Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq

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Hadrat Abu Bakr SIDDIQ ra (May Allah be pleased with him) Mirza Ghulam Ahmad M.A.Syed Mubashar Ahmad Ayaz

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Hadrat Ab u Bakr S idd i q ra (English rendering of an Urdu book Hadrat Ab u Bakr S idd i q ra ) Rendered into English by: Children’s Book Team of Additional Wak ala t-e-Ta s n if First published in English in the United Kingdom in 2015 © Islam International Publications Ltd.Published by: Additional Wak a lat-e-Ta s n i f (Islam International Publications Ltd.) Islamabad, Sheephatch Lane Tilford, Surrey GU10 2AQ, UK Printed in the UK at: Raqeem Press Tilford, Surrey, GU10 2AQ No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission from the Publisher.For more information please visit: www.alislam.org ISBN: 978-1-84880-848-5

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TABLE oF ConTENTS Foreword.......................................................................................................................i Map..............................................................................................................................iii 1 The Greatest Sacrifice...................................................................5 2 Early Years......................................................................................7 3 A Wealthy Merchant and an Honest Judge............................9 4 First to Believe.............................................................................11 5 The Best Muslim and a Caller to God...................................13 6 A Protector of the Weak..........................................................15 7 The Most Courageous of All...................................................19 8 The Emigrations to Abyssinia..................................................21 9 A Wish to Worship Freely........................................................23 10 Steadfastness During Trials......................................................27 11 The Father of ‘ A ’ishah ra.............................................................29 12 The Pledge of ‘Aqabah...............................................................31 13 An Evil Plot.................................................................................35 14 A Daring Plan.............................................................................39 15 Miracle of the Cave...................................................................45 16 Arrival at Qub a ’..........................................................................49 17 Mad i nah Welcomes the Prophet of God sa............................51

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18 The Battle of Badr......................................................................55 19 The Battle of U h ud....................................................................61 20 The Battle of the Ditch..............................................................67 21 The Treaty of H udaibiyah........................................................73 22 The Battle of Khaibar.................................................................77 23 The Conquest of Makkah.........................................................79 24 The Battle of H unain.................................................................81 25 The Battle of Tab u k....................................................................83 26 Final Pilgrimage of the Holy Prophet sa..................................87 27 The Muslims Grieve...................................................................91 28 The First Khalifah of Islam.......................................................95 29 A Mountain of Troubles.........................................................101 30 The Expedition to Syria..........................................................103 31 Rebellion....................................................................................105 32 Collection of the Holy Quran..............................................107 33 Death..........................................................................................111 34 Glimpses of a Blessed Life.....................................................113 Glossary..................................................................................................121 Publishers’ Note....................................................................................125 Study Guide and Workbook...............................................................129 References..............................................................................................141

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In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful, We praise Him and invoke His blessings upon His Noble Messenger FoREWoRD This series of books was originally published in Urdu to provide children with a basic knowledge and understanding of revered figures from our religious history.Illustrations, children’s activities and glossaries have been added to enhance the learning experience for children.The goal of the series is for children to develop a love and appreciation for the profound faith and the immense sacrifices of the revered personalities portrayed in these books.It is also hoped that the examples of righteousness found in these pages inspire children to cultivate a personal relationship with Allah the Almighty.This particular book is about the life of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was the closest friend of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa and the first Khalifah of Islam.His steadfastness after the demise of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa kept the Muslims united and set them on the path of success.All Muslims owe a debt of gratitude to

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Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra for his life-long devotion and services to Islam, and due to the fact it was through him that Allah established Khilafat in Islam.The Children’s Book Team of Additional Wak al at-e-Ta s n if has rendered the series in English.Some modifications and additions have been made to the original text for the sake of historical accuracy and style.The team is headed by Uzma Saeed Ahmad and includes: Ruqaiya Asad, Hafia Khan, Rehana Khattak, Noma Saeed Samee, and Amina Maryem Shams.We would like to thank Ayyaz Mahmood Khan and Abdul-Quddus Arif for their efforts in reviewing this book and preparing it for publication.We would also like to thank the Research Cell, Rabwah, for providing the original references in this book.May Allah the Almighty reward them abundantly in this world and the hereafter.Ami n.Munir-ud-Din Shams Additional Wak il ut-Ta s n if July 2015

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H unain Tab u k Khaibar NORTH Mad i nah (Yathrib) Makkah S an‘ a’ Yemen Syria Red Sea Egypt Abyssinia ARABIA Circa 700 A.D

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1 The Greatest SacriFice O nce it so happened that the Roman Emperor Heraclius prompted the Arab and Syrian non-Muslim tribes to attack the Muslims with his help.When news of this reached the Holy Prophet sa , he decided that rather than wait for the attack, the Muslims should strike first.Therefore, he began to prepare for battle.At that time, the Muslim government had no regular supply of money.Therefore, whenever there was a need, the Holy Prophet sa would ask the Muslims to make sacrifices for Allah’s sake in the form of voluntary contributions in cash or kind.This time, as well, the Holy Prophet sa called

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HADRAT ABU BAKR ra 6 for people to make donations.* All the devoted companions ra of the Holy Prophet sa sacrificed willingly, according to their means.Some contributed one thousand dirhams (silver coins); some gave four thousand.Some even gave away half of their possessions.However, there was one companion who gathered together all that there was in his house and brought it to the Holy Prophet sa for the cause.Upon seeing how much this companion ra had laid at his feet, the Holy Prophet sa asked him, “Have you left anything at home for your wife and children?” At this, the companion ra replied, “I have left for them, Allah and His Messenger sa ”.1 Do you know who this loyal companion was? The name of this devotee of the Holy Prophet sa is Ab u Bakr ra.He was one of the first individuals to accept the Holy Prophet sa , and was also his first Khalifah (successor).Indeed, in the history of Islam, the most well-known name after that of the Holy Prophet sa , is that of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra.He is not only a highly respected figure in Islamic history but also in the history of the world since he was one of those people who changed the course of history.* This was the Siege of Tab u k.In order for the Muslim army to make such a long journey, some 200 miles to the border of Syria, they needed to make many great sacrifices.First of all, they had to leave the heavily-laden fruit trees without harvesting them and to set off in extremely hot weather.Allah mentions this in the Holy Quran, At-Taubah, 9:38-39; 42-47; 81-106 (Publisher)

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2 Early YEARS Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was born in the ancient city of Makkah, home to the Ka‘bah (the first house of worship of Allah).Makkah was also the birthplace of the Holy Prophet sa , and both he and Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra belonged to the Quraish tribe.Although we do not know exactly when Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was born, yet we know that he was about two-and-a-half to three years younger than the Holy Prophet sa.His father was ‘Uthm a n Ab u Qu ha fah (also called Ab u Qu ha fah) and his mother was Ummul- Khair Salm a.They both belonged to the Ban u Tam i m clan of the tribe of the Quraish.2 At birth, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was named ‘Abdul-Ka‘bah (i.e.servant of the Ka‘bah), but after he accepted

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8 HADRAT ABU BAKR ra Islam, the Holy Prophet sa changed it to ‘Abdull a h (servant of Allah).Because of his nobility of character and handsome features people used to call him ‘At i q (noble).3 Since he was the first free man to accept Islam, he came to be known as S idd i q (truthful).It is unfortunate that we do not know more about the early childhood or history of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra.He was the closest friend of the Holy Prophet sa and he passed away at approximately the same age at which the Holy Prophet sa passed away.

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3 A Wealthy Merchant & AN Honest Judge B efore accepting Islam, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was a merchant, and he used to go to Syria and Yemen 4 on business trips.He made his first trade journey at the age of eighteen, and within a few years, he was counted amongst the most famous and wealthy businessmen of Makkah.Those who lived in Makkah and those outside of Makkah, who had business dealings with him, liked him and respected him for his honesty, excellent manners, wisdom, and good advice.Nobody knew the history and genealogy of the Quraish and its tribes better than Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra.He was frequently called upon to act as the arbitrator when disputes or fights broke out amongst the tribes of the Quraish.

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Dinar, 79 A.H./698–99 A.D.Syria Gold; 13/16 in.(2.1 cm) Bequest of Joseph H.Durkee,1898

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4 First to Believe When the Holy Prophet sa announced that Allah the Almighty had raised him as a Prophet, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra happened to be away from Makkah.Upon his return, a group of Makkan chiefs, including ‘Amr bin Hish a m (Ab u Jahl) * , ‘Utbah and Shaibah, came to visit him and told him scornfully that Ab u Ta lib’s nephew had claimed that he was a Prophet.After the chiefs left, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra went straight to the Holy Prophet sa and asked him whether he had claimed to be a Prophet from God.The Holy Prophet sa started to explain, but Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra interrupted him and asked once more if he had * ‘Amr bin Hish a m was very powerful among the Quraish who called him Abul- H akam (Father of Wisdom), but because of his cruelty toward the Holy Prophet sa and his followers, the Muslims called him Ab u Jahl (Father of Ignorance).(Publishers)

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12 HADRAT ABU BAKR ra declared himself to be a Prophet sent by God.The Holy Prophet sa responded that, yes, he had.Whereupon Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra immediately said, “Then I bear witness that you are a Messenger from God.” For this reason Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra is counted among the first Muslims, along with the members of the household of the Holy Prophet sa which included his wife, Hadrat Khad i jah ra , his nephew Hadrat ‘Al i ra , and the freed slave 5* of the Holy Prophet sa , Hadrat Zaid ra bin Ha rithah.The instant acceptance of Islam by Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra showed his complete trust in the Holy Prophet sa.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra had absolutely no doubt that the claim of the Holy Prophet sa was true because he knew that the Holy Prophet sa always spoke the truth.Once, when speaking about Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra , the Holy Prophet sa said, “Every person to whom I’ve delivered the message of Islam has hesitated before becoming Muslim except Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra , who instantly accepted Islam without any hesitation at all.” 5**

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5 The Best Muslim & A Caller to God Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was well-known among the Quraish for his righteousness, wisdom, wealth, and helpfulness.As soon as he accepted Islam, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra surrendered his entire life and wealth in service of Islam and the Holy Prophet sa.Due to his noble qualities Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was greatly honoured and respected by the Quraish.The news of his acceptance of Islam spread quickly, and came as a huge shock to the chiefs of the Quraish.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra began to preach Islam to the people of Quraish.Because of his efforts some members of the well-known Makkan families accepted Islam.They were Hadrat ‘Uthm a n bin ‘Aff a n ra , who became the third Khalifah of the Holy Prophet sa ;

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14 HADRAT ABU BAKR ra Hadrat ‘Abdur-Ra h m a n bin ‘Auf ra and Hadrat Ab u ‘Ubaidah bin ‘Abdull a h bin Al-Jarr ah ra.The following companions had the added honour of being quite young when they accepted Islam: Hadrat Sa‘d bin Ab i Waqq as ra , who was nineteen years old and in the prime of his youth when he became a Muslim; Hadrat Zubair bin Al-‘Aww a m ra , a cousin of the Holy Prophet sa , was only fifteen years old when he accepted Islam; and Hadrat T al h ah bin ‘Ubaidull a h ra , who was also quite young.All of these six individuals are considered amongst the greatest of the companions, as well as the closest companions and advisors of the Holy Prophet sa.In addition to these, there was Hadrat Kh a lid bin Sa‘ i d ra and also Hadrat ‘Uthm a n bin Ma z ‘ u n ra , who was from the Ban u Jamh.He was a man of such pious and simple habits that he even asked to become a hermit but the Holy Prophet sa refused as it is not permitted in Islam to ignore the rights of one’s fellow human beings in order to worship God.

