Basics of Religious Education

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i Compiled by Sheikh Abdul Hadi In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful Basics of Religious Education Fifth Edition (R Fifth Edition (R Fifth Edition (R Fifth Edition (R Fifth Edition (Re e e e evised) vised) vised) vised) vised)

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ii © 2008 Islam International Publications Ltd.Islamabad, Sheephatch Lane, Tilford, Surrey, UK ‘All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without, the prior permission in writing of the publisher.’ Canadian Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Hadi, Sheikh Abdul Basics of Religious Education / Sheikh Abdul Hadi.--5th ed.rev.--.x, 372p.:col.ill.; 27 cm.Text in English, Arabic and Urdu.First edition published in 1993.Bibliography: p.363-364 ISBN 1882494 03 2 1.Religious education.2.The Holy Prophet Muhammad -- Biography.3.The Hadith -- Selected -- Commentary.4.Islamic Education -- Textbooks for adults.5.Islamic education of children.6.Ahmadiyya -- Introduction.I.Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama`at, Canada BP165.5 H129 2002 297.5 --20dc.Re-designed by: Muhsin A.Shahid Published by: Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama`at, Canada 10610 Jane St., Maple, ON, L6A 3A2 Tel: 905-832-2669, 905-303-4000 Fax: 905-832-3220 E-mail: info@ahmadiyya.ca Web: http://www.alislam.org Printed by: Jamnik Graphics Toronto, Canada 416-508-7855 Front cover photograph: The Holy Ka’ba, Mecca, Arabia Back cover photograph: Bait-un-Noor Mosque, Calgary, Canada (Landmark of Centenary Khilafat Ahmadiyya Jubilee 2008)

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iii Contents Contents Contents Contents Contents Comments of Hadrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh..........................................................v Foreword.........................................................................................................vii Transliteration Note.........................................................................................viii A Note from the Compiler..................................................................................ix Part 1 — Basic Principles of Islam..........................................................................1 1.Introduction to Islam.......................................................................................3 2.Set of Beliefs.................................................................................................5 3.Acts of Worship.........................................................................................10 4.Code of Conduct and Purpose of Life..........................................................15 5.Distinctive Features of Islam........................................................................17 6.Ahmadiyyat — the Revival of Islam...............................................................20 Part 2 — Allah & His Message................................................................................25 1.Allah and His Attributes................................................................................27 2.The Holy Qur'an and its Etiquette.................................................................35 3.A Guide to Correct Recitation......................................................................41 4.Alphabetical List of Surahs..........................................................................50 5.Surah Al-Fatihah and Commentary..............................................................55 6.Selected Surahs and Verses.......................................................................62 Part 3 — Ahadith.....................................................................................................89 1.Introduction to Ahadith..................................................................................91 2.Forty Ahadith with Commentary....................................................................93 3.Forty Ahadith without Commentary.............................................................121 Part 4 — Prayers...................................................................................................135 1.Prayers of the Holy Qur’an.........................................................................137 2.Prayers of the Holy Prophet sa with Commentary.........................................143 3.Prayers of the Holy Prophet sa without Commentary....................................158 4.Prayers of the Promised Messiah as............................................................167 Part 5 — Salat........................................................................................................173 1.Importance of Salat...................................................................................175 2.Introduction to Salat...................................................................................178

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iv 3.Salat.........................................................................................................188 4.Other Prayers Related to Salat..................................................................196 5.Table of Translation and Transliteration of Salat..........................................205 Part 6 — The Holy Prophet sa & Successors.......................................................219 1.Life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa........................................................221 2.Khilaft-e-Rashidah.....................................................................................234 3.Hadrat Abu Bakr ra......................................................................................235 4.Hadrat `Umar Farooq ra..............................................................................237 5.Hadrat ‘Uthman Ghani ra..............................................................................239 6.Hadrat `Ali ra...............................................................................................241 Part 7 — The Promised Messiah as & Successors..............................................243 1.Promised Messiah — Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as................................245 2.Khilafat-e-Ahmadiyya.................................................................................260 3.Hadrat Maulana Nooruddin ra......................................................................263 4.Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad ra............................................266 5.Hadrat Mirza Nasir Ahmad rh.......................................................................271 6.Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad rh........................................................................275 7.Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aa..................................................................281 Part 8 — Al-Qaseedah...........................................................................................291 Part 9 — General Religious Knowlege................................................................311 1.Islam 313 2.Six Articles of Eeman 314 3.Five Pillars of Islam 322 4.Ahmadiyyat — Revival of Islam 327 5.Guidelines for Parents of Waqf-e-Nau Children 333 Part 10 — Basic Arabic Lessons.........................................................................335 1.Basics of the Arabic Language..................................................................337 2.Arabic Grammar........................................................................................340 3.Vocabulary................................................................................................355 Prayers and Worship: Centenary of Khilafat-e-Ahmadiyya............................361 The Second Address of Hadrat Khalifatul Masih V aa.......................................362 Bibliography..................................................................................................363 Index.............................................................................................................365

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v During the visit of Hadrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh to Canada, on June 26, 1997, Muhtaram Maulana Naseem Mahdi, then Amir Jama`at Canada, sent the first copy of the 3rd edition of this book, ‘Basics of Religious Education’, to Huzur rh with a forwarding letter containing the following comments and request for prayers: Two editions of Sheikh Abdul Hadi’s book, ‘Basics of Religious Education’, have been sold out.By the grace of Almighty Allah, this book has been very popular and it is in high demand in the USA and many other countries.On this Jalsa (1997), the 3 rd edition of this book has been printed in 5000 copies, and its first copy is submitted to Huzur rh with request for prayers.Also, its collection of educational material is very benefitial for the children and the new converts.On reviewing the book, Huzur rh very kindly said: That is right.Do publish it.This book should also be translated into other languages.A few days later, on July 1, 1997, during our family visit with Hadrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh.I (the Compiler) had the privilege to present to Huzur rh a copy of the 3 rd edition of this book, when Huzur rh said these kind words: Sheikh Sahib! Your book is very good.It is much needed and also in great demand.Comments of Comments of Comments of Comments of Comments of Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadra a a a at t t t t Khalif Khalif Khalif Khalif Khalifa a a a atul Masih IV tul Masih IV tul Masih IV tul Masih IV tul Masih IV rh rh rh rh rh about a previous edition of this book

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vi In March 1998, Muhtaram Maulana Naseem Mahdi, then Amir Jama`at Canada, sent a copy of this book (3 rd edition) to Muhtaram Maulana Dost Muhammad Shahid - the renowned Historian of Jama`at Ahmadiyya, for placement in the Khilafat Library, Rabwah, Pakistan.Muhtaram Maulana Sahib very kindly responded:...Please accept my congratulations on this valuable and excellent addition to Jama`at literature.As regards to the book compiled by Sheikh Abdul Hadi sahib, even our respected Imam (Hadrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh ) has expressed his pleasure.Zaalika fadlullahi yo’teehi manyyashaa (This is the grace of Allah; He bestows upon whom He pleases)...Comments of Muhtaram Maulana Dost Muhammad Shahid - Historian of Ahmadiyyat In February 1998, Muhtaram Chaudhary Hameed Ullah sahib, Wakil A`la, Tahrik Jadid Anjuman Ahmadiyya, Rabwah, Pakistan, in response to a letter from Muhtaram Maulana Naseem Mahdi, then Amir Jama`at Canada, wrote the following:...Sometimes ago, I received...one copy of “Basics of Religious Education” from you...Your Jama`at deserves commendations and congratulations on these publications.Sheikh Abdul Hadi Sahib has done quite useful work.May Allah reward him for this contribution.Comments of Muhtaram Chaudhary Hameed Ullah - Wakil A`la, Tahrik Jadid Anjuman Ahmadiyya

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vii F F F F For or or or ore e e e ew w w w wor or or or ord d d d d Recently, during the interviews of the applicants for admission to Jamia Ahmadiyya Canada, it was amazing to see that a number of applicants from Canada and the USA, especially the new converts, expressed their heart-felt admiration of the book, ‘’, compiled by Sheikh Abdul Hadi.In fact, since 1993 when its first edition was published, this book has been instrumental in serving both as a resource handbook and a training manual in imparting the fundamentals of Islam and other religious knowledge to Jama`at members of all age groups worldwide.The outstanding qualities of this book are its simplicity, brevity and clarity, presented in a user-friendly layout through professional formatting and selective use of colours.In the 5 th edition, the Compiler has not only made useful additions with respect to Khilafat Ahmadiyya – Centenary Jubilee Year, but has also enhanced the quality of its content based on the response received from its readers.In conclusion, as we celebrate 100 years of Khilafat Ahmadiyya, let us pray that may Allah make this book a source of spiritual training for Jama`at members to win the pleasure of Allah! May Allah, out of His sheer mercy and grace, accept this work and reward the Compiler and all his helpers with the best of rewards.Aameen! Lal Khan Malik Amir Jama`at Ahmadiyya Canada May 27, 2008

