sin?' He answered: 'Then should I be a grateful servant of Allāh."" sa (Sahih Bukhari, Kitābut Tafsir Surah Al-Fath). The Holy Prophet" used to wait anxiously for the Prayer time. His mind was always thinking of the mosque and the Prayers. He used to say to Hadrat Bilal™: يَا بِلالُ أَرِحْنَا بِالصَّلوة 326 ya bilalu a-rihna bissalati

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa. O Bilāl! Make me happy by informing me about the Prayer sa га (Musnad Aḥmad bin Ḥanbal, Vol. 1, Hadith # 364). Hadrat 'A'ishah relates: "During the last ten days of Ramaḍan, the. Holy Prophet would liven the whole night (i.e., he would keep himself and his family members awake the whole night). He girded up his loins and devoted himself entirely (to offering Prayers and supplication). (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabuș Șaum, Babul ‘aml fil ‘ashril awakhir min Ramadan; Sahiḥ. Muslim, Kitabus Saum, Babul ijtihad fil ‘ashril awakhir min shahri Ramadan) ra sa. Hadrat A'ishah relates that the Holy Prophet", in the month of. Ramadan and in other months, did not offer more than eleven rak‘at Nafl. Prayer (in the late hours of the night at Tahajjud time). He offered four rak'at. Ask me not how beautiful and for how long he offered these. Then, he offered four rakʻat more. Ask me not how beautiful and for how long he offered these. After that, he would offer three rak'at. Hadrat 'A'ishah' relates that she asked the Holy Prophet": "Do you take a nap before offering the Vitr Prayer? He said: 'O 'A'ishah! My eyes go to sleep but my mind does not.' " sa ra (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabusṣaum, Bāb faḍl man qama Ramadan). Hadrat Mutarraf relates that his father told him that he had seen sa the Holy Prophet offer Prayers. Due to pleading and lamenting during. Prayers, his chest sounded like a grinding mill. (Sunan Abu Dawūd, Kitabussalat, Bab al-baka' fissalat, p. 238/1) га. Hadrat ‘A'ishah relates that during the illness that ultimately led to sa sa the demise of the Holy Prophet", there was a period when the Holy. Prophet felt better. It was time for Prayer. The Holy Prophet" told her to send a message to Ḥaḍrat Abu Bakr" to lead the Prayer. She sent the message to Hadrat Abu Bakr that the Holy Prophet" wanted him to lead га га sa 327

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa га the Prayer. Hadrat Abū Bakr™ replied: "I am an old man with a very tender-heart. It will not be possible for me to control my emotions when the Holy Prophet" is unable to lead the Prayer. Therefore, both you and. Hafsah may request the Holy Prophet" to send the message to 'Umar”. ra 1 sa ra antunna sawahibu) أَنْتُنَّ وَاحِبُ يُوْسُفَ ' :The Holy Prophet replied sa. Yusufa) Both of you are like the women who conspired against Yusuf. Tell. Abu Bakr to lead the Prayer.' When the Holy Prophet heard the. Mu‘edhdhin say (hayya ‘alassalah, Come to Prayer), he ✓ عَلَى الصَّلوة sa ra sa ra sa told some people to help him stand. At this, Hadrat ‘A'ishah said: 'You have already told Abū Bakr to lead the Prayer and you also have an excuse (sickness). The Holy Prophet said: 'Help me stand up. My tranquility is in. Prayer.' Thus, two men helped the Holy Prophet" stand while his feet stumbled on the ground. When Abu Bakr realized that the Holy Prophet* was coming for the Prayer he started to move back. The Holy Prophet indicated to Abū Bakr to stay at his place and he himself sat on his left side. Abu Bakr repeated the Takbir after it was pronounced by the Holy. Prophet. The other people offering the Prayer followed the Takbir of Abū. Bakr and in this way completed their Prayer. This was the last Prayer offered by the people standing behind the Holy Prophet. After this, Ḥadrat. Abu Bakr led the Prayers during the illness of the Holy Prophet till he passed away.' га sa ra 1 11 га sa. S& (Musnad Imamul A‘zam, Kitabaṣṣalat, p. 80). Thankfulness for Divine Bounties га ra sa. Hadrat Abu Hurairah" relates: "One day the Holy Prophet" came out either at day time or at night and saw Hadrat Abu Bakr and Hadrat 'Umar. He asked them: "What has brought you out of your houses at this 328 ra

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa ra sa sa sa time? They said: 'Hunger, O Messenger of Allah'. He affirmed: 'By Allāh, in Whose Hands is my life, the same cause has brought me out that has brought both of you out; so come along.' So both of them accompanied him and they went to the house of one of the Anșăr. However, he was not at home. When his wife saw the Holy Prophet", she welcomed him. He asked her: 'Where is So and So?' She said: 'He has gone to fetch water.' In the meantime, the Ansari came back. Seeing the Holy Prophet and his two. Companions", he said: 'Alhamdulillah (Praise be to Allāh). There is no one who has more honored guests today than I have.' He then went out and brought a branch of a date tree bearing ripe and semi-ripe dates and invited them to eat. He then took up a knife and the Holy Prophet said to him: 'Do not slaughter a goat that is yielding milk.' So he slaughtered another goat for them and they ate and drank. When they had their fill and were refreshed, the Holy Prophet" said to his two Companions": "By Him in. Whose Hands is my life, you will be called to account for these bounties on the Day of Judgment. Hunger drove you out of your homes and you did not return till you had enjoyed these bounties. sa ra sa (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Ashribah, Bab jawaz istatba'ah ghairih iſa dar man yashaqqa bi rada bi dhālik). Truthfulness. The Holy Prophet" had lived among his people for forty years before he was commissioned by God as a Prophet. Even the several critics of his character cannot put a finger on any blemish in his life up to that age. There is no disagreement among historians regarding this fact. As such the Holy Qur'an challenged those who rejected him by saying: فَقَدْ لَبِثْتُ فِيْكُم عُمُرًا مِّنْ قَبْلِهِ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُوْنَ ) faqad labithtu fikum ‘umurammin qablihi afala ta‘qilun 329

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. I have indeed lived among you a whole lifetime before this. Will you not then understand! (10:17). Do you not see that a man who lived for forty years of blameless life suddenly cannot turn into the most wanton man on earth. He, who never told a lie against his fellow beings, how could he dare speak lies about his Creator, the God he loved so much. (The Seal of Prophets: His Personality and Character, Islam International. Publications Ltd., pp.12-13, Printed in USA, 2007). Once Abū Jahl said to the Holy Prophet": اِنَّا لَا تُكَذِّبُكَ وَلكِنْ تُكَذِّبُ بِمَا جِئْتَ بِهِ inna la nukadhdhibuka wa lakin nukadhdhibu bimā ji'ta bihī. We do not belie you but we belie that which you have brought. (Jami‘ Tirmidhi, Kitabut Tafsir, Abwābu Tafsirul Qur'an, Wa min Sūrah al-An‘am) sa sa. The Holy Prophet" was himself so rigid in his standards of truthfulness that he was known among his people as "The Trustworthy" and "The Truthful". Through centuries of Arab history we find that it was only in the case of the Holy Prophet of Islam" that his people conferred the titles of "The Trustworthy" and "The Truthful". This proves that the Holy. Prophet possessed these qualities in so eminent a degree, that within the knowledge and the memory of his people no other individual could be regarded as his equal in these respects. sa. He was equally anxious that Muslims should adopt the same standards of truth as were observed by himself. He regarded truth as the basis of all virtue, goodness and right conduct. He taught that a truthful person is one who is so confirmed in truth that he is counted as truthful by. God. 330

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Excellences in Dealing with Others га sa. Hadrat Jabir bin 'Abdullah" relates that the Holy Prophet said: "When you weigh something to give to someone, give a little extra." (Ibni Majah, Abwäbuttijarāt, Baburruijḥan filwazn) га. Hadrat Qailah Umm Bani Anmār" relates that at the occasion of sa sa one ‘Umra, she met the Holy Prophet" at Marwah (a hill, the other is called. Safa). She told the Holy Prophet" that she was a businesswoman. Her way of doing business was to at first bid a price that was very low. She would slowly raise the price and when it reached the price at which she wanted to purchase, she purchased the goods. Similarly, when she sold an item, at first she would quote a very high price, then slowly lower the price. When it reached the price at which she wanted to sell, she sold the goods.. Hearing this, the Holy Prophet said: "O Qailah! Do not do business like this. Instead, you should fix the price. Tell the price at which you want to purchase the goods. If he wants to sell at that price he can or if he does not then he need not. Similarly, when selling an item, tell them the actual price. If anyone wants to buy at that price, he can do so or leave it.". Sa. Devotion Towards Moral. Muslims sa. Ia. Training of the sa sa. Hadrat Abu Hurairah relates that once while the Holy Prophet was sitting in the Mosque, a man came and offered his Prayer. Then he came up to the Holy Prophet and greeted him. The Holy Prophet returned his greeting and said: "Go back and repeat your Ṣalat for you have not performed it properly. He went back, performed the Salat and came up to the Holy Prophet" and greeted him. This happened three times. Then the person said: 'By God Who has sent you with the Truth! I cannot perform. Prayer better than this. Therefore, tell me the correct way to perform 331

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa. Prayer.' At this, the Holy Prophet said: "When you stand for Prayer, first say Takbir, then recite the Holy Qur'ān as much as you can, then with full composure go into ruku', then stand up straight, then prostrate with full composure, then get up from prostration and sit completely, then do the second prostration. Perform all of the Prayer like this, slowly and correctly." " (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Adhan, Bab wajub Ibrāh lil Imam ajma'u fi Salat Kulthūm) га sa. Hadrat Mālik bin Huwairith relates: "We were a group of young men of about the same age who came to the Holy Prophet", and we stayed with him for twenty days. He was a most kind and considerate person. He perceived that we were eager to return to our families. He inquired from us about those we had left behind, and we told him. Then he said: 'Now return to your families and stay with them, and teach them and ask them to act upon these, and establish Ṣalat the way you have seen me offer the Ṣalat.. At the time of the Salat, one of you should call the Adhan and the oldest of you should lead the Prayer."" га (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Adhan,Bābul adhān lil musafir) га sa. Hadrat Anas" relates that some Companions" of the Holy Prophet pledged to forsake the world. One said, "I shall never marry. Another declared, 'I shall always spend the entire night in Prayer and not sleep.'. Another announced, 'I shall observe fast every day continuously without breaking the fast.' The Holy Prophet" came to know of this, and said: 'What kind of people are these who say such things? I keep fast and break it, I offer Prayers and sleep too, and I also marry women. He who turns away from my practice is not from me.' ra sa. I " (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabun Nikah, Bab targhīb finnikäh). Hadrat Ali relates that owing to the use of a grinding mill, ra. Fatimah had developed calluses on her hands. In those days, few servants were brought to the Holy Prophet". Fatimah" went to see the Holy 332

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa ra та га sa га. Prophet. However, she was not able to see him. She saw Hadrat ‘Ä'ishah' and told her the reason for her visit. When the Holy Prophet came out, Ḥadrat 'A'ishah told him about Fāṭimah's visit. Ḥaḍrat ‘Ali" relates that after this, the Holy Prophet" visited them. They were lying down on their beds. Seeing the Holy Prophet", they began to get up from the their beds.. The Holy Prophet" told them not to arise and sat between them so close that Hadrat 'Ali felt the coldness of the feet of the Holy Prophet" on his га sa sa sa chest. Then the Holy Prophet said: "Should I not tell you something which is better than what you seek? At night when you go to bed, repeat: thirty-four times (Allahu akbar), thirty-three times (Subhanallah), and thirty-three times (Alhamdu lillah). This is better for you than a servant." (Sahih Muslim, Kitabudhdhikr, Bāb at-Tasbiḥ awwalannaḥar wa‘indannaum) ra sa. Hadrat Anas relates that the Holy Prophet" passed by a woman who was crying over a grave. He said to her: "Be mindful of thy duty to. Allah and be steadfast. She retorted, 'Leave me alone; you have not been afflicted as I have been.' She had not known who he was. Someone told her, 'That was the Holy Prophet". She proceeded to the door of the Holy. Prophet and not finding any doorman went in and said to him, 'I had not recognized you.' He said, 'True steadfastness is to be resigned at the beginning of the grief. ' sa " " sa ra (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Janā'iz, Bāb ziyaratul qabuř). Hadrat Abu Hurairah relates that he had seen no one consult his ra. Companions more than the Holy Prophet". (Jami' Tirmidhi, Abwab Fada'ilul Jihad, Bab mä ja' fil mashwarah). Justice and Fair Dealings sa. The Holy Prophet was a man of strict and absolute justice. 333

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa. Sa. However, in him we see this complemented with a balanced sense of perfect kindness. In the Battle of Badr, one of the Holy Prophet's™ uncles, while fighting on the side of the idolators, was arrested by the Muslims.. Along with the other prisoners, his hands and feet were bound against posts in the mosque. In those days there were no prisons. Someone had tied these men rather harshly. The Holy Prophet", whose home was adjacent to the mosque, could not sleep that night. It is reported that he was restless and kept turning in the bed. His Companions" noticed and asked him what was causing him distress. He told them that he could hear the groaning of his uncle 'Abbās from the mosque. Someone then went and loosened the ties of 'Abbās. After a while the Holy Prophet" no longer heard any moaning, but he became worried and inquired as to why the sounds had stopped. Somebody said that the ties of 'Abbās had been loosened. He said: "If you have done this to ‘Abbās, then do it to every prisoner." This was how his justice supplemented his kindness. sa. The Arabs were greatly given to favoritism and applied different standards to different persons. Even among the so-called civilized nations of today, one observes a reluctance to bring prominent persons or those occupying high positions or offices to account for their doings, though the law is enforced rigorously against the common citizen. The Holy Prophet was, however, unique in enforcing uniform standards of justice and fair dealing. sa sa. On one occasion a case came before the Holy Prophet" in which a young woman belonging to a highly respectable family was found to have committed theft. This caused great consternation as, if the normal penalty were imposed upon the young woman, a leading family would be humiliated and disgraced. Many were anxious to intercede with the. Prophet on behalf of the offender but were afraid to do so. Eventually. Usāmah bin Zaid" who was much loved by the Holy Prophet" was prevailed upon to undertake the mission. So Usāma spoke to the Holy. Prophet and the Holy Prophet" said to him: "Do you seek to intercede in the matter of the penalties prescribed by Allāh the Exalted?' Then he stood up and made an address in which he said: 'Those who were before you 334 sa sa

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa were ruined because they would excuse a high-placed one if he committed theft and would exact the prescribed penalty from a poor one who stole. I call Allāh to witness that were Fāṭimah, daughter of Muḥammad", to steal,. I would cut off her hand." sa (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Hadud, Bab qata'assariq ashsharif wa ghairih; Sahih. Bukhari, Kitab Fada'il Ashabunnabi, Bab Dhikri Usama bin Zaid") sa sa sa ra ra. The Holy Prophet once owed money to a Jew. The Jew thought it was overdue, whereas it was not so. He confronted him and demanded his money using very harsh words, and charged that all the Quraish were one lot of bad debtors who never honored their promises. He had not only insulted the Holy Prophet but also his tribe. Hadrat ‘Umar", who was also present, became extremely incensed and his hand went for his sword. The. Holy Prophet stopped ‘Umar, who had now used some abusive words against the Jew and was perhaps about to strike him, and said: "Umar, you should have behaved differently. First, you should have told me to be mindful of the contract and pay on time; then you should have told him to be kind in his demands and merciful to his debtors." Then he turned to another of his Companions" and said: 'Still there are three days. I know the limit is not yet crossed, but pay him whatever I owe and add some more because of the harsh attitude of 'Umar.' га " ". This was his behavior when openly insulted in the company of his. Companions. His sense of justice was supreme. It was absolute, not in any way connected to his personal, tribal or religious loyalties. sa (The Seal of Prophets, His Personality and Character, Hadrat Mirza Tahir. Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih IV, Islam International Publications, 1992) rh га sa. On one occasion a prisoner was brought to the Holy Prophet" who had been guilty of the murder of many Muslims. Hadrat 'Umar", who was also present, believed that the man duly deserved the imposition of the death penalty and he looked repeatedly at the Prophet" expecting that the sa 335

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa sa sa sa sa ra. Prophet would at any moment indicate that the man should be put to death. After the Holy Prophet had dismissed the man, Ḥadrat ‘Umar” suggested that he should have been put to death as that was the only appropriate penalty. The Prophet" replied: "If that is so, why did you not kill him?" Hadrat 'Umar replied: "O Messenger of Allah! If you had given me an indication by winking your eye, I would have done so." To this the Prophet" rejoined: "A Prophet does not act equivocally. How could. I have winked my eye to indicate the imposition of a death penalty upon the man while I was talking amicably with him?" (As-Siratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Vol. 2, p. 217). Fulfillment of the Covenants. Sa sa. The Holy Prophet" was very particular with regard to the fulfillment of covenants. On one occasion an envoy came to him on a special mission and, after he had remained in his company for some days, was convinced of the truth of Islām and suggested that he might declare his loyalty to it. The Prophet told him that this would be improper as he was there in a representative capacity and it was incumbent upon him to return to the headquarters of his government without making a new allegiance. If after he had returned home he still felt convinced of the truth of Islām, he could return as a free individual and declare his acceptance of it. (Sunan Abū Dawūd, Kitabul Jihad, Bab Wafa bi'l ‘Aḥd). Trustworthiness. People used to leave their precious things and property in trust with the Holy Prophet" and this continued till he migrated from Mecca to sa sa. Medina. The Holy Prophet performed this duty for both friends and enemies in a very honorable way. Even at the time when he was migrating from Mecca to Medina and was in great distress, he was conscious of and 336

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa worried about returning the property and other precious things to their owners. He entrusted these things to Hadrat 'Ali and instructed him to give these things to their owners before coming to Medina. sa. The Holy Prophet" used to say that often it happens that he finds a date on the bed or any other place in the house and starts to eat while he is hungry but he does not eat it thinking that it may not be from charity. (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Luqtah, Bāb idha wajada tamrata fiṭṭariqi). Generosity sa ra sa sa. Hadrat Anas relates that whenever someone asked the Holy. Prophet for something in the name of Islām, he always gave it to them. He further relates that once a man came to the Holy Prophet and he gave him a flock of goats scattered over a valley. When the man returned to his people he said to them: "O my people! Accept Islām, for Muhammad bestows as if he has no fear of poverty." Even when a person out of a worldly motive became a Muslim, in due course, Islām became dearer to him than the world and all it contains. sa (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Fadai'l, Bab ma su'ila Rasulullah salallahu 'alaihi sa wasallam shai'an qat faqala la, Musnad Ahmad, p 108-175/3) га sa. Hadrat Ibn 'Abbas" relates that the Holy Prophet" was the most generous person, and he was at his best in generosity and benevolence during the month of Ramadan when Gabriel visited him every night, and recited the Qur'an to him, and when the generosity of the Holy Prophet used to increase, faster than the rain-bearing breeze. sa (Sahih Bukhari, Kitab Bad'u al-Khalq, Bab dhikrul Malaikatu; Riyadus Salihin,. Kitabul Fada'il, Bab al-Jūd wa fi‘l al-ma‘rūf minal khair fi shahri ramadan). Whenever anyone asked him for something, he (always gave and) 337

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa never said "no".. S& sa (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Fada'il, Bab ma su'ila Rasulullah....) ra sa. Hadrat Jubair bin Mut'im" relates that while he was walking with the Holy Prophet during the return from Ḥunain, some rustics caught hold of him and started begging from him. They pushed him under a tree and someone snatched away his cloak. The Holy Prophet" came to a halt and said: "Restore my cloak to me; had I at my disposal camels equal to the number of the leaves of this thorny tree I would have distributed all of these among you and you would not have found me a miser or a liar or a coward." ᏕᏯ . (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Jihad ma kanannabiyyu yu'til muwillafata qulūbihim;. Mishkat, Bab fi akhlaqhu wa shamā'ilahū ... alkh) sa ra. Hadrat ‘Ä'ishah relates that she slaughtered a goat. The Holy. Prophet asked: "How much meat is left? She answered: 'A shank.' He said: 'All of it is saved except the shank (i.e., all that you have distributed is saved owing to the reward we get for it).'" (Jami' Tirmidhi, Abwab Sifatul qiyamah; At-Targhib wa't-Tarhīb, p. 129/2). Bravery sa sa. The Holy Prophet was a dauntless, courageous person who never refrained from approaching danger head on. In his lifetime he fought many defensive battles, however he never initiated a single offensive war. He was usually found in the most dangerous areas of the battle, where fighting would rage like a wild fire. It is reported by a narrator that when the Holy. Prophet was sought during a battle, they would look for him in that part where combat was at its fiercest and he would always be in the midst of it. sa ra sa. Hadrat Anas bin Mālik relates that the Holy Prophet was the most beautiful, generous, and brave man among all the men. 338

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Sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa. Once, Medina was full of rumors that the Romans were preparing a large army for its invasion. During that time the Muslims were always on the qui vive at night. One night sounds of an uproar came from the desert.. The Muslims hurried out of their homes and some of them assembled in the mosque, and waited for the Holy Prophet to appear and to give them directions to meet the contingent. Soon, they saw the Holy Prophet on a horse coming back from the direction of the noise. They then discovered that, at the very first sound of alarm, the Prophet" had mounted a horse and in the direction from which the sound had come to determine whether there was any reason for alarm and had not waited for people to collect together so that he could proceed in a company. When he returned he assured his Companions" that there was no cause for alarm and that they could return to their homes and go to sleep. gone ra. Sa , (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Faḍa'il, Bāb fi shuja‘atun Nabi Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul. Jihad) sa га. S&. The Holy Prophet" was badly injured in the Battle of Uḥud. His face was covered with blood. A disbeliever belonging to the Meccan opposition, Ubayy bin Khalf was making preparations for a long time and had raised a horse specifically for this purpose so that he could ride on it and kill the Holy Prophet". He used to feed barley to the horse daily. When he saw the Holy Prophet spurring his horse he went towards the Holy. Prophet. He was shouting, "If I fail to kill the Holy Prophet my life will be useless!" When the Companions" saw him coming they wanted to stand in his way to protect the Holy Prophet". The Holy Prophet told the. Companions" to get away and let him come. The Holy Prophet" who was profusely bleeding faced the attacker and hit at his neck with his spear so forcefully that he ran away while he was screaming. Someone asked him why he was screaming since it is a superficial wound. He said it is not a superficial wound. It is a wound inflicted by Muḥammad. Ubayy died with that wound. га sa sa (As-Sıratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Vol. 3, p. 89) 339

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. Kindheartedness sa ra ra. Hinda bint 'Utbah, the wife of Abū Sufyan" was a staunch enemy of the Holy Prophet" and the Muslims. In the battles against the Muslims she would incite the enemy soldiers against the Muslims by reciting the verses usually recited at the battlefield to arouse the martial spirit of soldiers. In the Battle of Uhud she treated the body of Hadrat Hamzah in a most demeaning way. She cut out the liver of the Holy Prophet's™ uncle,. Hadrat Hamzah who was killed in the battle and had chewed it up. Mūsā ibn 'Uqbah narrated that Waḥshi gouged the liver of Hamzah ibn 'Abdul. Muttalib and took it to Hinda bint 'Utbah and she ate it. ra sa (Ibni Kathir, Al-Bid'ayah wan-Nihayah, Vol. 4, p. 43). sa. Even on the day Mecca had fallen to the Muslims Hinda bint ‘Utbah was so outraged that when her husband told her about the surrender she violently shook his beard in disgust. She called upon the Meccans to come and to kill him for his treachery in having agreed to surrender instead of fighting the Muslims. However, when she realized what had happened she joined a group of women and went to see the Holy Prophet*. When she went to see the Holy Prophet she was sure that the death penalty was the only punishment she deserved and that is what she would get because of her misbehavior. She was frightened. When the women took the oath of allegiance she disguised herself and joined the other women. During the ceremony when she spoke, the Holy Prophet" recognized her voice. She immediately said: sa sa 340 فَاعْفُ عَمَّا سَلَفَ عَفَا اللَّهُ عَنْكَ fa‘fu ‘ammā salafa, ‘afallahu ‘anka (O Messenger of Allāh) Forgive what has passed. God will forgive you.