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6 A Protector of the Weak W hen the Quraish discovered that all of these people had accepted Islam, they became very angry.They began beating and torturing the new Muslims so that they would give up Islam.When Hadrat ‘Uthm a n ra became a Muslim his own paternal uncle would tie him up with ropes and beat him so badly that he would faint.Hadrat Zubair bin Al-‘Aww a m ra was wrapped in rugs pumped full of smoke, so that he would start to choke and was unable to breathe.There are many other cases of Muslims being persecuted in various ways, despite being well-off or well-respected members of their tribes.However, the Muslims who suffered the most were those who were slaves because they were completely at

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16 HADRAT ABU BAKR ra the mercy of their masters and had no one to help them.The disbelievers would lash them with whips and break the bones in their hands and feet.During the hottest season of the year their masters would deny them food and water and leave them outside in extreme heat for days at a time, and then they would drag them across the burning hot ground.Hadrat Bil a l ra was tortured in the most horrible ways.His master, Umayyah bin Khalf, would make him lie down bare- backed, on hot stones in the noonday heat, and then would put heavy rocks on top of his chest so that he could not move.He would whip Hadrat Bil a l ra , urging him to deny the Oneness of God, but the only sound to be heard coming from the lips of Hadrat Bil a l ra was, “A h ad, A h ad (Allah is One, Allah is One).” This would anger Umayyah so much that he would then tie a rope round his neck and hand him over to the troublemakers of Makkah who would drag him throughout the stony streets of the city.Similarly, Ab u Fukaih’s ra master, S afw a n bin Umayyah would force him to lie down on the burning ground and place such heavy stones upon him that his tongue would come out of his mouth.Ab u Jahl beat Hadrat Zunairah ra so mercilessly that she lost her sight.The master of Lubainah would continuously beat

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HADRAT ABU BAKR 17 her until fatigue would overtake him.After catching his breath he would begin to beat her again.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra rescued all of these helpless souls by purchasing their freedom, regardless of cost.In addition, he also bought ‘ A mir bin Fuhairah ra , An-Nahdiyyah ra and Ummi-‘Ab i s.6 Because their masters knew that Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra could not bear to see his fellow Muslim brothers and sisters being beaten and persecuted, they set the selling price much higher than normal.Nevertheless, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra would pay the high price they demanded, without complaint.At this, once his father ‘Uthm a n Ab u Qu ha fah even said, “If you are going to spend your money on buying slaves, then at the very least, instead of buying old, weak and blind slaves, you should purchase strong, young slaves to free, since they might be useful to you someday.” Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra responded by saying, “No, I spend my money for Allah’s sake.I do not want to gain any worldly benefit from this good deed of mine.”

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A Desert Rock

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7 The Most Courageous of All A lthough the Holy Prophet sa was protected in the beginning * , eventually even he was not spared from this violence.One day many of the chiefs of the Quraish were sitting in the Ka‘bah.The Holy Prophet sa also went there to perform his T aw a f (circuits of the Ka‘bah) and offer his S al a t (prescribed daily prayers).When ‘Uqbah bin Ab i Mu’ i t saw the Holy Prophet sa , he and his friends attacked him and beat him so badly that he became unconscious.Then ‘Uqbah wrapped his shawl around the neck of the Holy Prophet sa and began to drag him.His friends walked * Ab u Ta lib had gathered the Ban u H a shim and Ban u Mu tt alib and urged that they should protect the Holy Prophet sa.They had all agreed, with the exception of his uncle Ab u Lahab, who was ruthless in his hatred of the Holy Prophet’s sa mission.His evil character and ill fate is mentioned in the Holy Quran, Surah Al-Lahab, ch.111.(Publishers)

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HADRAT ABU BAKR ra 20 alongside continuing to beat the Holy Prophet sa and use abusive language toward him.When Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was informed of this, he immediately rushed into the angry crowd of disbelievers.He ran through the group of disbelievers, hitting and pushing the attackers out of the way, until he was able to rescue the Holy Prophet sa.During the struggle he kept repeating, “Do you persecute a man only because he says, ‘My Lord is Allah’?” 7 At this, the disbelievers became so enraged that they started beating him as well.They beat him so severely that his head began to bleed.As he was being beaten, he kept saying, “O my Lord of Honour and Majesty, You are full of blessings.” Finally, his relatives came to his rescue.His daughter, Hadrat ‘ A ’ishah ra said that when he arrived home, he had been beaten so badly that wherever his head was touched, hair would fall out.

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8 The Emigrations to abyssinia A fter several years the persecution by the disbelievers became so cruel that the Holy Prophet sa advised the Muslims to travel to neighbouring Abyssinia (Ethiopia) so they could worship without fear.When a person leaves their home country for the sake of Allah, it is called Hijrat (migration; the Islamic calendar begins with the migration of the Holy Prophet sa to Mad i nah).For this reason, two groups of Muslims left their homes and emigrated there.The first group was made up of eleven men and four women; and in the following year a second group of more than eighty men and women made the journey.The Christian ruler of Abyssinia at the time, referred to as the Negus , was very

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HADRAT ABU BAKR 22 kind and took them under his protection and allowed them to settle there in peace.

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9 A wish to Worship Freely A fter this, at one time, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra also left Makkah with the intention of migrating to Ethiopia via Yemen.He had already travelled five nights and had arrived at Barikul-Ghim a d, when he came across a man, Ibni Daghinah, who was the chief of the Q a rah tribe.Ibni Daghinah asked him why he was leaving his home.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra responded, “My people have turned me out.For this reason, I have decided to travel throughout the land of Allah freely, and worship my Lord.” Ibni Daghinah was very upset, “But you are a person who helps the poor and the weak, who is kind to those in trouble, who is welcomingand hospitable to guests.A man with your excellent

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HADRAT ABU BAKR 24 qualities should not leave Makkah.Come, I take you into my protection.Return and worship your Lord in Makkah.” Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra accepted his offer and returned.On reaching Makkah, Ibni Daghinah scolded the chieftains of the Quraish saying, “Do you exile a man of such virtues?” He announced that Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was under his protection and that he would fight whoever persecuted Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra.The Quraish accepted this protection and Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra once again resumed his life in Makkah.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra made a small mosque in the courtyard of his home, where he would perform his prayers and recite the Holy Qur’ a n in a beautiful voice.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra had an extremely soft and tender heart, and he would often weep while reciting the verses of Holy Qur’ a n.This attracted the women and children of the Quraish who would gather around to watch him offer his prayers and listen to his beautiful recitation.Since Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was highly respected among the Quraish, his heartfelt worship would move the hearts of the watchers.The Quraish became fearful that their women and children would accept Islam.They were afraid that Hadrat Ab u Bakr’s ra recital of the Holy Qur’ a n might exercise a powerful influence on the hearts of their women and children.They complained to Ibni Daghinah saying,

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HADRAT ABU BAKR 25 “We cannot say anything to Ab u Bakr because you are protecting him, but we are scared that our women and children will become Muslims if he continues to recite the Qur’ a n in this manner.Therefore, you must make him stop.If you do not make him stop then we will do so ourselves.” Ibni Daghinah went to Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra and told him what the Quraish demanded.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra responded by saying, “I thank you for your offer of protection, but I will not stop worshipping for any reason.However, if you are fearful, then you may withdraw your protection.The protection of my Lord is enough for me.” 8 After Ibni Daghinah took away his protection, the Quraish inflicted many hardships upon Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra but he stayed rock-solid in his faith and belief.

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The Holy Prophet sa said, “Beautify the Quran with your voices.Verily, beautiful recitations will increase the Quran in grace.” Source: Sunan Ad-D a rim i 3501

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10 Steadfastness during trials U ntil now the position of the Muslims in Makkah was very weak.Other than Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra there was not a single influential person among the Quraish who had accepted Islam.There was no one to pressure the Quraish to stop the persecution of the Muslims.This situation changed in the sixth year of the Call when Hadrat H amzah ra entered the fold of Islam.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was so overjoyed that, as soon as he heard this news, he went to the courtyard of the Ka‘bah and became the first Muslim to openly announce the Unity of God there.When the Quraish saw the boldness of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra , they violently attacked him.They beat him so cruelly that he became unconscious.When he

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HADRAT ABU BAKR 28 regained consciousness, his first question was, “How is the Holy Prophet sa ?” 9 and he would not rest until he knew that the Holy Prophet sa was safe and well.After seven years of witnessing the continued success of Islam despite their severe opposition, the Quraish decided on a new and very cruel plan.The Quraish made a pact with one another that they would not buy or sell anything from the Muslims, nor would they allow any food or drink to reach them.They wanted to force Ab u Ta lib’s clan, the H a shimites, to give up their protection of the Holy Prophet sa and to punish and weaken the Muslims.The Muslims were besieged in the Valley of Ab u Ta lib and cut off from all food supplies for three terrible years.The few Muslims left in Makkah, including Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra , suffered extreme hardship and hunger alongside the Holy Prophet sa.

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11 The Father of ‘A’ishah When the boycott was finally lifted in the tenth year of the Call, Hadrat Khad i jah ra , the Holy Prophet’s sa beloved wife passed away.As marriage is a duty in Islam, the Holy Prophet sa began to pray for guidance about his second marriage.Allah showed him through a dream that He had chosen Hadrat ‘ A ’ishah, the daughter of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra to be his wife.When the proposal was taken to Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra and his wife Ummi Rumm a n ra , at first they were both astonished.They said, “How is this possible? The Holy Prophet sa is our brother.” The Holy Prophet sa then sent word that spiritual brotherhood does not affect physical relations.At this they were overjoyed and the Holy Prophet sa

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HADRAT ABU BAKR 30 On one occasion someone asked the Holy Prophet sa , “O Messenger of Allah! From among the people, whom do you love the most?” The Holy Prophet sa responded, “‘ A ’ishah.” He was then asked, “O Messenger of Allah! Who is it from among the men?” The Holy Prophet sa responded, “The father of ‘ A ’ishah.”

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12 The Pledge of ‘AqabaH T he Muslims continued to face hardships at the hands of the disbelievers.During this time, at the occasion of H ajj , the Holy Prophet sa met some pilgrims from Yathrib, which later came to be known as Mad i nah.The Holy Prophet sa gave them the message of Islam.These pilgrims became Muslims and they took a pledge to follow the Holy Prophet sa.This pledge is known as the Pledge of ‘Aqabah.The following year when they came for H ajj , they brought more people to meet the Holy Prophet sa.In this way, many people of Yathrib accepted Islam.These converts to Islam invited the Holy Prophet sa to live in Yathrib, promising him complete protection.As the Holy Prophet sa

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HADRAT Abu BAKR 32 still did not have any revelation from Allah in this matter, he stayed in Makkah; however, he instructed all the Muslims to go to Yathrib.So in the thirteenth year of the Call, the persecuted Muslims began to migrate to Yathrib.

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International Bai‘at: Today we pledge to follow the true teachings of the Holy Prophet of Islam sa by taking Bai‘at at the hand of our beloved Khalifah.