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viii T T T T Tr r r r ransliter ansliter ansliter ansliter anslitera a a a ation Note tion Note tion Note tion Note tion Note The transliteration in this book tries to approximate the Arabic pronunciation.More details are presented on page 41.Some of the general rules followed in the rest of the book are: All long vowel sounds are denoted by two vowels — aa, ee, oo.hamza is represented by — ’ `ain is represented by — ` or — ‘ daal and duad are represented by — d taa and tu’aa are represented by — t dhaal and zaa and zu’aa are shown by — z Similarly, thaa seen and saad are represented by — s It is expected that a person eager to discriminate between the above sounds will have learnt, or be in the process of learning Arabic reading.The differences are minute and a balance has to be struck between ease of reading for young children unfamiliar with Arabic and complete faithfulness to the Arabic pronunciation.However, some common words like Hadith, Tahir, Rahman, `Uthman, etc., which have accepted spelling, have not been transliterated according to the strict vowel length rules applied.sa sAllalahu `alaih wa aalihee wa sallam — peace and blessings of Allah be upon him and his progeny — whenever the Holy Prophet Muhammad is mentioned.as `alaihis-salaam — peace be upon him — used for other prophets of Allah.ra radiy-Allahu `anhu — may Allah be pleased with him — used with the names of companions of the Holy Prophet saw or the Promised Messiah as.rh rahimahu-Llahu `alaihi — may Allah have mercy on him — used for other holy personages.aa ayyadahu-Allahu-Ta`aalaa bi-nasri-hil-`Azeez — may Allah strengthen him with His Mighty help - used with the title of the present Khalifatul Masih.Salutatory Abbreviations

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ix A Note fr A Note fr A Note fr A Note fr A Note from the Compiler om the Compiler om the Compiler om the Compiler om the Compiler By the grace of Almighty Allah, the 5 th (revised) edition of this book; ‘’ has been published on the eve of the 32 nd Jalsa Salana Canada, 2008 – the Centenary Khilafat Jubliee Year.Its first edition was published in 1993 and since then, about 20, 000 copies of the book have been printed and are being utilized by Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama`ats world-wide; the book is still in great demand.We have received important comments (see page 362) which clearly testify its great utility for young and old alike.It has become an essential resource handbook book for learning and teaching the Holy Qur’an, Ahadith, prayers, and general religious knowledge.Even our new members of Jama`at are finding it to be very useful and convenient to learn the fundamentals of Islam and general religious knowledge.Based on the valuable feedback received from the book’s readers, the 5 th edition is a revised and enhanced version, containing educative material regarding Khilafat-e-Ahmadiyya and its historic transition from the 4 th Khilafat to the 5 th Khilafat.I am very thankful to respected Lal Khan Malik, Amir Jama`-at Ahmadiyya Canada, and to respected Maulana Naseem Mahdi, Naib Amir-I and Missionary Incharge, for their full support and valuable guidance in improving this book.Also, I am grateful to Mr.Falahuddin Odeh, Mr.Abdul Rahman of Mauritius, and Rana Manzur Ahmad Sahib for their valuable advice.In addition, I would like to express my gratitude to all the writers and contributors to the previous editions.I am especially grateful to Mr.Muhsin Shahid who worked day and night in re-designing and formatting the entire book.I am also appreciative of Mr.Ather Naweed Ahmad, National Secretary Isha`at, who coordinated the printing and publishing work.Lastly, I am thankful to my family for their full support in every way possible.May Allah bless and accept our efforts, as all efforts would be in vain without His acceptance.Aameen! Sheikh Abdul Hadi National Secretary Ta‘limul Qur’an and Waqf-e ‘Ardi May 27, 2008

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x Calligraphy by: Hadi Ali Chaudhary Khilafat-e-Ahmadiyya Centenary Celebrations 1908 - 2008

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P P P P Part 1 art 1 art 1 art 1 art 1 Basic Principles of Islam Basic Principles of Islam Basic Principles of Islam Basic Principles of Islam Basic Principles of Islam and its Distincti and its Distincti and its Distincti and its Distincti and its Distinctiv v v v ve F e F e F e F e Fea ea ea ea eatur tur tur tur tures es es es es 1: Introduction to Islam 2: Set of Beliefs 3: Acts of Worship 4: Code of Conduct and Purpose of Life 5: Distinctive Features of Islam 6: Ahmadiyyat — the Revival of Islam 1 1 1 1 1 By: Sheikh Abdul Hadi 

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2 2 2 2 2 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION To facilitate their study, Islamic teachings may be grouped into these four main parts: √ √ √ √ √ Set of Beliefs — Six Articles of Eeman (Faith): This part deals with the details of Eeman (Faith), which is the foun- dation of Islam.√ √ √ √ √ Acts of Worship — Five Pillars of Islam: It describes the details of Huqooq- uLlah , i.e., our duties towards Allah, which are called the pillars of Islam.√ √ √ √ √ Rules of Conduct — Social and Moral Values: These explain the details of Huqooqul-`ibaad , i.e., our duties towards our fellow humans — which improve inter-per- sonal relationships.√ √ √ √ √ Purpose of Life — Achieving Near- ness to Allah: This part describes the ulti- mate goal of our life as appointed by Allah, our Creator.To achieve this goal, we must win the pleasure of Allah by closely follow- ing the instructions grouped under the first three parts.I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M — I — I — I — I — I N T R O D U C T I O N N T R O D U C T I O N N T R O D U C T I O N N T R O D U C T I O N N T R O D U C T I O N T O T O T O T O T O I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

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3 3 3 3 3 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION A ll praise belongs to Allah, Who enabled us to become Ahmadi Muslims.We believe, like all other Muslims, in the Holy Prophet Hadrat Muhammad sa , who founded the great religion of Islam under guidance from Allah.We are, however, fortunate to have accepted the Promised Messiah and Mahdi, the Reformer of the present age, as instructed by the Holy Prophet Hadrat Muhammad sa.He had foretold the appearance of this grand Reformer (named Messiah and Mahdi ) for the revival of Islam in the latter days.In 1889, Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as of Qadian, the Promised Messiah as , under Divine guidance, founded the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama`at.Its main objective is to re-establish the original purity and beauty of Islam.The experi- ence of being members of the Jama`at has brought about a wholesome change in our characters and strengthened our faith in Islam.Before we discuss the religion of Islam and the mission of the Promised Messiah as , let us try to understand what is meant by ‘religion’ and why there are different religions in the world.Besides the religion of Islam, many other religions exist in the world such as Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism and others.Most of them have existed for a very long time.In fact, as we learn from history, the world has never been without religions.All the well-established religions of the world have the following features in common: ♦ They were founded by the Messengers of Allah and their teachings were based on the revelations from Allah.♦ They define a purpose of human life: to achieve nearness to Allah and to understand one’s duty towards one’s fellow-beings.♦ To attain this purpose, they present a set of beliefs, acts of worship and rules of conduct governing social and moral behaviour.We may conclude, therefore, that: Religion is a divine system of beliefs, acts of worship, and rules of conduct that enable human beings to achieve nearness to Allah and lead a peaceful life.Who we are What is religion? Intr Intr Intr Intr Introduction to Islam oduction to Islam oduction to Islam oduction to Islam oduction to Islam 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 I I I I I SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM — I — I — I — I — I N T R O D U C T I O N N T R O D U C T I O N N T R O D U C T I O N N T R O D U C T I O N N T R O D U C T I O N T O T O T O T O T O I I I I I SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM