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa. Despite the fact that she had dishonored the body of his beloved uncle in a most barbaric way, the Holy Prophet" accepted her request for forgiveness and pardoned her. sa ra. Another person who deserved severe punishment was Habbar who had cut the girth of the camel which carried Hadrat Zainab™, the daughter of the Holy Prophet when she was leaving for Medina. Habbār's action had caused Hadrat Zainab to fall from the camel and thus suffer a miscarriage. The miscarriage resulted in her death. When Habbar appeared in front of the Holy Prophet", he professed his misconduct and begged for his forgiveness. He also told the Holy Prophet" that he had accepted Islām.. The Holy Prophet forgave him. sa sa sa. Sa 'Ikrimah who was the son of Abū Jahl, the bitterest enemy of the. Holy Prophet, was one of the Meccan commanders in the Battle of Uhud.. He is the one who had spotted the inadequately guarded rear pass and had led the attack which ended in near disaster for the Muslims. sa. When Mecca fell, 'Ikrimah left the town and proceeded to the coast, intending to cross over to Ethiopia, being convinced that he could have no security in Mecca or anywhere near it. His wife approached the. Holy Prophet and asked whether ‘Ikrimah could return to Mecca while professing his idolatrous beliefs. The Holy Prophet" replied that faith was a matter of conscience and conscience was free. If ‘Ikrimah returned to. Mecca he would not be mistreated, and could live there in security professing whatever he chose to believe in. On this assurance she followed 'Ikrimah and persuaded him to return to Mecca. On arrival there, he went to the Holy Prophet and received in person the assurance which the Holy. Prophet had already given to his wife. Thereupon he announced his acceptance of Islām, and the Holy Prophet" asked him if there were anything he wished for. 'Ikrimah replied that he could wish for no greater bounty than God had already bestowed upon him in opening his heart to the acceptance of Islām, but he did desire that the Holy Prophet should pray to God to forgive him for all the enmity that he had borne toward the sa sa sa sa 341

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SA. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. Holy Prophet and the Muslims. sa. The Holy Prophet" prayed accordingly and then bestowed his own cloak on 'Ikrimah, saying: “He who comes to me believing in God can claim my house as his." 'Ikrimah proved himself a sincere and zealous believer and set the seal on his faith by laying down his life in defense of it on one of the Syrian battlefields some years later. (The Excellent Examplar - Muhammad, Chaudhari Muḥammad Zafrulla Khān, p. 237, Routledge & Kegal Paul, London, UK). Self-Control and Tolerance sa sa sa га. Hadrat ‘Abdullah bin Salām" relates that when Allah the Exalted desired to guide Zaid bin Sa'nah, he said: "When I beheld the countenance of the Holy Prophet", I saw all the signs of prophethood in his face except two characteristics I knew not whether he possessed. One was that his tolerance would overpower his anger and the second was that no matter how much he was provoked and treated rudely, he would exhibit great tolerance. So, I was looking for a chance to determine whether or not these signs were present in him." Zaid bin Sa'nah further relates that one day, the. Holy Prophet came out of his house with 'Ali bin Abi Talib. In the meantime, a rider who appeared to be a Bedouin came and said to the Holy. Prophet: 'The people of a tribe in the town of 'Basra' have accepted Islām and I had told them that were they to accept Islām, their provisions would be enlarged. However, due to lack of rain, they are facing a drought. I am worried that greed may cause them to leave Islām, as greed of enlarging their provisions had made them accept Islām. It is requested that, if it is proper then you please send them some provisions to help them.' Hearing this, the Holy Prophet" looked towards Hadrat ‘Ali". Hadrat ‘Ali told the. Holy Prophet that at present there was nothing available which could be sent to help them. Zaid bin Sa'nah relates that he came to the Holy. Prophet and said: 'O Muḥammad! You can sell dates to me from a particular plantation on a fixed value, and on a fixed time.' The Holy 342 sa sa ra

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa sa. Sa sa га sa. Prophet said: 'O Jewish one! I can sell the dates for a fixed value and for a fixed time but without the condition that the dates must be from the specified orchard.' He agreed to it. So, the Holy Prophet made a deal with me. I gave the Holy Prophet eighty Mithqal in advance on condition that he would give me a certain amount of dates on such a date.' The Holy. Prophet gave the gold to the man and told him to distribute it equally to the distressed people and help them. Zaid bin Sa'nah relates, 'A couple of days were still left in the period for repayment of the debt when I came to the Holy Prophet". I seized him by the collar, pulled his sheet and said angrily, O Muḥammad! Won't you give me what is my right? By God!. You know very well that you people are very bad in repayment of loans and I also know very well your habit of putting off repayment.' At that time, I was looking at Hadrat ‘Umar". His eyes were whirling like a boat in a storm. He angrily looked towards me and said, 'O enemy of Allāh! How dare you say to the Messenger" of Allāh what I am hearing, and treat him so rudely. By God, Who has sent him with Truth! Were I not afraid of him,. I would have cut your head with the sword.' The Holy Prophet", who was calmly looking towards Hadrat 'Umar" and smiling, said, 'O 'Umar!. Instead of showing anger, what both of us deserve is that you tell me about a good way of repayment and to him about a good manner of demanding it. Although a couple of days remain in the due date for repayment, he probably needs money sooner. Therefore, give him what is due to him and give him twenty Ṣa' (a unit of weight) dates extra.' When I was paid, I asked, "Umar" why am I being paid extra?' 'Umar" said, 'The Holy. Prophet had told me to pay you twenty Sa' extra for my acting harshly with you..' I asked Ḥadrat ‘Umar", 'Do you know who I am?' Ḥadrat 'Umar said: 'No. Who are you?' I told him that I am Zaid bin Sa'nah.. Hadrat 'Umar" asked: 'Hibar (i.e., the Jewish learned man)?' I said: 'Yes.. The Jewish learned man.' 'Umar" said: Then, why did you behave so?' I replied: 'I saw all the signs of prophethood in the Holy Prophet" when I beheld his face, except the two. One of these was that his tolerance would overpower his anger and the second was that no matter how much he was provoked and treated rudely he would exhibit great tolerance. I have tested ra sa га га ra 343

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa sa 1 ra sa him for the presence of both these signs. O ‘Umar! I make you my witness that I am very happy in accepting Allāh as my Lord, Islām as my religion, and Muḥammad as my Prophet. Furthermore, I make you witness that I am a wealthy man and I give half of my wealth as charity for the followers of the Holy Prophet". Hadrat 'Umar" said: 'You should say: I give it as charity for some followers of the Holy Prophet". How can it be enough for all of them?' I said, 'Alright, it should be spent for the needs of some of the followers of the Holy Prophet. After this, Zaid bin Sa'nah came to the. Holy Prophet and said, 'I bear witness there is none worthy of worship besides Allāh and Muhammad" is His Messenger. That is, I believe in this credo.' " Thus, Zaid bin Sa'nah took initiation at the hands of the Holy. Prophet, and took part in many battles with the Holy Prophet”. He died on the way returning from the Battle of Tabūk. May God Almighty have. Mercy upon him. sa sa sa sa sa (Mustadrik Maʻattalkhiş Kitab Marifatassaḥabah, Vol. 3, p. 605) sa sa. The Holy Prophet" always exercised complete self-control. Even when he became a Sovereign, he always listened to everybody with patience, and if a person treated him with impertinence, he bore it and never attempted any retaliation. In the East, one way of showing respect for a person to whom one is addressing, is to address him not by his personal name. The Muslims used to address the Holy Prophet" as: "O. Messenger of Allāh", and non-Muslims used to address him as "Abul. Qāsim" (i.e., Qāsim's father: Qāsim being the name of one of his sons). On one occasion, a Jewish person came to him in Medina and started a discussion with him. In the course of the discussion, he repeatedly addressed him as "O Muḥammad, O Muḥammad" The Holy Prophet paid no attention to his form of address and went on patiently expounding the matter under discussion to him. His Companions", however, were getting irritated at the discourteous form of address adopted by his interlocutor till one of them, not being able to restrain himself any longer, admonished the. Jewish person not to address the Holy Prophet by his personal name but to address him as Abul Qāsim. The Jewish person said that he would 344 sa ra sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa address him only by the name which his parents had given him. The Holy. Prophet smiled and said to his Companions": "He is right. I was named. Muḥammad at the time of my birth and there is no reason to be upset at his addressing me by that name." Sometimes people stopped him in the way and engaged him in conversation, explaining their needs and conveying their requests to him. He always stood patiently, and let them go on and proceeded only after they had finished. On occasion, people kept hold of his hand for some time when shaking hands with him, and though he found this inconvenient and time-consuming he was never the first to withdraw his hand. People went freely to him and laid their troubles and difficulties before him and asked him for help. If he was able to help he never declined a request. Sometimes he was pestered with requests and they were unreasonably pressed, but he went on complying with them as far as he was able. On occasion, after complying with a request, he would admonish the person concerned to have greater trust in God and to avoid asking others for relief. On one occasion, a devout Muslim asked him several times for money and each time he complied with his request, but in the end said: "It is best for a man to put his trust in God and to avoid making requests." The person concerned was a sincere man. Out of regard for the feelings of the Holy Prophet", he did not offer to return what he had already received but he declared that in future he would never make a request to anybody under any circumstances. Years later, he was taking part in a battle, mounted on a charger, and in the thick of it, when the din and confusion and the clash of arms were at their highest, and he was surrounded by his enemies, his whip fell from his hand. A Muslim soldier who was on foot, perceiving his predicament, bent down to pick up the whip for him but the mounted man begged him to desist and jumped from his horse and picked up the whip himself, explaining to the soldier that he had long since promised the Holy Prophet" that he would never make any request to anybody and that if he had permitted the soldier to pick up the whip for him it would have amounted to his having made an indirect request and would thus have rendered him guilty of breaking his promise to the Holy Prophet. sa sa sa 345

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. Love for Humanity ra. Hadrat Jābir relates that the Holy Prophet" said: "You and I are as if a person kindles a fire, and moths and such rush to fall into it, and he strives to protect them from the fire. Likewise, I hold you from the back to save you from the fire of Hell while you struggle to slip out of my hands." (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Faḍa'il, Bab shafqata Sallallahu ‘alaihi wassalam ‘aſa ummatihi) sa. On the day of 'Aqabah, the Holy Prophet™ presented himself to Ibn 'Abd Yälil bin 'Abd Kulal and got no response to the message he delivered to them. So he left grieved and depressed, and felt no relief unil he arrived at Qarn Tha‘lib. Then he raised his head and saw a cloud that was shielding him from the sun in which he beheld Gabriel who called to him and said: 'Allāh, the Most Honored and Glorious, has heard what your people have said to you and the response they have made to you and has sent the Angel of the Mountains to you so that you may direct him to do what you might wish to be done to them.' Then the Angel of the Mountains called to him, and offered him the greeting of peace and said: 'Muḥammad, indeed Allāh has heard what thy people have said to you. I am the Angel of the Mountains, and my Lord has sent me to you, so that you might give me your direction concerning that which you would wish done to them. If you would so wish, I would press down upon them the two great mountains.' The Holy Prophet" answered him: 'Indeed not, I am hoping that Allāh will make out of their progeny such people as would worship Allāh, the One, not associating aught with Him."" sa sa (Sahih Muslim, Kifabul Jihad, Bab ma laqannabiyya min idhil mushrikina wal munafiqin). The Holy Prophet", not only rejected the destruction of his people but prayed fervently for their guidance in these words: 346

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa اللَّهُمَّ اهْدِ قَوْمِي فَإِنَّهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُوْنَ. Sa alſahummahdi qaumi fa innahum la y‘lamūn. O Allah! Guide my people to the right path as they do not know. (Tafsir al-Alwasi, Vol. 5, p. 75; Bariqata Maḥmüdiyya fi Sharḥ Tariqata. Muḥammadiyyah wa Shriʻata Nabawiyyah, Vol. 3, p. 371) га sa. Hadrat Usamah bin Zaid" relates that the Holy Prophet passed by a company of people which was comprised of Muslims, idol worshippers and Jewish people, he greeted them with the salutation of peace 'Salām'. (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Isti‘dhān, Bāb fittaslim fi majlis fihi ikhlat minal muslimin walmushrikîn, p. 924/2). Love for the Companions" sa. Once at the request of certain tribes, the Holy Prophet" sent seventy Huffaz (Those who had committed the whole Qur'an to memory) to convey the message of Islām. Banu Sulaim and some other tribes treacherously killed the Huffaz at a place called, Bi'r Ma'ūnah. When the enemy after killing Ḥadrat Ḥarām bin Milḥān, the leader of the group, surrounded the rest of the party, they prayed, "O Allah! At present, we do not have any other means to convey a message to the Holy Prophet*, we beg You to convey our Salam and the news of our martyrdom to the Holy. Prophet and that we are pleased with our Lord and our Lord is pleased with us." God Almighty through Gabriel informed the Holy Prophet. At that time, the Holy Prophet" was sitting in the company of his. Companions" and suddenly he said, "Wa ‘Alaikussalam". Then, the Holy. Prophet addressed the Companions" and told them that your brothers were attacked by the enemies and all of them have been martyred. At the time of their martyrdom they prayed to God Almighty to convey their Salam and sa sa ra sa ra sa 347

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa the message that they are pleased with their Lord and their Lord is pleased with them. sa sa. The Holy Prophet" was very saddened to hear of the martyrdom of these seventy Companions". Ḥaḍrat Anas" relates that the Holy Prophet was never saddened at the demise of anyone as much as he was at the martyrdom of these seventy Companions". The Holy Prophet" kept on praying by raising his hands for help from Allāh in the last rak'at of the. Prayer. (Sirah Halabiyyah, Vol. 3, pp. 243-244). Treatment of the Non-Muslims 348. Respect for the Non-Muslim Delegates sa. The Holy Prophet" not only emphasized the desirability of tolerance in religious matters but set a very high standard in this respect. A delegation from a Christian tribe of Najran visited him in Medina to exchange views on religious matters. It included several Church dignitaries. The conversation was held in the mosque and extended over several hours. At one stage, the leader of the delegation asked for permission to depart from the mosque, and to hold their religious service at some convenient spot. The. Holy Prophet said that there was no need for them to go out of the mosque, which was itself a place consecrated to the worship of. God, and they could hold their service in it. sa (Zurqani, Sharḥ Mawahib al-Ladunniyya, Vol. 5, pp. 186-187; Zad al-Ma'ad, Vol. 2, pp. 35-36). Once, a delegation from the monastery of St. Catherine wrote a pronouncement to the effect that their monastery should be protected when Islām became victorious in that part of the world.

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa ᏕᎸ . sa. The Holy Prophet" immediately accepted the request and wrote orders to that effect. The order reads: "No one should ever interfere with the property of the Monastery, nor with the figure of the cross or any other article which represents their faith. They should not be molested in any manner whatsoever. Anyone ignoring this will not be one of us.". Charter of Privileges sa. In 628 C.E. the Holy Prophet of Islām granted a Charter of. Privileges to the monks of St. Catherine Monastery in Mt. Sinai. It consisted of several clauses covering all aspects of human rights including such topics as the protection of Christians, freedom of worship and movement, freedom to appoint their own judges and to own and maintain their property, exemption from military service, and the right to protection in war. This document is excellent guidance for all the Muslim states for dealing with the non-Muslim minorities. The following is the text of the Charter:. This is the document which Muḥammad, son of ‘Abdullāh,. God's Prophet, Warner and Bearer of glad-tidings, has caused to be written so that there should remain no excuse for those coming after. I have caused this document to be written for Christians of the East and the West, for those who live near, and for those of the distant lands, for the Christians living at present and for those who will come after, for those Christians who are known to us and for those as well whom we do not know. 1. 2.. Any Muslim violating and abusing what is therein ordered would be regarded as violator of God's testament and would be the breaker of His promise and would make himself deserving of God's curse, be he a king or a subject.. I promise that any monk or wayfarer, etc., who will seek my help on the mountains, in forests, deserts or habitations, 349

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa 350 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. or in places of worship, I will repel his enemies with all my friends and helpers, with all my relatives and with all those who profess to follow me and will defend him, because they are my covenanted. And I will defend the covenanted against the persecution, injury and embarrassment by their enemies in lieu of the poll-tax they have promised to pay.. If they will prefer themselves to defend their properties and persons, they will be allowed to do so and will not be put to any inconvenience on that account.. No bishop will be expelled from his bishopric, no monk from his monastery, no priest from his place of worship, and no pilgrim will be detained in his pilgrimage.. None of their churches and other places of worship will be desolated or destroyed or demolished. No material of their churches will be used for building mosques or houses for the Muslims, any Muslim so doing will be regarded as recalcitrant to God and His Prophet.. Monks and bishops will be subject to no tax or indemnity whether they live in forests or on the rivers, or in the East or West, North or South. I give them my word of honor.. They are on my promise and covenant and will enjoy perfect immunity from all sorts of inconveniences.. Every help shall be given them in the repair of their churches. They shall be absolved from wearing arms. They shall be protected by the Muslims. Let this document be not disobeyed till the Judgment Day. (Al-Watha'iqul Siyasiyya lil ‘Ahdi Nabawi wal Khilafatur Rashida, By. Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah, pp. 187-190, Beirut, Lebanon) ra. In a tradition, Hadrat Abu Hurairah narrates that two men

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa were quarreling. One was a Muslim and the other a Jew. The. Muslim said, "I swear by that Being Who chose Muḥammad" over all the worlds and granted him excellence over others." The Jew replied, "I swear by that Being Who granted excellence to Moses over all the worlds and chose him." sa as. On this the Muslim slapped the Jew. The Jew took the complaint to the Holy Prophet, who asked the Muslims for details and then said: لَا تُخَيِّرُوْنِيْ عَلَى مُوْسٰى la tukhayyirūni ‘ala Musā. Do not give me preference over Moses. (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Khuṣūmāti, Bāb mā yudhkaru fil-Askhāsi wal-khusumati bainal Muslim wal-Yahudi). Respect for the Dead sa ra. Hadrat Jābir relates that they were in the company of the. Holy Prophet when a funeral procession passed by. Seeing it, the. Holy Prophet stood up. When they walked towards the coffin to help carry it, they discovered that it was a funeral of a Jewish sa sa person. They said: "Messenger of Allah! This is the funeral procession of a Jewish person." He observed, "Death is a matter of grief and awe; therefore, when you see a funeral passing by you should stand up." (Sunan Abū Dawūd, Kitabuljanā'iz, Bāb al-qiyām liljanāzah) 351

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352. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa га ra. Hadrat 'Abdur Rahman bin Abi Lailā relates that Hadrat. Sahl bin Hanif and Hadrat Qaist bin Sa'd bin ‘Ubädah" were in. Qadisiyyah, when a funeral procession passed by them. Seeing the funeral procession, both stood up. People told them that it was the funeral procession of someone (a non-Muslim) from this area.. Hearing this, both of them said: "A funeral procession passed by the Holy Prophet; seeing that, he stood up. Someone said to the. Holy Prophet that it was a funeral cortege of a Jew. The Holy. Prophet replied: sa sa sa أَلَيْسَتْ نَفْسًا؟ a-laisat nafsa 'Was he not a human being?" " (Nasa'ı, Kitabul Janā'iz, Bab al-qiyām li-janāzah ahlishshirk). Appreciation of the Service to Mankind sa sa. The Holy Prophet paid special deference to those who devoted their time and substance to the service of mankind. The. Arab tribe, the Banu Ta'i, started hostilities against the Prophet and in the ensuing battle, their forces were defeated and some were taken prisoner. One of these was the daughter of Hatim Ṭā'i, whose generosity had become a proverb amongst the Arabs. When. Hatim's daughter informed the Holy Prophet" of her parentage he treated her with great consideration and as the result of her intercession, he remitted all the penalties imposed upon her people on account of their aggression.. S& (Sirah Halabiyyah, Vol. 3, p. 227)

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Treatment of the Uncultured. Sa. The Holy Prophet" was particularly considerate towards those who, from lack of cultural training, did not know how to behave. On one occasion a dweller of the desert who had only recently accepted Islām, was sitting in the company of the Holy. Prophet in the mosque, got up and walked away a few paces and sat down in a corner of the mosque to pass water. Some of the. Companions of the Prophet" arose to stop him from doing so. The. Prophet restrained them, pointing out that any interference with the man was bound to cause inconvenience to him and might possibly cause him injury. He told his Companions" to leave the man alone and to clean the spot later. sa га. Serving a Disbeliever sa sa га sa га. Hadrat Abu Hurairah relates that a disbeliever stayed with the Holy Prophet as his guest. The Holy Prophet had the goats milked for him. The man drank the milk from seven goats, one by one. On the next day, the disbeliever became a Muslim. The Holy. Prophet had one goat milked for him. He drank all of it. When the second goat was milked for him, he could no longer drink all the milk. At this, the Holy Prophet said: "A believer drinks just enough to fill a single intestine and a disbeliever drinks enough to fill seven intestines." sa (Jami' Tirmidhi, Abwäb al-Ata'mah, Bab innal mu'min yakulu fi ma'i wahid). Helping the Oppressed and Orphans sa. The Holy Prophet" would stand up to even a most tyranical enemy to help an oppressed person. A stranger by the name of Al-Arashi bought a 353

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa sa sa sa camel from Abū Jahl. Abū Jahl started making various kinds of lame excuses with respect to payment of the price of the camel. Al-Arashi came to a gathering of the Quraish and asked for help in collecting money from. Abū Jahl. He told them that he was a traveler and asked them, "Is there anyone who could make Abū Jahl pay the price of the camel which he had sold? He is keeping my camel without payment." The Chiefs of the. Quraish jokingly directed him towards the Holy Prophet" and said, "He can get you the money for your camel from Abū Jahl." Al-Arashi went to the Holy Prophet and requested his help to get his money from Abū Jahl.. The Holy Prophet walked along with the stranger. The Chiefs of the. Quraish sent a man to follow them to find out how Abū Jahl responded to the Holy Prophet". The Holy Prophet" knocked on the door of the house of. Abū Jahl. Abū Jahl asked, "Who is there?" The Holy Prophet responded, 'It is Muḥammad. Come out.' Seeing the Holy Prophet" at his door Abū. Jahl's face turned pale. The Holy Prophet" said, 'Give this man what is due to him.' Abū Jahl said, 'Alright.' The Holy Prophet told him that he would not leave the place till he paid what was due to the man.' Abū Jahl went inside the house, brought the money and gave it to the man. Then, the Holy. Prophet returned. Al-Arashi was so pleased that he went to the Chiefs of the Quraish and said, 'May Allāh reward Muhammad. He has made Abū. Jahl pay the money that was due to me from him.' In the meantime the messenger of the Quraish whom they had sent to follow the Holy Prophet" also returned. He told the Chiefs that today, he had seen a very strange scene. The Holy Prophet" told Abū Jahl to pay the money to the stranger and Abū Jahl immediately paid him the money. After a short time Abū Jahl also joined the Chiefs of the Quraish. The Chiefs asked him, what happened to you? He told them, 'As soon as I heard the voice of. Muhammad I felt shock and awe. When I came out I saw a furious camel next to Muḥammad. I felt that if I refused to pay the money the camel would tear me into pieces.'" 354 sa sa sa (As-Siratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Vol. 2, pp. 29-30). Hadrat Sahl bin Sa'd" relates that the Holy Prophet" said: "I and

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa the one who takes care of an orphan will be together like this in the. Heaven. He indicated his first finger and the middle finger touching on top with a little gap between the two in the middle and said, 'like this." " ra (Sahih Bukhari, Bab fadl min yaʻul yafıman) sa. Hadrat Abu Hurairah" relates that the Holy Prophet" said: "The best house among the houses of Muslims is the one in which an orphan is treated well and the worst house is the one in which an orphan is treated badly." sa ra (Ibni Majah, Abwäbul Adab, Bab haqqul yafım) sa sa. Hadrat Anas bin Mālik relates that Umm Sulaim (the mother of. Hadrat Anas") was the guardian of an orphan girl. The Holy Prophet* once saw the girl and said to her smilingly, "Oh! You have grown so big. May your age not be prolonged. Weeping, the orphan girl went to see Umm. Sulaim. Umm Sulaim said, 'Dear daughter! Why are you crying?' She said, 'The Holy Prophet has cursed me that my age may not prolong anymore.. Now I will not have a long life and will die soon.' Umm Sulaim hurriedly took her covering and went to see the Holy Prophet". The Holy Prophet asked her, 'What is the matter? What brings you?' She said, 'Messenger of. Allāh! Did you imprecate this orphan girl that her age may not prolong?'. The Holy Prophet" said, 'Why do you say so?' Umm Sulaim said, 'You have said to this orphan girl that her age may not prolong.' The Holy. Prophet smiled and said, 'I said this to the girl just for amusement. Umm. Sulaim! Don't you know that God Almighty had granted acceptance to my request that I am a human being, I feel happiness like other people, and also become angry like other people, if I turn angry and curse someone who does not deserve the curse in the sight of Allāh, may God make my curse a source of virtue, and nearness to God. O My God! Grant her Your nearness on the Day of Judgement. That is, change it to a prayer for goodness.' sa " sa sa (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul bir walsilah, Bab man la‘natannabi ) 355

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa. Love for the Poor sa sa sa ra ra sa. Sa sa. Hadrat Anas relates that Zahir bin Ḥarām", a Companion of the. Holy Prophet who lived in a village and was somewhat ugly, used to bring the produce of the village to the Holy Prophet" as a gift. In return, the Holy Prophet" used to give him something as a gift when he departed.. The Holy Prophet" used to say: "Zahir is my rustic friend, and I am his urban friend. The Holy Prophet" deeply loved him. The Holy Prophet" once saw Zahir selling produce in a market. The Holy Prophet" went behind him and covered his eyes with his hands in such a way that he was unable to see him. At this, he said: 'Leave me.' When he turned and saw that it was the Holy Prophet", he touched his back with the chest of the. Holy Prophet and rubbed a lot. The Holy Prophet jokingly said, 'Who will buy this slave from me?' Hearing this, he said: 'O Messenger" of. Allah! By God! You will be at a loss.' At this, the Holy Prophet said: 'In the sight of Allāh, you are not a petty person. Rather, you are a very precious and unique person.''. Sa sa " sa sa sa sa (Shama'il At-Tirmidhi bāb mä ja‘a fi șiftih mazah Rasulullah ) ra sa. Hadrat ‘Abdullāh bin Abī Aufa" relates that the Holy Prophet never frowned upon or avoided walking along with and helping the impoverished and the widows. sa (Musnad Darmi bab fittawadi' Rasulullah) ra sa. Hadrat Abu Hurairah relates that a dark-skinned woman (The narrator is unsure whether it was a woman or perhaps a young man) used to take care of the mosque. The Holy Prophet" missed her and inquired about her, and was told that she had died. He said, "Why did you not let me know?" The Companions" considered it a death of an ordinary person, and thought that there was no need to inform and trouble the Holy 356 ra

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa 58 sa. Prophet. He then said, "Show me the grave." On being shown it he prayed over it and said, "These graves are filled with darkness but Allāh illuminates them as a result of my prayers." (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Jana'iz, Babaṣṣaſatu ‘alal qabr). Love for Children sa sa sa. The Holy Prophet loved children very much and used to treat them nicely. Whenever he passed by them or met them he always said. Salam to them. He was very frank with the children and used to give them a lot of attention and love. He joked with them, teased, amused and entertained them. Whenever the Holy Prophet returned from a trip, children used to run to see and receive him. The Holy Prophet used to make them sit with him in the back and in the front on his ride. sa sa sa sa. A Bedouin once saw that the Holy Prophet was hugging the children and he said, "I have several children but I have never kissed them." The Holy Prophet" said, "What can I do if God Almighty took away love from your heart." Then the Holy Prophet" said, "The one who does not have mercy on people, God also does not have mercy on him." (Sunan Abū Dawūd, Kitabul Adab, Bab qiblatiṣṣibyan) ra sa sa. Hadrat ‘Ä'ishah relates that a Bedouin came to the Holy Prophet* and said, "You kiss the children. We don't kiss them." The Holy Prophet said, "I cannot put mercy in your heart after Allāh has taken it away from it." (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Adab, Bāb raḥmatal wald wa taqbilih, wa mu‘anaqah) sa sa. Hadrat Jābir bin Samrah" relates: "Once I offered Prayer behind the. Holy Prophet. After the Prayer the Holy Prophet" went to his family and I also went along with him. When he reached the house, many children were 357

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa standing there to welcome him. The Holy Prophet" stopped there and he tickled the cheeks of each child with his hand. Although I had accompanied the Holy Prophet", he tickled my cheek also. When he touched my cheek I felt such a pleasant smell in his hand as if he had just taken it out of a perfume bottle." sa. Sa (Ṣaḥiḥ Muslim, Kitabul Faḍa'il, Bab tayyab ra'iḥatannabbi“) sa sa sa га sa. Hadrat Abū Qatādah" relates: "Once I came to the mosque to offer. Zuhr or 'Asr Prayer. We were waiting for the Holy Prophet. Hadrat Bilāl after calling the Adhan had informed the Holy Prophet™ that it was time to lead the Prayer. However, it was delayed and we were waiting for him to come. The Holy Prophet came and he was carrying on his shoulders. Umāmah the daughter of Hadrat Zainab and Abul ‘Āṣ. The Holy Prophet entered the mosque while he was carrying Umāmah on his shoulders and stood at his Prayer mat to lead the Prayer. We stood behind him. The Holy. Prophet said Takbir in this condition and we also said Takbir. The Holy. Prophet did Qiyam while he was carrying Umāmah and when he bowed down for Ruku' he removed Umamah from his shoulders and made her sit on the floor. After performing Ruku' and Sajdah (prostration) when he was going to stand for the Qiyam, he again picked Umāmah and made her sit on his shoulders. The Holy Prophet completed the Prayer in this way.. He used to remove Umāmah from his shoulders before doing Ruku' and. Sajdah and then before standing for the Qiyam he would pick up Umāmah and make her sit on his shoulders." sa sa ra. Sa (Sunan Abū Dawūd, Kitabaṣṣalah, Bab al-‘Aml fiṣṣalah). Hadrat Anas relates that the Holy Prophet" was very frank with them: "Sometimes he called my younger brother lovingly: Abū ‘Umair!. What happened to your Mamolah (wagtail: a small bird with long wing feathers and a long tail that wags up and down)? "Umair had a pet wagtail with whom he used to play till it died." (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Adab, Bab al-inbisat) 358