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13 An Evil Plot S oon only the Holy Prophet sa and a few other Muslim families, including Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra , were left in Makkah.When Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra asked for permission to go to Yathrib, the Holy Prophet sa said, “Do not leave yet.It is possible that Allah will provide you with a companion on your travel who will be able to help you during the journey.” Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra understood from this that the Holy Prophet sa wanted him to accompany him when the time came to migrate.Therefore, he started to prepare for the journey, buying two strong camels and feeding them pods from the acacia tree so that they would be ready to travel.He also retained a man, ‘Abdull a h bin ‘Uraiqa t , as his servant to show them the way.

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36 HADRAT Abu BakR 36 The disbelievers soon discovered that the people of Yathrib had started to accept Islam, and that most of the Muslims of Makkah had also migrated there.This caused them great worry since Yathrib was on the road between Makkah and Syria, and Makkah’s trade caravans often used this road.They thought that if the Holy Prophet sa moved to Yathrib and the people of Yathrib also became Muslim, then their trade caravans would face difficulty in making their way to Syria.In order to find some solution to this problem, they got together and began to consult one another.One man suggested, “We should capture Muhammad sa and bind him in iron chains so that he cannot go to Yathrib.” But the Makkans were afraid that if they did this, the Muslims would find out and attack Makkah in order to free the Holy Prophet sa , and so this suggestion was rejected.Another suggested that the Holy Prophet sa be exiled from Makkah.But this suggestion was also rejected, since it would widen the area in which the Holy Prophet sa was preaching and might lead to more Arabs converting to Islam.Finally, Ab u Jahl said that since the Holy Prophet sa was (God forbid) a national menace and criminal, he should be killed.It was decided that one person from each of the clans of the Quraish would strike the Holy Prophet sa at

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37 37 HADRAT ABU BAKR the same time in order to murder him.This way, the Ban u H a shim (the clan of the Holy Prophet sa ) would not be able to blame any one man and would not be able to seek revenge for his murder.10* While the Quraish were plotting with one another, the Holy Prophet sa went to the house of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra in the afternoon.Usually, the Holy Prophet sa would visit him either in the morning or in the evening.Seeing the Holy Prophet sa come in the afternoon, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra became worried.The Holy Prophet sa entered the house and said, “Allah has granted me permission to migrate from Makkah.” Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra replied, “Take me with you,” to which the Holy Prophet sa responded, “Of course.” 10** At the thought of accompanying the Holy Prophet sa , Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra became so excited that he started to cry.Hadrat ‘ A ’ishah ra , who was there at the time, later said, “That is the day when I discovered that someone can also cry when they are extremely happy.” Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra showed the Holy Prophet sa the two camels, saying, “I raised these two camels for this very day.” The Holy Prophet sa bought one of the camels from him.

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A Camel eating the leaves of an Acacia Tree

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14 A Daring Plan T hat very night, the disbelievers surrounded the house of the Holy Prophet sa , with the plan to attack him in the morning and kill him.The Holy Prophet sa asked his young cousin and devoted companion, Hadrat ‘Al i ra , to lie down in his bed and then wrapped his own cloak around him.The Holy Prophet sa assured him that no harm would come to him.Thus the Quraish assumed that the Holy Prophet sa was lying asleep in his bed.But in fact the Holy Prophet sa had left his house during the night, and had started his journey away from Makkah with Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra.When the Quraish found Hadrat ‘Al i ra in the bed in the morning they realised that their plan had failed.

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40 HADRAT ABU BAKR 40 The usual route to Yathrib was not safe for the Holy Prophet sa and Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra as they were afraid that on this route, the Quraish would catch up with them on horseback and capture them.So the Holy Prophet sa used another route which was rarely used, and started towards the cave called Thaur.The cave of Thaur was to the south of Makkah, and Yathrib was to the north of Makkah.Therefore it would not have occurred to the disbelievers that the Holy Prophet sa would use this route.When they arrived at the cave of Thaur, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra cleaned up the cave, and then the Holy Prophet sa went inside.After a while, the Holy Prophet sa laid his head in the lap of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra in order to rest.The Holy Prophet sa was sleeping when a snake emerged from a hole.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra tried to kill the snake by stepping on it with his foot, but the snake bit his foot.However, he did not want to disturb the Holy Prophet sa , so he sat still and did not move.The pain from the snakebite was so severe that his eyes filled with tears.One of these tears fell on the Holy Prophet’s sa face, and woke him up.He asked Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra , “What is wrong?” Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra replied, “A snake has bitten me.” The Holy Prophet sa immediately rubbed some of his saliva on the snakebite, and the

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41 41 HADRAT ABU BAKR pain decreased.11 For three days, the Holy Prophet sa and Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra stayed hidden in the cave.Each evening Asm a’ ra , the daughter of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra , would prepare food for them.Her brother, ‘Abdul la h, would take it to them in the cave.He would also bring them news every night.‘ A mir bin Fuhairah ra was a former slave who had been freed by Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra and become his close friend.Hadrat ‘ A mir bin Fuhairah ra would take his goats to graze near the cave during the day, and after milking them, would present the fresh milk to the Holy Prophet sa and Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra.By taking his goats to graze near the cave of Thaur, Hadrat ‘ A mir bin Fuhairah ra wiped out any footprints left by the Holy Prophet sa and Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra that could lead the Makkans to their hiding place.In the meantime, the Quraish kept searching for the Holy Prophet sa.They even announced a reward of one hundred camels for whoever could bring the Holy Prophet sa back to Makkah.In their greed for the reward, many people started to search for the Holy Prophet sa.Two or three men arrived at the cave in their search.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra saw their feet from inside the cave and he started to worry, not for himself, but for the safety of the Holy

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42 HADRAT ABU BAKR 42 Prophet sa and for the fate of Islam.He said, “O Prophet of God! I fear not for myself, but for you.For, if I die, I am but an ordinary man; but if you die, it will mean death to faith and spirit.” But the Holy Prophet sa reassured him and said, “Fear not.Allah is with us.” 12 The Holy Qur’ a n mentions this incident honouring Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra by referring to him as, Th a ni y athnain or the ‘Second of the Two’ (S u rah At-Taubah, 9: 40).This shows the high status of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra in the sight of Allah.

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A Snake in a Cave.

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15 MiRacle of the CAVE When the Holy Prophet sa and Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra were hiding in the cave of Thaur an amazing and miraculous event took place.The Holy Prophet sa spent most of the time that they were hiding in the tiny cave in constant prayer.Meanwhile, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra looked out for their security.When the men from Makkah came near the cave in their search, they were fully armed and ready to kill both the Holy Prophet sa and Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra.This was a most dangerous moment and could have meant the end of Islam if the Makkans had succeeded.This is why Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was trembling with fear as he heard the voices of the men outside.However, the Holy Prophet sa felt no fear at all.He knew that Allah

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46 HADRAT ABU BAKR 46 would protect them and, indeed, divine protection came in a beautiful and miraculous way.As one of the men came within a few meters of where the Holy Prophet sa and Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra were hiding, he suddenly turned around and started walking away from the entrance of the cave.His companions asked him, “Why have you not gone into the cave?” He responded, “The entrance is covered with a spider’s web, and a pair of doves has made a nest on the edge of it.It is obvious that no one could have gone inside the cave without disturbing the doves and destroying the spider’s web.” 13 Hearing this the Makkans agreed to leave and all of them returned to Makkah having failed to carry out their evil plan.In this way, Allah protected the Holy Prophet sa and Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra from the Makkans by using two of his weakest and gentlest creations, the spider and the dove.

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A Nesting Dove

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16 Arrival at Quba’ O n the fourth day, the Holy Prophet sa and Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra emerged from the cave.‘Abdull a h bin ‘Uraiqa t brought them their camels, and they started out for Yathrib.Throughout the trip, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra served the Holy Prophet sa and, with an eye to protecting the Holy Prophet sa , would sometimes travel ahead of him, and sometimes keep an eye behind him, making sure nobody was following them.Also, he would tell the Holy Prophet sa to go to sleep, while keeping watch himself.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra had often travelled this route for his business, so he was well known.Whenever he met someone on the journey who asked him who the Holy Prophet sa was, he would only say, “He is my guide.” 14

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50 HADRAT ABU BAKR 50 After several days of travel, about two or three miles from Yathrib, they arrived at a place called Qub a ’ and stayed there.Having arrived at Qub a ’, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra finally breathed a sigh of relief.The news that the Holy Prophet sa had arrived at Qub a ’ quickly reached Yathrib, and people came out to meet him.As many people had not yet met the Holy Prophet sa , they could not tell which of the two of them, was the Messenger of Allah.When Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra realised that people mistakenly believed that he was the Prophet of God, he got up and used a sheet to provide shade for the Holy Prophet sa.Thus the people were able to recognize the Holy Prophet sa.15 Hadrat ‘Al i ra also came to meet the Holy Prophet sa at Qub a ’.Here, the Holy Prophet sa built a mosque.After staying in Qub a ’ for a few days, the Holy Prophet sa went on to Yathrib.This place, blessed by being chosen by the Holy Prophet sa as his future home, was ever afterwards known as Mad i natun-Nab i (City of the Prophet), or Mad i nah.

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17 Madinah Welcomes the Prophet of God sa When the Holy Prophet sa arrived in Mad i nah, the Muslims who were already there gave him a grand welcome.Small children sang with joy.“The full moon has risen upon us from behind the valley of Wad a ‘ to shine on us.” 16 This meant that they were living in the dark before the Holy Prophet sa came to shed his light on them.They repeated loudly, “Allah’s Messenger has arrived, Allah’s Messenger has arrived!” That day, Mad i nah’s Muslims rejoiced in the way that people rejoice for ‘ I d (religious celebration).They treated the Holy Prophet sa and the other emigrants with

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52 HADRAT ABU BAKR 52 respect and cheerfully arranged for their accommodation.On his arrival in Mad i nah the Holy Prophet sa , decided that each Muslim of Mad i nah would form a bond of brotherhood with a Makkan Muslim.The Makkan emigrants had left everything behind and had come empty-handed to Mad i nah.Through this formation of brotherly bonds, the Muslims of Mad i nah helped the Muslims of Makkah get settled in their new city.The Makkan emigrants were called the Muh a jir i n (the Emigrants) Mad i nah’s Muslims helped the Makkans in every possible way they could, so they became known as the An sa r (the Helpers).Kh a rijah bin Zaid ra was made the brother of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra.Since his house was in a neighboring town called Sun h , Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra stayed there as well.Just a few days after their migration to Mad i nah, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra came down with a fever, along with several of the other new emigrants.Mad i nah’s weather was different from Makkah’s, and a feverous sickness used to frequently break out there.The Holy Prophet sa prayed intensely for them and, by the Grace of God, the disease disappeared from Mad i nah.17 The Holy Prophet sa stayed at the house of Hadrat Ab u Ayy u b An sa r i ra in the beginning.Soon after his arrival in Mad i nah,

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53 53 HADRAT ABU BAKR the Holy Prophet sa bought some land that was paid for by Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra.Masjid-e-Nabaw i (the Mosque of the Prophet sa ) was built on this land.Surrounding the mosque was the house of the Holy Prophet sa and of the other Makkan emigrants and companions.These houses were made from dirt and stone, with the roofs made from leaves and branches of a date tree.Before the first house near the mosque could be built, the Holy Prophet sa sent someone to Makkah to bring his family to Mad i nah.The family of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra also came to Mad i nah at the same time.They stayed in Sakh for a few days.When the house was built near the mosque, the family of the Holy Prophet sa moved there.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra also bought a house nearby.Once they had arrived in Mad i nah, the Holy Prophet sa and the other refugees were safe from the persecution of the Makkan Quraish.However, the Quraish were enraged at the escape of the Muslims.They were also afraid that if the Muslims were allowed to live peacefully in Mad i nah, their numbers would increase.So they waited for an opportunity to attack the Muslims.A year and a half after the Holy Prophet sa emigrated to Mad i nah they finally found an opportunity in the form of the Battle of Badr.