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4 4 4 4 4 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Why teachings of various religions differ? Need of a Universal Religion If all the religions are from the same God, then why do their teachings dif- fer so much from one another? There can be two sources of differences between various religions: a.After Noah’s time, it seems likely that people dispersed to different parts of the world, which were far apart.The means of communication were so poor that a prophet in one part could not communicate his message to the rest.Also, the development of the human mind varied from one area to the other.The All-Wise God, therefore, sent a Prophet to each nation with a teaching best suited to the needs of that nation.b.As time passed, the teachings of various religions could not remain in their original form.In some cases, the followers of these religions themselves introduced changes in their originally revealed books.As time passed, the human race began to advance.More and more coun- tries began to be inhabited and means of communication between them be- gan to improve.Through mutual contact, people of different countries began to appreciate the need for a universal religion.Also, as noted above, the adulteration of original teachings caused the need for fresh guidance from God Almighty, who is the Original Source.God Almighty responded to the need of a universal religion by sending His final and perfect message to mankind through the Holy Prophet, Hadrat Muhammad sa.Thus, the final great religion, named Islam, was founded as a Universal religion, about six hundred years after Jesus Christ as.(Adapted from 'Introduction to the Commentary of the Holy Qur'an by Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad,Khalifatul Masih II ra ) Islam is an Arabic word which means: Obedience and Peace.Islam thus means complete submission to the will of God and to be at peace with all the creatures of God.In other words, the fundamental purpose of Islam is to bring back mankind to its Creator and to improve the quality of human relationships.It follows, therefore, that: Islam is the only religion whose very name tells its believers what to do and how to do it.Islam provides a complete code of life.Its teachings explain in detail how to coordinate beneficiently all the human faculties and the bounties provided by Allah, our Creator.The main sources of Islamic teachings are the Holy Qur’an and the Traditions (Ahadith) of the Holy Prophet of Islam sa.What is Islam? I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M — I — I — I — I — I N T R O D U C T I O N N T R O D U C T I O N N T R O D U C T I O N N T R O D U C T I O N N T R O D U C T I O N T O T O T O T O T O I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

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5 5 5 5 5 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Set of Beliefs Set of Beliefs Set of Beliefs Set of Beliefs Set of Beliefs F aith or Eeman is the foundation of Islam.Eeman means our accep- tance of all the beliefs, which constitute the Islamic Faith.These are defined in one of the Traditions (Ahadith) of the Holy Prophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad sa , as follows: “The requirements of Eeman (Faith) are that you should believe in Allah and in His Angels and in His Books and in His Prophets and in the Last Day and that you should be- lieve in Allah’s determination of good or of evil (Decree of Allah) ”.(Muslim) The Six Articles of Islamic Faith mentioned in the above tradition are as follows: 1 - Belief in Allah (One God) 2 - Belief in the Angels of Allah 3 - Belief in the Books of Allah 4 - Belief in the Prophets of Allah 5 - Belief in the Last Day 6 - Belief in the Decree of Allah The Holy Qur’an (2:4) mentions the righteous people who believe in al- Ghaib , i.e., the unseen.Besides other meanings, the Arabic word al-Ghaib refers to the above Articles of Faith which are all unseen.No doubt, a re- vealed Book is visible as a book, but the fact that it is a revealed Book of Allah is unseen.Similarly, a prophet of Allah is visible as a human being, but the fact that he has a mission from God remains unseen.Six Articles of Eeman (Faith) 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M — S — S — S — S — S ET ET ET ET ET O F O F O F O F O F B B B B B ELIEFS ELIEFS ELIEFS ELIEFS ELIEFS

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6 6 6 6 6 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The first five Articles of Faith are specifically mentioned together in dif- ferent chapters of the Holy Qur’an (2:178, 4:137), while the sixth article is mentioned separately in other chapters (25:3, 65:4).Let us now briefly discuss these Articles of Faith one by one: Belief in God, the Creator and the Master of the Universe, is common to all religions.But the Islamic name ‘Allah’, in Arabic, applies only to One God and to no one else.Islam advocates belief in the absolute Unity of God in its entire purity as its very foundation.Oneness of God means that He is the God of all people on the earth: past, present and future.Islam stresses the need to have firm belief in various attributes of Allah, the Creator and the Controller of the Universe.He is the Lord of all the worlds.He is the Gracious, the Merciful.He is the Master of the Day of Judgment.The Holy Qur’an refers to over one hundred names of Allah, signifying His various attributes.(Also, see Part 2).Angels are a form of spiritual beings created by Allah to perform various assigned duties.There are numerous angels.They are bound to obey the commands of Allah.Unlike human beings, they have not been given the choice to do either right or wrong.In the Holy Qur’an, angels are frequently referred to as malak and rasool which, in Arabic language, means power and messenger , respectively.These literal meanings indicate the nature of various duties of the angels.Angels do not possess any fixed material form.They cannot be seen with our physical eyes due to our limited faculties.But when they appear to human beings (e.g., in a spiritual vision), they appear in such forms which are imaginable by us.For instance, the Archangel Jibra’eel (Gabriel) is known to have appeared to the Prophet Muhammad sa in the form of an ordi- nary human being.The same Archangel, however, seemed to have appeared to Jesus Christ as in the form of a dove.The names of some important angels of Allah are as follows: Jibra’eel (Gabriel) Mika’eel (Michael) Israfeel (Raphael) Izra’eel (Israel) Some of their assigned tasks are given below: ♦ The Archangel Jibra’eel controls the communication of divine revelations to the Prophets.It was he who used to bring the Qur’anic revelation to the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa.♦ The Chief Angel Mika’eel controls the provision and maintenance of life.I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M — S — S — S — S — S ET ET ET ET ET O F O F O F O F O F B B B B B ELIEFS ELIEFS ELIEFS ELIEFS ELIEFS 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Belief in Allah (One God) Belief in Angels of Allah

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7 7 7 7 7 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION ♦ The Chief Angel Izra’eel controls the phenomenon of death.There are other angels who: ♦ keep record of people’s deeds ♦ control the maintenance of the universe ♦ control the operation of the laws of nature ♦ glorify Allah with His praise.In short, according to Islam, the operation and maintenance of the whole Universe, including our world, is maintained and controlled by Allah through His angels.The Message of guidance from Allah conveyed to mankind, through His prophets, from time to time, is called the ‘Books of Allah’.Not only do the Muslims believe in the Holy Qur’an but also in the ‘Books of Allah’ given to other Prophets.The Qur’an makes reference to five re- vealed Books including the Qur’an itself.These are as follows: 1) Suhuf (Scrolls): given to prophet Abraham as (87:20) 2) Taurat (Torah): given to prophet Moses as (3:4,5:45) 3) Zaboor (Psalms): given to prophet David as (4:164) 4) Injeel (Gospel): given to prophet Jesus Christ as (5:47) 5) Qur’an : given to prophet Muhammad sa (6:20) There is, however, a note of caution: All revealed Books except the Holy Qur’an were partly changed by their followers and are not preserved in their original form.As such, the belief of the Muslims in the ‘Books of Allah’ refers solely to the ‘original guidance’ received by their prophets, and not to the present- day version of these Books.The text of the Holy Qur’an, however has always remained unchanged and preserved in its original form.Islam claims that the teachings of the Qur’an are complete, perfect and eternal.These teachings are fully capable of guiding mankind in all ages.(Also, see Part 3) 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M — S — S — S — S — S ET ET ET ET ET O F O F O F O F O F B B B B B ELIEFS ELIEFS ELIEFS ELIEFS ELIEFS Belief in the Books of Allah

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8 8 8 8 8 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION A prophet is a person chosen by Allah for the reformation and guidance of mankind.The Holy Qur’an uses two Arabic words for a prophet: Rasool and Nabi.The term Rasool means a ‘messenger’ and the term Nabi means one who gives news of events unknown to people.According to the Holy Qur’an, all prophets are messengers and all messengers are prophets.Islam makes it compulsory for every Muslim to believe not just in the truth of the Prophet Muhammad sa , but also to believe in the truth of all the other prophets in the world that came before him.This concept needs further explanation.Let us take the example of Jesus Christ as.We must believe in the truth of Jesus Christ as as a prophet (human being), as described by the Qur’an.But in no case are we supposed to believe in the Christian image of Jesus Christ as as God, because that is not the truth according to Islam.Our lives have a limited time span in this world.Every one of us has to die one day or the other.But on the last Day, we will all be raised again by Allah and will be given a new life, which would, in reality, be a com- plete reflection of this life.The Promised Messiah as writes on the subject as follows: The Qur’an sets forth the principle that every human ac- tion leaves its hidden impress upon its author and attracts an appropriate divine reaction which preserves the evil or the virtue of that action.Its impress is inscribed on the heart and face and eyes and ears and hands and feet of its performer.This is the hidden record which will become manifest in the Hereafter.(The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam, p.92, UK edition, 1996) Then, in the Hereafter, Allah will reward those of us who had been doing good deeds as directed by Allah and the prophets.They will be wel- comed into Heaven, or Paradise, where they will live forever in comfort and peace.In addition, Allah will be very happy with them.These will really be very fortunate people.Others, who had been doing evil deeds, against the directions of Allah and his prophets, will be punished in Hell.They will remain there until they Belief in the Last Day — The Day of Resurrection I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M — S — S — S — S — S ET ET ET ET ET O F O F O F O F O F B B B B B ELIEFS ELIEFS ELIEFS ELIEFS ELIEFS 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Belief in the Prophets of Allah