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Treatment of Women га sa. Haḍrat Abū Qatadah Harith relates that the Holy Prophet" said: "I stand up to lead the Prayer having it in mind to lengthen it. Then I hear the cry of an infant and I shorten the Prayer fearing lest I should make it burdensome for its mother." (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabus Salat, Bab akhfissalat ‘inda baka' sabiyyi) га sa. Hadrat Anas relates that the Holy Prophet was on a journey and. Anjasha, a black slave, was singing 'Uḥdiya' (songs of the camel handlers) while driving the camels, which spurred the camels to walk fast. At this, the Holy Prophet" said: "O Anjasha! Sing a little slowly. Mind the crystal on the camels (i.e., Ladies)." sa. Sa (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Fada'il fi rahmatun-Nabi linnisa') га. Hadrat Abū Tufail relates that he saw the Holy Prophet" at a place sa sa called, Ji'rānah. The Holy Prophet" was distributing meat, when a woman arrived. The Holy Prophet spread a sheet of cloth for her to sit and she sat on it. He asked the people: "Who is this woman to whom the Holy. Prophet is giving so much respect? People told him that she is the foster-mother of the Holy Prophet." sa ra sa (Sunan Abū Dawūd, Kitabul Adab, Bab fil bir walidain) sa sa sa. Hadrat Usāma relates that the foster-mother of the Holy Prophet™,. Hadrat Halima, came to Mecca and mentioned to the Holy Prophet™ about the shortage of food and death of the animals. The Holy Prophet discussed with Haḍrat Khadijah" and gave his foster-mother forty goats and a camel laden with things. ra (Ibn Sa'd's Al-Tabqat Al-Kabir, Vol. 1, p. 113, Beirut, Lebanon, 1960) 359

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa. In the Battle of Hunain, the Muslims captured 6,000 prisoners of war belonging to Banu Hawazin. These prisoners included people belonging to the tribe of Hadrat Halima and some of them were her relatives. Their deputation came to the Holy Prophet* talked about their link with his foster-mother and requested freedom. The Holy Prophet after discussing the request with Anṣār and Muhajirin freed the prisoners. sa (Ibn Sa'd's Al-Tabqat Al-Kabir, Vol. 1, p. 114, Beirut, Lebanon 1960) ra sa sa. Abu Hurairah relates that a man came to the Holy Prophet" and inquired: "Messenger of Allah! Which of all the people is best entitled to kind treatment and the good companionship from me?". He replied: "Your mother." sa sa "And after her, O the Holy Prophet"?" He replied: "Your mother." sa sa "And after her, O the Holy Prophet"?" He replied: "Your mother." "And after her?" He replied: "Your father." sa sa. Another version is: The man asked: "Prophet of Allāh! Who is best entitled to my kind treatment?" He replied: "Your mother, then your mother, then your mother, then your father, and then your relatives, your near relatives in order of nearness." (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Adab, Bab min a-ḥaqqunnāsi biḥusnassuḥbati wa. Muslim) sa га sa. Hadrat Abi Sa'id Al-Khudrī relates that they were sitting in the company of the Holy Prophet" when a woman came to the Holy Prophet and said: "My husband Șafwan bin Mu'aṭṭal hits me when I offer Prayer, makes me break my fast when I keep fast, and offers Fajr Prayer after the sunrise." Safwan was present in the gathering. The Holy Prophet™ asked him about the complaints. He said: "O Prophet" of Allāh! She says that I hit her when she offers Prayer. It is because she recites two Surahs in the. Prayer, and I forbade her." At this, the Holy Prophet" said: "If you recite 360 sa sa sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. Sa just one Surah, it is enough for people." Then Șafwän said: "With regards to her complaint about my telling her to break the fast, the truth is that she keeps on fasting continuously. You know I am a young man. I do not have that much patience." At this the Holy Prophet said: "A woman should not keep voluntary fast without her husband's permission." Said Șafwān: "Now, regarding her last complaint that I offer Fajr Prayer after the sunrise:. Everyone knows that my tribesmen have the habit of getting up late." At this, the Holy Prophet" said, "Alright, offer your Prayer when you get up." sa (Sunan Abū Dawūd, Kitabus Saum, Bab al-Imrata tasūmu bighair idhan zaujihā;. Mishkat, p. 282). Treatment of Neighbors ra sa. Hadrat Abu Dharr" relates that the Holy Prophet" said: "Let not any of you neglect the least chance of doing good; if you can do no more at least meet your brother with a smile on your face. " (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Bir Walsilah, Bab istijab talaqatal wajhi 'indalliqä") га sa. Hadrat Abu Dharr" relates that the Holy Prophet said: "Abu Dharr!. When you buy meat and put the cooking pot on the fire, add a little more water and send a portion of the broth to your neighbor." (Sahih Muslim, Kitābul Bir Walṣilah,Bab alwaṣiyyah biljar wal iḥsān ilaih) га sa sa. Hadrat 'Ā"ishah relates that she asked the Holy Prophet who has stronger claim as a neighbor? The Holy Prophet said: "If you are invited by two persons at the same time, accept the invitation of the one the door of whose house is nearer to yours than that of the other, for he has a stronger claim upon you as a neighbor. But if one invites you before the other, accept the invitation of the one who invites you first." (Sahih Bukhari, Kitābul Adab, Bab Haqqul Jiwari fi qurbil abwābi) 361

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa. The Holy Prophet said about the rights of a neighbor: "Do you know what are the rights of a neighbor? It is his right that if he asks you for help, you should help; if he begs for a loan, you should lend; and if he becomes destitute you should render him aid. If he is ailing you should tend him; if he dies you should join in the funeral rites; if good befalls him you should felicitate him, and if he is afflicted by a calamity you should comfort and console him. You should not raise your structure higher than his obstructing the passage of the breeze towards it, without his consent. If you bring home some fruit, send your neighbor a portion of it as a present. If you are unable to do so take it inside secretly and do not let your children come out with it causing distress to your neighbor's children. Let not the smell of food from your cooking pot disturb your neighbor unless you are ready to share it with him." (Majma'uz Zawa'id, Haithami, Vol. 8, Kitabul Birre Wassilah, Bab Haqquljar;. Wisdom of the Holy Prophet, pp. 19-20, Chaudhari Muḥammad Zafrulſa Khān,. Islam International Publications Limited, Islamabad, UK, 1995). Treatment of Slaves га ra га ra. Hadrat Imām Abu Hanifah relates that Hadrat ‘Atā told him that he heard the following incident from several Companions" of the Holy. Prophet": "Hadrat 'Abdullah bin Rawāḥah" owned a slave-girl who used to graze a flock of his goats. Hadrat 'Abdullah bin Rawahah" had instructed her to take special care of one particular goat. She did and it grew into a stout goat. One day, the shepherdess was busy taking care of some other animals when a wolf attacked the stout goat and devoured it. Ḥadrat 'Abdullah bin Rawāhah", not seeing the goat in the flock of goats, asked the slave-girl about the goat. The shepherdess told him the whole incident.. Hearing it, he forcefully slapped the shepherdess. Later on, Ḥadrat 'Abdullah bin Rawāḥah" felt remorse about slapping the shepherdess and related the incident to the Holy Prophet". The Holy Prophet took the 362 ra га sa sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa га matter very seriously and told 'Abdullāh bin Rawāḥah" that he had slapped the face of a believer. He replied: 'O Messenger of Allah! She is an ignorant woman from Abyssinia who does not know anything about religion.' The Holy Prophet* called the shepherdess and asked her, 'Where is God?' She replied, 'In Heaven.' Then the Holy Prophet" asked her, 'Who am I?' She replied, 'Messenger" of Allāh.' Hearing her responses, the Holy. Prophet told 'Abdullāh bin Rawāḥah: 'She is a believer. Free her.' Ḥadrat sa га. S& 'Abdullah bin Rawāḥah "freed her.'" ra sa (Musnad Al-Imamul A'zam, al-iman wal-Islam) sa. Another tradition recounts that once a Companion was beating up his slave which the Holy Prophet" happened to see. He expressed great anger. On this the Companion freed his slave. The Holy Prophet" remarked that if he had not freed the slave he would have come under the chastisement of God. (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Iman, Bāb Suhbatil mamāliki... Hadith No. 4308). Treatment of Servants and Laborers 18 Ḥadrat ‘A'ishah relates: "The Holy Prophet" never hit any servant whether a male or a female with his hand. However, he fought well in the cause of Allah. Even if someone tormented him, he did not take revenge on that person. However, when Allāh's Laws were violated, he reacted for the sake of Allah, the Most Honored and Glorious." (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Fada'il, Bab muba‘idtah lil atham wa ikhtiyārah minal mabah) га sa. Hadrat Ibn 'Umar relates that the Holy Prophet" said: "Pay the laborer his wages before his sweat dries." (Sunan Ibni Majah, Kitab Arrahūn, Bāb ajrul ajrā') 363

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. Treatment of Animals sa. The Holy Prophet" was sent by God Almighty as a blessing for everything in the world. Animals are also creatures of God Almighty.. Therefore, the Holy Prophet established the best examples of affectionate love for and good treatment of the animals so that others also could follow his ways of treating and loving the animals. sa. The Holy Prophet" warned people against cruelty to animals and enjoined kind treatment on them. He often used to relate the instance of a. Jewish woman who was punished by God for having starved her cat to death. He also used to relate the story of a woman who found a dog. suffering from thirst near a deep well. She took off her shoe and lowered it into the well and thus drew up some water. She gave the water to the thirsty dog to drink. This good deed earned her God's forgiveness for all her previous sins. sa Ḥaḍrat ‘Abdullah bin Mas'ūd" relates: "While we were in the course of a journey along with the Holy Prophet we saw two young doves in a nest and we caught them. They were still very small. When their mother returned to the nest, not finding her little ones in it, she began to fly wildly around close to us. When the Holy Prophet arrived at the spot he observed the dove he said, "Who has tortured the sparrow by taking her children away from her? Immediately set free the children." ra да (Sunan Abū Dawūd, Kitabul Adab, Bab Qataludhdhar) sa. Hadrat Suhail relates that the Holy Prophet passed by a camel whose belly due to hunger had shrunk to his back after contraction. The. Holy Prophet said, "Fear Allāh regarding these helpless animals. Ride these animals and eat their meat only when they are healthy." 364 sa (Sunan Abū Dawūd, Kitabul Jihad bab mã yu'mar bih minal qiyam ‘aladdawwab wal baha'im). Hadrat ‘Ā'ishah relates that one day she mounted such a camel

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa which was headstrong and was bothering her a lot. She started to run the camel right and left. When the Holy Prophet saw this he said, "Be gentle." га sa "1 (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Bir wassilah, Bab fi fadlurrifq). The Holy Prophet" was travelling along with some of his. Companions. On the way a bird had laid an egg. A person picked up the egg. The bird came and started to fly in pain and restlessness around the. Holy Prophet". The Holy Prophet" said, "Who has hurt the bird by snatching her egg?" The person said, "O Messenger" of Allah! I have picked up the egg." The Holy Prophet" said, "Have pity on the bird and leave the egg at the place where you picked it." sa sa ‘Abdullah bin Mas'ud relates, that on one occasion, they observed an ant-hill and, placing some straw on top of it, they set fire to it; whereupon they were rebuked by the Holy Prophet".. Sa sa. On one occasion, the Prophet" observed a donkey being branded on the face. He inquired the reason for this and was told that the Romans had recourse to this practice for the purpose of identifying high-bred animals.. The Prophet said that as the face was a very sensitive part of the body, an animal should not be branded on the face and that if it had to be done the branding should be done on its haunches. sa (Jami' Tirmidhi, Abwab Faḍa'il Jihad ‘an Rasulallah”, Bab mā jā‘a fittaḥrīshi bainal baha'imi wal wasmi fil wajhi) sa ra sa. Hadrat Abdullah bin Ja'far" relates that, one day, the Holy. Prophet made him sit on the back of his ride and told him some confidential matters which he would never tell anyone. The Holy Prophet cared very much about privacy regarding the call of nature and liked the barrier of a wall or a bush. Accordingly, once the Holy Prophet" went to the garden of an Ansar to relieve himself. A camel, seeing the Holy Prophet started to cry bitterly and tears started to drip from its eyes. The Holy sa 365

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa sa. Prophet walked to the camel and patted its head and seat. The camel became calm. Then the Holy Prophet" asked, "Who is the owner of the camel?" An Anṣārī youth told the Holy Prophet" that the camel belonged sa sa to him. The Holy Prophet said to him, "Do you not fear God? God has made you owner of the camel and the camel is complaining that you keep him hungry and make him work hard." (Sunan Abū Dawūd, Kitābul Jihad, Bab ma yuʻmar bih minal qiyam ‘aladdawab walha'im) sa га. Hadrat Anas relates that the name of one of the camels of the Holy. Prophet was '‘Adba'. She would not let any other camel excel her and always won a race. A Bedouin once came and his camel ran faster than all other camels. It hurt the feelings of the Muslims. The Holy Prophet", realized this and said: "It is a tradition of God Almighty that the one who rises to heights in the world, God causes him to fall also.". Visiting the Sick sa ra. Sa (Sahih Bukhari, Kitab al-Jihad, Bāb nāqatannabī ). Hadrat Umm ‘Ala' relates that she was sick when the Holy. Prophet visited her and said: "Umm 'Alā! Be happy. God Almighty removes the sins of a Muslim due to sickness just like fire removes grime from silver and gold." ra sa (Sunan Abū Dawūd, Kitabul Jana'iz, Bab ‘iyadatunnisa). Hadrat 'A'ishah" relates that when the Holy Prophet visited any member of his family who was sick he would touch the unwell his right hand and would supplicate: person with اللَّهُمَّ ، رَبَّ النَّاسِ أَذْهِبِ الْبَأْسَ، اشْفِ ، أَنْتَ الشَّافِيِّ ، لَا شِفَاءَ إِلَّا : 366

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa شفَاؤُكَ ، شِفَاءٌ لَا يُغَادِرُ سَقَمًا allahumma rabbannāsi, adh-hibil baʼsa, ishfi, antashshafi la shifa'a illa shifa'uka, shifa'alla yughādiru saqamā. O Allah, Lord of mankind, remove the affliction and bestow healing, You are the. Great Healer. There is no healing save Your healing, a healing that leaves no ill behind. sa ra (Sahih Muslim, Kitābussalam, Bāb istiḥbāb raqiyyatal marid). Hadrat Anas relates that a Jewish boy who served the Holy. Prophet fell ill. The Holy Prophet" visited him, sat down near his head and said: "Accept Islām. The boy looked at his father who was sitting next to him. The father said: 'Obey, Abul Qasim; whereupon the boy accepted. Islam. When the Holy Prophet left him he affirmed: 'All praise is due to. Allāh Who has delivered him from the Hell-Fire." " sa (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Jana'iz, Bab ‘idha aslamassabi famāta hal yusallı 'alaih). Extraordinary Patience sa ra га. The Holy Prophet", throughout his life, had to encounter a succession of bitter experiences. He was born an orphan as his mother died while he was still a small child and he lost his grandfather at the age of eight. After marriage he had to bear the loss of several children, one after another, and then his beloved and devoted wife Ḥadrat Khadijah" died.. Some of the wives he married after Hadrat Khadijah's" death died during his lifetime and towards the close of his life he had to bear the loss of his son Ibrāhīm. He bore all these losses and calamities cheerfully, and none of them affected in the least degree either his high resolve or the serenity of his disposition. His private sorrows never were revealed in public and he always met everybody with a benign countenance and treated all with uniform benevolence. On one occasion he observed a woman who had lost 367

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa sa sa a child occupied in loud lamenting over her child's grave. He admonished her to be patient and to accept God's will as supreme. The woman did not know that she was being addressed by the Holy Prophet" and replied: "If you had ever suffered the loss of a child as I have, you would have realized how difficult it is to be patient under such an affliction." The Prophet observed: "I have suffered the loss not of one but of seven children," and passed on. Except when he referred to his own losses or misfortunes in this indirect manner, he never cared to dwell upon them nor did he permit them in any manner to interfere with his unceasing service to mankind and his cheerful sharing of their burdens. га sa. Hadrat Anas relates that the Holy Prophet came to his son. Ibrahim, when he was nearing his end and his eyes began to run, whereupon Hadrat ‘Abdur Rahman bin 'Auf" exclaimed: "Messenger" of. Allāh, even you? The Holy Prophet said: 'Ibn 'Auf, this is but the tenderness of the heart.' He wept again and said: sa اِنَّ الْعَيْنَ تَدْمَعُ ، وَالْقَلْبَ يَحْزَنُ ، وَلَا تَقُولُ إِلَّا مَا يَرْضَى رَبُّنَا ، وَإِنَّا بِفِرَاقِكَ يَا إِبْرَاهِيْمُ! لَمَحْزُوْنُوْنَ innal ‘aina tadmaʻu wal qalba yaḥzanu wala naqūlu illa ma yarḍa rabbuna wa inna bi firaqika ya ibrāhīmu la maḥzününa 'The eye sheds tears and the heart is sorrowful, but we utter only that which should please our Lord. We are indeed grieved, Ibrāhīm, by your parting.'". Sa (Sahih Bukhari, Kitābul Janā'iz, Bab qaulunnabi anā bikal maḥzünün) sa sa sa. Hadrat Usamah bin Zaid", loved by the Holy Prophet and the son of one loved by him", relates that a daughter of the Holy Prophet, Hadrat. Zainab, sent word to him that her son was at his last breath and begged him to go to her. He sent his salutation to her with the message: "To Allāh 368 ra

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa belongs that which He bestowed and to Him belongs that which He takes.. Everything has its term fixed by Him. Let her be steadfast, therefore, and hope for His Grace and Mercy. She sent back word to him begging him for the sake of Allāh to go to her. He stood up and proceeded to her accompanied by Ḥaḍrat Sa'd bin 'Ubadah", Ḥaḍrat Muʻādh bin Jabal",. Hadrat Ubayy bin Ka'b", Hadrat Zaid bin Thabit" and others. When he arrived the child was presented to him and he took it in his lap. Observing its distress his tears began to run, whereupon Sa'd said: 'Messenger" of. Allāh, what is this?' He answered: 'This is compassion which Allāh has placed in the hearts of His servants and Allāh has compassion for such of. His servants who are compassionate to others.'". Sa (Nasā'ı, Kitabul Janā'iz, Bāb al-amr biliḥtisāb wasṣabr). As a Judge га га sa. Hadrat 'A'ishah" relates that the Quraish were worried about the case of a Makhzūmi woman who had committed theft and wondered who should intercede on her behalf with the Holy Prophet". Some said: "Who can venture to do so except Usāmah bin Zaid™ who is much loved by the. Holy Prophet? So Usāmah spoke to him and the Holy Prophet" said to him: 'Do you seek to intercede in the matter of the penalties prescribed by. Allāh the Exalted?' Then he stood up and made an address in which he said: 'Those who were before you were ruined because they would let off a high-placed one if he committed theft and would exact the prescribed penalty from a poor one who stole. I call Allāh to witness that were. Fatimah, daughter of Muḥammad", to steal, I would cut off her hand." " (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Hadūd, Bab qata'assariq ashsharif wa ghairih) ra Ḥaḍrat Ummi Salamah" relates that two men who had a dispute between themselves about ownership of an inheritance were brought to the. Holy Prophet. Since it was an old property dispute, neither of the parties had proof to support his claim. After hearing the claims of both men, the 369

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa $8 sa. Holy Prophet said: "I am but a human being. You bring your disputes to me for a judgement. It might happen that someone is more articulate in presenting the case than the other and I might decide in his favor based on what I hear. But if I decide in favor of the one who is more articulate and the decision is against the rightful person, in such a situation, one should not take advantage of the decision and should not usurp the right of his brother. It will be merely a piece of fire I allot to him. If he takes it, it will turn into a snake wrapped around his neck on the Day of Judgement.. Hearing this, both parties cried, and each said: 'O Messenger of Allah! I do not want anything, give it to my brother.' The Holy Prophet said: 'If both of you agree, then divide the property into two parts and select a part by drawing lots. When the lot of either of the disputants falls upon a part of the property, he will take that part of the property and bestow the other part to the other person.'. If th sa sa (Sunan Abū Dawūd, Kitabal Qaḍa', Bab fi qaḍa' al-qaḍı idha akhta). Loving Father and Grandfather га. Hadrat ‘Ã'ishah relates that no one resembled the Holy Prophet more in appearance, talk and gait than Hadrat Fatimah". sa ra sa ra. Sa. According to another narration, whenever Hadrat Fatimah" visited the Holy Prophet", he stood up to receive her, kissed her hand, and seated her on his own seat. Similarly, whenever the Holy Prophet" visited Ḥadrat. Fatimah", she stood up, kissed the blessed hands of the Holy Prophet", and seated him on her place. sa sa (Sunan Abū Dawud, Abwabul adab, Bab fil qiyam) га. Hadrat 'A'ishah and Hadrat Ummi Salamah" relate that the Holy. Prophet told them to prepare Ḥadrat Fatimah" as a bride so that they marry her to Hadrat 'Ali": "We fixed her room beautifully. We made soft 370

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa pillows and mattresses from date-palm skin. Then we arranged dates and raisins to eat and sweet water to drink. We drove a stick in the ground to hang clothes and water-skin. Thus, no marriage ceremony was as beautiful as that of Hadrat Fatimah га " (Ibni Majah kitabunnikāḥ, Bābul walimah). Sa га. Sa. Hadrat Abu Hurairah relates that the Holy Prophet kissed his grandson Hasan bin 'Alī. 'Aqra' bin Ḥābis, who was with the Holy. Prophet at the time and said: "I have ten sons and have never kissed any of them. The Holy Prophet looked at him and said, 'He who has no compassion will receive none.'" sa sa sa (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Adab, Bāb raḥmatal wald wa taqbilah, p 887/2) га. Hadrat Abdullah bin Ja'far" relates that whenever the Holy. Prophet returned from a journey, the children in the family of the Holy. Prophet used to go out to welcome him. He relates: "Once, when the Holy. Prophet returned from a journey, I was the first who was brought to him.. The Holy Prophet* held me in his lap. Then, one of the sons of Ḥadrat. Fatimah, either Imām Hasan" or Imam Husain", was brought to the Holy sa ra 88 ra ra. Prophet. He seated his grandson behind himself. Thus, we entered. Medina while three of us were sitting on the same camel in such glory." sa ra ra ra га (Musnad Ahmad, p 203/1). Hadrat Ibn A'bud" relates that Hadrat 'Ali" asked him: "Should I not tell you a story about Fatimah", the daughter of the Holy Prophet" and. I? Among all the relatives, Fāṭimah" was the most beloved of the Holy. Prophet. Hadrat ‘Ali" narrated, 'Due to the use of a grinding mill and fetching water with the water-skin, Fāṭimah had developed corns on her hands and the marks of the water-skin on her chest. Her clothes used to become dirty due to sweeping dust in the house. In the meantime, a few ra 371

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa ra servants were brought to the Holy Prophet". I said to Fatimah that a few га sa ra sa sa sa sa sa servants have been brought to the Holy Prophet", and if you ask him for a servant, you will get one. So, go to the Holy Prophet" and ask him for a servant. She went to see the Holy Prophet". However, there were many people sitting in the company of the Holy Prophet" so she came back without asking him about the servant. The next day, she went again. The. Holy Prophet asked her the purpose of her visit. She remained silent.". Hadrat ‘Ali says that he said, 'Messenger of Allāh! I tell you about the purpose of her visit. Due to the use of a grinding mill and fetching water with the water-skin, she has developed corns on her hands and water-skin marks are visible on her chest. You had said that when servants are brought to you, you would give her one. Therefore, give her a servant so that she does not have to do such heart-rending work.' Hearing this, the Holy. Prophet said, 'Fățimah! Fear Allāh. Fulfill your duties to Allāh. Do your household chores with your own hands. At night when you go to bed, repeat: thirty-three times Subhanallah, thirty-three times Alhamdulillah and thirty-four times Allahu Akbar. This makes the total one hundred. This act is better than desiring a servant.' Hadrat Fatimah said, 'I submit to the. Will of Allah and His Messenger"." sa sa 1 11 та (Sunan Abū Dawūd, Kitabu Kharaj walfi wal imārah, Bāb fi biyan mawadi' qasamal khams) sa ra. Hadrat 'Umar bin Abi Salama", a step-son of the Holy Prophet", relates: "The Holy Prophet" was at the house of Hadrat Ummi Salamah when the following verse was revealed to him: إِنَّمَا يُرِيْدُ اللهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيرًا 6 372 innamā yuridullahu li ydhhiba ‘ankumurrijsa ahlal baiti wa yutahhirakum tathīrā

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Sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Haḍrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Surely Allāh desires to remove from you all uncleanliness, O Members of the. Household, and purify you completely. (33:34) sa ra. The Holy Prophet" sent for Ḥadrat Fatimah, Hadrat Hasan, and. Hadrat Husain and covered them with a sheet. Hadrat ‘Ali was standing sa ra behind them. The Holy Prophet covered him also with the sheet. Then he supplicated to God Almighty: اللَّهُمَّ هَؤُلَاءِ أَهْلُ بَيْتِي فَاذْهَبْ عَنْهُمُ الرِّجْسَ allahumma hä'ula'i ahlu baiti fadh-hab 'anhumurrijsa. O my Lord! They are also members of my Household. Remove from them all uncleanliness (and make them righteous). sa га. Hadrat Ummi Salamah" said, 'Can I be included with them?' The. Holy Prophet said: 'Ummi Salamah! You have your own status and your status is better.' 1 11 (Jami' Tirmidhi, Abwab Tafsir ul Qur'an, wa min Surah al-Ahzab, p. 152/2) 373

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa Ꮪ. Wives of the Holy Prophetsa (Mothers of the Faithful) sa га 21. The Holy Prophet married twelve times. Non-Muslims often make an issue that it was against the commandment of the Holy Qur'ān that a Muslim should not have more than four wives at a time. However, if we look at the circumstances under which those marriages took place it reveals that it was an absolute necessity to do so. First of all he did not marry a woman while Hadrat Khadijah" was alive. It was after her demise that he married other women. Polygamy was common at that time and the commandment of Allāh limiting the number of wives one can have with certain conditions had not yet come. All the women he married were widows or divorcees except Hadrat ‘Ä'ishah". None of the women who married the Holy Prophet" was forced into marriage. They married him of their own free will. Furthermore, whenever he married a woman it was for the abolishing of certain old traditions such as not marrying the wife of an adopted son or a widow with children. Furthermore some of the women he married were quite old. So the reason for marrying more than four wives was based on piety and for the religous needs of the time. The Holy sa sa. Prophet married the following pious ladies: 1. Hadrat Khadijah™ª 374 ra. Hadrat Khadijah, the daughter of Khuwailid bin Asad bin 'Abdul

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa ‘Uzzā bin Quṣayy, was an intelligent and rich businesswoman. She was twice married before her marriage to the Holy Prophet". Her first marriage was with Abū Hālah ibn Zurārah al-Tamīmī. She bore two children from this marriage, named, Hind and Ḥarith. After the demise of her first husband she married ‘Ātīq ibn ‘Ä'yidah al-Makhzūmi. From this marriage she had a daughter who was also named Hind. After the demise of ‘Atiq ibn ‘Ã'yidah al-Makhzūmī, Hadrat Khadijah" married the Holy Prophet".. She was a well respected pious rich lady and due to her piety was known as 'Tahira" (i.e., the pure one). sa ra sa га ra. Hadrat Khadijah" was a shrewd businesswoman. She preferred to manage the business herself. She was a widow and there were several men who sought to marry her. However, she refused to marry any one of them.. She was well aware of the truthfulness and excellent character of the Holy. Prophet who from his early youth was known as the truthful and the trustworthy. Thus, both the Holy Prophet" and Ḥadrat Khadijah" possessed unique qualities. At first, Hadrat Khadijah" acquired his services for taking care of her business. She was very much impressed with the character and other qualities of the Holy Prophet". Her servant, Maisrah who had accompanied the Holy Prophet" during the business trip was also full of praise for the Holy Prophet". Soon she proposed to the Holy Prophet to marry her. The Holy Prophet" took advice from his relatives and then agreed to marry Ḥaḍrat Khadijah". Abū Ṭālib performed the Nikah of the. Holy Prophet with Ḥaḍrat Khadijah with a dowry of 500 Dirhams. The marriage took place in 595 AD. She was 40 years old at the time of her marriage with the Holy Prophet" while the Holy Prophet" was 25 years old. sa га sa sa sa ra ra sa sa sa. Haḍrat Khadijah" was the first one among men and women to accept Islām. All of the children of the Holy Prophet* except Ibrāhīm were born to Ḥadrat Khadijah™. Ḥaḍrat Khadijah gave birth to seven children, ra 375