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Masjid-e-Nabaw i today (the Mosque of the Prophet sa )

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18 The Battle of BadR T he Quraish army consisted of one thousand soldiers, including one hundred men on horseback and seven hundred camels.When the Holy Prophet sa heard the news that the army had departed from Makkah, he called the Muslims to ask for their advice.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra , along with some of the other companions, suggested that they should confront the army outside of Mad i nah.The Holy Prophet sa accepted this plan, and left Mad i nah with an army of merely three hundred and thirteen Muslims, who were equipped with only seventy camels and three horses.After travelling for seven days, they arrived at a spot near the Red Sea where there were several wells collectively known as Badr.

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56 HADRAT ABU BAKR 56 It was here that the Muslims made their stand and met the Makkan army.The Muslim army, compared with the Makkan army, had so few soldiers and such little equipment that it seemed impossible that they would be able to challenge the Makkans.While the Makkans had one thousand trained warriors, the Muslim force was mostly untrained and included both the young and the old.Seeing this situation, the Holy Prophet sa turned his face towards Qiblah.Then he stretched out his hands and started to pray to his Lord: O Allah! Accomplish for me what You have promised me.O Allah! Bring about what you have promised me.O Allah! If this small band of Muslims is destroyed, You will not be worshipped on this earth.” 18 He continued his prayer to his Lord, stretching out his hands, facing the Qiblah, until his mantle slipped down from his shoulders.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra came to him, picked up his mantle and placed it on his shoulders.Then he embraced him from behind and said, “O Prophet of Allah, this prayers of yours to your Lord will suffice you, and He will fulfill what He has promised you.” Then Allah the Almighty revealed the following verse:

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57 57 HADRAT ABU BAKR When you implored the help of your Lord, and He answered you saying: I will help you with a thousand of the angels.Coming one after another.(S u rah Al-Anf a l, 8:10) And, indeed, Allah helped him with angels.The Holy Prophet sa was still praying when Allah informed him that the Muslims would win the battle.After finishing the prayer, he turned to Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra and said, “Soon the disbelievers will be defeated and will run away from the battlefield.” On the battlefield, the companions of the Holy Prophet sa built a temporary shelter for him.19 As long as the Holy Prophet sa stayed in the shelter, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra , sword in hand, stood there to guard him.Once Hadrat ‘Al i ra was asked who was the bravest companion of the Holy Prophet sa.Hadrat ‘Al i ra responded that Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was the most courageous of them all.Hadrat ‘Al i ra then explained, “During the Battle of Badr, when we built a shelter for the Holy Prophet sa , the question arose of who would stay with him.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra volunteered and unsheathed his sword, standing guard.Therefore, he is rightfully called the most courageous.” In line with the Arab tradition, the battle began with one- on-one combat before the regular fighting broke out.Hadrat Ab u

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58 HADRAT ABU BAKR 58 Bakr ra commanded the right wing of the Muslim force.After a fierce battle seventy soldiers from among the disbelievers including several prominent men like Ab u Jahl, ‘Utbah, and Shaibah were killed, and seventy more were taken prisoner.The rest of the Makkan army fled the battlefield in humiliation.The Muslims’ dedication to their cause is apparent in the fact that the majority of the Makkan force was related to the very members of the Muslim army who were fighting them.Of the seventy disbelievers that were killed, each one had a close relative who was Muslim.This is the kind of bravery that deserves to be called true courage.The Muslims put aside their own personal feelings and were willing to be cut off from even their closest family for the sake of God.For example, the son of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra , ‘Abdur- Ra h m a n, had not yet accepted Islam.He was fighting on the side of the disbelievers in the Battle of Badr.After accepting Islam, he once said to Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra , “O Father, during the Battle of Badr, I had a chance to kill you at one point, but because you were my father I did not attack you.” Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra responded, “My son, if I had such a chance during the battle, I would never have spared you.” 20

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59 59 HADRAT ABU BAKR This incident shows that Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was willing to sacrifice even his beloved son for the sake of Allah, however, he was also a very kind hearted person as can be seen in h is treatment of prisoners of war.The Holy Prophet sa solicited advice from his companions on what to do with the prisoners of war.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra advised that since they were their brothers and family members, they should be treated kindly and released on ransom.The Holy Prophet sa accepted the suggestion of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra combined in him the utmost bravery in battle with the utmost compassion in general life.

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19 The Battle of Uhud T he Quraish were furious about their defeat in the Battle of Badr, and began to prepare for another attack on Mad i nah.A year later in the third year after Hijrah (migration) a Makkan army of three thousand people arrived at the mountain of U h ud on a Wednesday in Rama da n.The Holy Prophet sa confronted them with seven hundred Muslims and managed to stop their advance and pushed them back.Behind the Muslim force there was a mountain pass.Fifty Muslims had been stationed there to guard it, so that the Makkans could not attack the Muslims from behind.However, when news of the enemy’s retreat reached them, most of those fifty Muslims misguidedly left their positions, and

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62 HADRAT ABU BAKR 62 came out on the battlefield in the joy of their victory, leaving only a few to defend the mountain pass.When the disbelievers realized that the pass was empty and they could come up on the Muslims from behind, they attacked.This caused chaos among the Muslims, and in the confusion the attackers were able to reach the Holy Prophet sa himself.His face was wounded and he lost two of his teeth in the attack.The Holy Prophet sa fell to the ground between the bodies of two martyrs who had died in battle and lay there unconscious.The Muslims began searching for him, and eventually Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra found him.With the help of some of the other companions he lifted him up.The iron links of the Holy Prophet’s sa helmet had been embedded into his skin, so they pulled these out and wiped the blood from his face.During this time, the disbelievers made another attack, but a group of companions fought them off and pushed them back.During a pause in fighting, the Holy Prophet sa , along with some of his companions, reached the summit.At that point, the Makkan army did not know whether the Holy Prophet sa was still alive or not.Ab u Sufy a n, who at this point had not yet converted to Islam, came close to their location and called out, “Is Muhammad sa

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63 63 HADRAT ABU BAKR with you?” The Holy Prophet sa forbade them from answering because then the enemy would perhaps attack them and the Muslim army had been very weakened by this point in the battle.Then Ab u Sufy a n asked, “Is Ab u Bakr ra with you?” 21* Once again the Holy Prophet sa commanded the Muslims to stay silent.Then Ab u Sufy a n exclaimed, “They have all been killed!” At this Hadrat ‘Umar ra could no longer remain quiet, and said in a loud voice, “O enemy of God! We are all alive!” Ab u Sufy a n responded that the Makkans had taken their revenge for the defeat at Badr and shouted, “Long live Hubal! Long live L a t!” These were the names of the idols in the Ka‘bah at the time.At this insult to Allah, the Holy Prophet sa reacted and putting aside any other considerations, ordered the Muslims to respond and defend the Oneness of God.Hadrat ‘Umar ra responded, “We have Allah, Who is our Helper, but you have no Helper.” Ab u Sufy a n said, “We will meet again next year at Badr.” Hadrat ‘Umar ra responded, “Certainly.” 21** By this point, the Muslims had gathered their forces together again and were prepared to fight, but the disbelievers left to return to Makkah.Seventy Muslims were sent to follow the disbelievers’ army, including Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra.There is an interesting incident about Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra at

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64 HADRAT ABU BAKR 64 the battle of U h ud that sheds some light on his faith.Before the battle had begun, when the one-on-one challenge was taking place, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra displayed his extreme loyalty and high level of sacrifice.His son, ‘Abdur-Ra h m a n, appeared from the side of the disbelievers, and challenged any of the Muslims to duel.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra unsheathed his sword and asked the Holy Prophet sa for permission to fight, but the Holy Prophet sa did not grant it.

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A Mountain Pass

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20 The Battle of the DitCH I n the fifth year after Hijrah the Makkans joined with other tribes of Arabia, including the Ban u Gha t af a n, Ban u Asad, and Ban u Sulaim.Together they assembled a huge army consisting of approximately thirteen thousand soldiers.This army was made up of well-equipped and trained soldiers from all over Arabia and it was the largest force ever assembled in Arabia.In comparison to this force, the Muslims were very few in number.The total number of males in Mad i nah (including the old, young and children) was approximately three thousand.When news of this army reached Mad i nah the Muslims were very frightened.How could they defend their small city of

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68 HADRAT ABU BAKR 68 Mad i nah against the forces of all of Arabia? The Holy Prophet sa , acting on the advice of Hadrat Salm a n F a rs i ra , dug a tunnel around one side of Mad i nah to protect it.Everyone in Mad i nah helped to dig the tunnel to defend the city, even the children helped with this task.On the other side of Mad i nah there were hills, which provided natural protection.The final side of Mad i nah housed the fortress of the Jewish tribe, Ban u Qurai z ah.The Ban u Qurai z ah had signed a pact of peace with the Muslims in which they had promised to help the Muslims defend Mad i nah if it was attacked.The Ban u Qurai z ah was responsible for protecting all the women and children of Mad i nah.However, rather than help the Muslims they were secretly helping the Makkans during the attack on Mad i nah.If their plan had succeeded the Muslims would have suffered a terrible loss, but Allah was protecting the Muslims.The disbelievers’ army surrounded Mad i nah, and besieged it for a month.During this time, there were small skirmishes.Finally, at the end of the month Allah’s help came to the Muslims in the form of a strong windstorm.The winds were so powerful that it became difficult to even light a fire to cook food.The disbelievers’ tents were uprooted and blown away.Cooking utensils were lost in

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69 69 HADRATABU BAKR the wind, and their pack animals ran off out of fear of the storm.The disbelievers had already been frustrated from sitting for a month without fighting.This storm appeared to be a bad omen to them.Worried by this new trouble, the Quraish went back to Makkah.Once the Quraish left the rest of the tribes also returned to their homes.When the Ban u Qurai z ah saw that all the Arab tribes had abandoned the battlefield, they closed the gates to their fort and sat inside.Their scheme to crush the Muslims had utterly failed.The Holy Prophet sa sent a messenger to ask them why they had broken their word and sided against the Muslims.The Ban u Qurai z ah responded with vile words against the Holy Prophet sa and his family and they denied ever having made a pact with the Muslims.At this the Muslims attacked them and finally the Ban u Qurai z ah surrendered on the condition that the punishment for their treason not be given by the Holy Prophet sa but rather would be decided by their ally, the chief of the Aus tribe, Sa‘d bin Mu ‘a dh.This was a fatal error on their part because the punishment they received from the Holy Prophet sa would most likely have been expulsion from Mad i nah.However, the Holy Prophet sa and the Muslims accepted their condition and all parties agreed to accept the ruling of Sa‘d

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70 HADRAT ABU BAKR 70 bin Mu‘ a dh.Sa‘d decided on their punishment according to the Jewish holy book, the Torah.In the Torah it is stated that the crime of treason shall be punishable by death to the males and enslavement of the women and children.For the crimes of treason, deceit, and breaking a treaty, the Ban u Qurai z ah were punished according to Jewish law, as they had demanded.During this battle, the responsibility for guarding part of the trench was given to Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra and the troops under him.Afterward, a mosque was built on that area, which is called Masjid S idd i q (Mosque of the Truthful).