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9 9 9 9 9 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 I I I I I SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM — S — S — S — S — S ET ET ET ET ET O F O F O F O F O F B B B B B ELIEFS ELIEFS ELIEFS ELIEFS ELIEFS are purified, reformed and become fit for their eventual entry into Heaven.The ‘Last Day’ is also called the ‘Day of Resurrection and Judgment’.After belief in God, belief in the Last Day is most emphasized and described in the Holy Qur’an.(e.g., Chapter 101:2-10).This is so because belief in Allah is closely related to belief in the life after death.These two beliefs, together, makes our lives effective and useful.Belief in the ‘Decree of Allah’ ( Taqdeer ) means believing that both the law of nature and the law of religion ( Shari`ah ) have been devised by Allah and He alone holds Supreme power over these laws which are operating in the universe.The above definition may be explained more clearly as follows: Allah has laid down the principles for every material or spiritual thing.According to these principles, certain ac- tions lead to good results while certain other actions result in evil consequences as a matter of course.(From the ‘Forty Gems of Beauty’) One should not forget that Allah alone holds Supreme power over these laws.Therefore, in special circumstances, He may invoke His exceptional laws to produce miracles for the sake of His prophets and saints.However, these exceptional laws are never contrary to His known ways, His promises or His attributes.Belief in the Decree of Allah — Taqdeer F F F F FAITH AITH AITH AITH AITH Last Day Decree Angels Allah Books Prophets

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10 10 10 10 10 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION In the preceding section, we discussed the six fundamentals of Eeman or the Islamic Faith.In the present section, we will study the five pillars of ‘Islam’ or the acts of worship.Eeman stands for Faith, whereas Islam stands for Practice according to our Faith.Our Faith and Practice together make our religion complete.The five pillars of Islam are defined in the following tradition of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa : Islam is based on five (pillars): 1 - Bearing witness that there is none worthy of worship but Allah, and Muhammad sa is His Servant and His Mes- senger ( Declaration of Faith ), 2 - Observance of Salat (Daily Prayers) , 3 - Paying Zakat , 4 - Pilgrimage to (the Ka`bah ,) the House (of Allah) and 5 - Fasting during Ramadan (Bukhari-Kitabul-Wahee) The Kalimah or the Declaration of Faith is given below: There is none worthy of worship but Allah; Muhammad sa is the Messenger of Allah.Five Pillars of Islam Acts of Acts of Acts of Acts of Acts of W W W W Wor or or or orship ship ship ship ship Declaration of Faith — the Kalimah I I I I I SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM — A — A — A — A — A C T S C T S C T S C T S C T S O F O F O F O F O F W W W W W ORSHIP ORSHIP ORSHIP ORSHIP ORSHIP 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

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11 11 11 11 11 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION In the preceding Tradition (Hadith) , belief in Allah and His prophets is included to express one’s faith and its verbal affirmation.Note that in this Hadith , it has been given the first place, to make it the basis of one’s actions.After Allah, it specifically mentions the name of Hadrat Muhammad sa as His Messenger.The Kalimah is followed by the four acts of worship given below: The first and foremost act of worship is Prayer or Salat which means glori- fication and praise.The purpose of Salat is to establish personal commun- ion with Allah, purify one’s innerself and seek His help in all difficulties.But to achieve this objective, we must try to make our Salat a perfect Salat.According to the Holy Prophet sa , a perfect Salat is the one during which the worshipper’s attention to Allah reaches such a climax as if he/she is seeing Allah or, at least, that Allah is seeing him/her.Salat is in fact, the essence of spiritual life.The Holy Prophet sa says in one of his traditions that: Salat is the Mi`raaj (apex of spiritual exaltation) of the faithful.For more on Salat , please see Part 5.Payment of Zakat is the second act of worship in Islam.It is levied on surplus money, gold, and silver at the rate of two and a half percent annually.Zakat means purification of property and increase of goods.By payment of the Zakat tax, the rich in fact deduct a share for the poor from their surplus wealth thus purifying it.The poor, on the other hand, are provided with monetary assistance to help raise their living standard.In short, Zakat plays a great role in regulating the national wealth and protecting the society from social problems arising from the unequal distribution of wealth.The Hajj or Pilgrimage to Mecca is obligatory upon every such Muslim adult (at least once in his/her lifetime) who can afford to undertake the journey and has safe access to Mecca (3:98).The time appointed for the Hajj is fixed ten weeks after Eid-ul-Fitr.Thus it starts on the eighth and continues up to the twelfth of the lunar month of Dhul-Hijjah.Observance of Salat — Daily Prayers Paying Zakat Pilgrimage to the House of Allah — Hajj 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M — A — A — A — A — A C T S C T S C T S C T S C T S O F O F O F O F O F W W W W W ORSHIP ORSHIP ORSHIP ORSHIP ORSHIP

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12 12 12 12 12 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION This pilgrimage to the holiest places is associated with the sacrifice per- formed by the prophets Ibraheem as (Abraham) and his son Isma`eel as (Ishmael).With Hajj are also associated the holy traditions of the early sufferings and sacrifices of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa.It offers a golden opportunity to the Muslims of different countries and diverse races to meet and discuss matters of mutual and national interest.The Ka`bah , the focal point of Hajj , is the first place set up in the world for the worship of Allah in prehistoric times (4:97).It was rebuilt by the prophets Ibraheem as and Isma`eel as some four thousand years ago.Mus- lims all over the world face the Ka`bah when they offer their prayers.The Various ceremonies of Hajj are summarized below: The Hajj starts when the pilgrims reach certain designated places close to Mecca.The pilgrims enter the state of Ihraam (for males only) by wear- ing only two seamless white sheets, and recite Talbiyyah which consists of saying the following aloud : The pilgrims then perform the Tawaaf of the Ka`bah by going around it seven times, starting from the position of the Black Stone, in an anti- clockwise direction.Next, they perform the Sa`ee by running between the hillocks of Safaa and Marwah located near the Ka`bah , in memory of Hadrat Hajirah ra , who ran in search of water in this place.From Mecca they move to Minaa , a plain four miles east of Mecca.Next morning after Fajr prayer, they leave for `Arafaat.The Holy Ka`bah Ihraam and Talbiyyah Tawaaf of the Ka`bah and Sa`ee between Safa and Marwah I I I I I SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM — A — A — A — A — A CTS CTS CTS CTS CTS OF OF OF OF OF W W W W W ORSHIP ORSHIP ORSHIP ORSHIP ORSHIP 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 Here I am, O Allah, here I am; Here I am, No partner have You,here I am; Indeed, all praise and bounty are Yours, and Yours the Kingdom; No partner have You.

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13 13 13 13 13 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION They worship during their stay at `Arafaat from the afternoon of the 9th Dhul Hijjah to the sunset.This is the place where the Holy Prophet sa delivered his Farewell Sermon.On their way back to Mecca they worship at Muzdalifah , and then stay at Minaa on the 10th of Dhul-Hijjah.The pilgrims stay at Mina on the tenth day of Dhul Hijjah , where at first they perform the ceremony of Ramy-al-Hijaar , a symbolic act to strike the devil by throwing small stones at three pillars.Next, the pilgrims sacrifice their animals, then shave their own heads and end the state of Ihraam by wearing normal dress.On this day, Muslims all over the world celebrate Eid-ul-Ad-hiya.Before the 10th day of Dhul- Hijjah ends, they perform Tawaaf and Sa`ee for the second time at Mecca and once again return to Minaa.After passing one or two more days at Mina, the pilgrims return to Mecca on the 12th or the 13th of Dhul Hijjah , and perform the farewell Tawaaf of the Ka`bah , which marks the completion of Hajj.Whereas the Hajj may be performed during the prescribed dates only, ` Umrah or Lesser Pilgrimage may be done at any time during the year.This also involves the state of Ihraam, Tawaaf of Ka`bah and Sa`ee between the hillocks of Safaa and Marwah.Fasting in the month of Ramadan is obligatory upon every adult Muslim.Those who are sick, or travelling, are exempt from fasting in Ramadan.They must, however, make up all the missed days of fasting at another time.Those who are really unable (i.e.too old or too weak) to fast, are allowed to feed a poor person for every day of fasting that they miss.(2:184-186) In addition to the obligatory fasting of Ramadan, we may observe voluntary fasting whenever we like.There are, however, six commonly observed voluntary days of fasting in the beginning of the lunar month of Shawwaal (month after Ramadan), as practised by the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa.Farewell Tawaaf at Mecca and the End of Hajj `Umrah Fasting During Ramadan Voluntary Fasting 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 I I I I I SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM — A — A — A — A — A C T S C T S C T S C T S C T S O F O F O F O F O F W W W W W ORSHIP ORSHIP ORSHIP ORSHIP ORSHIP Stay at the Plain of `Arafaat Stay at Minaa