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa га ra the sons were named Qāsim, Ṭähir and Tayyab, and the four daughters named, Ḥaḍrat Zainab", Haḍrat Ruqayyah", Ḥadrat Ummi Kulthūm“ and. Haḍrat Fatimah". All the children of Ḥaḍrat Khadijah" from marriages before she married the Holy Prophet" accepted Islām. sa sa га Ḥaḍrat Khadijah™ died at the age of 65 years and the Holy Prophet" at that time was 50 years old. Thus, till the age of 50 years the Holy. Prophet had one wife, Hadrat Khadijah". She passed away in the month of. Ramadan in 10 AH and was buried in the "Jannat-e-Mu'alla" graveyard.. Hadrat Khadijah was with the Holy Prophet during of the siege of. Shi‘b-e-Abī Țalib and at an old age she endured the hardships of the siege for two to three years. ra sa sa ra. The Holy Prophet" loved Hadrat Khadijah so much that even after she had passed away and he had several other wives when anything reminded him of Hadrat Khadijah" he used to become full of emotions and kept her memory alive in various ways. Once, Hadrat Hālah™, a sister of. Hadrat Khadijah", whose voice was very close to Hadrat Khadijah's voice came and asked the Holy Prophet permission to come inside the house.. When, the Holy Prophet* heard her voice he immediately said it must be. Hālah and old memories of Ḥadrat Khadijah overwhelmed him. sa ra га 2.. Hadrat Saudah™a ra. After the sad demise of Ḥadrat Khadijah", the Holy Prophet* married Hadrat Saudah bint Zam'ah ibn Qais ibn 'Abd Shams who was the widow of Sakrān bin ‘Amr, who was one of the servants of the Holy. Prophet. Hadrat Saudah was one of the early Muslims. She had accepted. Islām before her husband. According to the traditions, Haḍrat Saudah migrated to Abyssinia with her husband, after being persecuted by the 376 ra

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa га sa ra sa ra ra sa. Polytheists of Mecca. Hadrat Saudah" was the first woman to emigrate to. Abyssinia for the sake of her religion. Her husband died when the couple returned to Mecca. She had a son from her first husband named Sakrān ibn 'Amr ibn 'Abd Shams. After her husband's death she was living with her father. At the same time the Holy Prophet" after the demise of Ḥadrat. Khadijah himself was taking care of his children. A relative of the Holy. Prophet, Khaula bint Hakim who was married to ‘Uthman bin Maz'ün, pointed out to the Holy Prophet" that his children need a mother. She proposed that he marry Hadrat 'A'ishah" who was the daughter of his dear friend, Ḥadrat Abū Bakr", or Ḥaḍrat Saudah" who was a widow of his servant Sakrān bin 'Amr. The Holy Prophet" told Khaula to talk with both families. Accordingly, Khaula delivered the proposal first to Ḥadḍrat Abū. Bakr and his wife, Umm Rumän". Then, she went to Hadrat Saudah bint. Zam'ah and conveyed the message to her. Hadrat Saudah and her family agreed to the proposal. Thus, in the month of Shawwal, 3 BH (February/March, 619 AD) the Nikah of the Holy Prophet” was performed with both Hadrat ‘Ä'ishah and Hadrat Saudah. Four hundred Dirhams were fixed as the Ḥaq Mehr for each of them. Ḥaḍrat Saudah's" marriage ceremony took place right away while the marriage ceremony of Ḥadrat 'A'ishah" was delayed due to her being of a relatively young age. Hadrat. Saudah was a middle-aged woman at the time of her marriage with the. Holy Prophet. According to one tradition she was fifty years old at the time of her marriage to the Holy Prophet". Thus she was very suited to taking care of the children, and immediately after the marriage she took over the care of the children and the household work. When Hadrat. Saudah grew old she gave up her share of the Holy Prophet's time in favor of Hadrat 'A'ishah. She had the honor of performing Hajj in the company of the Holy Prophet". She passed away in 27 AH at the age of 75 years. га та sa га sa га ra sa 377

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa 3. га. Hadrat 'A'ishahra sa га ra га sa sa. Hadrat 'A'ishah was born to Ḥadrat Abu Bakr and Ḥadrat. Zainab four years after the beginning of the prophethood of the Holy. Prophet. Thus, Hadrat ‘A'ishah was the only wife of the Holy Prophet who was a Muslim by birth. The rest of the wives of the Holy Prophet had accepted Islām either by themselves or along with their parents. Her Nikah with the Holy Prophet" was performed in 619 AD. When the Holy. Prophet and Hadrat Abu Bakr got settled in Medina after the migration from Mecca, Hadrat Abu Bakr sent his slave to Mecca to bring his wife and Hadrat 'Ā'ishah" to Medina. Her marriage ceremony with the Holy. Prophet was performed when she was close to 12 years old.. Sa sa га га sa га ra sa. Hadrat 'A'ishah relates that the Holy Prophet said to her, "You have been shown to me twice in my dream. I saw you pictured on a piece of silk and someone said to me, 'This is your wife.' When I uncovered the picture, I saw that it was yours. I said, 'If this is from Allāh, it will be accomplished.'" га. Sa (Sahih Bukhari, Kitab Fada'il Ashābannabi, Bab tazwiiinnabi Khadijata wa fadliha™) sa ra. The Holy Prophet loved Ḥadrat ‘Ä'ishah very much and he, with the permission of the other wives, spent the last days of his life with. Hadrat 'A'ishah in her apartment and passed away there in her lap. ra ra ra sa. The high status of Hadrat ‘A'ishah" as a commentator, narrator of. Hadith and the one having the knowledge of Islamic Law is well established. Whenever, the Companions" of the Holy Prophet faced a tough question to tackle they usually consulted Hadrat 'A'ishah and were always satisfied with her answer to the question. She is quoted as source 378 ra

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa for many Ahadih. She has narrated 2210 Ahadith out of which 316. Ahadith are mentioned in both Sahih Al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. The sa. Holy Prophet's personal life is the topic of many traditions quoted by her. ra ra. Hadrat 'Urwah bin Zubair relates that he has seen no one more knowledgable than Ḥaḍrat ‘A'ishah" in the knowledge of the Holy Qur'ān, patrimony, Halal and Haram, Fiqh, poetry, medicine, Hadith, Arabs and genealogies. sa. Hadrat Umm Hāni" relates that the Holy Prophet said: "O 'A'ishah! Your mark should be knowledge and the Holy Qur'ān." sa ra (Musnad Imamul A'zam, Kitabal ‘Ilm, p. 20). Hadrat ‘Amr bin al-'As" relates that once he asked the Holy. Prophet, "Whom do you love the most amongst the people? He said, 'A'ishah.'" i (Sahih Muslim, Kitab Fada'il Ashabah", Bab fada'il 'A'ishah"). Ia sa. Hadrat ‘Ā'ishah narrated that the Holy Prophet said to her, "I know when you are pleased or angry with me. I said, 'How do yo know that?' He said, When you are pleased with me, you swear like this: لَا وَرَبِّ مُحَمَّدٍ la wa rabbi Muhammad. No, by the Lord of Muhammad. However, when you are angry with me, then you swear like this: 379

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa لَا وَرَبِّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ sa la wa rabbi Ibrahīm. No, by the Lord of Ibrāhīm sa. Then, I said, 'Yes, but by Allāh, O Messenger of Allah, I leave out only your name. There is not a slightest change in my love for you.'" sa га ra ra (Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, Kitab Fada'il Ashabah", Bab fada'il ‘A'ishah") ra sa. Hadrat 'A'ishah relates that she was travelling with the Holy. Prophet when she competed in a race with the Holy Prophet. Hadrat 'A'ishah passed ahead of the Holy Prophet". However, when she had gained some weight they had another race in which the Holy Prophet passed ahead of her in the race and he said: "O ‘Ã'ishah! I have avenged my defeat in the previous competition." ra sa (Sunan Abū Dawūd, Kitabul Jihad, Bab fissabaq ‘alarrajul) sa sa. Hadrat ‘A'ishah spent nine years with the Holy Prophet. She lived for 48 years after the sad demise of the Holy Prophet". She passed away in 57 AH when she was 66 years old. She is buried in "Jannatul. Baqi" in Medina. She accompanied the Holy Prophet" in the Battles of. Uhud and During the Battle of Uhud she used to carry water and give it the wounded. She had the honor of performing Hajj in the company of the. Holy Prophet. • sa га. Sa. There were two incidents in the life of Hadrat 'A'ishah which are well discussed and recorded, one is the accusation of the enemies of Islām that Hadrat 'A'ishah" was underage at the time the Holy Prophet married her and the other is the incident when the hypocrites falsely accused. Hadrat 'A'ishah of an immoral behavior and spread a lot of propaganda 380 га

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa about it. The second incident was very painful for both the Holy Prophet and Ḥaḍrat ‘Ã'ishah". However, God Almighty revealed the facts to the. Holy Prophet and exonerated Hadrat ‘Ã'ishah”. sa ra Ḥadrat 'A'ishah's a Age at the Time of Her. Marriage With the Holy Prophetsa sa га sa sa ra. Sa. Some of the Orientalists criticize that the Holy Prophet married women of very young age and particularly they mention that Hadrat 'A'ishah" was of an unusually young age when the Holy. Prophet married her. This criticism is unwaranted. The fact is that at the time of the Holy Prophet it was customary to marry a girl who had reached puberty irrespective of how old she was. Due to the climate of the area and diet of the people the girls usually achieved puberty at a very young age. Ḥaḍrat ‘A'ishah was about nine years old when her parents requested to perform her Nikah with the Holy Prophet", and that was according to the Arab customs. She was married to the Holy Prophet when she was twelve years old. If it was objectionable to marry a girl at a young age, certainly the Holy Prophet" would not have married his daughters at a young age. The first marriages of Hadrat Zainab",. Hadrat Ruqayyah", and Hadrat Ummi Kulthūm", the daughters of the Holy Prophet", took place at a very young age. When Ḥadrat. Ruqayyah married a second time with Hadrat 'Uthman, she was less than 12 years old. When she migrated with her husband,. Hadrat 'Uthman, to Abyssinia she was 12 years old. ra ra га sa га ra sa та Ḥaḍrat Mirzā Bashir Aḥmad has presented the following view about the age of Hadrat 'A'ishah" at the time of her marriage sa with the Holy Prophet" which is based on a tradition narrated by 381

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa 382 ra. Sa. Ibn Sa'd in his 'Tabaqāt: "Hadrat ‘A'ishah" was born in the beginning of the 4th year of prophethood. As the Holy Prophet migrated from Mecca in the month of Rabi'ul Awwal of 14th. Nabuwwah (prophethood), the age of Hadrat 'A'ishah" at the time of migration comes to a few months more than 10 years. She got married in the month of Shawwal of 2 AH. Thus the difference between migration and her marriage is a few months less than two years. By adding up this period with her age at the time of the marriage, which is a few months more than 10 years, gives us her age of 12 years at the time of her marriage.". Slander. Hypocrites ra ra. Against Ḥaḍrat ‘Ä'ishah by the sa ra. While returning from the Battle of Banu Mustaliq Haḍrat 'A'ishah was with the Holy Prophet". When the army reached near. Medina the Holy Prophet" ordered the army to move during the night time. When Hadrat 'A'ishah" heard the order she went away for human needs. When she returned she noticed that her necklace was missing. To search for the necklace Hadrat 'A'ishah went back to the place where she had gone earlier. In the meantime, the members of the caravan picked up the Haudah (a seat used on a camel, in which the ladies travel) and placed it on the camel without realizing that Hadrat 'A'ishah" was not inside the Haudah.. Since Hadrat 'A'ishah" was of a young age and also slender, she did not weigh much, so the caravan people did not notice her absence.. When Haḍrat 'A'ishah" returned after searching for her necklace, the caravan had already left. Hadrat 'A'ishah stayed at the same place and since it was late at night she fell sleep. Hadrat Safwan bin. Mu'attal, one of the Companions" of the Holy Prophet", who was assigned the duty to come back after the caravan has left to check га

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa ra ra ra га that nothing was left behind, found Hadrat 'A'ishah sleeping there.. He made Hadrat ‘Ã'ishah sit on his camel and brought her to the. Muslim army. Hadrat ‘A'ishah" returned to Medina with the army.. The hypocrites used this incidence to slander Hadrat 'A'ishah" and spread wrong information about her. The leader of this conspiracy was 'Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salūl. When Hadrat 'A'ishah" came to know of the slander against her she went to her parents' house and stayed there till she was cleared of the slander by God. Almighty through revelation to the Holy Prophet".. This incident is mentioned in the Holy Qur'an as follows: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ جَاءُو بِالإِفْكِ عُصْبَةٌ مِنْكُمْ لَا تَحْسَبُوهُ شَرًّا لَّكُمْ بَلْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ لِكُلِّ امْرِىءٍ مِّنْهُم مَّا اكْتَسَبَ مِنَ الإِثْمِ وَ الَّذِي تَوَلَّى كِبْرَهُ مِنْهُمْ لَهُ عَذَابٌ عَظِيْم 0 لَوْلَا إِذْ سَمِعْتُمُوْهُ ظَنَّ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَالْمُؤْمِنتُ بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ خَيْرًا لا وَّ قَالُوْا هَذَا إِفْكُ مُّبِينٌ 0 innalladhina jā'u bil ifki ‘usbatumminkum la taḥsabūhu sharrallakum bal huwa khairullakum likullimri'immin hummaktasaba minal ithmi walladhi tawalla kibrahū minhum lahū ‘adhābun ‘azım lau la idh sami‘tumūhu zannal mu'minūna wal mu'minātu bi anfusihim khairañwwa qālū hadha ifkummubin. Verily, those who brought forth the lie are a party from among you. Think it not to be an evil for you; nay, it is good for you. Every one of them 383

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa shall have his share of what he has earned of the sin; and he among them who took the chief part therein shall have a grievous punishment. Why did not the believing men and believing women, when you heard of it, think well of their own people, and say, 'This is a manifest lie?' (24:12-13). Then the punishment for false accusation of adultery was promulgated through the revelation of the following: وَالَّذِيْنَ يَرْمُوْنَ الْمُحْصَنَتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوْا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ فَاجْلِدُوْهُمْ ثَمُنِيْنَ جَلْدَةً وَّلَا تَقْبَلُوْا لَهُمْ شَهَادَةً اَبَدًا ، وَالْئِكَ هُمُ الْفَسِقُوْنَ لا 384 walladhina yarmūnal muḥṣanāti thumma lam ya'tū bi arbaʻatin shuhada'a fajlidūhum thamānīna jaldatañwwa la taqbalū lahum shahādatan abadan wa ula'ika humul fasiqūn. And those who calumniate chaste women but bring not four witnesses flog them with eighty stripes, and never admit their evidence thereafter, and it is they that are the transgressors. (24:5) ra. In pursuit of the above Qur'anic injunction, those who had spread the false accusation of Ḥadrat 'A'ishah" were flogged eighty stripes each. Hadrat 'A'ishah's health improved and she returned to her quarter. Soon she reclaimed her previous high status in the heart and mind of the Holy Prophet" and with all the Muslims.. An Interesting Episode sa. Hadrat Muhammad bin Qais" bin Makhramah bin Muttalib once said: "Should I relate to you an incident from myself and my

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa sa sa sa sa sa ra sa за 6 mother? We speculated that he was going to relate from his mother.. However, he said: 'Hadrat 'A'ishah once said that she was going to tell us about an incident: 'One night, when it was the turn of the. Holy Prophet to stay with me, the Holy Prophet changed his clothes, took off his shoes and went to bed. After a short while, the. Holy Prophet, thought that I had fallen asleep, silently got out of the bed, changed his clothes, put on his shoes, and went outside.. However, I was awake. So, I covered myself well with a sheet and followed the Holy Prophet. I saw him enter the Jannatul Baqi where he prayed for a long time. Then he raised his hands thrice and turned back. I also turned back. When the Holy Prophet walked fast, I also walked fast. When he walked faster, I walked faster than him. I reached the house before him and lay on the bed.. The Holy Prophet came inside and asked: 'O 'A'ishah! What is the matter? Why are you out of breath?' I said, 'Nothing.' The Holy. Prophet said: 'There is something. Tell me or my All-Knowing. God will tell me.' I said: 'O Messenger of Allah! May my father and mother be sacrificed for you! And I told him everything.' The. Holy Prophet said, 'So, the shadow I saw in front of me at some distance was you?' I said: 'O Messenger of Allāh! Yes, It was me.'. He nudged me and said: 'Do you think that the Messenger of Allāh will transgress, be unjust to you and usurp your rights?' I thought (to myself) that people keep matters secret from others, but Allāh. Knows all. Then the Holy Prophet" said: 'The fact is that Gabriel had come to me silently so that you would not find out about it.. That is why I kept it secret from you. Gabriel did not want to face you while you were sleeping in your night dress and I also thought that since you were asleep it was not proper to wake you up.. Gabriel called me outside and said: 'Your Lord commands you to visit the Jannatul Baqi' and pray for the forgiveness (of the martyrs).' 'A'ishah asked: 'What should we pray at the graves of our elders?' The Holy Prophet said to supplicate: sa sa sa sa sa sa 385

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386. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa السَّلاَمُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الدِّيَارِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ وَالْمُسْلِمِيْنَ وَيَرْحَمُ اللهُ الْمُسْتَقْدِمِيْنَ مِنَّا وَ الْمُسْتَأْخِرِيْنَ وَ إِنَّا إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ بِكُمْ للاحِقُوْنَ assalamu ‘aſa ahliddiyari minal muʼminina wal muslimina wa yarhamullahul mustaqdimina minna wal musta'khirina wa inna insha 'allahu bikum la laḥiqūn. O Muslims! Peace and blessings of Allāh be upon the dwellers of the graveyard. The Mercy of Allah be upon all those who have preceded us and those who will join later on. God willing, surely, soon we will join you .' ↑ " (Sahih Muslim, Kitabul Jana'iz, Bāb mã yuqal 'idhā dakhūlul qabūr waddu'a li ahliha). The Battle of the Jamal (Camel) ra га га ra. After the death of the Holy Prophet", in the early days of the Khilafat of Hadrat ‘Ali, an insurrection was led against Ḥadrat "Ali" by the supporters of Ṭalḥa and Az-Zubair. Hadrat ‘Ã'ishah™ joined them in the battle and fought against the forces of Ḥadrat ‘Ali". During the battle Ḥadrat ‘Ā'ishah was mounted on a camel.. That is why this battle is called, the "Battle of Jamal". After a pitch battle amongst the forces of Hadrat 'Ali and the rebels, the rebels were defeated. Both Talha and Az-Zubair were killed and Hadrat ‘Ã'ishah was taken in protective custody. Hadrat ‘Ã'ishah" was allowed to return to Medina under the supervision of her brother,. Hadrat Muhammad bin Abū Bakr", who was fighting with the forces of Hadrat ‘Ali™. га га га га ra

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa 4.. Hadrat Hafsah™ª sa га та ra ra sa ra ra ra ra ra sa ra ra га га. Hadrat Hafsah was the daughter of Hadrat Umar". She was first married to Ḥaḍrat Khunais bin Ḥudhāfah As-Sahmi" who participated in the Battle of Badr. Upon returning from Badr to Medina, Hadrat Khunais became ill and died due to the illness. Thus, Hadrat Hafsah" became a widow at a very young age. She was just 20 years old. Hadrat 'Umar started to look for a suitable match for her. Hadrat 'Umar first asked. Hadrat Abu Bakr to marry Ḥadrat Ḥafṣah". However, Abū Bakr refused.. Then, Hadrat 'Umar" asked Ḥadrat ‘Uthmān" to marry his daughter,. Hafsah Hadrat 'Uthman" also excused himself. Hadrat 'Umar" felt sadness due to these refusals. He went to the Holy Prophet" and complained about the refusal by Hadrat Abu Bakr and Hadrat ‘Uthmān to marry his daughter. The Holy Prophet had earlier mentioned to Hadrat. Abu Bakr about his intention to marry Hadrat Hafsah. This was the reason that Hadrat Abu Bakr had refused to marry Hadrat Hafsah". The. Holy Prophet himself sent the message to Ḥadrat ‘Umar" to marry Ḥadrat. Hafsah. Hadrat ‘Umar" happily agreed to the proposal and the marriage of. Hadrat Hafsah" to the Holy Prophet" took place in the month of Sha'ban, 3. AH (i.e., February 625). Ḥadrat Hafṣah being the daughter of Hadrat "Umar had high status amongst the wives of the Holy Prophet. Ḥadrat Ḥafṣah could read and write which she had learned from Ḥaḍrat Shifa' bint ‘Abdullāh. She possessed a copy of the Holy Qur'ān. She had the opportunity to perform Hajj in the company of the Holy Prophet. She passed away in 45 AH at the age of 63 years. There are 60 Aḥādīth in the book of the Aḥadith which were related by Hadrat Ḥafṣah™. ra ra ra га sa ra ra ra га га та ra sa ra sa 387

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa ra 5. Haḍrat Zainab bint Khuzaimah™ª та ra Ḥaḍrat Zainab was first married to Hadrat Tufail. When Ḥadrat. Tufail divorced her, she was married to Ḥaḍrat ‘Ubaidah” who was the brother of Hadrat Tufail". Hadrat ‘Ubaidah" was martyred in the Battle of. Badr. She married a third time with Hadrat ‘Abdullah bin Jahsh who was sa sa га ra martyred in the Battle of Uhud. Thus, Hadrat Zainab had lost her husbands one after the other in two battles. This gave her a unique status due to which the Holy Prophet" sent the message to marry her which she accepted. She was married to the Holy Prophet in Safr, 4 AH (i.e., July 625) at the age of 30 years. However, she passed away just a couple of months after the marriage in Rabi'ul Akhir, 4 AH. She was buried in the. Jannatul Baqi' graveyard. Due to her passion for serving the poor she was often called as the "Ummul Masakin". 6. Hadrat Ummi Salamah™ª га ra ra ra. In the early days of Islam when the Quraish were persecuting. Muslims in Mecca, Hadrat Ummi Salamah bint Abi Umayyah" with her husband, 'Abdullah ibn 'Abdul Asad, and their son migrated to Medina.. However, on the way to Medina Ummi Salamah's" tribe stopped them and refused to let Hadrat Ummi Salamah go with her husband. Thus, her husband left for Medina with his son without her. She was really saddened and for a year she would sit in front of her house and cry remembering her husband and son whom she missed so much. Ultimately, someone from her tribe took pity upon her and convinced the tribe's people to let her go to her husband. So she was united with her family in Medina and there she gave birth to three more children and then her husband was martyred in the. Battle of Uhud. After a few months of her becoming a widow, Hadrat Abū. Bakr sent a message to marry her. However, she politely refused. Then, 388 ra

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa ra sa. Hadrat ‘Umar asked her to marry him. Again she refused to marry. She had four children (Salamah, 'Umar, Zainab and Durra) and no assets or income to support them. Under these circumstances, the Holy Prophet sent her a message to marry her. Initially, she was reluctant. However, later on she agreed to marry the Holy Prophet". This marriage became an excellent example for the Muslims of marrying widows with children. sa sa ra. With respect to age, Hadrat Ummi Salamah" was the oldest of the wives of the Holy Prophet. Probably, this was the reason that the Holy. Prophet in his daily routine of visiting his wives after the 'Asr Prayer used to visit first Hadrat Ummi Salamah™ and at the last Hadrat ‘Ä'ishah" and then he would go to the quarter of the wife whose turn was on that day. sa ra га ". Hadrat Ummi Salamah" was always seeking blessings from the. Holy Prophet. One such an incident is mentioned in one of the traditions which is as follows: sa sa sa sa. Hadrat Abū Mūsā narrates, "I and Hadrat Bilāl were with the Holy. Prophet when he was encamping at Ji'rānah (a place between Mecca and. Medina) during the Battle of Ta'if. A Bedouin came to the Holy Prophet and said, 'Won't you fulfill what you have promised me?' The Holy. Prophet said, 'Rejoice.' The Bedouin said, 'You have said to me 'rejoice' too many times.' Then the Holy Prophet" turned to me and Bilal and said, "The Bedouin has refused the good tidings, so you both accept them.' Bilāl and I said, 'We accept them.' Then the Holy Prophet" asked for a bowl of water and washed his hands and face in it. Then he took a mouthful of water and spit it back into the bowl and said, 'Drink of it and pour on your faces and chests and be happy at the good tidings.' So they both did as instructed by the Holy Prophet". Hadrat Ummi Salamah" who was seeing all this from behind a curtain called and said, 'Keep some blessed water for your mother.' So they left some water for her." sa ra (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Maghazi, Ghazwah Ta'if) 389

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. S8 ra 38. Hadrat Ummi Salamah" died at the age of eighty-four. She was the last one to die amongst the wives of the Holy Prophet. She had migrated to Abyssinia and also to Medina. She could read and thus played a major role in the education and moral training of the Muslim women. There are 349 Ahadith in the books of the Ahadith which are related by Hadrat га sa. Ummi Salamah. She had the opportunity to travel with the Holy Prophet during the battles of Ahzab, Hudaibiyyah, Khaibar, Wadi al-Qura, Fadak, the Conquest of Mecca, Hunain, Autas and Ta'if. In this regard she had superiority over all other wives of the Holy Prophet". Furthermore, she also had the opportunity to perform Hajj in the company of the Holy. Prophet". 7.. Hadrat Zainab bint Jaḥshra ra sa ra ra га sa. Hadrat Zainab bint Jahsh" was a cousin of the Holy Prophet. Hadrat Zaid was a slave of Hadrat Khadijah who had given Hadrat Zaid™* to the Holy Prophet". The Holy Prophet" had freed him and had raised him as a son. The Holy Prophet" thought that Hadrat Zainab would be a good match for Hadrat Zaid". Furthermore, the marriage of an ex-slave with a woman belonging to a noble family would set a good example of marriage based on qualities other than the nobility or wealth of a person.. The family of Hadrat Zainab was shocked at the proposal and refused to marry Ḥadrat Zainab with Hadrat Zaid". At that time, this verse of the. Holy Qur'an was revealed: ra ra وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ وَّ لَا مُؤْمِنَةٍ إِذَا قَضَى اللَّهُ وَرَسُوْلُه أَمْرًا أَنْ يُكُوْنَ لَهُمُ الْخِيَرَةُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ وَمَنْ يُعْصِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلاً مُّبِيْنَاهُ 390