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Ban u Qurai z ah Trenches Encampment Battle of the trencH Tree Covered Areas Ban u Gha t af a n Quraish Mad i nah NORTH Fort KEY

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21 The Treaty of Hudaibiyah I n the sixth year after Hijrah, in the month of Dh u l- Qa‘dah, the Holy Prophet sa , along with fourteen hundred Muslims, set out for Makkah to perform ‘Umrah.The Holy Prophet sa had already announced that the Muslims were going to perform ‘Umrah, and that they did not want to fight the Makkans.For this reason they wore their I h r a m (special dress for performing H ajj and ‘Umrah) and had brought along with them animals to sacrifice.On the way there, the Holy Prophet sa learned that the Makkans would not allow the Muslims to perform ‘Umrah, and that if they tried to do so, the Makkans would fight them.Hearing this, the Holy Prophet sa stopped at H udaibiyah.Several

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74 HADRAT ABU BAKR 74 ambassadors from the Quraish arrived there to discuss the situation with the Muslims.Finally, the Quraish sent ‘Urwah bin Mas‘ u d.‘Urwah said that the Makkans were ready to fight and that they would not give the Muslims the chance to perform ‘Umrah under any circumstances.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was standing nearby, and hearing ‘Urwah, he could not stay silent.He said, “Fine.If people who worship idols such as L a t and ‘Uzz a are ready to fight, do you think that we will not stand by the Holy Prophet sa ? ‘Urwah became angry and said, “I have received many favours from Ab u Bakr, if it was not for the fact that I still remember them, I would respond to this.” 22 During this time, the Holy Prophet sa had sent Hadrat ‘Uthm a n ra to Makkah as his ambassador.He met with Ab u Sufy a n and the other chiefs.Because he was detained, a rumour spread among the Muslims that the Quraish had killed him.The Holy Prophet sa took Bai‘at (oath of allegiance) from all the Muslims and promised that he would avenge the killing of Hadrat ‘Uthm a n.This bai‘at is called Bai‘atur-Ri d w a n (The Oath Pleasing to God).Later, it was discovered that the rumor was false, and that Hadrat ‘Uthm a n ra was alive.Finally, Suhail came as an ambassador from the Quraish.After some negotiation, a treaty was reached.At

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75 75 HADRAT ABU BAKR first it seemed as if the terms of the treaty were unfavourable to the Muslims, however, in reality these conditions worked to their advantage and to the disadvantage of the disbelievers.Some companions of the Holy Prophet sa could not understand this point and became angry.They went to Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra , saying, “This treaty should not be signed.It dishonours us.” Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra tried to make them understand that whatever the Holy Prophet sa had said was correct, but they were still unsatisfied.They went to the Holy Prophet sa themselves and said, “Are you not God’s true Messenger? Are we not the truthful? Then why should we tolerate this disgraceful treatment?” The Holy Prophet sa explained, “I am doing what Allah has commanded me to do.” Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra also tried to calm them, saying, “The Holy Prophet sa acts according to God’s commands, and whatever he does, it is for our benefit.” 23 Eventually, the treaty was finalised.The text of the agreement was written by Hadrat ‘Al i ra.The Holy Prophet sa , Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra , Hadrat ‘Umar ra , and a few other companions signed it.

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22 The Battle of Khaibar A fter returning from H udaibiyah, the Holy Prophet sa stayed in Mad i nah for only a month.In the month of Mu h arram during the seventh year after Hijrah, the Holy Prophet sa led an army to Khaibar.There were Jewish tribes settled in Khaibar.Because of the defeat of the Jewish tribes after the Battle of Ditch, the Jews of Khaibar were very angry, and secretly tried to create problems among the Muslims.In Khaibar, the Jewish tribes had many forts and they fought while safely sheltered in them.Therefore the fight lasted a long time.Finally, in the seventh year after Hijrah, Khaibar was defeated.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was with the Holy Prophet sa during this battle.

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78 HADRAT ABU BAKR 78 That same year, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra took a small force to the Ban i Kil a b, who were enemies of the Muslims, and returned successfully from there.He also took a contingent to the Ban u Faz a rah.

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23 The Conquest of Makkah T he Treaty of H udaibiyah had allowed the tribes of Arabia to form allainces.These alliances were meant to provide mutual support and protection.Both the Muslims and the Quraish of Makkah formed such alliances.The Khuz a ‘ah tribe was allied with the Muslims.In the eighth year after Hijrah, during the month of Rama d an the Ban u Bakr attacked this tribe.The Ban u Bakr tribe was allied with the Quraish, so the Quraish helped them and took part in the fighting against the Khuz a ‘ah.The Khuz a ‘ah called on their Muslim allies for help.In accordance with their treaty, the Holy Prophet sa left Mad i nah on the tenth of Rama da n with ten thousand Muslims and marched toward Makkah.When

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80 HADRAT ABU BAKR 80 the Muslims reached Makkah, the Quraish surrendered, and in this way, Makkah was defeated without any fighting.The Holy Prophet sa forgave all those, who had persecuted, tortured, and abused him and his companions for thirteen years.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra accompanied the Holy Prophet sa on this expedition.His father, Ab u Qu ha fah became a Muslim on this occasion.When Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra brought his father out to meet the Holy Prophet sa , the Holy Prophet sa asked why Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra had given his father so much trouble as he would have gone to meet him wherever he was.

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24 The Battle of Hunain A fter the victory of Makkah the Quraish had become Muslims, but the other Arab tribes were still disbelievers.The tribes Haw a zin, Thaq i f and some others set out with a very large force to attack the Muslims.The Holy Prophet sa set forth from Makkah to fight them.With him were ten thousand men who had come from Mad i nah, along with two thousand Makkans.The fighting took place in the valley of H unain.The disbelievers’ attack was so forceful that in the beginning the Muslims panicked, and on the battlefield there were only the Holy Prophet sa and a few companions left, including Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra , Hadrat ‘Umar ra , Hadrat ‘Al i ra , Hadrat ‘Abb a s ra , Hadrat ‘Al i bin ‘Abb a s ra , Hadrat Us a mah bin

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82 HADRATABU BAKR 82 Zaid ra , and Hadrat Aiman ra.At the call of Hadrat ‘Abb a s ra , the Muslims gathered together and launched a tremendous counter- attack on the disbelievers which caused them to run away.

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25 The Battle of Tabuk A t the beginning of this book, you read that during one battle, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra gave all his money to the cause of Islam.This incident took place during the Battle of Tab u k.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra accompanied the Holy Prophet sa during this battle.When the Holy Prophet sa asked for donations for this battle, Hadrat ‘Umar ra had a lot of money at the time.Hadrat ‘Umar ra relates that he thought, “This time, I will certainly come out ahead in donations compared to Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra.” He brought half of all his worldly possessions and offered them to the Holy Prophet sa.He relates, “I was sitting there very satisfied, when Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra came and

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84 HADRAT ABU BAKR 84 presented all of his wealth to the Holy Prophet sa.24 That is the day that I realised I could never surpass Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra.”

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26 Farewell Pilgrimage of the Holy Prophet sa I n the ninth year after Hijrah many Muslims went to Makkah to perform the H ajj.The Holy Prophet sa did not go for H ajj that year, and he appointed Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra the Am i r, or leader, of those going for H ajj.In the tenth year after Hijrah, the Holy Prophet sa performed the H ajj.This was his last H ajj.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was with him.Returning from H ajj, he became ill.He was still sick when one day he went to the mosque, and delivered his address from the podium.He declared, “God has asked one of His men to choose between the world and God, and the person chose the companionship of God.” 25 The rest of the people listened quietly, not understanding that the Holy Prophet sa was speaking

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88 HADRAT ABU BAKR 88 about himself and that he was revealing that he would pass away soon, but Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra understood and started to cry.The Holy Prophet sa consoled Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra , and then said, “Close all the other people’s doors to the mosque, but leave the door open for Ab u Bakr ra.” On another occasion, he said, “There is nobody who I am more indebted to than Ab u Bakr ra.” 26 When the Holy Prophet sa became seriously ill, he ordered, “Tell Ab u Bakr ra to lead the people in prayer.” So until the Holy Prophet sa died, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra would lead the prayers.One day Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was leading the prayer when the Holy Prophet sa left his room and came to the mosque.When Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra realised that the Holy Prophet sa had entered the mosque, he began to step aside to allow him to lead.The Holy Prophet sa , put his hand on Hadrat Ab u Bakr’s ra back and said, “No, continue leading the prayer.” Saying this he seated himself on the right side of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra and performed his prayer.27 Upon returning from the mosque, the Holy Prophet sa lay down.For some time he felt better.He got a misw a k (branch of a tree specially used for cleaning teeth) from Hadrat ‘ A ’ishah ra to brush his teeth and while saying,

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89 89 Raf i qul-A‘l a , Raf i qul-A‘l a With the Companion, the Most High passed away.To Allah we belong and to Allah we return.This was the twelfth day of Rab i ‘ul-Awwal and a Monday.

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27 The Muslims Grieve T he Muslims loved the Holy Prophet sa very much and so they were very sad at his death, just like children are at the death of a beloved father.The Muslims could not believe what had happened to them.Many of them were not ready to believe that the Holy Prophet sa had died.Hadrat ‘Umar ra was a great man, but even he, at this time, took out his sword and started to say, “If anyone says that the Holy Prophet sa has died, I will kill him!” 28 Everyone was overcome with grief and nobody knew what to do.At the time of the Holy Prophet sa ’s death, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was at his house in Sakh.As soon as he heard the news, he got on his horse and went to the house of the Holy Prophet sa.He saw the

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92 HADRAT ABU BAKR 92 people gathered around Masjid-e-Nabaw i and saw Hadrat ‘Umar ra standing there with his sword in his hand.Without paying attention to anything else, he got off his horse and went straight to Hadrat ‘ A ’ishah’s ra room.Lifting the cloth that was covering the face of the Holy Prophet sa he kissed his forehead and said, “How wholesome you are, whether alive or dead!” Tears began to stream from his eyes, and he said, “What would I not have sacrificed for you! I swear by Allah, death will not come upon you twice.” He then went to Masjid-e- Nabaw i , where Hadrat ‘Umar ra , overcome by emotion, was saying, “Those who say that the Holy Prophet sa has died are hypocrites.He has not died, but has only gone to Allah for a few days, and then he will return.” Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra realised that Hadrat ‘Umar ra was saying this because he had been totally overpowered by grief.He said, “‘Umar, compose yourself ! Be quiet!” But Hadrat ‘Umar ra was not ready to listen to anyone, and kept talking.At last Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra had to speak up, and said, “O People, listen! Whoever worshipped Muhammad sa should know that Muhammad sa has died.But, whoever worshipped Allah, should know that God is alive and He will never die.”