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14 14 14 14 14 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Fasting is a source of many blessings.Some of these are summarized be- low: Keeps away from evil: By fasting, a Muslim abstains even from his essen- tial and lawful requirements solely for the sake of Allah.Thus it becomes easy for him to keep away from the unlawful acts and evil deeds which are forbidden by Allah.Promotes self -discipline and human sympathy: Fasting promotes self- discipline and endurance.It also reinforces the bonds of human sympathy, especially for the poor.During Ramadan, the Holy Prophet sa was very gen- erous in giving charity to the poor.Promotes spiritual elevation: Fasting promotes spiritual elevation and love of Allah for His servants.According to the Holy Prophet sa , Allah Him- self becomes the reward for a believer who is fasting, by forgiving his sins and accepting his prayers.Improves physical health: Fasting brings a healthy change in our body systems and promotes better health.Allah becomes very generous to accept prayers and forgives those who can find the Lailatul Qadr or the Night of Decree, which may be any one of the last ten nights of Ramadan.Retirement to a mosque, during the last ten (minimum of three) days and nights of Ramadan, solely for the sake of worship and remembrance of Allah, is called I`tikaaf.The Night of Decree I`tikaaf I I I I I SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM — A — A — A — A — A CTS CTS CTS CTS CTS OF OF OF OF OF W W W W W ORSHIP ORSHIP ORSHIP ORSHIP ORSHIP 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 Blessings of Fasting ISLAM ISLAM ISLAM ISLAM ISLAM Kalimah Salat Zakat Pilgrimage Fasting The Five Pillars of Islam

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15 15 15 15 15 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION In the preceding sections we have discussed our duties towards Allah.This chapter deals with our duties towards our fellow human beings.All of these rules of conduct are based on the following sources: ♦ The Holy Qur’an, which is the revealed word of God and contains broad principles of guidance.♦ The Sunnah, which is the practical example of the Holy Prophet sa to demonstrate Qur’anic principles.♦ The Hadith, which is the spoken word of the Holy Prophet sa and serves as a supporting witness for Sunnah.A brief discussion of the broad principles of social and moral conduct: Acts of worship without service to humanity are not acceptable to Allah.The rights of human beings are as important as the rights of Allah.In specific cases, even more emphasis has been laid on the service to humanity.The Holy Prophet sa says: “One who, does not show mercy (to people) will not be shown mercy (by Allah)”.This saying of the Holy Prophet sa teaches us another important principle of social conduct.We must try to follow the attributes of Allah in our daily lives.As a result of this, Allah’s attributes would become operative in our favour.For instance, if we forgive our fellow human beings, Allah will forgive us.Verily, you have in the Prophet of Allah an excellent model…(33:22) This verse of the Holy Qur’an tells us that Prophet Muhammad sa was a perfect model for the whole mankind.Therefore, It becomes, possible for us to adopt good morals by following his noble examples.Code of Conduct and Code of Conduct and Code of Conduct and Code of Conduct and Code of Conduct and Pur Pur Pur Pur Purpose of pose of pose of pose of pose of Lif Lif Lif Lif Life e e e e Code of Conduct Love For Fellow Human Beings ‘ Follow the Attributes of Allah ’ ‘ For you there is a noble example in the Prophet of Allah ’ 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M — C — C — C — C — C O D E O D E O D E O D E O D E O F O F O F O F O F C C C C C O N D U C T O N D U C T O N D U C T O N D U C T O N D U C T A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D P P P P P U R P O S E U R P O S E U R P O S E U R P O S E U R P O S E O F O F O F O F O F L L L L L I F E I F E I F E I F E I F E

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16 16 16 16 16 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Some of the detailed commandments of social and moral conduct may be found in Part III under ‘Selected Sayings of the Holy Prophet sa ’.Allah is the Creator and the Master of all of us.Therefore, He alone can appoint a purpose for us.The Holy Qur’an, which is the word of God, makes reference to this objective as follows: And I have not created the Jinn and the men but that they may worship Me.(51:57) Thus, according to Islam, the purpose of man’s creation is the understanding and worship of Allah with complete devotion to Him.We can achieve this goal if — ♦ we are firm in the Six Articles of Eeman (Set of Beliefs), ♦ we comply with the Five Pillars of Islam (Acts of Worship), and ♦ we abide by the rules of social and moral behaviour.Our Allah, the Gracious, has bestowed upon us all the necessary faculties to fulfill these conditions of Islam.Thus we achieve nearness to Allah, and lead a happy and peaceful life on earth.In his book, The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam , the Promised Messiah as writes: “...It is obvious, therefore, that the highest reach of man’s faculties is to meet Allah, the Exalted.Thus the true purpose of his life is that the window of his heart should open towards Allah” (The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam, p.86) Purpose of Life I I I I I SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM — C — C — C — C — C ODE ODE ODE ODE ODE O F O F O F O F O F C C C C C ONDUCT ONDUCT ONDUCT ONDUCT ONDUCT AND AND AND AND AND P P P P P URPOSE URPOSE URPOSE URPOSE URPOSE O F O F O F O F O F L L L L L IFE IFE IFE IFE IFE 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

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17 17 17 17 17 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION (Adapted from Distinctive Features of Islam , by Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih IV rh ) Islam presents itself as a universal religion with the remarkable and unique features mentioned in the Holy Qur’an as follows: ♦ Its God is the Lord, Who is ‘ the Sustainer of all the worlds’, and ‘ the Lord of mankind’.(1:2, 114:2) ♦ Its Message, the Holy Qur’an, is ‘ a Message for all the worlds’.(81:28) ♦ Its prophet is the ‘ Messenger for the whole humanity ’.(7:159) All other religions had always presented their God, their Messenger and their Message to be only applicable to their specific regions or tribes.It is only the religion of Islam, which has claimed to be applicable to the whole of mankind.The Holy Qur’an says that all the prophets were true, because they were sent by the same God to different races and people: And there is no people to whom a Warner has not been sent.(35:25) The Holy Qur’an reaffirms the original truth of other revealed Books and the Muslims are admonished to believe in all other prophets in the same manner as they believe in their own Prophet.This is not the case with other religions, who believe in the truth of their own prophets only.Distincti Distincti Distincti Distincti Distinctiv v v v ve F e F e F e F e Fea ea ea ea eatur tur tur tur tures of es of es of es of es of Islam Islam Islam Islam Islam Islam — a Universal Religion 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M — D — D — D — D — D I S T I N C T I V E I S T I N C T I V E I S T I N C T I V E I S T I N C T I V E I S T I N C T I V E F F F F F E A E A E A E A E AT U R E S T U R E S T U R E S T U R E S T U R E S O F O F O F O F O F I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M Islam advocates the Truth of all the Prophets and their Books

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18 18 18 18 18 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Islam claims to be an eternal religion.This unique claim is based on the reason and logic that its Message is complete and perfect, and also guaranteed to be preserved in its original form.Almighty God Himself claims in the Holy Qur’an: This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favour upon you and have chosen for you Islam as religion.(5:4) The Almighty God, Who sent down the Qur’an, has Himself promised to safeguard the verity of its contents: Verily, We Ourself have sent down this Exhortation, and most surely We will be its Guardian.(15:10) In view of this Divine guarantee, the text of the Qur’an has not suffered even the slightest change, whereas the other books have been altered greatly.This fact has also been confirmed by a large number of non-Muslim scholars.Almighty God foretold that He has provided another important measure of safeguarding the real essence of the Qur’an.He appointed Reformers ( Mujaddideen ) in the beginning of each century, and sent the Promised Messiah as in the latter days, to safeguard the true spirit of the Holy Qur’an.Islam combines the best features of the earlier teachings with the everlasting and comprehensive teachings of its own.The Almighty God says in the Holy Qur’an: Safeguarding of the Qur’an Preserving its Text Preserving its Essence I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M — D — D — D — D — D I S T I N C T I V E I S T I N C T I V E I S T I N C T I V E I S T I N C T I V E I S T I N C T I V E F F F F F E A T U R E S E A T U R E S E A T U R E S E A T U R E S E A T U R E S O F O F O F O F O F I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Islam — An Eternal Religion Islam Combines all Truth in a New Perspective