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. S8 wa mä kana li mu'miniñwwa la mu'minatin idha qadallahu wa rasuluhū amran añyyakūna lahumul khiyaratu min amrihim wa mañyya'sillaha wa rasūlahū faqad dalla dalalammubīnā. And it behooves not a believing man or a believing woman, when Allah and His. Messenger have decided a matter, that there should be a choice for them in the matter concerning them. And whoso disobeys Allāh and His Messenger, surely strays away in manifest error. (33:37) ra. Thus, the family of Hadrat Zainab agreed to marry their daughter with Ḥaḍrat Zaid. However, the marriage had problems and was not a happy marriage. Hadrat Zaid" was patient for a long time but the situation did not change. Ultimately, Hadrat Zaid" divorced Hadrat Zainab". In those days it was a custom to free a slave and adopt him as a son. The adopted son was given the family name and he was eligible for inheritance as their own sons. Similarly, they considered marriage to an adopted son's wife forbidden as it was to the wife of their blood-related son. However, an adopted son was not like a blood-related son in the sight of Allāh. ra га ra. When Hadrat Zaid divorced Hadrat Zainab, the Holy Prophet* was commanded by Allāh to marry Hadrat Zainab™. The underlying reason for this marriage was to establish that an adopted son is not like a blood-related son. Because of the long-established tradition of accepting an adopted son as a blood-related son among the Arabs, it was difficult for them to understand this new order that the adopted son is not the same as a blood-related son. Their reservation changed with the revelation of the following verse of the Holy Qur'ān: sa وَ إِذْ تَقُوْلُ لِلَّذِي أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْسِكَ عَلَيْكَ زَوْجَكَ ، اللهُ وَاتَّقِ اللهَ وَتُخْفِي فِي نَفْسِكَ مَا اللَّهُ مُبْدِيْهِ وَتَخْشَى النَّاسَ وَ ج اَحَقُّ أَنْ تَخْشُهُ ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى زَيْدُ مِنْهَا وَطَرًا زَوْجُلُكَهَا لِكَيْ لَا يَكُوْنَ 391

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ حَرَجٌ فِي أَزْوَاجِ اَدْعِيَائِهِمْ إِذَا قَضَوْا مِنْهُنَّ وَطَرَاء وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللهِ مَفْعُولاً ) wa idh taqūlu lilladhi an‘amallahu 'alaihi wa anʻamta ‘alaihi amsik ‘alaika zaujaka wattaqillaha wa tukhfi fi nafsika mallahu mubdihi wa takhshannāsa wallahu aḥaqqu an takhshāhu fa lammā qada zaidumminha wataran zawwajnākahā likai la yakuna ‘alal muʼminīna ḥarajun fi azwāji adʻiya'ihim idha qaḍau minhunna wataran wa kana amrullahi maf˜ūla. And remember when you did say to him on whom Allāh had bestowed favors and on whom you also had bestowed favors: 'Keep your wife to yourself, and fear. Allāh.' And you did conceal in your heart what Allāh was going to bring to light, and you were afraid of the people, whereas Allāh has better right that you should fear Him. Then, when Zaid had accomplished his want of her so as to have no further need of her, We joined her in marriage to you, so that there may be no hindrance for the believers with regard to the wives of their adopted sons, when they have accomplished their want of them. And Allah's decree must be fulfilled. (33:38) га ra. Accordingly, the Holy Prophet" obeyed the commandment of. Allāh and married Hadrat Zainab". The marriage took place sometime before the Battle of Mustaliq either in Jamādi aththānī or in Rajab, 5 AH (i.e., 626 AD). Hadrat Zainab was a cousin of the Holy Prophet*. Her brother, Hadrat Abū Aḥmad bin Jaḥsh acted as her guardian at the Nikah. Ceremony. The Haq Mahr was fixed as 400 Dirhams. On the second or the third day of the wedding the Walima was held. Due to the special significance of this marriage the Walima function was rather elaborate. At the time of the marriage Ḥadrat Zainab™" was 37 years old. She was a very charitable woman. She was expert in sewing clothes. She used to sew the clothes and distribute these among the poor. The Holy Prophet* once said 392 ra

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa about her that she was the mother of the charitable. Once the Holy. Prophet said to his wives: sa أَسْرَعُكُنَّ لَحَاقَا بي أَطْوَلُكُنَّ يَدًا بی asra'u kunna lahaqan bi atwalukunna yadan (In the hereafter) the one (amongst you) who will meet me the first is the one who has longest hands ra (Sahih Muslim, Kitab Al-Fada'il As-Sahabah, Bab faḍa'il Zainab Ummil Mu'minin) sa ra sa га. Hadrat 'A'ishah states that upon hearing this saying of the Holy. Prophet all the wives of the Holy Prophet started measuring the length of their hands by placing a hand on a wall. Hadrat Saudah had the longest hands. However, Hadrat Zainab was the one who passed away before the other wives of the Holy Prophet". Then we realized that what was meant by having the longest hands in the saying of the Holy Prophet" was that the one who is the most charitable. га sa (Sahih Bukhari, Kitābuz Zakāt, Bab ayyu sadqatu afḍal) ra та. During his Khilafat, Hadrat ‘Umar" sent a pile of gold to Hadrat. Zainab which was her share of the gold which fell into their hands as war booty when the Persians were defeated by the Muslims. Ḥadrat Zainab¨ told her maid to call the poor of Medina and distribute the gold among them. When all of the gold was distributed, Hadrat Zainab asked her maid to remove the cover from another pile. When she removed the cover there were eighty Dinārs. Hadrat Zainab" accepted the Dinars as her share and thanked God Almighty. га га ra. Hadrat Zainab was a very broadminded, pious and honest woman. 393

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Sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Although she had some personal differences with Ḥadrat ‘Ä'ishah, when the Holy Prophet" asked Hadrat Zainab" for her observation about the incident of slander against Hadrat ‘A'ishah by the hypocrites, she said it is nothing but clearly a slander against Hadrat 'A'ishah". ra sa. Hadrat Zainab passed away in 20 AH at the age of 52 years in. Medina. She travelled along with the Holy Prophet" during the Conquest of. Mecca and Battles of Ḥunain, Autas and Ta'if. She also had the honor of performing Hajj with the Holy Prophet. sa 8.. Hadrat Juwairiyyahta ra га ra. The tribe of Banu Mustaliq was preparing to attack the Muslims.. When the Muslims came to know of their preparations to attack them, they attacked first and defeated the enemy. Hadrat Juwairiyyah bint al-Ḥārith belonged to the tribe of Banu Muṣṭaliq and was one of the prisoners captured in the Battle of Mustaliq. The prisoners were brought to Medina and were distributed among the Muslims. During the division of the prisoners, an Anşar, Hadrat Thabit bin Qais" was given custody of her. Her name was Barrah. Barrah made an agreement with Hadrat Thabit bin Qais about her freedom based on the principle of 'Mukātbat'. That is, if she paid him such an amount as ransom she would become a free woman. She was worried that she will be used to collect a large amount of ransom from her father. She went to see the Holy Prophet" and talked with him about her dilemma. She told the Holy Prophet" that she is the daughter of a chief of. Banu Mustaliq and she needs assistance with the payment of her freedom money. The Holy Prophet" understood the problem and wanted to save her and her tribe from further difficulties. The Holy Prophet" thought that the marriage with her would open the ways for spreading the message of Islām to her tribe's people. Therefore, he decided to pay the ransom for her freedom and to marry her. The Holy Prophet" sent her the proposal for 394 sa sa sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa ra sa marriage which she wholeheartedly accepted. The Holy Prophet" changed her name from Barrah to Juwairiyyah. The marriage took place in Sha'ban, 5 AH. (i.e., December, 626). At the time of her marriage Ḥadrat. Juwairiyyah was 25 years old. After marrying Hadrat Juwairiyyah", the. Holy Prophet felt it against the status of a Prophet" that his in-laws were his prisoners. Accordingly, the Holy Prophet freed hundreds of prisoners without collecting any ransom and all the war booty collected from Banū. Mustaliq was returned. sa sa sa га (As-Siratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Vol. 3, p.295) sa. This had a positive effect upon the Banu Mustaliq tribe. Hadrat 'A'ishah" used to say that Hadrat Juwairiyyah" turned out to be a very blessed person for her tribe. This openheartedness of the Holy Prophet won the hearts and minds of the people of the Banu Mustaliq tribe and they soon accepted Islām. Ḥadrat Juwairiyyah" had the honor of performing Hajj in the company of the Holy Prophet". Hadrat. Juwairiyyah was 70 years old when she passed away in Rabi'ul Awwal, 50 AH. According to one tradition she passed away at the age of 75 years in 56 AH. There are seven Aḥadīth attributed to Hadrat Juwairiyyah" in ra the various books of the Ahadith. 88 sa sa га sa га. According to one tradition, the father of Ḥaḍrat Juwairiyyah came to the Holy Prophet to request the freedom of his daughter. Staying in the company of the Holy Prophet he accepted Islām and then he married his daughter willingly to the Holy Prophet". According to another tradition when Harith, the father of Hadrat Juwairiyyah", came to see the Holy. Prophet he said to the Holy Prophet" that he is a leader of a tribe as such his daughter could not be kept as a prisoner. The Holy Prophet* told him that Hadrat Juwairiyyah" should be asked for her opinion. If she would like to get freedom and go home we would let her go. However, if she sa sa 395

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa sa decides to stay with us then she can stay with us. When Hadrat. Juwairiyyah was asked for her opinion, she preferred to become a. Muslim and stay in the company of the Holy Prophet". Accordingly, the. Holy Prophet freed her and then married her. sa 9. Hadrat Safiyyaha ra ra sa sa. Hadrat Safiyyah was the daughter of Huyyay ibn Akhtab, the chief of the Banu Nadir tribe. She was brought to the Holy Prophet as a captive after the Battle of Khaibar in which the Muslims had defeated the Jews. At the time of the distribution of the prisoners of war she was allotted to. Hadrat Dihyah Kalbi". One of the Companions" of the Holy Prophet* mentioned to the Holy Prophet" that Ḥadrat Safiyyah" who had been given to Hadrat Dihyah Kalbi™ is a princess of Banu Naḍir and Banu Quraiza.. She deserves none other than you. Accordingly, the Holy Prophet" sent the message to Ḥadrat Diḥyah Kalbi™ regarding his decision to marry Hadrat Şafiyyah. Hadrat Diḥyah Kalbi" sent Ḥadrat Ṣafiyyah" to the Holy. Prophet*. The Holy Prophet" treated her with respect and told her that if she would like to stick to her religion there would not be any pressure put on her to change her decision. However, if she accepts Islām it will be a blessing for her. Hadrat Şafiyyah" accepted Islām as her religion. At this, the Holy Prophet freed her and gave her the option that either she can become his wife or go back to her family. Hadrat Şafiyyah" preferred to marry the Holy Prophet". Accordingly, the Holy Prophet married her and her freedom was considered as her Ḥaq Mehr. The marriage took place in. Safr, 7 AH (i.e., June, 628). At the time of her marriage, Hadrat Şafiyyah™ was 17 years old. When Ḥadrat Şafiyyah" agreed to marry the Holy. Prophet, the Companions" of the Holy Prophet" were keen to see whether she observed Purdah or not. If she observed Purdah that meant she is the sa sa та га sa ra ra 396

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa ra sa ra. Mother of the Faithful. The Holy Prophet" made her observe Purdah from which everyone came to know that she had become the Mother of the. Faithful. On the third day after returning from Khaibar when the Holy. Prophet along with his Companions" reached a place called Sahbā, proper arrangements were made for the wedding ceremony. Hadrat Umm Sulaim", the mother of Ḥaḍrat Anas bin Mālik" prepared Ḥaḍrat Şafiyyah" as a bride and the wedding took place. The next day, the Holy Prophet* told. Hadrat Bilal to spread the tablecloth. Dates, cheese and butter were placed on the tablecloth which everyone ate together. This was the Walima ceremony. There was no bread or meat served in this function. ra sa га ra ra sa га sa. Being the daughter of a great chief, the only way she could avoid being a slave was to marry the Holy Prophet". Her father Ḥuyyay Ibn. Akhtab was a staunch enemy of the Holy Prophet" and was determined to destroy Islām. However, Hadrat Şafiyyah" accepted Islām and became the wife of the Holy Prophet". Hadrat Safiyyah" had difficulty adjusting as wife of the Holy Prophet" because the other wives of the Holy Prophet belonged to the Quraish and other Arab tribes and they considered themselves better than Hadrat Şafiyyah" who came from a Jewish family.. She was so annoyed with the attitude of the other wives of the Holy. Prophet that she could not bear it any more. So she complained to the. Holy Prophet while her eyes were overflowing with tears. The Holy. Prophet told her to tell his other wives who annoy her that she is better than them as the Holy Prophet" is her husband, Moses" is her great granduncle and Aaron" is her great grandfather. This made her happy and after this talk with the Holy Prophet" she never felt inferior to anyone of the wives of the Holy Prophet. sa sa sa as sa sa sa as (Jami' Tirmidhi, Abwäbul Manaqib Fi Fadli Azwājin Nabiyyi") ra. Hadrat Safiyyah was a widow of Kinānah ibn al-Rabi', a Chief of. Khaibar who was killed in the siege of Khaibar, when she was married to 397

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa sa ra the Holy Prophet. The Holy Prophet saw that Ḥadrat Safiyyah had a mark on her face which appeared to be an impression of a hand. The Holy. Prophet asked Ḥadrat Şafiyyah" about the mark on her face. Ḥaḍrat sa ra Şafiyyah stated the following: "I saw the moon fall in my lap in a dream. I related the dream to my husband. No sooner had I related the dream than my husband gave a heavy slap on my face and said, 'You desire to marry the king of Arabia". The moon was the national emblem of Arabia. The moon in the lap denoted some intimate connection with the king of Arabia.. Sa (Life of Muḥammad, Haḍrat Mirzā Bashiruddin Maḥmūd Aḥmad, p. 125) га sa. Hadrat Safiyyah passed away in the month of Ramadan, 50 AH.. At the time of her demise she was 60 years old. During the travel from. Khaibar to Medina she accompanied the Holy Prophet. She also had the opportunity to perform Hajj along with the Holy Prophet". There are ten. Ahadith in the books of the Ahadith which have been related by Hadrat Şafiyyah". sa sa sa sa га. When the Holy Prophet" became seriously ill, Hadrat Şafiyyah™ along with the other wives of the Holy Prophet" was with the Holy. Prophet. Seeing the Holy Prophet" in such a condition, Ḥadrat Şafiyyah™ said, "I wish that the Holy Prophet becomes completely healthy and I get his disease." Hearing this, the other wives looked at each other. At this, the. Holy Prophet said: sa sa وَاللَّهِ إِنَّهَا لَصَادِقَةً 398 wallāhi innahā laṣādiqatun. By Allah! She is truthful.

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa. An Interesting Episode sa sa. Hadrat Safiyyah bint Huyyay", the Mother of the Faithful relates: "The Holy Prophet" was in retreat in the mosque, and I went there to see him one evening. After finishing talking with me he stood up to accompany me a part of the way. Two men passed by us and when they saw the Holy Prophet" they quickened their pace.. The Holy Prophet called out to them: 'Stop a moment. This is my wife, Safiyyah bint Huyyay.' They expostulated: 'Holy is Allāh,. Messenger of Allāh.' The Holy Prophet observed: 'Satan courses through a man's mind like the circulation of the blood, and I apprehended lest Satan might create suspicion in your minds.' Or he said something similar to it.'" sa. Sa (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul I'tikaf, Bāb hal yakhrujul mu‘takif li ḥawā'ijih, p272/1, Sahih Muslim, p 202/9) 10. Hadrat Ummi Habībah™ª га sa га sa ra га. Hadrat Ummi Habībah" was the daughter of Hadrat Abū Sufyan who at one time was a staunch enemy of the Holy Prophet" and had fought against the Muslims in many battles. Her actual name was Ramla bint Abū. Sufyan. She had accepted Islām along with her husband, 'Ubaidullah ibn. Jaḥsh“. ‘Ubaidullah ibn Jaḥsh" was the brother of Ḥadrat Zainab, the wife of the Holy Prophet". Both had migrated to Abyssinia where their daughter. Habibah was born. After the birth of Habibah she became known as Ummi Ḥabībah. In Abyssinia her husband embraced Christianity. He tried to persuade her to do the same. However, she held on to Islām. She found herself in a terrible situation. She did not want to stay with her husband and could not go to her father who was an arch enemy of the Holy Prophet™.. She separated from her husband and lived with her daughter under miserable conditions. However, she remained a staunch Muslim. Allāh rewarded her for her steadfastness in Islām. sa 399

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa 58 та sa ra sa ra. When the Holy Prophet" sent a message to king Negus through 'Amr bin Umayyah al-Zumar asking him to let the immigrants return. He also asked the king to perform his Nikah with Hadrat Ummi Habibah. Upon receiving this message the king started to make preparations for the marriage. One day a maid of Negus, the king of Abyssinia, brought to her a message from the king. The message was that the Holy Prophet would like to marry her. Hadrat Ummi Habibah" was overjoyed to receive the marriage proposal. She accepted the proposal and in happiness gave her silver bangles and rings as a gift to the maid. The king prepared the dowry for Ḥaḍrat Ummi Ḥabībah" and asked her to appoint someone as her guardian. She appointed Hadrat Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-'As" as her guardian. It was the Will of God that she was chosen to be the wife of the. Holy Prophet. The marriage ceremony took place in Abyssinia even though the Holy Prophet" was not present there. The king invited Ḥaḍrat. Ja'far and other Muslims present in Abyssinia for the Nikah ceremony and he himself delivered the Khutbah Nikah. Hadrat Khālid ibn Sa'īd made a speech in reply to the king's sermon. On behalf of the Holy. Prophet, Negus offered a dowry of four hundred Dinars to Hadrat Ummi га sa га ra. Habibah. It was a large sum of money which she badly needed at that sa time. A huge wedding feast was prepared on behalf of the Holy Prophet after the ceremony. The Nikah ceremony was held in the month of. Muharram, 7 AH (i.e., May 628). та. In those days, it was difficult for the Muslims to travel from. Abyssinia to Medina. Therefore, Hadrat Ummi Habībah" lived in. Abyssinia for six years and when the situation changed and the Muslims. were able to return from Abyssinia to Medina she went back to Medina and lived with the Holy Prophet". It was Negus who made the arrangements to send her to Medina by boat under the supervision of. Shurāḥbil bin Hasana. When Hadrat Ummi Habībah" arrived in Medina from Abyssinia she was thirty years old. ra 400

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa sa sa га sa. Hadrat Ummi Habibah" had such a high degree of honor for the. Holy Prophet that she would not mind sacrificing her love for her father for the sake of the Holy Prophet". Once, Abu Sufyan came to Medina to see the Holy Prophet" to get the time period of the Hudaibiyyah Pact extended. At first, he went to the house of his daughter, Ḥaḍrat Ummi. Habibah". There, when he was about to sit at the bed of the Holy Prophet", Ḥaḍrat Ummi Ḥabībah" immediately folded the bed. Abu Sufyān realized that something is wrong. So he asked Ḥadrat Ummi Habībah", "Does the bed not deserve me or do I not deserve the bed?" Hadrat Ummi Habibah told him that the bed belongs to the Holy Prophet" and he being a disbeliever and impure person does not deserve to sit on this bed. sa sa ra. Hadrat Zainab bint Abi Salmah™ relates: "I visited Ḥaḍrat Ummi. Habibah, wife of the Holy Prophet" when her father Abu Sufyān had died. She sent for a yellow perfume and rubbed it on one of her maids and then rubbed it on both her own cheeks and said: "I had no desire for perfume except that I heard the Holy Prophet" say from the pulpit: 'It is not permissible for a woman who believes in Allãäh and the Last Day that she should mourn a dead person for more than three days except in the case of her husband when the period of mourning is four months and ten days.'. Zainab then continued, 'I then visited Zainab bint Jahsh when her brother died and she sent for perfume and rubbed some of it on herself and said, 'I have no need for perfume except that I heard the Holy Prophet" say from the pulpit: 'It is not permissible for a woman who believes in Allah and the. Last Day that she should mourn a dead person for more than three days except in the case of her husband when the period is four months and ten days.' (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Janā'iz, Bab ahadadal mirāta ‘ala ghairi zaujihā) ra га. Hadrat A'ishah relates that when Hadrat Ummi Habibah" was close to her last days, she called me and said, "During our lives once in a while it happened that I did or said things which were unpleasant to you, I 401

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa га apologize for that. Please forgive me." I prayed for her that may God. Almighty ignore her shortcomings and forgive her. Then, Hadrat Ummi. Habibah said, 'You have made me happy, may God Almighty keep you also happy.' Then Haḍrat 'A'ishah called Ḥadrat Ummi Salmah™ and said the same which she had said to me.' га " ". Hadrat Ummi Habibah" passed away in 44 AH in Medina. At the time of her death she was 67 years old. She had the honor of performing. Hajj in the company of the Holy Prophet". She had related 65 Aḥadīth. 11. Hadrat Mariah al-Qibtiyyah™ sa sa sa га sa sa. Hadrat Mariah al-Qibtiyyah" belonged to Egypt and had started serving in the palace of Muqawqis, the ruler of Egypt, at a very young age.. When the Holy Prophet" wrote a letter to Muqawqis and sent it to him through his messenger, Hatib bin Abi Balta'ah, inviting him to accept. Islām, Mauqawqis treated the letter with great respect. He put it in an ivory box and kept it in a safe place. He asked the messenger of the Holy. Prophet to tell him in detail about the Holy Prophet". After the conversation he said to the carrier of the message of the Holy Prophet", "I was expecting the appearance of a Prophet". However, I was expecting the. Prophet to come from Syria. My people are Coptic Christians who, I think, will not accept the new Messenger. I also hate to give up my kingdom for the sake of the Messenger"." As a symbol of his great respect for the Holy Prophet", Muqawqis sent back a letter, many precious presents such as a special kind of honey, one thousand Mithqāl gold, 20 pieces of a special kind of soft cloth and two sisters, Mariah and Sīrīn to the Holy Prophet. He also sent a sturdy donkey of gray color which was named as "Duldul' and a donkey, named "Afir". He wrote a letter to the. Holy Prophet in which he had stated that the girls who are being sent to the Holy Prophet are sisters and have high status among the Coptic. Christians. The sisters arrived in Medina in 7 AH (628 AD). On the way 402 sa sa sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa га ra га from Egypt to Medina Hadrat Hāṭib bin Abī Balta'ah" preached to the girls about Islām. Both of the girls accepted Islām before reaching Medina. An old man by the name of Maboar who was accompanying the two girls did not accept Islām during the travel to Medina. However, on arrival in. Medina, after some time, he also accepted Islām. On arrival in Medina both sisters along with the king's letter and the gifts were presented to the. Holy Prophet". The Holy Prophet married Hadrat Mariah al-Qibtiyyah and Hadrat Hassān bin Thābit" married Sirin. Hadrat ‘A'ishah relates that in the beginning the Holy Prophet" kept Ḥaḍrat Mariah" in the house of. Hartha bin al-'Amān and then later on he moved her to another place in. Medina which was known as Al-'Aliya. Till her last days Ḥadrat Mariah lived there. In Dhul Hijja, 8 AH (i.e., March 630) a son was born to Hadrat. Mariah whom the Holy Prophet" had named, 'Ibrāhīm'. The Holy. Prophet was very happy at the birth of a son as all his earlier sons had died in infancy. Ḥaḍrat Ibrāhīm lived for 15 to 16 months and passed away ra sa sa sa in Rabiul Awwal, 10 AH. The Holy Prophet" upon his demise stated, ra لَوْ عَاشَ لَكَانَ صِدِّيْقًا نَّبِيًّا lau ‘asha lakana siddiqannabiyyan. If he had lived, he would have been a Truthful Prophet.. The tradition relating to it is as follows: sa та sa га. Hadrat Ibn 'Abbas" relates that when Haḍrat Ibrāhīm”, the son of the Holy Prophet died, the Holy Prophet led his funeral Prayer and said: "If my son, Ibrāhīm had lived, he would have been a Siddiq (Truthful). Prophet, and his maternal grand-parents' family, who are Coptic Egyptians, would have been liberated from bondage." (Sunan Ibni Majah, Kitabul Jana'iz, Bab ma ja' fissalata ‘ala ibn rasulullah wa dhikr wafatih, p 237/1 Matba' ‘Ilmiyyah 1313 H) 403

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa га. Hadrat Mariah passed away in 16 AH during the Khilafat of. Hadrat 'Umar". 12. Hadrat Maimunahra ra sa га га ra Ḥaḍrat Maimunah" who was daughter of Harith and Hind was first married to Mas'ud bin ‘Umair Thaqfi. When Mas'ud bin ‘Umair divorced her, she married Abū Ruham bin 'Abdul ‘Uzza. After the death of Abū. Ruham she lived for some time as a widow. Hadrat ‘Abbās" who was the brother-in-law of Hadrat Maimunah" was concerned about her marriage.. He conveyed his concerns to the Holy Prophet". Thus, the Holy Prophet™* married Ḥadrat Maimunah" at the suggestion of Ḥadrat ‘Abbās”. Ḥaḍrat ‘Abbās made the announcement of Hadrat Maimūnah's“ Nikah with the. Holy Prophet with a Ḥaq Mahr of 400 Dirhams. The marriage took place in Dhul Qa‘da, 7 AH (i.e., March 629). At that time she was 36 years old.. Before her marriage with the Holy Prophet her name was Barrah. The. Holy Prophet changed her name to Maimunah just like he had changed the name of Hadrat Juwairiyyah. Hadrat Maimunah" was the real sister of. Hadrat Ummul Fadl", the wife of Hadrat 'Abbas" who was the uncle of the. Holy Prophet. Hadrat Maimunah" who was the last one to become the. Mother of the Faithful passed away in 51 AH. At the time of her demise she was 80 years old. Although, her Nikah ceremony took place in Medina, her wedding took place at a place called, 'Sarif. Hadrat Maimunah before her demise had picked 'Sarif for her burial. Accordingly, in 51 AH, she was buried at 'Sarif which is 7 miles from Mecca and close to Tan‘im. She sa та sa ra ra had the honor of performing Ḥajj in the company of the Holy Prophet".. There are 67 Ahadith which were narrated by her. 404

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa 22. Life of the Wives of the Holy Prophetsa sa. The Holy Prophet" states about the good treatment of the family: خَيْرُكُمْ خَيْرُكُمْ لِأَهْلِهِ وَأَنَا خَيْرُكُمْ لِأَهْلِي khairukum khairukum li ahlihi wa anā khairukum li ahlı. The best amongst you is the one who is best in treatment of his family and I am better than all of you in treatment of the family. (Jami' Tirmidhi, Abwäbul Manaqib, Bāb faḍl az azwājunnabi"). It was the routine of the Holy Prophet" that he would visit his wives daily in their quarters and then he would go to the quarter of the wife where he was to stay for the night. In the evening all the wives would get together in the quarter of the wife of the Holy Prophet" where he was staying and after socializing for some time they would go back to their own houses. sa sa. The Holy Prophet" used to take good care of his wives and their sensibilities. However, their lives were very simple as was the life of the. Holy Prophet. Most of them belonged to well-to-do familes. sa 405