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93 93 HADRAT ABU BAKR Muhammad sa is only a Messenger, and all Messengers who came before him have passed away.So, if he dies or is killed, will you turn away from Islam? He who turns away will not harm Allah at all.And Allah will certainly reward the grateful.Hearing the words of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra and this verse, people came back to their senses.Hadrat ‘Umar ra said, “It felt as though this verse had been revealed just now.I understood that the Holy Prophet sa had really passed away, and it felt to me as though my feet were broken.I did not have the strength even to stand, and I fell to the ground.” 29 He then recited from the Qur’ a n, (S u rah A l-e- ‘Imr a n, 3:145) :

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28 The First KhalifaH of Islam P eople were still gathered in Masjid-e-Nabaw i when someone came and told them that the An sa r had gathered in the courtyard of Ban u S a ‘idah to consult with one another on how to choose a successor to the Holy Prophet sa.As soon as they heard this, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra and Hadrat ‘Umar ra headed over there.On the way, they met with Hadrat Ab u ‘Ubaidah ra and the three of them arrived where the An sa r were.The An sa r thought that the successor of the Holy Prophet sa should be one of them.However, many Arabs who had become Muslim in the last days of the life of the Holy Prophet sa did not fully understand all the teachings of Islam, nor did they understand

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96 HADRAT ABU BAKR 96 the importance of Khilafat.It was also feared that people would not accept one of the An sa r as their leader.One of the An sa r suggested that two Khulaf a ’ be selected, one from the An sa r and one from the Muh a jir i n.If this suggestion had been adopted, the Muslims would not have remained one nation, but rather would have become two nations and would have become enemies of one another.So this suggestion was not accepted.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra explained to the An sa r, “Look, the Muh a jir i n are those who accepted the Holy Prophet sa when everyone else opposed him.They believed in him and his message even though they had to suffer through many trials.In spite of the fact that they were very few in number and they had many enemies, they stood by the Holy Prophet sa.So the Khalifah should be one of them.” Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra also said,“O An sa r! Nobody can deny your high rank and service to Islam.Allah chose you for the service of His religion and for His Messenger, and He sent His Messenger to be near you after migration.Your station is very exalted.But the leader should be from the Muh a jir i n, who will not act without listening to your advice.” And then, gesturing to Hadrat ‘Umar ra and Hadrat Ab u ‘Ubaidah ra , he said, “Choose from either one of them.”

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97 97 HADRAT ABU BAKR After his speech, the An sa r understood the situation completely.Since the Muh a jir i n were from among the Quraish, and since all the other Arab tribes already accepted the Quraish as their leaders, there was no fear that some tribe or other would not accept the Khalifah.Therefore, all of the An sa r agreed to choose a Khalifah from among the Muh a jir i n.When Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra presented the names of Hadrat ‘Umar ra and Hadrat Ab u ‘Ubaidah ra for the Khilafat, both of them said, “Ab u Bakr! You are the most respected among the Muh a jir i n.In the cave, you were the Second of the Two, and you led the prayer in the place of the Holy Prophet sa.So place your hand in front of us, and we will pledge our oath of allegiance to you.” 30 When they heard this, all the others came forward to pledge their oath.Hadrat Bash i r bin Sa‘d ra , an An sa r i , was the first to offer the Bai‘at (oath of allegiance), followed by Hadrat ‘Umar ra and Hadrat Ab u ‘Ubaidah ra and then the rest of the An sa r.After choosing Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra as their Khalifah, the Muslims felt relieved.However, they had yet to bury the Holy Prophet sa.It was decided that the Holy Prophet sa should be buried in the room of Hadrat ‘ A ’ishah ra , where he had passed away.A grave was dug and the Holy Prophet sa was buried there.The death

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98 HADRAT ABU BAKR 98 of the Holy Prophet sa was such a huge tragedy that all the Muslims were stunned and heartbroken.In Mad i nah, grown adults cried like children, and nobody knew what to do.At this time, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra had to remain in control of his own grief, as well as console the rest of the Muslims.His ability to keep the Muslims united at this dangerous time shows his wisdom, determination, and leadership.Of all the Muslims, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra had the closest relationship with the Holy Prophet sa and felt the most pain at his passing away.Even though he was full of intense grief, he managed to remain calm during this time.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra not only comforted the Muslims, but he also guided the Muslims during this difficult time.The day following the passing away of the Holy Prophet sa , people gathered at Masjid-e-Nabaw i.Those who had been unable to take the oath of allegiance to Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra earlier did it then.Afterwards, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra gave a speech, “O People! I have never wanted to be the leader, and I have never prayed to God for this purpose.Indeed, becoming Khalifah has brought me no joy whatsoever; rather, it seems like a burden that I do not have the strength to carry.Indeed, this burden cannot be carried without Allah’s help.Although, I have been made your Khalifah I am not

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99 99 HADRAT ABU BAKR better than any of you.Help me in everything good that I do.If I start to do the wrong thing, tell me.To tell the truth is to fulfill a trust, to lie is to betray a trust.In my view, the strongest of you is he who is the weakest, to the point that I will get his rights returned to him, and I consider the weakest among you to be the strongest, because I will have them return the rights of others.” 31 After he became Khalifah, he was known as Kha li ftur-Ra su l (Successor of the Messenger sa ).

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29 A Mountain of Troubles A s soon as Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra became Khalifah, he had to face a mountain of problems and danger.On the one side, there were false claimants to prophethood who had raised the flag of rebellion.And on the other side, there were those who had left Islam and declared rebellion against the Khalifah.The issue of those who refused to pay the Zak a t (required donations fixed in Islam as a part of faith) was another difficulty.Along with all these problems the departure of the expedition of Hadrat Us a mah bin Zaid ra was also a cause of concern.The Holy Prophet sa had ordered this expedition before passing away, however, it had not yet left Mad i nah.In short, there were storms brewing from all directions and they were

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102 102 HADRAT ABU BAKR pushing the boat of Islam toward a dangerous whirlpool.Hadrat ‘ A ’ishah ra his daughter, beautifully described the troubles that befell her father, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra.Hadrat ‘ A ’ishah ra wrote: “If the mountains had to suffer the difficulties that my father faced as soon as he became the Khalifah, they would immediately have fallen to pieces.” 32 Allah the Almighty helped Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra during this difficult period.It is the way of Allah that He provides help and support when His people and His Khulaf a ’ are in need.Through Hadrat Ab u Bakr’s ra own hands, Allah changed the state of fear into one of peace, and the clouds of danger were removed.Soon Islam started to flourish once again.Let us now look at the important achievements that took place during the era of the Khilafat of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra.

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30 The Expedition to Syria T he first important matter that Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra needed to attend to was the departure of an army.The Holy Prophet sa had ordered a force to go to Syria.This force was about to depart for Syria during the life of the Holy Prophet sa.However, it was still in Mad i nah when the Holy Prophet sa passed away, and its departure had been postponed.Now, events had suddenly changed; thousands of people had left Islam and become rebels.There was a danger that these rebellious groups would attack Mad i nah.During this risky time, the respected companions ra of the Holy Prophet sa suggested that the departure of the army should be delayed and the rebels should

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104 HADRAT ABU BAKR 104 be dealt with first.But Hadrat Ab u Bakr Sidd i q ra , who was now the Khal i fatur-Ras u l, did not like this suggestion.This was because the Holy Prophet sa had given the command for this army to depart before he passed away.Even though the situation had changed Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra refused to change an order given by Holy Prophet sa.His love for the Holy Prophet sa made him declare with great courage and passion, “I swear by Allah, if there are no men left in Mad i nah and starving beasts come to drag my body away, even then I cannot stop this expedition and I will order it to go.” 33 Therefore, in spite of this difficult time, he ordered Hadrat Us a mah bin Zaid ra , the commander of the force, to depart with the army.It so happened that while Hadrat Us a mah ra was on his horse, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was walking next to the horse giving him last minute instructions.At this, Hadrat Us a mah ra said, “O Khalifah of the Prophet! Come mount the horse or I will also come down.” Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra responded, “There is no harm if my feet get dusty for Allah’s sake.” 34 Hadrat Us a mah’s ra force set out for Syria and returned to Mad i nah forty days later, having successfully completed everything they had intended to do.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra along with the other companions ra , welcomed the force upon its return to Mad i nah.

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31 Rebellion D uring the time of the Holy Prophet sa , there were some people who wished to rule over the Muslims.They thought that by claiming prophethood it might be easy to attract people to their side.These included Musailimah Kadhdh a b and Aswad ‘Ans i.After the death of the Holy Prophet sa , the number and power of these people started to grow.They started to set up their independent systems and challenged the rightly guided Kha li fah.They raised the flag of rebellion and became a danger to the Muslims.In this situation, it was necessary to defeat the rebellious forces that were acting against the government.In order to defeat the rebellion of these groups, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra organised a force under the leadership

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106 HADRAT ABU BAKR 106 of Hadrat Kh a lid bin Wal i d ra.Assisting him were Hadrat Th a bit bin Qais ra and Sharj i l bin H asanah ra , who fought Musailimah Kadhdh a b, Aswad ‘Ans i , Saj ah bint Ha rith, ‘Ainiyah bin H u s n and their forces at various points.Finally, they defeated them so completely that Musailimah and Aswad ‘Ans i were killed; ‘Ainiyah bin H u s n reconverted to accepting Islam, and Saj ah bint-e- Ha rith ran away.Encouraged by the false pretenders to prophethood, there was a very large group of people who became traitors and were thinking of attacking the capital of Islam.Then there were some who said that they were Muslim, but they refused to pay Zak a t.This was a rebellion against the government.One of the greatest accomplishments of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was that he successfully faced all of the challengers that tried to weaken the system of Khilafat.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra took decisive action against the rebellious people.As a result of these great and punishing measures by Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra this evil was put to an end.Afterwards, many of the companions ra had to admit that this decision of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra to confront all the challenges head- on had been full of insight and wisdom.

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32 Collection of the Qur’an I t has already been mentioned that Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra sent out forces under the command of Hadrat Kh a lid bin Wal i d ra to fight off the rebels against Islam.The Muslims fought these rebellious groups at various places, and many H uff az -e-Qur’ a n (people who have memorised the entire Qur’ a n) were martyred.During the Battle of Yam a mah, so many companions ra were martyred that Hadrat ‘Umar ra became worried that a large part of the Qur’ a n would be lost.So he said to Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra , “O Khalifah of the Messenger! The Qur’ a n should be collected, in its proper order, in one place.” In the beginning, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was not prepared to do this, saying, “How

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108 HADRAT ABU BAKR 108 could I do that which the Holy Prophet sa had never done?” However, when Allah pointed him toward this, he ordered Hadrat Zaid bin Th a bit ra to collect the Holy Qur’ a n in one place.Hadrat Zaid ra completed this task.35 Here it would be right to explain that this does not mean that the Qur’an had not been written down or had not been put in its present order.The Holy Qur’an was written down as it was revealed and the Holy Prophet sa himself supervised the writing.So, including Hadrat Zaid bin Th a bit ra there were forty companions ra who were noted historically as K a tib i n-e-W ahi (Scribes of Revelation) and the companions would recite it in the same order that we have the Holy Qur’ a n in today.The Holy Prophet sa himself would give instructions about the order of the verses in the chapters.So the Qur’ a n had been written down before, and the order of the chapters and verses had been completed under the guidance of the Holy Prophet sa.However, it was written in different forms.Some parts were written on bones, some on the bark of date trees and some were written on leaves.One of the greatest accomplishments of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was that he collected these various parts in one place.After the Khilafat of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra this task of assembling the Holy Qur’an was

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109 109 HADRAT ABU BAKR left to Hadrat ‘Umar ra.After Hadrat ‘Umar ra it was handed over to Hadrat H a fs ah ra for safekeeping.Finally, Hadrat ‘Uthm a n ra made copies of this compilation and distributed them to various areas during his Khilafat.