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19 19 19 19 19 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Therein are the everlasting teachings.(98:4) This indeed is (what is taught) in the former Scriptures; The Scriptures of Abraham and Moses (87:19-20) Islam emphasizes the Unity and Universality of God.It teaches that God is the ultimate cause of all creation.He is the All-Knowing and living God.None of His attributes has been suspended and, therefore, He communicates with mankind as before.Islam holds that there is no contradiction between God’s words and His actions, and provides far greater insight into the various attributes of God, compared to the other religions.(Also, see Part II) Islam is distinct from other Faiths in providing a comprehensive code of social and moral behaviour.Also, to facilitate the observance of this code, the Almighty provided a perfect Model in the person of the Holy Prophet of Islam sa.He passed through numerous stages of human experience, and set noble examples for mankind.The Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama`at was founded in 1889, by Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as.He claimed, under Divine guidance, to be the Promised Reformer, whose advent was foretold by the Holy Prophet of Islam and many other faiths.The fact that the Jama`at stands for the revival of Islam is another important distinction of Islam.Let us now study the important mission of the Promised Messiah as.Greater Insight into God’s Attributes Complete Code of Conduct and a Perfect Model Revival in the Latter Days 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M — D — D — D — D — D I S T I N C T I V E I S T I N C T I V E I S T I N C T I V E I S T I N C T I V E I S T I N C T I V E F F F F F E A E A E A E A E AT U R E S T U R E S T U R E S T U R E S T U R E S O F O F O F O F O F I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M

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20 20 20 20 20 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION For all Ahmadi Muslims, i.e.the followers of the Promised Messiah as , it is very important to understand his mission as foretold by the Holy Prophet of Islam sa.This mission may be summarized as follows: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ He would restore faith back to the earth even if it had ascended to the Pleiades ( Muslim ), i.e.he would re-establish faith by means of heavenly signs.♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ In his capacity as hakam and adal ( Bukhari ) i.e., a divine arbitrator and judge, he would decide what was right and what was wrong in the beliefs and practices of people.♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ He would demonstrate the truth of Islam to the nations of the world by means of his personal examples, convincing arguments and heavenly signs.Accordingly, the Promised Messiah as himself described his mission: I have been sent that I should prove that Islam alone is the living religion.And I have been blessed with spiritual powers that render helpless the followers of other faiths, and also those from among us who are spiritually blind.I can demonstrate to every opponent that the Qur’an is a miracle in its teachings, its enlightened knowledge, its deep and delicate insight, and in its perfect eloquence.It excels the miracles of Moses, and those of Jesus a hundred-fold.(Translated from Urdu, Anjaam-i-Atham, Roohaani Khazaa’in vol.11, pp.345-346) (Adapted from an article by Hadrat Maulvi Sher Ali ra , published in The Review of Religions of April 1991) There is no doubt that Hadrat Ahmad, the Promised Messiah as , followed and taught the same religion which the rest of the Muslims profess to follow.One may, then, ask the following questions: 1.What is the difference between his followers and other Muslims? 2.Is the difference confined only to the fact that Ahmadi Muslims accepted the Promised Messiah and Mahdi as , while others did not, or does it go beyond that ? The Grand Mission of the Promised Messiah as Fundamental Points of Distinction of Ahmadi Muslims I I I I I SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM — A — A — A — A — A HMADIYY HMADIYY HMADIYY HMADIYY HMADIYYA A A A AT T T T T - T - T - T - T - T HE HE HE HE HE R R R R R EVIV EVIV EVIV EVIV EVIVAL AL AL AL AL O F O F O F O F O F I I I I I SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 Ahmadiyy Ahmadiyy Ahmadiyy Ahmadiyy Ahmadiyya a a a at — t — t — t — t — the R the R the R the R the Re e e e evi vi vi vi viv v v v val of al of al of al of al of Islam Islam Islam Islam Islam

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21 21 21 21 21 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The answer to these questions is that mere acceptance of the Promised Messiah as , by the Ahmadi Muslims, is by no means the principle factor, which distinguishes them from other Muslims.They are in fact distinguished because through Hadrat Ahmad as , they became spiritually purified and they undertook the grand mission of the revival of Islam, associated with the advent of the Promised Messiah, as foretold by the Holy Prophet of Islam sa.In view of the above, the fundamental points of distinction between Ahmadis and non-Ahmadis may be summarized as follows: ♦ Ahmadi Muslims are distinguished from the non-Ahmadis because they submitted themselves to the holy influence of Hadrat Ahmad, Promised Messiah as and witnessed the heavenly signs which God showed to re-establish faith.As a result of this, they are spiritually transformed and their faith in God, the Holy Prophet sa and the Holy Qur’an is strengthened.♦ They are distinguished because they have responded to the call of Hadrat Ahmad as to serve Islam and are devoting all their energies to its propagation, in the same manner in which the companions of the Holy Prophet of Islam had devoted themselves to the service of Islam.♦ They are distinguished because they accepted what Hadrat Ahmad as judged, in his capacity of the divine arbitrator and judge, of the errors that had found their way into the beliefs and practices of people with the passage of time.But the non-Ahmadis refused to abandon their wrong beliefs.This has created a divergence between beliefs and practices of Ahmadis and non-Ahmadis.An overview of the most important differences in the beliefs of Ahmadi and non-Ahmadi Muslims is given below: The non-Ahmadis believe that the Holy Prophet of Islam sa was the last prophet with whom God Almighty spoke and that since then this attribute of God has been in abeyance.The Ahmadis regard such a belief to be irreverent towards God and hold that no attribute of God can be suspended.They believe that just as God used to have communication with His holy servants in the past, so does He do even now and will continue to do so up to the end of time.Spiritual Transformation Devotion to the Cause of Islam Reformation of Wrong Beliefs 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 I I I I I SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM — A — A — A — A — A HMADIYY HMADIYY HMADIYY HMADIYY HMADIYYA A A A AT T T T T - T - T - T - T - T HE HE HE HE HE R R R R R EVIV EVIV EVIV EVIV EVIVAL AL AL AL AL O F O F O F O F O F I I I I I SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM Overview of Differences Continuity of Divine Attributes

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22 22 22 22 22 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Both the Ahmadis and the non-Ahmadis believe that the Holy Prophet of Islam is Khaatamun-nabiyyeen , i.e.Seal of the Prophets , but they differ as to the interpretation of this Qur’anic term.The verse is: Muhammad sa is not the father of any of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets (33:41) According to the non-Ahmadis, all doors to prophethood are forever closed and nobody can attain prophethood after the Holy Prophet sa , who, in their view, was the last prophet in order of time.The Ahmadis, however, regard this view as derogatory to the Holy Prophet of Islam sa , for it represents him as the one who put an end to the greatest gift of God, viz., prophethood.According to the Ahmadi belief, all doors to the prophethood are now closed, except the door of the Holy Prophet sa.It is through this door alone that prophethood (i.e.without a new law) is now attainable.The Holy Qur’an (4:70) describes the divine gift of prophethood as still attainable by the followers of the Holy Prophet sa.He is thus the Seal of Prophets , i.e., he is not only a great prophet but also a prophet-maker.In conformity with the Holy Qur’an (35:25), the Ahmadis revere all those great men as prophets (e.g., Zoroaster, Buddha, Krishna and Rama Chandra) whom a larger section of humanity has accepted as Divine messengers.Their teachings may have been tampered with but, according to the Ahmadis, the original teachings which these holy men gave were based on Divine revelation.The non-Ahmadis, however, denounce this attitude of the Ahmadis towards these reformers and refuse to acknowledge them as prophets — a view which is against the Qur’anic teachings.(35:25) Most of the non-Ahmadis hold that when the Jews tried to arrest Jesus Christ in order to hang him on the cross, God changed the appearance of another man and made him look exactly like Jesus Christ.This change deceived the Jews who seized the transfigured person and crucified him, while God raised Jesus to heaven in order to put him beyond the reach of the Jews.Since then, Jesus has lived in the second heaven with his physical body and would Interpretation of Khaatamun- nabiyyeen (Seal of the Prophets) Belief in all the Prophets Belief Regarding Jesus Christ as I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M — A — A — A — A — A H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y YA A A A AT T T T T -T -T -T -T -T H E H E H E H E H E R R R R R E V I V E V I V E V I V E V I V E V I VAL AL AL AL AL O F O F O F O F O F I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