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. Separation of the Holy Prophets from his Wives for One Month. S&. In 9 AH, the Holy Prophet isolated himself from all his wives and started to live in a cabin which was located above the quarter of Hadrat ‘A'ishah". He stayed there for one month. It is stated that the cause of this sa sa sa separation was that the Holy Prophet was annoyed when he learned about the desires of his wives to raise their standard of living. The wives of the. Holy Prophet* were living a simple life like the Holy Prophet". However, when the Muslims became prosperous after receiving war booty and their living standard improved, the wives of the Holy Prophet" desired an improvement in their living standard. So they consulted among themselves and then mentioned to the Holy Prophet about their desire to live a prosperous life. The Holy Prophet felt that in their request there was a desire for worldly things over spiritual things. He had married them so that they could live as desired by Allah. He wanted to see his wives have higher moral standards as compared to other women and live an exemplary life.. So the Holy Prophet" did not like his wive's attitude and was a bit annoyed. Thus, the Holy Prophet separated for one month from his wives.. After one month's separation the following verses of the Holy Qur'an were revealed to the Holy Prophet: sa. S& sa يَأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لَّأَزْوَاجِكَ إِنْ كُنْتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ الْحَيَوةَ الدُّنْيَا وَ زِيْنَتَهَا فَتَعَالَيْنَ أُمَتِّعْكُنَّ وَ أُسَرِحْكُنَّ سَرَاحًا جَمِيْلاً ) وَإِنْ كُنتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُوْلَهُ وَ الدَّارَ الْآخِرَةَ فَإِنَّ اللهَ اَعَدَّ لِلْمُحْسِنَتِ مِنْكُنَّ أَجْرًا عَظِيْمًا 0 ya ayyuhannabiyyu qulli azwājika in azwājika in kuntunna turidnal hayataddunya wa zinatahā fata 'alaina umatti‘kunna Wa 406

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa usarriḥkunna sarahan jamila. wa in kuntunna turidnallaha wa rasūlahū waddaral akhirata fa innallaha a'adda lil muḥsināti minkunna ajran ‘azımā. O Prophet! say to your wives, 'If you desire the life of this world and its adornment, come then, I will provide for you and send you away in a handsome manner. But if you desire Allah and His Messenger and the Home of the. Hereafter, then truly Allāh has prepared for those of you who do good a great reward.' (33:29-30) sa. Thus, God Almighty gave the wives of the Holy Prophet the choice that they can either live the life of austerity or of luxury. ra sa да. Although the wives of the Holy Prophet belonged to rich families they chose the second option and lived simple and exemplary lives. Hadrat 'A'ishah relates that when one month of separation of the Holy Prophet" from his wives had passed, and the verses of the Holy Qur'an had been revealed, the Holy Prophet gave the following option: sa خَيَّرْنَا رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ فَاحْتَرْنَا اللَّهَ وَرَسُوْلَهُ khayyarnā rasulallahi fakhtarnallaha wa rasūlahū sa. The Holy Prophet gave us the option (to be divorced) and we picked Allāh and. His Messenger. (Sahih Bukhari, Bāb man khairunnisa' wa Qaulillah ta'ala). We picked Allāh and His Messenger. га Ḥadrat ‘A'ishah further relates that the wives of the Holy Prophet lived a simple life just like the Holy Prophet": sa 407

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Sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa مَا كَانَ لإحْدَانَا إِلَّا ثَوْبُ وَاحِدٌ mā kāna lihdanā illa thaubun wäḥidun sa. Each one amongst us (the wives of the Holy Prophet ) did not have more than one (pair of) clothes. (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Haid, Bab hal tasallil m arʼatu fi thaub haḍat fih). Some Other Events in the Life of the Wives of the Holy Prophets sa sa. Some of the events in the life of the wives of the Holy Prophet" which shed light on the household atmosphere of the Holy Prophet are briefly mentioned here: га га та sa sa да. Hadrat 'A'ishah relates that when the Holy Prophet returned home from one of the battles the cupboard in her room was covered with a curtain. The wind blew and it displaced the curtain. In the cupboard were some dolls of Hadrat ‘A'ishah". The Holy Prophet asked: "O ‘Ã'ishah!. What is this? Hadrat ‘Ã'ishah said: 'These are my dolls. 'Among the dolls, he also saw a horse with two wings of paper. The Holy Prophet asked, 'What is this?' Hadrat ‘Ã'ishah said, 'It is a horse.' The Holy Prophet pointing to the wings of the horse asked, 'What is this?' Hadrat ‘A'ishah said, 'These are its wings.' The Holy Prophet said, 'A horse with wings?'. At this, Hadrat 'A'ishah said, 'Did you not hear that the horses of Hadrat. Sulaiman had wings?' Hearing this, the Holy Prophet laughed out so loud that I could see his back teeth (i.e., he burst into laughter).' ' га ra sa sa "" sa ra (Bukhari, Kitabul Adab, Bab al-La'bu bil bināt; Sunan Abu Dawūd, Kifabul. Adab, Bāb filla'b bil bināt) 408

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa ra sa. Hadrat A'ishah stated that once at the occasion of Ïd some. Ethiopians were showing war tactics, the Holy Prophet" asked her if she would like to see the jugglery? Then, he made her stand behind him. For a long time I watched the fun standing behind him while my chin was resting on his shoulders and my cheeks were touching his cheeks. He stood while bearing her weight on his shoulders till the time that I got tired. Then he said, "It is enough, you should go home now." га (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul ‘Īdain, Bab al-Ḥarab walid raq yuamal ‘Id) sa. The Holy Prophet was once returning from the Battle of Usfan.. Hadrat Safiyyah" daughter of Huyyay was riding the camel with the Holy. Prophet. When the camel stumbled both of them fell off the camel. Hadrat sa ra sa. Abū Ṭalḥa rushed to support the Holy Prophet", the Holy Prophet said: 'Take care of the woman.' (Sahih Bukhari, Kitābul Jihad walsair, Bab ma yaqūl idhā raja'a minal. Ghazwah) sa. Despite the excellent treatment by the Holy Prophet of his wives once in a while human nature used to come into play. The following traditions explains some such incidents in the life of the wives of the Holy. Prophet: sa ra. Hadrat 'A'ishah relates, "I did not feel jealous of any of the wives sa of the Holy Prophet" as much as I did of Khadijah though I did not see her, sa but the Holy Prophet" used to mention her very often, and whenever he slaughtered a sheep, he would cut its parts and send them to the friends of. Khadijah. When I sometimes said to him, 'You treat Khadijah as if there is no other woman on earth except Khadijah.' He would say, Khadījah was such and such, and from her I had children.' " " ra (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Fada'il Ashabannabi“, Bab tazwiiinnabi“ Khadijata wa fadliha") 409

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa sa ra sa sa га ra sa ra sa sa sa. Hadrat 'A'ishah" relates that the wives of the Holy Prophet were in two groups. One group consisted of Hadrat Hafsah", Hadrat Ṣafiyyah™, and Hadrat Saudah", and the second group included, Ḥaḍrat Ummi. Salamah, Hadrat Zainab", and the other wives. All the Muslims knew that the Holy Prophet” loved Ḥadrat 'A'ishah" most. Therefore, anyone who wanted to give a gift to the Holy Prophet" would wait for the Holy. Prophet's turn to stay with Hadrat 'A'ishah". Thus, when the Holy. Prophet stayed with her, people sent gifts for him and this annoyed the wives in the other group. After consulting each other, the wives in the other group decided to say to the Holy Prophet" that he should suggest to the people that they could give gifts to him even when he was with any one of the other wives. Hadrat Ummi Salamah" was nominated to convey this message to the Holy Prophet". When Hadrat Ummi Salamah" mentioned it to the Holy Prophet”, he kept quiet and did not respond. The next day, the other wives asked her about the Holy Prophet's response. She told them that the Holy Prophet" did not give a response. They told her to talk again with the Holy Prophet. The next time the Holy Prophet came to her house she again mentioned the message the wives wanted to convey to him. Again, the Holy Prophet" did not respond. Then, the wives told. Hadrat Ummi Salamah" to keep talking about it with the Holy Prophet until he gave a response. When the third time Hadrat Ummi Salamah* mentioned the matter to the Holy Prophet", he said: "Ummi Salamah! Why do you annoy me concerning 'A'ishah"? 'A'ishah's" status is exalted as it is only in her bed that I receive revelation. Hearing this response, Ḥadrat. Ummi Salamah regretted her words and apologized to the Holy Prophet for the mistake. Then, this group of wives sent Ḥadrat Fāṭimah" as their representative to say to the Holy Prophet" that he should do justice with all wives. When Hadrat Fatimah" gave the message to the Holy Prophet, he said: 'Dear Daughter! Do you not love whom I love?' Hadrat Fatimah said: 'Why not? Certainly, I love the person whom you love.' When Ḥadrat 410 ra sa sa sa sa га ra sa sa га sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa та sa ra ra га sa. Fatimah told the wives about her conversation with the Holy Prophet", they asked her to talk again with the Holy Prophet. However, she did not agree to do so. Then, the wives sent Ḥadrat Zainab as their representative to the Holy Prophet. Hadrat Zainab" forcefully presented the case to the. Holy Prophet. She said: 'Your wives demand that for God's sake you do justice and do not give preference to bint Abu Quḥāfah" only. Love other wives also the way you love her.' Hadrat Zainab talked so enthusiastically that her voice became a bit loud and she reviled Hadrat 'A'ishah". The. Holy Prophet kept listening quietly. However, Hadrat 'A'ishah gave her such a stern reply that she was silenced and she could not say anything else. At this, the Holy Prophet smiled and said: 'She is really the daughter of Abu Bakr"." sa 111 sa га ra (Sahih Bukhari, Kitab al-Hibah, Bab man ihɗa ila ṣaḥibah wa taḥarrā ba‘ḍ nisa'ih) ra. Sa sa. Hadrat Anas relates that the Holy Prophet" was at the house of one of the Mothers of the Faithful, when one of the other wives sent food in a bowl. At this, the lady of the house hit the hand of the man who brought the bowl. This caused the bowl to fall to the ground. The bowl broke and the food fell to the ground. The Holy Prophet" picked up both pieces of the bowl and put them together. Then, he collected the food and put it back in the bowl. While doing so, he was saying (with displeasure): "You are ruined. Take and eat it." He repeated it many times which made the wife in the house realize her mistake and she felt ashamed. She brought a new bowl. The Holy Prophet" gave this new bowl in place of the broken one to the man who had brought the bowl and kept the broken bowl in the house of his wife who had broken it. sa (Sunan Ibni Majah, Abwäbal ahkam bab al-hakam fiman kasr shai'an) 411

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa. The Incident of Honey sa sa sa sa. The Holy Prophet" once visited one of his wives and she served honey to him. The Holy Prophet" was very much fond of honey and liked the honey served to him. So the Holy Prophet" stayed there some time extra than his normal stay in the house of the wife he was visiting. His other wives did not like his extra stay in the house of his wife who had served him honey. When the Holy Prophet went to the quarter of another wife, he told her the reason for his coming late to visit her. One of the wives of the Holy Prophet" told another wife that sometime the honey bees make honey from smelly plants. Therefore, let us tell the Holy. Prophet that sometime a bad smell comes from his mouth after eating honey. This way, the Holy Prophet" will stop visiting the wife who serves him honey. Accordingly, one of the wives of the Holy Prophet" followed the plan and said to the Holy Prophet" that a bad smell of honey which is probably prepared from smelly plants was coming from his mouth. The. Holy Prophet was very sensitive and disliked bad smells. He did not like that a bad smell of honey came from his mouth. Therefore, he swore not to eat honey again. At this, God Almighty revealed the following to him: sa sa sa sa يَأْيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا اَحَلَّ اللهُ لَكَ ، تَبْتَغِي مَرْضَاتَ أَزْوَاجِكَ وَاللهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمُ ) قَدْ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ تَحِلَّةَ اَيْمَانِكُمْ وَالله مَوْلكُم وَهُوَ الْعَلِيْمُ الْحَكِيمُ ya ayyuhannabiyyu lima tuḥarrimu mā aḥallallahu laka tabtaghi marḍata azwājika wallahu ghafururrahim qad faraḍallahu lakum tahillata aimänikum wallahu maulakum wa huwal ‘alimul hakim 412

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa $8. O Prophet! why do you forbid yourself that which Allāh has made lawful to you, seeking the pleasure of your wives? And Allāh is Most Forgiving, Merciful. Allāh has indeed made incumbent upon you the dissolution of your vows, concerning the aforementioned, and Allāh is your Guardian; and He is All-Knowing, Wise. (66:2-3) 413

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa 23. Children of the Holy Prophet". Except for one son, Ibrāhīm, all the other children of the Holy. Prophet were born to Ḥaḍrat Khadijah". The children born to Ḥadrat sa ra ra. Khadijah included three boys, Qāsim, Ṭāhir and Ṭayyab, and four girls,. Zainab, Ruqayyah, Ummi Kulthūm and Fatimah. According to some traditions a fourth boy was born to Hadrat Khadijah" whose name was 'Abdullah. However, general concensus is that ‘Abdullah was another name of Tayyab. All of these children were born before the beginning of the prophethood of the Holy Prophet". sa. Sons of the Holy Prophetsa sa sa 88. All the male children of the Holy Prophet died in their childhood. All sons except Ibrāhīm were born before the beginning of the prophethood of the Holy Prophet". Abul Qāsim, the family name of the Holy Prophet", was based on the name of his son. Qāsim. Ibrāhīm was born in April 630 AD to Ḥaḍrat Mariyah al-Qibtiyyah. The Holy Prophet performed Ibrāhīm's ‘Aqiqa on seventh day of his birth. Two rams were sacrificed. The hair from his head was shaved by Abū Hind. The Holy Prophet distributed silver equivalent in weight to the weight of the hair removed from. Ibrahim's head to the poor. The Holy Prophet" appointed Ḥaḍrat. Umm Burdah wife of Hadrat Bra' bin Aus as wet-nurse for his son,. Ibrāhīm. sa. Sa 414

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa. Daughters of the Holy Prophetsa га. All of the boys had died at an early age. However, all of the girls lived a long life and accepted Islām. Except Ḥadrat Fatimah", none of the daughters of the Holy Prophet produced an ongoing lineage.. Haḍrat Zainab ra ra sa Ḥaḍrat Zainab who was married to Abū al-‘Āṣ bin Rabi' had lost a child due to miscarriage during her migration to Medina.. Later on a boy, 'Ali and a daughter, Umāmah were born to her. The boy died at an early age. The girl, Umāmah survived and after the demise of Hadrat Fatimah, she became the wife of Hadrat ‘Ali.. Hadrat Zainab passed away in 8 AH. га ra. Hadrat Ruqayyah and Ḥadrat Ummi Kulthūm' га ra. S& sa га ra ra ra. Hadrat Ruqayyah" and Hadrat Ummi Kulthum were engaged to 'Utbah and ‘Utaybah respectively who were the children of Abū Lahab, an uncle of the Holy Prophet". Abū Lahab severely opposed the Holy Prophet. Accordingly, the engagements of. Hadrat Ruqayyah" and Hadrat Ummi Kulthūm" were broken before their marriage. After that Hadrat Ruqayyah" and Ḥadrat Ummi. Kulthūm™, one after the other, became wives of Ḥaḍrat 'Uthmān”.. This is the reason that Hadrat 'Uthman is called, Dunnūrain (i.e, the one with two lights). Both of them did not have any progeny.. Hadrat Ruqayyah" had a boy who was born dead. Her second child, ‘Abdullah, passed away when he was two years old. Hadrat Ummi га ra 415

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416. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa га ra. Kulthūm did not bear any children. Hadrat Ruqayyah passed away during the time of the Battle of Badr while Ḥaḍrat Ummi га. Kulthum passed away after the Conquest of Mecca.. Hadrat Fatimahra ra * га. I& га sa. Hadrat Fatimah" who was loved by the Holy Prophet" the most was married to Ḥadrat ‘Ali" after the migration to Medina.. She bore two children, Hadrat Hasan" and Hadrat Hussain". The progeny of Ḥadrat Hasan" and Hadrat Hussain" are called, "Sayyed". Hadrat Fatimah" passed away 6 months after the sad demise of the Holy Prophet”. га ra sa sa sa sa Ḥaḍrat Fāṭimah“ loved the Holy Prophet very much. Once, the Holy Prophet" was walking through a street when an evil person threw dirt on the head of the Holy Prophet in the presence of other people. When the Holy Prophet" returned home with dirt on his head Hadrat Fatimah quickly brought water, washed his head and started to cry profusely. The Holy Prophet" consoled her and said, "Daughter, do not cry. God Almighty Himself will protect your father and all these agonies will be dispelled." sa (Tarikh Tabri, Vol. 2, p. 80, Press Istiqamah, Cairo)

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa 58 24. The Farewell Address of the Holy Prophetsa at the Occasion of the Last Pilgrimage (Hajjatul. Wida') and His Illness sa sa. In the ninth year of the Hijrah, the Holy Prophet" went on a pilgrimage to Mecca. This was the first Hajj performed by the Holy. Prophet during his prophethood. Thus this event was of great significance as the Holy Prophet" himself was practically showing the proper way of performing various rites of the Hajj. God Almighty states in the Holy. Qur'an about the Hajj sa وَأَذِنْ فِى النَّاسِ بِالْحَجِّ يَأْتُوكَ رِجَالاً وَ عَلَى كُلِّ ضَامِرٍ يَأْتِيْنَ مِنْ كُلِّ فَجٍّ عَمِيقٍ لِيَشْهَدُوا مَنَافِعَ لَهُمْ وَيَذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ فِي أَيَّامٍ ة مَّعْلُومتٍ عَلَى مَا رَزَقَهُمْ مِنْ بَهِيمَةِ الْأَنْعَامِ ، فَكُلُوْا مِنْهَا وَأَطْعِمُوا الْبَائِسَ الْفَقِيْرَ ) ثُمَّ الْيَقْضُوْا تَفَثَهُمْ وَلْيُوْفُوْا نُذُورَهُم وَلْيَطَّوَّفُوْا 0 بِالْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيْقِ 0 wa adhdhin finnasi bil hajji ya'tūka rijalañwwa ‘ala kulli damiriñyya'fina min kulli fajjin ‘amiqilli yash hadū manafi'a lahum 417

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa wa yadhkurusmallahi fi ayyamimma'lumatin 'ala ma razaqa hummim bahīmatil an‘ami fa kulu minha wa ațʻimul bā'isal faqir thummal yaqḍu tafathahum wal yūfū nudhūrahum wal yaṭṭawwafu bil baitil 'afiq. And proclaim unto mankind the Pilgrimage. They will come to you on foot, and on every lean camel, coming by every distant track. That they may witness its benefits for them and may mention the name of Allāh, during the appointed days, over the quadrupeds of the class of cattle that He has provided for them. Then eat you thereof and feed the distressed, the needy. Then let them accomplish the task of cleansing themselves, and fulfill their vows and go around the Ancient House. (22:28-30) sa. On the day of the pilgrimage, the Holy Prophet" received the revelation containing the famed verse of the Holy Qur'ān: الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِيْنَكُمْ وَ أَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيْتُ لَكُمُ الإسلام ديناء al yauma akmaltu lakum dinakum wa atmamtu 'alaikum ni'mati wa radītu lakumul islama dinā. This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favor upon you and have chosen for you Islām as religion. (5:4). This verse said in effect that the message which the Holy Prophet had brought from God and which by word and deed he had been expounding all these years, had been completed. Every part of this message was a blessing. The Message now completed, embodied the highest blessings which man could receive from God. The Message is epitomized in the name 'Al-Islam', which means submission. Submission was to be the religion of Muslims, the religion of mankind. sa 418

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa. Sa sa. The Holy Prophet recited this verse in the valley of Muzdalifah, where the pilgrims had assembled. Returning from Muzdalifah, the Holy. Prophet stopped at Mina. It was the eleventh day of the month of Dhul. Hijjah. The Holy Prophet" while sitting on his camel, facing a large gathering of Muslims and delivered an address in loud voice, famed in sa sa history as the farewell address of the Holy Prophet". Rabi'ah ibn Umayyah ibn Khalaf repeated the sermon after him sentence by sentence.. The Farewell Address sa. In the course of the address the Holy Prophet said: "O men, lend me an attentive ear. For I know not whether I will stand before you again in this valley and address you as I address you now. Your lives and your possessions have been made immune by God to attacks by one another until the Day of Judgement. God has appointed for every one a share in the inheritance. No 'Will' shall now be admitted which is prejudicial to the interests of a rightful heir. A child born in any house will be regarded as the child of the father in that house. Whoever contests the parentage of this child will be liable to punishment under the. Law of Islam. Anyone who attributes his birth to some one else's father, or falsely claims someone to be his master, God, His angels and the whole of mankind will curse him.. O men, you have some rights against your wives, but your wives also have some rights against you. Your right against them is that they should live chaste lives, and not adopt ways which may bring disgrace to the husband in the sight of his people. If your wives do not live up to this, then you have the right to punish them. You can punish them after due inquiry has been made by a competent authority, and your right to punish has been established. Even so, punishment in such a case must not be severe. But if your wives do not do such things, and their behavior is not such as would bring disgrace to their husbands, then your duty is to provide for them food and garments and shelter, according to 419

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa your own standard of living.. Remember you must always treat your wives well. God has charged you with the duty of looking after them. Woman is weak and cannot protect her own rights. When you married, God appointed you the trustees of those rights. You brought your wives to your homes under the. Law of God. You must not, therefore, insult the trust which God has placed in your hands.. O men, you still have in your possession some prisoners of war. I advise you, therefore, to feed them and to clothe them in the same way and style as you feed and clothe yourselves. If they do anything wrong which you are unable to forgive, then pass them on to someone else.. They are part of God's creation. To give them pain or trouble can never be right.. O men, what I say to you, you must hear and remember. All. Muslims are as brethren to one another. All of you are equal. All men, whatever nation or tribe they may belong to, and whatever station in life they may hold, are equal. sa. While he was saying this the Prophet raised his hands and joined the fingers of the one hand with the fingers of other and then said:. Even as fingers of the two hands are equal, so are human beings equal to one another. No one has any right, any superiority to claim over another. You are as brothers. sa. Proceeding, the Holy Prophet said:. Do you know what month this is? What territory we are in? What day of the year it is today?. The Muslims said in reply, they knew it was the sacred month, the sacred land and the day of the Hajj. sa. Then the Holy Prophet said: 420

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Even as this month is sacred, this land inviolate, and this day holy, so has God made the lives, property and the honor of every man sacred. To take any man's life or his property, or attack his honor, is as unjust and wrong as to violate the sacredness of this day, this month, and this territory. What I command you today is not meant only for today. It is meant for all times. You are expected to remember it and to act upon it until you leave this world and go to the next to meet your Maker.. In conclusion he said:. What I have said to you, you should communicate to the ends of the earth. Perhaps those who have not heard me may benefit by it more than those who have heard. (Sihah Sitta, Tabari, Hisham and Khamis) sa 98. The Holy Prophet's" address is an epitome of the entire teaching and spirit of Islām. It shows how deep was the Holy Prophet's" concern for the welfare of man and the peace of the world; also how deep was his regard for the rights of women and other weak creatures. The Holy. Prophet knew his end was near. He had hints from God about his death. sa sa (Life of Mohammad, Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin Maḥmūd Ahmad, p. 160-162) sa га. Hadrat Ibn 'Abbās" relates that at the Farewell Pilgrimage, the. Holy Prophet said: "O People! What day of the year is today? They replied: 'It is the venerable day of 'Arfah.' Then he asked, 'Do you know what city it is?' They replied, 'It is the sacred city of Mecca.' Then he asked, 'What month is this?' They replied, 'It is the sacred month of. Dhulhijjah.' Then the Holy Prophet said, 'Listen! Your bounties, your lives and your honors are as sacred, and their disrespect is as unlawful for you, as this day, this city and this month are revered and sacred for you and as sa sa their disrespect is unlawful for you.' He repeated this several times. Then he raised his head up towards the sky and said: 'O Allah! Did I convey 421

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa. Sa. Your Message?" He repeated the words Já (hal ballaghtu) many sa га many) هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ times. Hadrat Ibn 'Abbās" says, in fact it was a clear testimony given by the Holy Prophet" to Allāh the Exalted that he has conveyed and made the people understand (the message) in the best possible way. Then the Holy. Prophet (while addressing the audience) said: 'Those who are here, listening to me, should convey my message to those who are not here.' He continued, 'Do not become infidels after I depart lest you start slaying each other.'" (Musnad Ahmad, Vol. 1, p 230) sa. The Holy Prophet's Illness 88 за га sa. Two months after returning from the farewell pilgrimage, the Holy. Prophet fell ill. The illness that ultimately led to his demise had started while he was in the house of Hadrat Maimunah. Despite his illness the. Holy Prophet continued to move from one wife's house to the other wife's house depending upon whose turn it was. When the Holy Prophet became severely ill he desired to stay in Hadrat ‘A'ishah's house which was close to the mosque. However, the Holy Prophet" felt shyness about asking for permission to do so from the other wives. The Holy Prophet" told Ḥadrat. Fățimah to ask about this from his wives which she did. All the wives agreed that the Holy Prophet could stay at Hadrat ‘A'ishah's house. Thus, the Holy Prophet moved to Hadrat 'A'ishah's house. ra sa ga sa sa sa га ra sa. The Holy Prophet's" Mosque (Masjid Nabawi) was adjacent to his residence. One day the Holy Prophet stood by the window and looked outside at the Muslims getting ready to say Fajr Prayer behind Ḥadrat Abū. Bakr. The people looked at the Holy Prophet's face and waited for him to join them. He smiled at them and indicated with his hand for Ḥadrat Abū 422 ra sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa 58 га. Bakr to go ahead with leading the Prayer. That was the last time the. Muslims saw their Prophet's" face; that day at noon, the Holy Prophet" passed away. At the time of his demise on May 26, 632 AD* in Medina,. Islām had spread throughout Arabia. ra sa. Hadrat 'A'ishah™ relates that she heard the Holy Prophet" saying in his last illness till his last breath: اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَارْحَمْنِي وَالْحِقْنِي بِالرَّفِيْقِ الْأَعْلَى allahummaghfirli warḥamni wa al-hiqni birrafiqil a‘Ta. Allāh, forgive me and have mercy on me and grant me nearness to the. Companion, the Most High." (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Mardi, Bab nahi tumanniyal maridil maut) ra sa Ḥadrat 'A'ishah relates that the Holy Prophet passed away when he was sixty-three years old. * (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Maghazı, Babwafatinnabi) sa. History of Ahmadiyyat Vol. 3, p. 555 (printed as footnote): The Daily. Jang Karachi September 28, 1958: According to the modern investigation of Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah, Professor, Rajshahi University,. Bangladesh the Holy Prophet passed away on 1st Rabi'ul Awwal, 11th. Hijri which corresponds to 26th May, 632. According to the book 'Attaufiqatil Ilhamiyyah' 1st Rabi ul Awwal, 11th Hijri corresponds to 27th May, 632 AD instead of 26th May, 632 AD. The Promised Messiah as and Mahdi passed away on 26th May, 1908 and was buried on 27th. May, 1908. This concurrence of the two dates apparently becomes an interpretation of the tradition of the Holy Prophet sa 423