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33 DEATH Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra had been Khalifah for two and a quarter years when his last days arrived.Hadrat ‘ A ’ishah ra says that one day when it was extremely cold, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra took a bath, and after the bath he came down with a fever which lasted continuously for fifteen days.During his illness, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra delegated his duties to Hadrat ‘Umar ra.When he realised that his illness might be very serious, he selected Hadrat ‘Umar ra as his successor, after consulting with the companions ra.He announced it himself at a public gathering, “I have not appointed a relative or brother as Khalifah.In fact, I have chosen the one who is best among you.” Everyone in attendance accepted this excellent choice and said

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112 HADRAT ABU BAKR 112 ‘We hear and we obey.’ Afterwards, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra gave Hadrat ‘Umar ra some advice.36 He also advised Hadrat ‘ A ’ishah ra on some of his personal and family affairs.Then, regarding his funeral arrangements, he said, “Just wash the clothes that I am wearing right now, and then bury me in them.” Hadrat ‘ A ’ishah ra responded by saying that the clothes were old.At this Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra said, “O my dear Daughter! The people who are alive are more deserving of new clothes than the dead.” After that, he asked, “What day is it?” Someone answered that it was Monday.Then he asked, “When did the Holy Prophet sa pass away?” He was told that it had been a Monday.On hearing this he said, “I hope to leave this temporary world tonight.” His wish was fulfilled and his eagerness to be with the Holy Prophet sa was also accepted by God.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra passed away at the age of sixty-three in the thirteenth year after Hijrah at the end of Jam a di’ul-Awwal.Hadrat ‘Umar ra led his funeral prayers, and he was buried next to the Holy Prophet sa.37

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34 Glimpses of a Blessed Life Love of the Holy Prophet sa The Holy Prophet sa said, “Any declaration of faith is useless until I am dearer and more beloved to someone than his parents, his children, and all other people.” 38 Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra loved the Holy Prophet sa most after Allah.The Promised Messiah as said, “ Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was entirely consumed in his love for the Holy Prophet sa.39 And it was this status of his love that is called S i rat-e- S idd i q i , which means such total devotion to the Holy Prophet sa as was shown by Hadrat Ab u Bakr Sidd i q ra.And so, the

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114 HADRAT ABU BAKR 114 ultimate level of love of the Holy Prophet sa is the level of Sidd i qiyyat.” Once it so happened that his daughter, Hadrat ‘ A ’ishah ra , was falsely accused by the hypocrites.This caused her deep pain and she cried day and night.She was unable to stop her tears or sleep, but Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra did not say anything against the Holy Prophet sa.In fact, when Hadrat ‘ A ’ishah ra was given permission by the Holy Prophet sa to go to her father’s house, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra sent her back to the house of the Holy Prophet sa.His love and devotion was a model for all to follow.When Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra went to Makkah for ‘Umrah, as the leader of the pilgrims, the companions addressed Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra as the representative of the Prophet of God he began to cry at hearing the name of the Holy Prophet sa and his tears fell without stopping.After the death of the Holy Prophet sa , Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra once said to Hadrat ‘Umar ra , “‘Umar, let’s go to Ummi Aiman’s house because the Holy Prophet sa used to go there often.” When they got there, the three of them started to cry, remembering the Holy Prophet sa , and continued to cry for a good while.A biographer writes that it was grief for the Holy Prophet sa that led to his death.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra himself describes his grief over the death of the Holy Prophet sa and his pain at separation from him,

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115 115 HADRATABU BAKR “After being parted from the beloved, what pleasure is left in life? If only we had all died and could be with our master.Oh, ‘At i q, your beloved is in his grave and you are alone, sighing in grief.If only I had died before and could be under the ground in my grave.If only the world had ended after your death and we could not see our wealth or our children again.Whenever I think that I will not see you again, I grieve.” 40 All Virtues were Gathered in Him Hadrat Ab u Bakr Sidd i q ra possessed every aspect of virtue.Whether it was offering prayers or spending in the way of Allah; service to others or sympathy for humanity; bravery or kindness; his personality was like a garden full of colorful flowers.Hadrat Ab u Hurairah ra says that once the Holy Prophet sa asked whether anyone was fasting that day.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra said, “O Prophet of God sa , I am!” Then the Holy Prophet sa asked, “Has anyone spent money for Allah’s sake today?” Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra responded, “I have.” Then the Holy Prophet sa asked, “Has anyone attended a funeral today?” Again, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra said that he had had done so.Then the Holy Prophet sa asked, “Has anyone given food to a poor person today?” And Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra responded,

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116 HADRAT ABU BAKR 116 saying, “I have had the chance to do so.” At this, the Holy Prophet sa said, “Whoever has performed all of these good deeds will certainly go to heaven.” 41 In another h ad i th (saying of the Holy Prophet sa ), Hadrat Ab u Hurairah ra relates that the Holy Prophet sa said, “There are various doors in heaven.Whoever spends for Allah’s sake will be called through the door of wealth.Whoever is regular in his prayers will be called through the door of prayer.Whoever strives in the cause of Allah will be called through the door of jih a d (striving or making great effort) And whoever is regular in fasting will be called through the relevant door.When he heard this, Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra asked, “Oh Prophet of God sa ! Will anyone be called through all of these doors?” The Holy Prophet sa replied, “Yes, and I trust that you will be among those who are called through all of these doors.” 42 Courage The Promised Messiah as has said that Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was the bravest companion.The Holy Prophet sa said, “If I appoint Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra as your chief, you will find him strong in fulfilling Allah’s commands although his body is weak.” Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra fought in all the battles alongside

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117 117 HADRATABU BAKR the Holy Prophet sa and stayed close by him, which in itself is a testament to his bravery.The examples already given in the Battle of Badr and Battle of U h ud stand out as evidence of his courage.Humility One day Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra saw a bird eating on a tree and dropping some of the fruit on to the ground.He said, “Congratulations, bird, on eating fruit and sitting on trees.I wish I was a piece of fruit and that a bird would come and eat me.O, bird, I swear that I wish I was a tree on the side of the road, and a camel would pass by and eat me.” He had a ring made and engraved on it, “A poor servant of the Great and Exalted God”.And in his very first speech as Kha li fah he also demonstrated his immense humility, “O People! Although, I have been made your Khalifah I am not better than any of you.Help me in everything good that I do.If I start to do the wrong thing, tell me.” Service to others Along with his deep love for Allah and His Messenger sa , Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra also was very compassionate towards others.

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118 HADRAT ABU BAKR 118 Hadrat ‘Umar ra relates, “I used to help an elderly blind lady in Mad i nah and used to bring water for her.But when I would go to her to do this, some other person had come and done it already.One day, I kept watch and I saw that it was Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra who brought the water, even though he was the Khalifah and I said, “It was Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra who came every day and exceeded me in good works!” There was an orphan girl who lived next door to him.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra used to milk her goats for her.When Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra became the Khalifah, the girl asked, “Who will milk my goats now?” He replied, “I will milk them.I wish to continue to do whatever service I did before.” And so he continued to milk the goats.There is mention of an elderly woman in history whom Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra used to visit every day.When Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra failed to show up one day, she was convinced that he had passed away.Referring to this extraordinary example of service to others, the Promised Messiah as says, “The day that Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra passed away, this woman began to say that Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra had died.People asked her how she knew, and she responded by saying, ‘He used to bring me h alwa (sweet dish)

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119 119 HADRATABU BAKR every day, and he never broke a promise.Since he did not come today and bring me h alwa, it’s clear that he must have died, otherwise he would have come.” 43 The Promised Messiah as says, “ Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra put on the garment of poverty and humility.He had a deep love for his master, Muhammad Mu st af a sa and his soul was in complete unison with the soul of the Holy Prophet sa.” ‘All a mah Dimyar i writes about Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra , “ Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was a great man.He was regular in prayer, humble, a leader, gentle and kind, dignified, brave, patient, and generous.Among all the companions of the Holy Prophet sa he had no equal.” 44

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121 GLoSSARY Allah — Allah is the personal name of God in Islam.To show proper reverence to Him, Muslims often add Ta‘ a l a , ‘the Most High’, when saying His Holy name.An sa r — the Helpers; term used for the Muslims from Mad i nah who helped the Holy Prophet sa and the Makkan Muslims after migration.Awwalul-Mu’min i n —First of the Believers.Title bestowed on those who were first to accept Islam.H ad i th — A saying of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa.The plural is a h ad i th.Hadrat — A term of respect used for a person of established righteousness and piety.

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Masjid-e-Nabaw i — The famous mosque built by the Holy Prophet sa when he migrated to Mad i nah, and literally means ‘The Prophet’s Mosque’.Muh a jir i n — The Makkan emigrants who migrated to Mad i nah after suffering years of abuse in Makkah.Quraish — the most highly respected tribe in Arabia.S ah a b i ra —the companions of the Holy Prophet sa.Sal a m — Islamic greeting of ‘Peace’.S al a t —Formal Islamic prayer offered according to a prescribed procedure.T aw a f —The performance of circuits around the Ka‘bah as a form of worship.Thaur — Cave in which the Holy Prophet sa and Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra took shelter during the migration to Mad i nah.

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Ummah a tul-Mu’min i n ra —Mothers of all Believers.Title given to all the wives of the Holy Prophet sa.This title is based on the words of Allah the Almighty Who refers to them as ‘Mothers’ in the Holy Qur a n.(Singular is Ummul-Mu’min i n - Mother of the Believers) Yathrib — Ancient name for city of Mad i nah.Zak a t — Required donations fixed in Islam as a part of faith.

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125 PUBLISHERS’ NoTE The following abbreviations have been used.Readers are urged to recite the full salutations when reading the book: sa s allall a hu ‘alaihi wa sallam , meaning ‘may peace and bless- ings of Allah be upon him,’ is written after the name of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa.as ‘alaihis-sal a m , meaning ‘may peace be on him,’ is written after the name of Prophets other than the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa.ra ra d iyall a hu ‘anhu/‘anh a /‘anhum , meaning ‘may Allah be pleased with him/her/them,’ is written after the names of the Companions of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa or of the Promised Messiah as.In transliterating Arabic words we have adopted the following system established by the Royal Asiatic Society.ا at the beginning of a word, pronounced as a , i , u preceded by a very slight aspiration, like h in the English word honour.ث th , pronounced like th in the English word thing.