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23 23 23 23 23 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION come back to earth in the latter days to fulfill the prophecy relating to his second advent.The Ahmadis reject the above statement and hold that it was Jesus who was put on the cross, but he being a righteous man, God delivered him from the ‘accursed death’ of the cross.Jesus did not die on the cross, but fell into a swoon and looked like one dead.He was alive when he was laid in the sepulchre (tomb) and came out of it alive on the third day.Then he met his disciples in secret and assured them of being alive.Jesus as then traveled to Afghanistan and Kashmir, where a portion of his ‘sheep’ — the lost tribes of Israel — were settled.He died in Kashmir and visitors to Srinagr may still see his tomb in the Khan Yar Street.This tomb is still known as that of a prophet, Yuz Asaf , i.e.the tomb of Jesus, the Prophet.After his death, his soul rose to God like the souls of all righteous men.In the Holy Qur’an, there exists a divine promise regarding Jesus Christ: When Allah said, ‘O Jesus, I will cause thee to die (a natural death) and will exalt thee to Myself … (3:56) This Divine promise only meant that God would not allow Jesus Christ to die the accursed death on the cross, but would cause him to die a natural death and would raise his soul to Himself like those of all righteous persons.The Ahmadis interpret the prophecy of the second advent of Jesus in the same way in which Jesus interpreted the prophecy of the second advent of Elijah.Jesus was not to come back in person, but another man was to come in the spirit and character of Jesus, just as John the Baptist came in the spirit and character of Elijah.The prophecy of the second advent of Jesus, the Ahmadis believe, has been fulfilled by the advent of Hadrat Ahmad as , who came in the spirit and power of Jesus, as John had come in the spirit and power of Elijah.The non-Ahmadis are expecting a Mahdi who will wage war and spread Islam by means of the sword.The Ahmadis reject such incorrect doctrines.The Mahdi , according to them, is no other than the Promised Messiah who was to come to spread Islam — not with the sword, but by heavenly signs and arguments (see pg.312).They believe that the Mahdi has already appeared in the person of Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as of Qadian, and they are not looking forward, like the non-Ahmadis, to the advent of a Mahdi who would come to shed non-Muslim blood in the world.Jihad in Islam 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M — A — A — A — A — A H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y YA A A A AT T T T T -T -T -T -T -T H E H E H E H E H E R R R R R E V I V E V I V E V I V E V I V E V I VA L A L A L A L A L O F O F O F O F O F I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M

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24 24 24 24 24 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M — A — A — A — A — A H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y YA A A A AT T T T T -T -T -T -T -T H E H E H E H E H E R R R R R E V I V E V I V E V I V E V I V E V I VAL AL AL AL AL O F O F O F O F O F I I I I I S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M S L A M 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as rendered an inestimable service not only to Islam, but to humanity at large, by his powerful refutations of these incorrect doctrines.It is due to the repudiation of these doctrines that his followers have been, and still are, subjected to severe persecution by ignorant Mullahs and their followers.To conclude this section, let us pray that may Allah give us the strength to truly follow the real and peaceful teachings of Islam, which the Promised Messiah as taught us.Such a pure precept of peaceful and blessed principles is bound to promote world peace and tranquillity.The more these teachings spread among nations, the better the chances of world peace.It is certainly fortunate that through the Promised Messiah as and his Khulafa (Successors), the grand spiritual revolution of the latter days, as foretold by the Holy Prophet of Islam sa , is gaining momentum throughout the nations of the world.This is a Divine mission which is bound to succeed and no power on Earth will ever be able to block its onward march.Insha-Allah! Conclusion People of the world may be inclined to think that it is Christianity which may ultimately spread throughout the world, or it may be Buddhism which will prevail in the end.But they are certainly wrong in their conjectures.Remember that nothing happens on this Earth unless it has been so willed in the Heaven.And, it is the God of Heaven who reveals to me that ultimately it will be the religion of Islam which will conquer the hearts of people.(Roohani Khazaa’in Vol.21 — Braheen-e-Ahmadiyya, Part 5, p.427) The Ultimate Victory (by the Promised Messiah as )

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 25 25 25 25 25 P P P P Part 2 art 2 art 2 art 2 art 2 Allah and His Messa Allah and His Messa Allah and His Messa Allah and His Messa Allah and His Messag g g g ge — e — e — e — e — the Hol the Hol the Hol the Hol the Holy Qur'an y Qur'an y Qur'an y Qur'an y Qur'an 1: Allah and His Attributes 2: The Holy Qur'an and its Etiquette 3: A Guide to Correct Recitation 4: Alphabetical List of Surahs 5: Surah Al-Faatihah and Commentary 6: Selected Surahs and Verses  By: Sheikh Abdul Hadi 25 25 25 25 25

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 26 26 26 26 26 Allah, the Exalted (by the Promised Messiah as ) Our paradise is in our God.Our highest delight is in our God for we have seen Him and have found every beauty in Him.This wealth is worth procuring though one may have to lay down one’s life to procure it.This ruby is worth purchasing though one may have to lose one’s self to acquire it.O ye who are bereft, run to this fountain and it will save you.What may I do, and how may I instill this Good News in the hearts, and by what drum shall I make the announcement that this is your God, so that people might hear? What remedy may I apply to their ears so that they should listen.If you belong to Allah, rest assured that Allah will indeed belong to you.(Roohani Khazain Vol.19: Kashti Nuh, pp.21-22) A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — A — A — A — A — A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH & H & H & H & H & H IS IS IS IS IS A A A A A TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 27 27 27 27 27 The Islamic name of God is ‘Allah’.This name, in Arabic, applies only to the One Supreme Being and to no one else.The word ‘Allah’ is never used in the plural, because Islam advocates the belief in the absolute unity of Allah.In addition to the proper name ‘ Allah ’, Allah has many beautiful names called al-Asmaa'ul Husnaa (59:25), signifying His various attributes.The opening Chapter of the Qur’an ( Surah al-Fatihah ) explains (commen- tary follows) that those Divine attributes that relate to human beings in any manner, branch out from His four principle attributes as follows: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Rabbul-`Aalameen (Lord of all the Worlds).This means that Allah creates everything and then fosters everything gradually towards perfection; ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Ar-Rahmaan (the Gracious).This means that without any effort on the part of His creatures, Allah provides everything that is necessary for their development and progress; ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Ar-Raheem (the Merciful).This means that Allah is the Giver of the best and highest reward for those who do good voluntarily, and that reward continues indefinitely; and, ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Maaliki-yaumiddeen (Master of the Day of Judgment).This means that the ultimate judgment concerning everything rests with Allah alone.The Holy Qur’an & Ahadith refer to over one hundred attributes of Allah.Islam stresses the need to have firm belief in them and to follow them.The Holy Prophet sa advises in one of his Ahadith : “Follow the attributes of Allah.” All these attributes may be divided into three categories as follows: Allah Allah Allah Allah Allah and His Attributes and His Attributes and His Attributes and His Attributes and His Attributes God— Allah Attributes of Allah Four Principle Attributes of Allah 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — A — A — A — A — A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH & H & H & H & H & H IS IS IS IS IS A A A A A TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 28 28 28 28 28 Attributes unique to Allah alone: These attributes are unique to Allah alone and not related in any way to His creatures.For example: Al-Hayy (The Living); Al-Qaadir (The Possessor of power and authority); Al-Maajid (The Glorious).Attributes concerning the creation of the Universe: These attributes are related to the creation of the Universe and indicate the relationship be- tween Allah and His creatures and His attitude towards them.For example: Al-Khaaliq (The Creator) and Al-Maalik (The Sovereign).Attributes concerning the actions of His creatures: These attributes come into operation as a result of the good or bad actions of those of Allah’s creatures who are endowed with a will of their own.For example: Ar- Raheem (The Merciful); Al-`Afuww (The Pardoner) and Ar-Ra’oof (The Compassionate).According to the Holy Qur’an (51:57), the main objective of our creation is to worship Allah, our Creator.The philosophy of Islamic worship is to es- tablish a loving relationship between Allah and His creatures, which is not possible unless we know and understand the attributes of Allah.Thus, by knowing the attributes of Allah, we will be able to derive abundant spiritual pleasure from our worship of Allah, the Exalted.Allah says in the Holy Qur’an; ‘And to Allah alone belong all perfect at- tributes.So call on Him by these attributes.’ (7:181).There exists a won- derful relationship between the attributes of Allah and the acceptance of our prayers, as explained in the commentary of Surah Al-Fatihah given in the following pages.So it is necessary that while praying to Allah, we should invoke the appropriate attribute of Allah.For example, to seek forgiveness from Allah, we should invoke His attribute, Al-Ghaffaar , and to seek the protection of Allah we should invoke His attribute, Al-Hafeez , etc.In this way, Allah the Exalted would accept our prayers abundantly.The Holy Prophet saw has said, ‘‘Follow the attributes of Allah.’’ There are some attributes of Allah (like Ar-Raheem , Al-Maalik, Al-`Afuww etc.) which can be adopted by us in a limited fashion.By following these attributes in our daily lives, they will become operative in our favour.The following pages contain more than one hundred attributes of Allah, ob- tained from the Holy Qur’an and Ahadith, in a tabular form, with translitera- tion and translation for ready reference.As a note of caution, however, the complete meaning of these attributes cannot be presented in a single-phrase translation.Three Categories of Allah’s Attributes The Need to Know the Attributes of Allah A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — A — A — A — A — A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH & H & H & H & H & H IS IS IS IS IS A A A A A TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 29 29 29 29 29 Al-Asmaa'ul Husnaa — the Most Beautiful Names He is Allah, the Creator, the Maker, the Fashioner.His are the most beautiful names.All that is in the heavens and the earth glorifies Him, and He is the Mighty, the Wise.(59:25) And to Allah alone belong all perfect attributes.So call on Him by these attributes.(7:181) 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — A — A — A — A — A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH & H & H & H & H & H IS IS IS IS IS A A A A A TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 30 30 30 30 30 2.1 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — A — A — A — A — A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH & H & H & H & H & H IS IS IS IS IS A A A A A TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 The Reformer, The Subduer The Most Supreme The Exalted