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. Funeral Prayer and Burial sa га. The Holy Prophet passed away on Sunday night. His body was kept for two nights and then on Tuesday afternoon he was buried. Hadrat ‘Alī and Hadrat Fadl bin 'Abbas" bathed the Holy Prophet", while Ḥadrat. Usämah bin Zaid™ and Hadrat Aus bin Khaulah" poured the water.' га. Sa 1 " (Musnad Abi Hanifah, Kitabul Faɗai'l, p. 180) sa. At the time of his demise, the Holy Prophet was wearing a sheet and a tah band (a cloth worn round the waist) made of a thick coarse cotton cloth. It was customary in those days to remove clothes before giving a bath to a deceased person. However, no one felt comfortable enough to remove the clothes of the Holy Prophet to give him a bath.. Thus, the people had two different opinions. Some people were in favor of removing the clothes while others were against doing so. sa. Hadrat ‘Ã'ishah™ relates that at the critical moment of making a decision, God Almighty guided them. Suddenly, everyone felt drowsiness and their heads bowed down while they were standing. Then, they heard a. Divine Voice saying, "Give a bath to the Messenger of Allāh in his clothes.". Sa (As-Siratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Jahaz Rasulullah wa Dafinah, Vol. 4, p. 313). So, the Companions" were guided through revelation and the Holy. Prophet* was given a bath without removing the clothes he was wearing at the time of his demise. sa. The Holy Prophet" had given directions about his funeral Prayer before his demise which were followed. First, Hadrat ‘Ali", then Ḥadrat 'Abbas, then Ahl-e-Bait, and then the other relatives of the Holy Prophet 424 га sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa offered the funeral prayer of the Holy Prophet". Everyone offered the funeral prayer individually. After that people in groups of ten to twelve entered the room to offer the funeral prayer. However, everyone offered the funeral prayer individually. The first group of people to offer the funeral prayer consisted of Ḥadrat Abu Bakr", Ḥadrat ‘Umar" and some. Anşar and Muhajirin. sa. After all the men had offered the funeral prayer of the Holy. Prophet, first the women and then the children offered the funeral prayer.. There was no Imam for the funeral prayers. Everyone offered the funeral prayer individually. The funeral prayers continued for a whole day and the. Holy Prophet was buried thirty-two hours after his demise. (As-Siratun Nabawiyyah libne Hisham, Vol.2, p. 663).. The day this came to pass was Tuesday. (Ibn Kathir, Vol. 4, p. 517). ΤΗ ra sa ra sa га. Hadrat Abu Bakr consulted the Companions" of the Holy Prophet* regarding the place where the Holy Prophet should be buried. Some. Companions suggested that he should be buried in Jannatul Baqi' while the others suggested that he should be buried in the mosque. Ḥadrat 'A'ishah mentioned that she had seen in a dream that three moons have fallen into her room. Based on Hadrat ‘Ā'ishah's dream it was decided that the Holy Prophet should be buried in Hadrat 'A'ishah's" room.. Accordingly, the body of the Holy Prophet" was moved to one side in the room and a grave was dug at the place where his bed was when he passed away. Ḥadrat Abū ‘Ubaidah al-Jarrah" was an expert in digging a grave in the Meccan's style and Ḥaḍrat Abū Ṭalḥa" was expert in digging a grave as the people of Medina did. Hadrat ‘Umar" sent his messenger to both of them with the intention that whosoever comes first will dig the grave. The messenger did not find Ḥadrat Abū ‘Ubaidah". Thus, Hadrat Talha" came га ra га 425

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa sa and dug the grave for the burial of the Holy Prophet. sa. The Holy Prophet had passed away in the room of Hadrat 'A'ishah". This room had two doors. One of the doors opened in the courtyard while the other door opened in the Masjad-e-Nabawi. After being bathed, the Holy Prophet's body was placed on a cot in Ḥadrat ‘Ā'ishah's room. After digging the grave the cot on which the body of the. Holy Prophet was placed after giving him a bath was kept next to the grave. га. Sa sa sa ra sa sa. Hadrat Imām Mālik™ relates that he was informed that the Holy. Prophet passed away on Monday and he was buried on Tuesday. People in many separate groups offered the funeral Prayer of the Holy Prophet". No one led the funeral Prayer. Some people thought to bury the Holy Prophet™ near the pulpit, while others thought to bury him in the Jannatul Baqi'.. Haḍrat Abu Bakr said that he heard the Holy Prophet" say, "A Prophet is buried where he dies." Therefore, a grave for the Holy Prophet was prepared in the same room. The removal of his clothes to give him a bath was being considered when a Heavenly voice told them not to do so. Thus, the Holy Prophet" was bathed with his clothes on. та ra sa sa (Muwatta' Imam Malik, jami‘assalat ‘alal jana'iz bab fi dafanalmayyat) га sa. Hadrat 'A'ishah relates, "It was one of the favors of Allāh bestowed upon me that Allah's Messenger" passed away in my house on the day of my turn while he was leaning against my chest and Allāh made my saliva mix with his saliva at the time of his demise. Ḥadrat 'Abdur. Rahman came to my house with a Miswak (bark of a tree usually softened before using for cleaning the teeth) in his hand and I noticed that the Holy. Prophet was looking towards the Miswak. I said to the Holy Prophet", 'Should I get the Miswak for you.' He nodded in the affirmative. So I took the Miswak and asked the Holy Prophet" whether I should soften the 426 sa sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. Miswak for him. Again he nodded in affirmative. So I softened the. Miswak and gave it to him. He cleaned his teeth with the Miswak. There was a water container close to the Holy Prophet". The Holy Prophet* dipped his hand in the water, rubbed it on his face and said: sa sa. TALENT إلا اللَّهُ إِنَّ لِلْمَوْتِ سَكَرَاتٍ. Ta ilaha illallahu, inna lil mauti sakaratin. None is worthy of worship except Allāh. Death has its agonies sa. Then the Holy Prophet raised his hand up and kept saying this till he passed away and his hand dropped down: فِي الرَّفِيْقِ الْأَعْلَى firrafiqil a'Ta. With the Companion, the Most High. (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Maghāzī, Bāb maraḍinnabiyyi wa wafatihi). The Last Will of the Holy Prophetsa га га. Hadrat 'Ali and Hadrat Anas" relate, "The last will that the Holy. Prophet made at the time when he was breathing his last breath was: sa الصَّلوةَ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ assalata wa ma malakat aimānukum 427

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa (Take care of) Prayer and those who are under your submission. SA (Sunan Ibn-e-Majah, Kitabul Wasaya, Bab hal ausa Rasulullah ) sa. Some have stated that the last words the Holy Prophet" spoke were: لَا تَجْعَلْ قَبْرِئ وَلَنَا la tajʻal qabri wathanan. O my Allāh! Do not let my grave become a place of infidelity ra. Hadrat 'A'ishah relates: (Musnad Ahmad) مَا تَرَكَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ الله له دِيْنَارًا وَ لَا دِرْهَمًا وَ لا شَاةً وَ لا بَعِيرًا وَلاَ أَوْصى شَيْءٍ mā taraka rasulullahi dinaran wa la dirhaman, wa la shatan, wa la baʻiran wa la auṣā shai'in sa. The Holy Prophet nor left any Dinar, any Dirham, any goat or any camel as his inheritance neither he made a will for anything.. SA (Sunan Ibni Majah, Kitabul Wasaya, Bab hal ausa Rasulullah ) 428

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa 25. SOME IMPORTANT DATES AND EVENTS. IN THE LIFE OF THE HOLY PROPHET. MUHAMMAD. Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam. A.D. DATES AGE (Lunar Calendar). HIJRAH DATES. April 20, 571 9 or 12 Rabi-I 52 BH sa. Birth of the Holy Prophet of Islām at Mecca, 50 days after Abraha's retreat. His father had died in Yathrib (later Medina) a few months before his birth.. April 27, 571 8 days. Hadrat Halima Sa'diyya was appointed wet nurse.. During 573 2 years. Visit with his Mother, Hadrat Amina at Mecca.. During 577 6 years 16 or 19 Rabi-1 52 BH 50 BH 46 BH. Return to Mecca under the care of his mother just before her sad demise.. During 579 8 years 44 BH. His guardian and grandfather Hadrat 'Abdul Muttalib died and guardianship passed on to his uncle, Abu Talib. 429

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During 583. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa 12 years and 2 months 40 BH. First visit to Syria with a trading caravan.. June 586 15 years and 7months 37 BH. Tribal Battle of Fijar between Quraish and Qais.. July 586 15 years and 8 months 37 BH. Sa. Pledge of Fuḍul at the house of ‘Abdullāh bin Jud'ān to help the needy and the oppressed.. July 595 25 years 28 BH. Second journey to Syria.. September 595 25 years and 2 months 28 BH га. Marriage with Ḥaḍrat Khadijah .. June 598 28 years 25 BH. Birth of his son, Qāsim.. June 600 30 years ra. Birth of his daughter, Hadrat Zainab™.. During 603 33 years ra. Birth of his daughter, Hadrat Ruqayyah™.. During 604 34 years ra. Birth of his daughter, Hadrrat Ummi Kulthūm™.. During 605 430 35 years 23 BH 20 BH 19 BH 18 BH

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Sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Renovation of Ka'bah and placement of Hajr-e-Aswad (Black Stone). га. Birth of his daughter Ḥadrat Fatimah™.. February 9, 610 40 years and 1 day 9 Rabi-1, 12 BH. First Revelation in the Cave of Hira'.. August 14, 610 40 years and 6 months 18 Ramaḍān, 12 BH. Continuation of Revelation of the Holy Qur'ān.. Ministry of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa " га ra. Acceptance of Islām by Hadrat Khadijah", Hadrat Abū Bakr, Hadrat ‘Ali,. Hadrat Zaida.. During 614 43 years and 6 months. Open invitation to join Islām under Allah's Command.. April 615 45 years and 4 months. A group of Muslims emigrates to Abyssinia.. September 30, 615 46 years. Blockade of Shi'b-e-Abi Talib.. During 616 га 46 years ra. Hadrat Hamzah and Hadrat ‘Umar accept Islām.. January 619 49 years and 5 months. Sa 9 BH 7 BH 7 BH 6 BH. Ramaḍān, 3 BH. Abū Ṭalib, uncle of the Holy Prophet and a few days later, Ḥaḍrat Khadijah sa wife of the Holy Prophet die.. February 619 49 years and 6 months 3 BH ra 431

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa га. Marriage with Hadrat Saudah.. March 619 49 years and 7 months 3 BH. Sa ra. Nikah ceremony with Ḥadrat ‘Ai'shah". Journey to Ta'if, about 40 miles from. Mecca, for call to Islām.. March 8, 620 50 years and 4 months 27 Rajab, 2 BH. Spiritual Journey of Mi'raj. Five formal Prayers made obligatory for Muslims.. July 620 50 years and 9 months. Deputation from Medina accepts Islām. 2 BH. During 621 51 years and 9 months. Dhulḥaj, 1 BH. First Pledge of ‘Aqaba.. June 622 52 years and 9 months 3 Months BH. Second Pledge of ‘Aqaba.. September 10, 622 52 years and 11 months. Hijrat (migration) from Mecca to the cave of Thaur.. September 13, 622 (Monday) 27 Şafar, 1 Rabi-l. Emigration to Medina begins. September 20, 622. Arrival at Quba'.. September 23, 622 53 years. First mosque of Islam constructed at Quba' 432 8 Rabi-I, 1 AH 11 Rabi-I, 1 AH

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. September 24, 622 53 years sa 12 Rabi-I, 1 AH. Arrival at Medina after the first Friday Prayer at Quba”s Mosque.. October 622 53 years and 1 month да. Construction of the Holy Prophet's Mosque at Medina. ra. Hadrat Bilal's call for Prayer (Adhan).. November 622 53 years and 2 months 1 AH. Rabi-II, 1 AH. Brotherhood compacts between Ansar (Muslims from Medina) and Muhajirin (immigrants from Mecca).. December 622 53 years and 4 months. Jamadi-ul-Ākhar. Treaty with Jews of Medina.. August 14, 623 53 years and 11 months 12 Şafar, 2 AH. Permission to fight in self-defense (Jihad-e-Asghar) revealed by Allāh.. August 31, 623 53 years and 11 months 29 Şafar, 2 AH. Ghazwah of Waddan (Ghazwah: Military expedition or battle under the direct sa command of the Holy Prophet). September 623 54 years. Rabi-I, 2 AH. Ghazwah of Bu'at and of Safwan.. December 623 54 years and 3 months. Jamādī-ul-Akhar. Ghazwah Dhul-‘Ashir.. January 624 54 years and 4 months. Rajab, 2 AH 433

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa ra. Hadrat Salman Fārisī joins Islām.. February 624 54 years and 5 months. Sha'bān sa. Revelation and change of Qiblah (direction to face for Prayer, Salat) towards. Ka'bah. Fasting in the month of Ramadan becomes obligatory.. March 8-13, 624 54 years and 6 months 12-17 Ramaḍān. Ghazwah of Badr.. March 21, 624 54 years and 6 months 25 Ramadān. Ghazwah of Bani Sulaim.. March 24/25, 624 54 years & 6 months 28 Ramadan/1 Shawwāl. Initiation of ‘Idui Fitr and Zakatul Fitr (Alms at the ‘Idul Fitr).. April 624 54 years and 7 months. Shawwāl. Zakat became obligatory for Muslims. Nikah and Marriage ceremony of Hadrat ra. Fatimah, his daughter.. April 10, 624 54 years and 7 months 15 Shawwāl. Ghazwah of Banu Qainuqā'.. May 29, 624 54 years and 8 months 5 Dhul-Hajj. Ghazwah of Sawiq.. July 624 54 years and 10 months. Muharram, 3 AH. Ghazwah of Ghatafan.. October 624 55 years and 1 months. Rabi-II 434

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Ghazwah of Bahran. sa. January 625 55 years and 6 months. Sha'bān га. Marriage with Hadrat Hafsah.. March 22, 625 55 years and 6 months 6 Shawwal. Ghazwah of Uhud.. March 24, 625 55 years and 7 months 8 Shawwal. Ghazwah of Humra-ul-Asad.. May 625 55 years and 9 months. Dhul-Hajj ra. Marriage with Hadrat Zainab Bint Khuzaimah™.. August 625 56 years. Rabi-1, 4 AH. Ghazwah of Banū Nadair. Prohibition of drinking in Islām.. October 625 56 years and 3 months. Jamadi-1. Ghazwah Dhatur-Riqā'.. March 626 56 years and 7 months. Shawwal та. Marriage with Hadrat Ummi Salma".. April 626 56 years and 8 months. I dhi Qa'd. Ghazwah of Rasuluh.. August 24, 626 57 years 25 Rabi-1, 5 AH. Ghazwah of Suratul. 435

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa. December 28, 626 57 years and 4 months 3 Sha'ban ra. Ghazwah of Banu Mustaliq. Nikāḥ with Haḍrat Jawairiyyah bint Ḥārith™.. February 627 57 years and 7 months. Shawwal ra. Marriage with Ḥadrat Zainab bint Jahsh •. March 24, 627 57 years and 8 months 1 Dhi Qa'd. Revelation for Hijab (Purdah), rules of modesty.. March 31, 627 57 years and 8 months 8 Dhi Qa'd. Ghazwah of Ahzab or Khandaq (Ditch).. April 627 57 years and 9 months. Dhul-Hajj. Ghazwah of Bani Quraizah.. July21, 627 57 years and 11 months 1 Rabi-1, 6 AH. Ghazwah of Banū Liḥyan.. August 627 58 years and 1 month Rabi'-ul-Ākhar. Ghazwah of Dhi Qarad (or Gha'iba).. March 13, 628 58 years and 7 months 1 Dhi Qa'd. Ghazwah of Hudaibiyyah.. March 628 58 years and 7 months. Dhi Qa'd. Prohibition of marriage with non-believers.. April 628 58 years and 9 months. Dhul-Hajj 436

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Nikah with Hadrat Ummi Ḥabībah. sa. May 628 58 years and 9 months 1 Muḥarram, 7 AH. Invitations sent to various rulers to join Islām.. During June 628 58 years and 10 months. Muharram. Ghazwah Khaibar. Return of Muslims from Abyssinia. Deputation from Ashri' in accepts Islām. Nikah with Hadrat Safiyyah". Ghazwah of Wadi'ul Qura' and. Taim.. March 629 59 years and 8 months. Dhi Qa'd га. Performance of ‘Umra (‘Umratul Qada). Nikah with Hadrat Maimūnah™.. During June 629 60 years. Safar 8 AH ra ra. Hadrat Khalid bin Walīd" and Hadrat ‘Amar bin Al-'As accept Islām.. August 629. Ghazwah of Mauta.. January 1, 630 60 years and 2 months 60 years and 6 months. Jmādi-I 10 Ramadān. Ghazwah of Fath Mecca (Ghazwah Fathul A'zam) Fall of Mecca.. During January 630 60 years and 7 months. Shawwal. Ghazwah of Hunain (or Autas or Hawazin). Ghazwah of Ța'if.. February 24, 630 60 years and 7 months 5 Dhi Qa'd. Arrival in Jiʻranah. Deputation from Hawazin accepts Islām.. April 630 60 years and 10 months. Mubarram 9 AH 437

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Regular establishment of Department of Zakat and Sadaqa, and appointment of officers.. May 630 60 years and 11 months. Safar. Deputation from Ghadra accepts Islām.. June 630 61 years. Deputation from Ballı accepts Islām.. August 630 61 years and 2 months ra. Rabi-I. Jamādī-ul-Ākhar. Ummul Mu'minin Hadrat Mariah gave birth to a son, Ibrāhīm.. October 630 61 years ana 4 monins sa. Ghazwah Tabūk, the last great battle lead by the Holy Propnet. Ordinance of. Jizya, tax on non-believers seeking protection from Muslims and exemption from military service in defense of the country they were living in as its citizens.. February 631 61 years and 8 months ra. Pilgrimage journey of Hadrat Abu Bakr Siddique™.. March 631 61 years and 9 months. Dhi Qa'd. Dhul-Hajj. Hajj (pilgrimage of the Ka'bah in Mecca) made Obligatory by Allāh.. Prohibition of interest in Islām. Visit by a deputation from Banu Hanifa.. Deputations from Țai, Hamdan, Bani Asad and Banī ‘Abbās, all accept Islām.. During 631 62 years and 6 months Ramadān, 10 AH. Deputation from Ghuttan accepts Islām.. February 23, 632 62 years and 8 months 25 Dhi Qa'd 438

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Departure from Medina for Mecca for Ḥajjatul Wida' (Last Pilgrimage).. March 1, 632 62 years and 9 months 4 Dhul-Hajj. Entry into Mecca for Hajjatul Wida'.. March 6, 632 (Friday) 62 years and 9 months 9 Dhul Hajj. Hajjatul-Wida', departure for 'Arafat.. March 10, 632 (Tuesday) 62 years and 9 months 13 Dhul-Hajj. Return from Minä, Hajjatul-Wida'.. April 11, 632 62 years and 10 months 15 Muharram, 11 AH. Sa. Arrival of deputation from Nakha', last deputation received by the Holy Prophet.. May 24, 632 62 years and 11 months 28 Safar, 11 AH. Sariyya Usāma bin Zaid", last successful military mission during the Holy sa. Prophet's life. (Sariyya: Military expedition under a commander appointed by sa the Holy Prophet ). May 13, 632 Wednesday 62 years and 11 months 18 Safar, 11 AH sa га. The Holy Prophet falls ill while he was at Hadrat Maimūnah's house. May 19, 632 62 years and 11 months 22 Şafar, 11 AH sa ra. The Holy Prophet moved to Hadrat 'A'ishah's house.. May 21, 632 62 years and 11 months 25 Safar, 11 AH sa. The Holy Prophet lead the last Ṣalat before his departure from this world. The. Holy Prophet appointed Ḥadrat Abū Bakr as Imāmus Salat in his place. sa ra 439

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa sa. The Holy Prophet offered his last Prayer in congregation in the Mosque lead by ra. Hadrat Abu Bakr™.. May 26, 632 (Tuesday) sa 63 years and 4 days 1 Rabi-I, 11 AH. The Holy Prophet passed away. Inna lillahi wa inna ilaihi raji‘ūn.. May 27, 632 (Wednesday) sa га. The Holy Prophet was buried in Hadrat 'A'ishah's house. 2 Rabi-I, 11 AH sa. According to the lunar calendar, the Holy Prophet of Islām lived and accomplished his mission in 63 years and 4 days, equivalent to 61 years and 48 days of the solar calendar (April 20, 571 to May 26, 632). Janazah (funeral). Prayer and burial was completed on Wednesday, 2 Rabi ul Awwal, 11 A.H. (i.e.,. May 27, 632 ), nearly 32 hours after his demise. 440

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Abi:. Abū. AD. sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations. Father of. Father of. Anno Domini, the Year of the Lord, denoting. Christian era.. The call for Prayers. sa. After Hijra of the Holy Prophet of Islām.. Adhan:. AH: sa. Ahl-e-Bait. Members of the family of the Holy Prophet™.. Bani:. A tribe or clan.. Banū:. A tribe or clan.. B.H.:. Before Hijra. Bin:. Bint:. Dirham.. Ghazwah:. Hadith:. Hadith-e-Qudsi:. Hadrat.. Son of.. Daughter of.. An Islamic silver currency weighing approximately 3.12 grams. Military expedition or battle under the direct command of the Holy Prophet". sa. A saying of the Holy Prophet". sa. Revelation of the Holy Prophet other than the revelation of the Holy Qur'an.. Revered 441

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Hafiz. Hajirah:. Hajj. Hijra:. Ibn: as. Ibrahim:. Isma'if':. Iḥram. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. One who knows the entire text of the Holy Qur'ān by heart; plural "Huffaz.". Hāgar ". Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of. Dhul-Hijjah. sa. The migration of the Holy Prophet from Mecca to. Medina.. Son of. Prophet Abraham. Prophet Ishmael" as. Pilgrimage garb, two white unsewn cotton robes worn by pilgrims. Strife, Concerted effort.. Jihad:. Jizyah. A poll-tax. Khandaq. Qiblah. Sajdah. Salat:. Sariyyah:. Shari'ah. Tahajjud: 442. Moat, ditch. Direction to face for Prayer. Prostration. Formal worship; Daily Prayers.. Military expedition under a commander appointed by the Holy Prophet".. Islamic legislative system. Voluntary Prayer offered during the last part of the night.

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sa. Tawaf. Umm/Ummi:. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Ummul Mu'minin:. Umrah. Zakat:. Circling around the Ka'bah. Mother of. Mother of the believers (Wife of the Prophet).. The lesser pilgrimage done outside the month of. Hajj. Prescribed alms on property and wealth.. Radiallahu 'anha:. Radiallahu 'anhu:. May Allah (God Almighty) be pleased with her. A prayer for the believing ladies who had the opportunity of accepting the Holy. Prophet.. May Allah (God Almighty) be pleased with him. A prayer for the Companions of the. Holy Prophet. sa. Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam: May peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. A prayer for the Holy Prophet. sa 443

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa 58 1. 2. 3. 4.. Lidim tri 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.. Lunar months in Islāmic Calendar. Muharram (The sacred month). Safar (The month which is void). Rabi'ul Awwal (Rabi-I) (The first spring). Rabi'uth-Thānī (Rabi-Il), (The second spring). Jamādil-Ūlā (Jamādī-ul Awwal or Jamādī-I) (The first month of dryness). Jamādī ul Ukhrā (Jamādī-ul-Ākhar) (The second month of dryness). Rajab (The revered month). Sha'ban (The month of division). Ramaḍān (the month of great heat). Shawwal (The month of hunting). Dhil Qa'da (Dhi Qa'd) (The month of rest). Dhil Hajj (Dhul Hajj or Dhul Ḥajja) (The month of pilgrimage) 444

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa 1. 2. 3. 4.. BIBLIOGRAPHY sa. Life of Muḥammad", Ḥaḍrat Mirzā Bashirud Dīn Maḥmūd. Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih II", Qadian, India, Published in 2003.. The Seal of Prophets: His Personality and Character, Ḥadrat Mirzā. Tahir Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih IV, Islām International. Publications, Islām International Publications, Ltd., Islamabad,. UK, Published in 1992.. The Blessed Model of the Holy Prophet Muhammad and the. Caricatures, Hadrat Mirzā Masroor Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih Vaba,. Islām International Publications, Islām International Publications,. Ltd., Islamabad, UK, Published in 2006.. Sīrat Khātamun Nabiyyin, (Urdu) Ḥaḍrat Mirzā Bashir Ahmad",. Vol. I, II and III, Qadian, India, 1947. Hadiqatus Ṣāliḥin (Urdu), Hadrat Malik Saifur Raḥmān,. Nazarat-e-Ishā‘at, Rabwah, Pakistan 5. 6.. The Excellent Exemplar. Zafrullā Khān, alislam.org 7.. Muḥammad, Chaudhari Muḥammad sa. Wisdom of the Holy Prophet, Chaudhari Muḥammad Zafrullā. Khān, alislam.org sa 8.. Uswah Insan-e-Kāmil (Examplary Life of the Perfact Man (Urdu), Hafiz Muzaffar Ahmad, Rabwah, Pakistan. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. sa. Sīrat Khātamun Nabiyyin" (Urdu, Unpublished), Hadi ‘Alī. Chaudhary, Toronto, Canada. sa. The Life of the Holy Prophet of Islām", Mukhtar A. Cheema, alislam.org.. Sawāneh and Sīrar Ḥaḍrat Khātamun Nabiyyin Muḥammad",. Malik Muhammad Fahim, Advocate (Urdu), 254-G Block, Model. Town, Lahore, Pakistan. Published in 2006.. Shamā'il Muḥammad", "Abdus Sami Khān (Urdu), Majlis. Khuddāmul Ahmadiyya Pakistan, Rabwah, Pakistan. да. Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa Kā Bachpan (Urdu), Amatul Bārī 445

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa sa 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.. Nāsir, Lajna Imā'illāh Distt. Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan. Sirat-e-Tayyabah Maḥbūb-e-Kibriyyā Ḥadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Aḥmad Mujtabā, Khātamun Nabiyyin" (Urdu), Mas'ud Ahmad. Khurshid Sanorī, USA sa. Invocations of the Holy Prophet", Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa",. Dr. Karimullāh Zīrvī, Aḥmadiyya Movement in Islām, 1500 Good. Hope Road, Silver Spring, MD 20905, USA, Published in June 2005.. Welcome to Ahmadiyyat, the True Islām, Dr. Karīmullāh Zirvī,. Aḥmadiyya Movement in Islām, 1500 Good Hope Road, Silver. Spring, MD 20905, USA, Published in June 2003.. Glossary of Islamic Terms, 'A'isha Bewley, Ṭā-Hā Publishers, Ltd.,. London, UK, Published in 1998.. A History of Arab Peoples, Albert Hourani, The Belknap Press of. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1991. Durūd Sharif (Urdu), Hadrat Maulavi Muḥammad Ismā'il. Halālpūrī, Ist Published in 1939, Second Edition. sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Dr. Rashid S. A'zam, Al-Haqqa. Publishers International, Apex, NC, USA, 2004. The Concise Encyclopedia of Islām, Cyril Glasse, Stacey. International London, 1989.. The Life of Muḥammad, Muḥammad Husein Haykal, Translated by Ismā'il Rājī al-Fārūqi, American Trust Publications, Kuala. Lumpur, 1976.. The Life of Muḥammad The Prophet", Syed Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi,. Dār-es-Salām, Tanzania, 1999. Ibn Sa'd's Al-Tabaqāt Al-Kabir, Vols. I & II, S. Moʻinul Haq, Kitab. Bhavan, New Delhi, India.. The Life of Muḥammad (A translation of Ibn Ishaq's Sirat. Rasulullah), A. Guillaume, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.. Atlas on the Prophet's Biography, Dr. Shawqi Abū Khalil,. Dārussalām, Riyadh, 2004. sa 446