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126 ح h , a guttural aspirate, stronger than h.خ kh , pronounced like the Scotch ch in loch.ذ dh , pronounced like the English th in that.ص s , strongly articulated s.ض d , similar to the English th in this.ط t , strongly articulated palatal t.ظ z , strongly articulated z.ع ‘ , a strong guttural, the pronunciation of which must be learnt by the ear.غ gh , a sound approached very nearly in the r grasseye in French, and in the German r.It requires the muscles of the throat to be in the ‘gargling’ position whilst pronouncing it.ق q , a deep guttural k sound.ء ’ , a sort of catch in the voice.Short vowels are represented by: a for (like u in bud ) i for (like i in bid ) u for (like oo in wood ) Long vowels by: a for or آ (like a in father ); i for ی or (like ee in deep );

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127 u for و (like oo in root );Other: ai for ی (like i in site ); au for و (resembling ou in sound ) The consonants not included in the above list have the same pho- netic value as in the principal languages of Europe.While the Arabic ن is represented by n , we have indicated the Urdu ں as n.Curved commas are used in the system of transliteration, ‘ for ع , ’ for ء.We have not transliterated Arabic words which have become part of English language.The Royal Asiatic Society rules of transliteration for names of persons, places and other terms, could not be followed throughout the book as many of the names contain non-Arabic characters and carry a local transliteration and pronunciation style which in itself is also not consistent either.The Publisher

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Hadrat Abu BakR SIDDIQ ra (May Allah be pleased with him) STUDY GUIDE AND WORKBOOK

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FILL IN THE BLANKS! Fill in the sentences below to find out about Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra 1.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was the first_______________________ man to believe in the mission of the Prophet Muhammad sa.2.This is why he is known as __________________________, the First of the Believers.3.He was also the first successor or _______________________ to the Holy Prophet sa 4.He belonged to the tribe of ___________________________.5.His mother was ___________________________________.6.His father was _____________________________________.7.At birth he was named _____________________ which means Servant of the Ka‘bah.8.After accepting Islam the Holy Prophet sa changed his name to _______________________________which means Servant of Allah.9.Due to his handsome features people would call him ______________________________ which means Noble.

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10.He is most commonly known as Had rat Ab u Bakr ra _______________ a due to his truthfulness.11.Before accepting Islam he would often go to Syria and Yemen on business as he was a __________________________.12.He was very famous inside and outside Makkah and was respected for his honesty, excellent manners, _______________________ and good advise.13.For this very reason he often acted as a _________________ when disputes or fights broke out amongst the tribes of the Quraish.14.He knew the __________________________ of the Quraish and its tribes better than anyone else of that time.FREE KHAL I FAH UMMUL-KHAIR SALM A ‘ABDUL-K A ‘BAH S IDD I Q UTHM A N AB U QUH A FAH AWWALUL-MU’MIN I N BAN U TAM I M ABDULL A H WISDOM JUDGE MERCHANT GENEALOGY ‘A T I Q

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LIFE of HADRAT ABU BAKR ra Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra is very highly regarded in the Muslim world as having an exceptional character.Write an example from the life of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra , for each of the following characteristics: Virtues __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Courage __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Love for the Holy Prophet sa __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Humility __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

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Service to others __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Do you think that having these qualities are necessary to be a good Muslim? Why / why not? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Choose two more qualities of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra which you believe to be important and explain why they are so.1._________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 2._________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

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ACRoSTIC PoEM! What is an Acrostic poem? You have to use the letters of a particular word for the first letter of each line of the poem.Here is an example using the word ALLAH.A llah is One L ife He has given L oves us all A lone does He rule H e is the Master Use the information from the book to write an acrostic poem about Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra.Try to focus on his qualities and characteristics.A_____________________________________ B_____________________________________ U _____________________________________ B_____________________________________ A_____________________________________ K_____________________________________ R_____________________________________

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Match the response of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra to the incidents mentioned on the back of this page.Write the correct letter in the space provided.1.When the Holy Prophet sa declared that he was a prophet.Without any hesitation, he responded ___ 2.The father of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra told him to free strong slaves rather than the weak ones.He responded___ 3.On one occasion Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra gave all of his possessions to the Holy Prophet sa.He was asked about what he had left for his wife and children.He responded ___ 4.When he was beaten outside the Ka‘bah for trying to protect the Holy Prophet sa.He responded ___ 5.Ibni Daghnah asked Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra why he was leaving Makkah.He responded ___ 6.The son of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra , Abdur-Ra h m a n, told him, “O Father, during the Battle of Badr, I had a chance to kill you at one point, but because you were my father I did not attack you.” As Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra had been fighting for the cause of Islam and not for any personal goal, he responded __ MATCH THE LETTERS!

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a.“I have left for them Allah and His Messenger.” b.“Oh my Honourable and Formidable Lord, You are full of blessings.” c.“No, I spend my money for Allah’s sake.I do not want any worldly or selfish motives mixed up with this good deed of mine.” d.“My son, if I had had such a chance, I would never have let you go.” e.“My people have turned me out.For this reason, I have decided to travel throughout the land of Allah freely, and worship my Lord.” f.“Then I bear witness that you are a Messenger from God.” Choose two statements from above and explain the background of the incident and how it shows the nature and character of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra.1.________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 2._ _______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

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further study 1.Make a family tree for Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra including his parents, wives and children.2.In many Arabic names the words ‘Ab u ’ and ‘bin’ are used.Find out what they mean.What other common words are used before or in the middle of Arabic names? 3.Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra was a great genealogist.Research and find out about his tribe, the Ban u Tam i m, and that of the Holy Prophet sa , Ban u H a shim.4.Make a poster highlighting the important characteristics and qualities that a Muslim should have.5.There are many other instances and examples of the life of Hadrat Ab u Bakr ra and his relationship with Allah and the Holy Prophet sa.Try to find out about some of these and make a small booklet about them.

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141 References 1.Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, p.37, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore 2.A t-T abaq a tul-Kubr a , Ibni Sa‘d, part 3, p.90, Wa Mim-Ban i Tam i mibni Murratabni Ka‘bin…, D a rul-I h y a ’it-Tur a thil- ‘Arab i , Beirut, Lebenon, 1996 3.As-S i ratun-Nabawiyyah, Ibni Hish a m, p.189, Isl a mu Ab i Bakrini s - S idd i q ra wa Sha’nuh u , D a rul-Kutubil-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2001 4.Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, p.21, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore 5.* Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, p.22, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore ** As-S i ratun-Nabawiyyah, Ibni Hish a m, p.191, Dhikru mann Aslama mina s-S a ha bati bi-Da‘wati Ab i Bakrin ra , D a rul-Kutubil-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2001 6.Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, p.23, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore 7.Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, p.24, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore 8.S a hih ul-Bukh a r i , Kit a bul-Man a qib, B a bu Hijratin-Nab i sa ,

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142 H ad i th No.3905 9.As-S i ratul- H alabiyyah, Abul-Faraj N u rud-D i n, Part 1, B a bu Istikhf a ’ih i sa wa A sha bih i f i D a ri Arqam…, pp.418- 419, D a rul-Kutubil-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2002 10.* As-S i ratun-Nabawiyyah, Ibni Hish a m, p.191, Dhikru mann Aslama mina s-S a ha bati bi-Da‘wati Ab i Bakrin ra , D a rul-Kutubil-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2001 ** Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, p.26, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore 11.Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, p.27, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore 12.Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, p.28, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore 13.Shara h Zarq a n i , ‘All a mah Qus t al a n i , vol.2, pp.114-115, B a bul-Hijratil-Mu st af a wa A sha bih i ilal-Mad i nah, D a rul- Kutubil-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1996 14.Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, p.29, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore 15.Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, pp.29-30, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore 16.Shara h Zarq a n i , ‘All a mah Qus t al a n i , vol.2, p.168, B a bu Kh a timati f i Waq a ’i‘i Mutafarriqatin, D a rul-Kutubil- ‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1996 17.Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, p.30, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore

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143 18.Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, p.32, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore 19.S a hih ul-Bukh a r i , Kit a bul-Jih a di was-Siyar, B a bu M a Q i la f i Dir‘in…, H ad i th No.2915 20.As-S i ratul- H alabiyyah, Abul-Faraj N u rud-D i n, Part 2, p.231, B a bu Dhikri Magh a z i hi, D a rul-Kutubil-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2002 21.* Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, p.33, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore ** As-S i ratun-Nabawiyyah, Ibni Hish a m, p.541-542, Ghazwatu U h ud, D a rul-Kutubil-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2001 22.Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, pp.35-36, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore 23.Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, p.36, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore 24.Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, p.38, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore 25.Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, p.38, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore 26.S a hih ul-Bukh a r i , Kit a bu s-S al a t, B a bul-Khaukhati wal- Mamarri fil-Masjid, H ad i th No.466 27.Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, pp.38-39, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore

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144 28.S i ratun-Nab i , ‘All a mah Shibli Nu‘m a n i , vol.1, part 2, p.486, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore, 2002 29.* S a hih ul-Bukh a r i , Kit a bul-Jan a ’iz, B a bud-Dukh u li ‘alal- Mayyit, H ad i th No.1241 ** A t-T abaq a tul-Kubr a , Ibni Sa‘d, part 1, pp.381-382, Dhikru Taqb i li Ab i Bakrini s-S idd i qi Ras u lall a hi ba‘da Waf a tih i , D a rul-I h y a ’it-Tur a thil-‘Arab i , Beirut, Lebenon, 1996 30.Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, p.41, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore 31.Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, pp.41-42, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore 32.Sirrul-Khil a fah, R uha n i Khaz a ’in, vol.8, p.335, Islam International Publications, 2009 33.T a r i khu t-T abar i , Part 3, p.267, B a bu Dhikri Amri Ab i Bakrin f i Awwali Khilafatih i , D a rul-Fikr, Beirut 2002 34.T a r i khu t-T abar i , Part 3, p.268, B a bu Dhikri Amri Ab i Bakrin f i Awwali Khilafatih i , D a rul-Fikr, Beirut 2002 35.S a hih ul-Bukh a r i , Kit a bu Fa da ’ilil-Qur’ a n, B a bu Jam‘il- Qur’ a n, H ad i th No.4986 36.** Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, pp.55-56, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore

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145 ** A t-T abaq a tul-Kubr a , Ibni Sa‘d, part 3, p.106, Dhikru Wa s iyyati Ab i Bakrin, D a rul-I h y a ’it-Tur a thil-‘Arab i , Beirut, Lebenon, 1996 37.Siyaru s-S a ha bah, vol.1, part 1 (Khulaf a ’-e-R a shid i n), ‘Abdus-Sal a m Nadw i , vol.1, pp.57-56, Id a rah Isl a miy a t, Lahore 38.S a hih ul-Bukh a r i , Kit a bul- I man, B a bu H ubbir-Ras u li sa minal- I m a n, H ad i th No.15 39.Sirrul-Khil a fah, R uha n i Khaz a ’in, vol.8, p.399, Islam International Publications, 2009 40.A t-T abaq a tul-Kubr a , Ibni Sa‘d, part 2, p.409, Dhikru Mann Rathan-Nabiyya sa , D a rul-I h y a ’it-Tur a thil-‘Arab i , Beirut, Lebenon, 1996 41.S a hih ul-Muslim, Kit a buz-Zak a t, B a bu Fa d li mann D amma il a S adaqati ghairih a min A‘m a lil-Birr, H ad i th No.3374 42.S a hih ul-Bukh a r i , Kit a bu s-S aum, B a bur-Rayy a ni li s-Sa ’im i n, H ad i th No.1897 43.Malf uza t, vol.4, p.290, Islam International Publications 44.Sirrul-Khil a fah, R uha n i Khaz a ’in, vol.8, p.355, Islam International Publications, 2009

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