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa 'Abbad bin Bishar, 190. INDEX ‘Abbās, 60, 95, 137, 205, 206, 230, 319, 334, 404,407,424, 428. Abān bin Sa'id bin al-‘Ās, 243 'Abd Manāf bin Zuhra, 43, 297 ‘Abd Shams, 321, 376 'Abd Yalail bin ‘Abd Kulāl, 75 ‘Abdullāh, 42, 45, 49 'Abdullah bin Abi Aufa, 152, 356 'Abdullah bin Abī ‘Utbah. 290 'Abdullah bin Abū Bakr, 97, 299 'Abdullah bin Arqam al-Zuhri, 243 'Abdullah bin Harith, 290 'Abdullah bin Hudhāfa, 174 'Abdullah bin Hudair, 308 ‘Abdullah bin Ja'far, 73, 365, 323, 371 'Abdullah bin Jahsh, 388 'Abdullah bin Jubair, 137 'Abdullah bin Ka'b, 215 'Abdullah bin Mas'ūd, 296, 364 'Abdullah bin Muhammad, 51 'Abdullah bin Rawāḥah, 194, 243, 362 ‘Abdullah bin Sa'd bin Abi Sarḥ, 243 'Abdullah ibn Salām, 161, 276, 291, 342 'Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salül, 113,131, 148, 229, 383 'Abdullah ibn 'Abdul Asad, 388 'Abdullah ibn Abū Rabi'ah, 66 'Abdullah ibn Jud'ān, 50 'Abdul Muttalib, 36, 42, 46, 47, 48, 71,175,176, 204, 206. Abdur Rahman bin Abi Laila, 352 'Abdur Rahman bin 'Auf, 58, 368 'Abdur Rahman bin Mālik Mudlijī, 99 'Abdur Rahman bin ‘Uyainah, 169. Abraha, 42, 175. Abul Hakam (see under Abū Jahl). Abul Qāsim, 194, 276, 311, 344, 367, 414. Abū Ahmad bin Jahsh, 392. Abū al-'Ãṣ, 71. Abū al-'Aş bin Rabi', 415. Abū ‘Âmir Ash‘arī, 208. Abū ‘Āmir Madanī, 212. Abū Ayyub Anṣārī, 107. Abū Bara' 'Amir bin Mälik, 145. Abu Bakr, 58, 64, 78, 91, 97, 100, 101, 103, 104, 126, 138, 186, 198, 243, 297, 299, 309, 318, 328, 329, 378, 386, 387, 411, 425, 426,. Abū Burdah, 296. Abū Dharr Ghaffārī, 168. Abū Dujānah, 190. Abū Hālah bin Zrah Tamīmī, 375. Abū Ḥamzah, 81. Abū Hanifah, 362. Abū Hind, 414. Abu Hurairah, 142, 274, 275, 276, 298, 301, 304, 314, 321, 322, 329, 331, 333, 351, 353, 355, 356, 360, 371. Abū Ishaq, 137, 324. Abū Jahl, 62, 68, 70, 71, 96, 324, 330, 341, 354. Abū Jandal, 165. Abū Khaisamah, 217. Abū Lahab, 59, 60, 65, 71, 96, 297, 319, 415. Abū Lubābah, 158. Abū Mūsā, 202, 213, 389. Abū Mūsā Ash'ari, 192, 208, 296. Abū Qatādah, 169, 219, 358. Abū Qatādah Harith, 359. Abū Qubais, 176, 198. Abū Ruham bin ‘Abdul ‘Uzza, 404. Abū Sa'id Al-Khudrī, 210, 286, 290, 291 360,. Abu Sufyan, 96, 123, 124, 136, 138, 139, 170, 205, 206, 317, 340, 399, 401. Abū Talha, 319, 427, 409, 425 447

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Sa. Abu Talib, 48, 49, 57, 60, 63, 71, 72, 293, 306, 375. Abū 'Ubaidah, 318. Abū ‘Ubaidah al-Jarrah, 425. Abū ‘Umair, 358. Abū ‘Umayyah, 52, 71. Abwa', 48. Abyssinia, 30, 64, 66, 80, 91, 170, 178, 362, 377, 381, 389, 399. Adam, 81, 85, 255, 281, 282, 286 'Adbā', 366 ,. Addas, 74 'Afir, 402 ‘Ā'ishah, 53, 75, 88, 90, 91, 97, 119, 290, 291, 294,295,296, 302, 303, 304, 305, 307, 313, 326, 327, 333, 338, 357, 366, 369, 374, 377, 378, 380, 381, 382. 384, 386, 389, 393,395. 401, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 428. Al-Abā', 224. Al-Akhdar, 224 425, 428 'Amr bin al-'As, 66, 167, 183, 379 'Amr bin 'Abdullah, 314 'Amr bin Hishām (see under Abū Jahl) 'Amr bin Umayyah al-Darmi, 178 ‘Amr ibn Luʻāba, 175 ‘Amr ibn Umayyah, 146. Aminah bint Wahb, 42, 43, 46, 48 ‘Ämir bin Fuhairah, 98, 316 ‘Āmir bin al-Sakn, 227 'Amir bin al-Ṭufail, 146 'Amir bin Umayyah al-Zumar, 400 'Ammar, 324 ‘Ammarah bin Ḥazam, 312 'Ammar bin Yasir, 192, 228. Anas bin Malik, 81, 109, 274, 287, 289, 300, 301, 310, 315, 317, 323, 332, 333, 337, 339, 348, 355, 356, 357, 358, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 411, 427. Al-'Aliya, 403. Al-'Amri, 218. Al-Arashi, 353. Al-'Ās bin Wa'il as-Sahmi, 99. Al-Faifā', 224. Al-Hajar, 224. Al-Harth, 193. Al-Harth bin 'Umair al-Azdi, 193. Al-Ḥātim, 81. Al-Hijr, 81. Al-Jārūd, 81. Al-Miqdād bin 'Amr, 123. Al-Mut'am, 72. Al-Rajji', 146. Al-Şa'id, 224. Al-Shaqq, 224. Al-'Urayd, 136. Al-Wadiul Qurā, 224 'Ala ibn Hadrami, 181 'Alī, 57, 60, 61, 96, 186, 187, 188, 190, 243, 298, 333, 337, 343, 370, 371, 372, 386, 415, 416, 424, ‘Aqabah, 75, 94, 95, 216, 346 'Aqbah' bin 'Amir Juhani, 298 'Aqra' bin Ḥābis, 371. Arqam, 69. Arwa, 49. Asad bin Zurārah, 106. Ashama ibn Abjar, 178 'Asim bin Adī, 227 'Asim bin Thabit al-Ansari, 142. Asmā', 97 'Asma bint 'Amr, 94. Aswad, 295. Aswad Ansi, 313, 314. Aswad bin Yazid, 291 ‘Atiq bin 'Ayid Makhzūmī, 375 'Auf bin Malik, 300. Aus bin Khaulah, 424 'Ayad bin Bishr, 192. Az-Zubair, 50, 386. Bādhān, 177, 315. Baḥirah, 49. Bahrain, 181. Baida', 307. Bait-e-Ridwan, 163 448

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Sa. Baitul Māl, 209. Baitul Ma'mur, 83. Bani 'Abd bin 'Adi, 99. Bani 'Abd Manāf, 59, 95. Bani/Banu 'Abdul Muttalib, 55, 56, 59, 66,70. Bani ad-Dail, 99. Bani ‘Alīm, 182. Bani Daus, 321. Bani Harith bin Khazraj, 206. Bani Nabit, 110. Bani Nahd, 182. Bani Salimah, 217, 218. Bani Tăim, 59. Bani Zuhra, 59. Banu 'Abs, 324. Banu ‘Āmir, 145, 184. Banu ‘Amr bin ‘Auf, 105, 110, 225. Banu Asad, 59. Banu ‘Auf, 94, 111, 113, 117, 154, 158. Banü Aus, 111, 117. Banu Bakr, 203. Banu Fazārah, 168. Banu Ghanam bin ‘Auf, 225. Banü al-Harith, 110, 111, 117. Banü Haritha, 161. Banu Hashim, 41, 70, 95, 96. Banü Hawazin, 203, 208, 209, 360. Banu Hudhail, 142, 145. Banu Jatham, 203. Banu Jusham, 110, 117. Banu Ka'b, 203. Banu Kalab, 203. Banu Khazraj, 94, 109, 113, 154, 212. Banū Lihỹan, 142. Banu Makhzūm, 59. Banu Musṭaliq, 147, 382, 392, 394, 395. Banu al-Nabit, 110. Banu Naḍīr, 108, 135, 149, 160, 161, 184, 396. Banu Najjar, 106, 110, 111, 117. Banu Qainuqā', 108, 113, 161, 184. Banu Quraizah, 108, 113, 153,161, 184, 396. Banu Sa'd, 45, 188,203. Banu Sāi'dah, 110, 117. Banu al-Shutaibah, 111, 117. Banu Sulaim, 136,145, 347. Banu Taim, 59. Banu Ta'i, 352. Banu Tha'labah, 117. Banu Thaqif, 203. Banü Zuhrah, 59. Bara' bin Aus, 414. Barah bint 'Abdul 'Uzza, 43. Bark al-Ghimād, 92. Barrah (Juwairiyyah), 394, 404. Barrah (Maimunah), 404. Battle of Aḥzāb, 147, 149, 318, 390. Battle of Autās, 203, 208, 209, 390, 394. Battle of Badr, 123, 127, 135, 137, 142, 144, 202, 216, 230, 298, 307, 314, 319, 325, 334, 387, 416. Battle of Dhatur Riqā', 191, 306. Battle of Fadak, 389. Battle of Fijār, 50. Battle of Hudaibiyyah, 390. Battle of Hunain, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 299, 338, 360, 390, 394. Battle of Jamal, 386. Battle of Khaibar, 120, 186, 188, 189, 191, 321, 390, 396. Battle of Mustaliq, 147, 382, 392, 394. Battle of Mu'tah, 193. Battle of Tabük, 121, 212, 215, 223, 224, 226, 229, 300, 311, 344. Battle of Uhud, 75, 122, 123, 137, 147, 202, 339, 340, 380, 388. Battle of Wadi al-Qura, 188, 189, 191, 390. Bilal bin Rabäh, 58, 64, 169, 326, 358, 389, 397. Bi'r Ma'unah, 145, 347. Bishr, 120. Bra' bin Aus, 414. Brā' bin 'Azib, 137. Budail bin Warqā', 163. Buraq, 81. Buṣră, 44, 49, 193. Chosroes Pervaiz, 122, 163, 170, 174, 177, 295, 315, 316 449

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sa. Copts, 179, 180. David, 51. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Dhanb Kawākib, 224. Dhātazzarāb, 224. Dhātil Khatmā, 224. Dhatun Nitäqain, 98. Dhi Khushab, 224. Dhi Qarad, 168. Dhil Jaifah, 224. Dhil-Marwah, 224. Dhū Awān, 227. Dhul Hulaifah, 167. Dhumarwah, 167. Dihyah al-Kalbī, 170, 396. Dirār Mosque, 225, 227. Duldul, 402. Durra bin Ummi Salamah, 388. Durayd ibn al-Simmah, 208. Egypt, 25, 30, 34, 170, 179, 180, 402. Ethopia (see under Habshah). Fadl bin 'Abbas, 424. Fatimah, 51, 323, 324, 333, 369, 369, 370,371, 372, 376, 410, 414, 415, 416, 422. Fatimah bint 'Amr, 49. Fatimah bint al-Khaṭṭāb, 68. Fadak, 187, 188. Firozban Firoz, 314. Ghassan, 182, 219. Ghaṭafān, 135, 168, 191. Habbar, 341. Habib bin 'Uyainah, 169. Habshah, 66. Hadrāmi Tribe, 182. Hafsah, 328, 386 Ḥajar, 202, 224. Hājirah, 31, 34, 39. Hajj, 36, 39, 50, 94, 234, 240, 377, 380, 387, 390, 394, 398, 402, 404, 417 Ḥajjatul Widā', 417. Hajr, 83. Hajr-e-Aswad, 52. Halah, 376. Halima, 45, 47. Hamdän, 182. Hamzah, 60, 65, 68, 81,340. Hanzalā bin al-Rabi' al-Asadī, 243. Harām ibn Milhān, 145. Harith (a Meccan leader), 142. Harith (husband of Ḥalima), 46, 47. Harith (son of Khadijah), 375. Harith (father of Maimūnah), 404. Harith (father of Juwairiyyah, 395. Harith bin 'Abdul Muttalib, 206. Harith bin Abi Hālah, 64. Harrah, 105. Hartha bin al-'Amān, 403. Harratil Wabarah, 307. Hasan bin 'Alī, 240, 288,, 289, 372, 416. Hassan bin Thabit, 181,403 Ḥatib bin Abi Balta'ah, 179, 402 Ḥāṭim Tā'i, 352. Hawāzin (Tribe of), 45, 50, 203. Heraclius, 28, 163, 170. Hijäz, 29, 188. Hilal bin Umayyah al-Waqifi, 218. Hilful Fudul, 50. Hind (son of Khadijah), 375. Hind bin Abi Hāla, 288, 289,. Hind bint Abi Talib, 77. Hinda bint 'Utbah, 340. Hira (town), 29. Hirā' (cave), 53, 55, 57. Hisham ibn 'Amr, 71. Hisham ibn 'Urwah, 290. Hubab bin Mundhir, 190. Hubal, 33, 139, 201. Huda, 142. Hudaibiyyah Pact, 162, 168, 182, 186, 188, 205, 390, 401. Hudhaifa bin Yamān, 121. Hudhail, 145. Husain bin 'Alī, 371, 372. Huyyay bin Akhṭab, 153, 185, 396, 397,. Ibn 'Abbas, 59, 87, 126, 127, 170, 313, 337, 403, 421. Ibn Ab'ud, 371 450

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. Ibn Abi Kabsha, 173. Ibn Abi Saraḥ, 198. Ibn Daghinah, 92. Ibn Ḥazam, 322. Ibn Shahāb, 99, 104. Ibn Ummi Mahtūm, 168. Ibni 'Umar, 160. Ibrahim (the Prophet), 31, 34, 38, 41, 118,200, 274, 367, 368, 380 sa. Ibrahim (son of Muḥammad"), 367, 368, 375, 402, 403, 414 'Ikrimah, 162, 341. Imām Abū Ḥanīfa, 362. Imām Jalaluddin Suyūṭī, 48. Imām Mālik, 304, 426. Imām Zuhri, 174. Iran, 26, 29, 174, 177, 318. Iraq, 26. Isḥāq, 34. Ismail, 31, 34, 37, 38, 41, 118. Isrā', 77, 84. Jābir, 150, 151, 235, 306, 346, 351. Jābir bin 'Abdullah, 276, 310, 331. Jabir bin Samrah, 357. Jabir bin Samurah, 287, 292, 323. Ja'far bin Abu Talib, 67, 194, 195. Jafnah, 111, 117. Jannatul Baqī‘, 380, 385, 388, 425, 426. Jannat-e-Mu'allā, 376. Jatham, 203. Jesus (‘Īsā) 82, 85, 178, 275, 281, 286. Ji'rānah, 207, 209, 316, 359, 388. Jubair bin Mut'im, 256, 330. Juwairiyyah, 386, 338. Ka'bah, 32, 39, 40, 42, 47, 52, 62, 64, 70, 89, 118,131, 152, 175, 183, 193, 200, 233, 240, 319, 324. Ka'b bin Ashraf, 135. Ka'b bin Malik, 215, 219. Ka'b bin Murra, 320. Ka'b ibn Sa'id ibn al-‘Āṣ, 399. Ka'b ibn Zaid, 146. Khadijah, 21, 51, 53, 55, 72, 80. 305, 359, 367, 374, 376, 390, 409, 414. Khaibar, 149, 185, 186,187, 188, 191, 221, 390, 396, 397. Kharash bin Umayyah, 163. Khaula bint Hakim, 377. Khalid bin Sa'id bin al-'Ās, 243, 400. Khālid bin Walīd, 162, 166, 183,196, 318. Khazraj, 94, 108, 113, 154, 158, 206, 212. Khubaib, 142. Khunais bin Hudhaifah As-sahmī, 397. Khuwailid bin Asd bin ‘Abdul ‘Uzzā bin Quṣayy, 51, 374. Khuzā', 163. Kūfā, 323. Madā'in, 152. Madrān, 224. Mahārib, 191. Maḥrāz bin Naḍlah, 169. Maimunah, 404,422. Maisrah, 375. Makhramah bin Muṭṭalib, 384. Mālik bin 'Auf Naṣry, 203. Mālik bin al-Dukhshum, 227. Mālik bin Huwairith, 332. Malik bin Ju'sham, 99. Malik bin Sa'sa‘a, 81. Ma'n bin 'Adī, 227. Manşūr bin 'Ikrimah, 70. Marr al-Zahrān, 182. Mariah al-Qibtiyyah, 181, 402. Marwah, 36, 183, 331. Masjid Nabawi, 106, 326, 422. Masjid al-Qiblatain, 119. Masruq, 295. Mas'ud bin ‘Umair Thaqfi, 404. Mecca, Conquest of, 197. Mid'am, 189. Mi'raj, 77, 81. Mirzā Bashir Ahmad, 381. Mirzā Bashiruddin Mahmud Ahmad, 79. Moses, 51, 55, 67, 83, 124, 274, 281, 351, 397. Mu'adh bin Jabal, 217, 368. Mu'aiqib bin Abi Fatimah, 243. Mu'attab bin Abū Lahab, 319. Mu'awiyyah bin Abu Sufyān, 317 451

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sa. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Muḍād ibn 'Amr, 31. Muḥammad bin Qais, 384. Muhayyisah bin Mas'ud, 189. Multazim, 319. Mundhir bin 'Amr, 145. Mundhir bin Sāwā al-'Abdi, 181. Muqām-e-Ibrāhīm, 201. Muqawqis, 179, 402. Murarah bin Ar-Rabi' al-Amri, 218. Musailimah ibn Ḥabīb (al-Kadhahāb), 313. Mūsā (see under Moses). Mus ab ibn 'Umair, 94. Mutarraf, 327. Muț'im bin Adi, 76. Najd, 145, 191,306. Najrän, 348. Nakhal, 191. Nakhla, 76. Nasr (a branch of Hawāzin), 203. Negus, 66, 170, 178, 399. Nineveh, 75. Nun bin Yusha', 189. Nusaybah, 94. Oman, 30 Şadr Hauḍi, 224 Șafā, 36, 59, 183, 331. Safiyyah bint Huyayyi, 154, 303, 396, 397, 398, 409. Safwan bin Mu'attal, 360, 382. Safwān bin Umayyah, 64. Sahbā, 189, 396. Sahl, 106. Sahl bin Hunaif, 190. Sahl bin Hanif, 352. Sahl bin Sa'd, 186, 356. Sa'id ibn Zaid, 68. Sakrān bin 'Amr, 375. Sal', 220. Salām bin Mushkam, 120. Salamah (son of Durayd), 208. Salamah bin al-Akwa', 168, 208. Salamah bin Ummi Salamah, 388 Şalatul Khauf, 192. Salman Färisi, 149. Samurah, 206 Şan'ā, 152. Sārah, 34. Qadisiyyah, 352. Qailah Umm Banī Anmār, 331. Qais bin Sa'd, 352. Qarn Tha'lib, 75, 346. Qāsim, 51, 376, 414. Qubā', 97, 103, 105, 212, 225, 298. Qusayy, 43, 62. Rabāḥ 168. Rabi'ah bin Rafi', 208. Rabi'ah bin Umayyah, 419. Ramla bint Abū Sufyān, 399. Rome, 25, 173, 193, 318. Rukānah, 61. Rumah, 310. Ruqayyah, 51, 376, 381, 414, 415. Sa'd bin Abi Waqqās, 119, 323. Sa'd bin ‘Āmir, 136. Sa'd bin Hisham bin ‘Āmir, 302, 303. Sa'd bin Mu'adh, 158. Sa'd bin ‘Ubadah, 168, 190, 210, 368. Sa'd bin Zaid, 168 452. Sarif, 404. Saudah bint Zam‘ah, 376, 393, 410. Shajarah, 307. Shaqq-e-Şadr, 47. Shaqta Bani 'Uzrah, 224. Sherawiyyah, 177, 315. Shi‘bi Abi Talib, 70, 72. Shifā' bint ‘Abdullāh, 387. Shīmā, 206. Shurahbil, 193. Shuraḥbil bin Hasana, 243, 400. Shuraḥbil bin Şimt, 320. Sidratul Muntahā, 83. Sirin, 181, 402. St. Catherine, 348. Suhail, 106, 145, 364. Suhail bin 'Amr, 164. Sulaiman, 408. Surāqah bin Malik, 99, 316. Suqul Lail, 43. Suwailum, 229

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa 58. Syria, 25, 27, 30, 31, 43, 44, 51, 104, 123, 124, 152, 161, 165, 168, 170, 181, 188, 191, 193, 212, 318, 342, 402. Syriac, 161. Tabük, 217. Tahir, 375, 414. Ta'if, 72. Talha bin 'Abdullah, 50, 58. Talḥa bin 'Ubaidullāh, 141, 220, 229. Taymā', 187, 191. Tayyab, 376, 414. Thabit bin Qais, 313, 394. Thanitah, 224. Thaur, 97, 98, 100. Tufail, 207, 387 'Ubadah, 387 'Ubadah bin Sāmat, 317 ‘Ubaidullah ibn Jaḥsh, 399. Ubayy bin Ka'b, 243, 368. Ubayy bin Khalf, 339 'Ukaz Fair, 50. Umāmah, 358,415. Umayyah bin Khalaf, 64. Umm Aiman, 47, 48, 294. Umm 'Alā, 366. Umm Burdah bin Khaulah, 414. Umm Hakim, 49. Umm Hāni, 77, 80, 84, 379. Umm Ḥarām bint Milḥān, 317. Umm Jamil, 65. Umm Ma'bad, 103, 309. Umm al-Qurā, 201. Umm Rumān, 377 'Umar bin Umayya al-Damri, 178 'Umar bin Ummi Salamah, 388 'Umru bin 'Auf, 105 ‘Urayd, 91 'Urwah, 163 'Urwah bin Zubair, 75, 104, 379. Usaid bin Hudair, 299. Usāmah bin Qatādah, 324. Usamah bin Zaid, 144, 335, 347, 368, 369, 424 'Usfan, 142, 409 'Utbah bin Abū Lahab, 319, 415 'Utbah bin Rābi'ah, 65, 96 'Utbah bin Usaid, 167 'Utbah bin Abū Lahab, 319 ‘Utaybah bin Abū Lahab, 415 'Uthman bin 'Affan, 58, 163, 191, 198, 243, 381, 387, 415 'Uthman bin Maz'ün, 66, 377 'Uthman bin Talḥa, 201 'Uyainah bin Hisn, 168. Wahb bin 'Abd Manāf, 43. Waḥshī, 227, 340. Waraqah bin Nauful, 47, 54. Wāthila ibn al-Asqa, 41. Yaḥya (John), 82. Yamāmah, 182, 202, 314. Yathrib, 43, 47, 94, 97, 107, 110, 112, 117, 202,. Yazid bin Sufyan, 191. Yemen, 27, 32, 175, 177, 182, 213, 314, 315. Zahir bin Harām, 356. Zaid bin Dathinah, 142. Ummi Habibah, 399. Zaid bin Haritha, 73, 193. Ummi Kulthum, 51, 376, 381, 414, 415. Ummi Salamah, 166, 369, 370, 372, 388, 389, 410. Umm Sulaim, 310, 323, 355, 397. Ummul Fadl, 404. Ummul Masākīn, 388 'Umair, 358 'Umar bin Abi Salama, 372 'Umar bin al-Khaṭṭāb, 68, 70, 86, 123, 127, 138, 241, 295, 324, 336. Zaid bin Sa'nah, 342. Zaid bin Thabit, 161, 209, 243, 368 sa. Zainab bint Muḥammad, 51, 71, 341, 358, 368, 376, 381, 414, 415. Zainab (wife of Abū Bakr), 378. Zainab (wife of Salām), 120. Zainab bint Abi Salmah, 401. Zainab bint Jaḥsh, 390, 392, 393, 399, 410,. Zainab bint Khuzaimah, 387 453

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muḥammad Mustafa. Zainab bint Ummi Salamah, 388. Zam'ah ibn Qais ibn 'Abd Shams, 376. Zamzam, 36. Zaqaqul Muwallad, 43. Zubair bin al-‘Awwām, 58, 243. Zuhair ibn Abu Umayyah, 71 454. Sa

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. About the Author. Sa. Dr. Karimullah Zirvi was born on May 20, 1940 in Lahore, Pakistan.. He completed his undergraduate education in 1959 at Ta'limul Islām. College in Rabwah, Pakistan. He obtained his B.Ed. in 1961 at Central. Training College in Lahore. He taught at Ta'limul Islam High School in. Ghatialian, Pakistan for one year. In 1963, he completed his M.Sc. degree in Chemistry from Karachi University and secured the second position in the University.. In 1964, Dr. Zirvi was awarded a Fulbright-Hays Award and a. Research Grant from the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky for. Post-Graduate studies. In 1968, he completed his Ph.D. in Pharmacology in the laboratory of Dr. Charles H. Jarboe. His thesis was entitled, "Synthesis and Pharmacology of Centrally Active Imides and Amides of. Certain Cyclobutanecarboxylic Acids.". After completing his post-doctoral work at the University of. Louisville, he became a Senior Research Officer at Pakistan Council of. Scientific & Industrial Research (PCSIR) Labs in Peshawar, Pakistan. In 1972, he joined Pahlavi University in Shiraz, Iran as an Associate. Professor in the Department of Pharmacology. During this time, he was awarded an International Cancer Research Technology Transfer (ICRETT). Award from Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany. In 1978, Dr. Zirvi and his family emigrated to the United States of America where he took up a position as a visiting scientist at the University of. Louisville. 455

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa sa. He was a research scientist at the University of California San. Diego in La Jolla, California from 1979 to 1980. Then he moved to. Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee where he worked as a research scientist in the Department of Chemistry. In 1982, Dr. Zirvi joined the faculty at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ). There he taught and did research in oncology until he retired in 1993 as an Associate Professor. During his research career he was awarded an NIH Research Grant, VA Research Grant and a New Jersey State. Cancer Research Grant. He is the author of over 65 peer-reviewed publications and holds a patent. Dr. Zirvi's biographical sketch is also published in Asia/Pacific Who's Who (Vol. VII, p. 656) and. Asian/American Who's Who (Vol. V).. Dr. Zirvi is an active member of U.S.A. Jama'at. He has held many positions over the years which include Sadr Ansarullah USA from 1993 to 1999. As Sadr Ansarullah, he published several special issues of Al-Nahl magazine which included a special tribute to the life of Professor Dr.. Abdus Salam, Nobel Laureate of Physics. He was the National Ta'lim (Education) Secretary USA from 1998 to 2007. He has been General. Secretary (1983 to 2000) and Vice President (2000-present) of the North. New Jersey Jama'at. In addition, he has been a past President of the. Ahmadiyya Muslim Scientists Association as well as the General. Secretary of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Medical Association (AMMA) from 1982 to 1996. In 1993, he, along with Dr. Imtiaz Chaudhary (then President of the AMMA), visited Ahmadiyya Hospitals in Sierra Leone, Liberia and the Gambia and delivered surgical instruments and medicines which were collected from Ahmadi doctors in the USA. He is also the Editor of the. Aḥmadiyya Gazette USA and An-Noor since May 2004.. Dr. Karimullah Zirvi currently lives in Fair Lawn, New Jersey with his wife, Amatul Latif Zirvi. She is the daughter of the late Malik Saifur. Rahman Sahib, former Mufti Silsilah 'Aliyyah Ahmadiyya and the late. Amatul Rashid Shaukat Sahibah, former Editor of the Misbah, Rabwah,. Pakistan. Dr. Zirvi has three sons (Nasir Zirvi, Dr. Monib Zirvi, Dr. Khalid. Zirvi) and one daughter (Sumra Zirvi) and seven grandchildren. 456

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The Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad Mustafa. Other publications by Dr. Zirvi include: 0. Words of Wisdom 0. Welcome to Aḥmadiyyat, the True Islām. Invocations of the Holy Prophet Muhammad Mustafa. Ta'limul Qur'ān sa 457

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