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 31 31 31 31 31 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — A — A — A — A — A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH & H & H & H & H & H IS IS IS IS IS A A A A A TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES The Subtle; Knower of All Subtleties The Incomprehensible

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 32 32 32 32 32 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — A — A — A — A — A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH & H & H & H & H & H IS IS IS IS IS A A A A A TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 The Guardian The Best Friend; The Protector The Controller of Cause of Death

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 33 33 33 33 33 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — A — A — A — A — A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH & H & H & H & H & H IS IS IS IS IS A A A A A TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 34 34 34 34 34 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — A — A — A — A — A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH & H & H & H & H & H IS IS IS IS IS A A A A A TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES TTRIBUTES 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 35 35 35 35 35 T T T T The Hol he Hol he Hol he Hol he Holy Qur'an and y Qur'an and y Qur'an and y Qur'an and y Qur'an and its Etiquette its Etiquette its Etiquette its Etiquette its Etiquette The word Qur’an means that which is often read or recited.The Qur'an is the record of the verbal revelations in Arabic from God Almighty to the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa , over a period of about 22 years and 5 months (610-632 A.D.).These revelations first started in the month of Ramadan (Al-Qur’an 2:186).All revelations upto-date were rehearsed to the Holy Prophet every year in Ramadan by the Arch-Angel, Gabriel.In the last Ramadan of the Holy Prophet’s life, the whole of the Qur’an was rehearsed to him twice by the Arch-angel, Gabriel.The divine revelations were committed to memory and also written down by scribes appointed by the Holy Prophet sa.He himself indicated the ar- rangement of verses and chapters in the Qur'an as we find it today.How- ever, the compilation of the whole Qur'an in one volume was undertaken after his death.The Qur'an is divided into one hundred and fourteen Surahs or chapters.This division is based upon their subject matter and has the authority of the Holy Prophet sa.Each Surah has a name given to it, and is further divided into Aayaat or verses.However, the division of the Qur'an into thirty Siparahs or parts is arbitrary.A reference to a particular verse of the Qur'an is generally represented by two numbers separated by a colon ":".For ex- ample, the reference (29:49) means the 49th verse of the 29th chapter.A very distinctive feature of the Holy Qur'an is that it contains a divine guarantee for its perpetual preservation."We sent down this book and verily We shall safeguard it." (15:10) As a result of this guarantee, the text of the Holy Qur'an has remained unchanged over the past fourteen hundred years.What is the Qur'an Compilation of the Holy Qur'an Chapters and Verses of the Holy Qur'an Safeguarding of the Holy Qur'an 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — T — T — T — T — T HE HE HE HE HE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN & & & & & ITS ITS ITS ITS ITS E E E E E TIQUETTE TIQUETTE TIQUETTE TIQUETTE TIQUETTE

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 36 36 36 36 36 ♦ First Qur’anic revelation: Verses 2-5 of Surah Al-`Alaq ( 96:2-4) ♦ Last Qur’anic revelation: Verse 4 of Surah Al-Maa'idah (5:4), however Surah Al-Nasr was the last Surah revealed.♦ The total number of letters in the Holy Qu'ran: 323,760 ♦ The total number of words in the Holy Qur'an: 86,430 ♦ The total number of Ruku’ in the Holy Qur'an: 540 ♦ The total number of Sajdah-Tilawat (prostration during recitation) is 14 (agreed upon).The recitation of the Holy Qur'an is a spiritual experience and provides an enlightenment of the mind and comfort for the soul.To maximize the plea- sure of its recitation and the undersanding of its content, a summary of the etiquette and correct recitation is presented in the following pages: Allah says in the Holy Qur'an: And when you recite the Qur'an, seek refuge with Allah from Satan the rejected.(16:99) As such, we recite the prayer ( ta'awwuz) before every recitation session: I seek refuge with Allah from Satan the rejected.It is important to understand the philosophy of seeking Allah's protection while reciting the Qur'an.We must seek Allah's protection so that: ♦ We may not miss any teaching of the Qur'an due to our negligence, sins or evil company.♦ We may not fail to understand rightly any teaching of the Qur'an.♦ Having understood, may Allah provide us the strength to act upon these teachings and never forget or ignore them.We should say, Bismillaahir Rahmaanir Raheem, before starting any thing.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.Etiquette of Recitation Prayer before starting recitation Some More Facts About The Qur'an A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — T — T — T — T — T HE HE HE HE HE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN & & & & & ITS ITS ITS ITS ITS E E E E E TIQUETTE TIQUETTE TIQUETTE TIQUETTE TIQUETTE 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 37 37 37 37 37 Physical and spiritual purification This is the first verse of every chapter of the Holy Qur’an, except the 9th Chapter, At-Taubah , which is not an independent Chapter, but a continuation of the Chapter, Al-Anfaal.There is a saying, reported by Ibn` Abbas, to the effect that whenever a new Chapter was revealed, Bismillaah was the first verse to be revealed, and without Bismillaah the Holy Prophet did not know that a new Chapter had begun (Abu Dawood).Even when we recite from the middle of a Chapter, we should say, Bismillaahir Rahmaanir Raheem.In a majestic declaration about the Qur'an, Allah says: That this is indeed a noble Qur'an; In a well preserved book; Which none shall touch except those who are purified.(56:78-80) We should be physically clean and, preferably, perform Wudu before its recitation.Also, to fully absorb the blessings of the Qur'an and to understand its real meanings, one should be spiritually pure, clean and sincere in one's beliefs.Exhorting believers in 73:21, Allah advises: (partial verse) Recite, then, as much of the Qur'an as is easy for you.We may read the Holy Qur’an at any convenient time.The best time is dawn, after Fajr prayers.In 17:79, Allah says: (partial verse) Verily, the recitation of the Qur'an at dawn is specially acceptable to God.On the subject of listening to the Holy Qur’an, Allah says: Recite as much as is easy Time of Recitation 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — T — T — T — T — T HE HE HE HE HE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN & & & & & ITS ITS ITS ITS ITS E E E E E TIQUETTE TIQUETTE TIQUETTE TIQUETTE TIQUETTE Listen to the recitation silently and with devotion

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 38 38 38 38 38 And when the Qur’an is recited, give ear to it and keep silent that you may be shown mercy.(7:205) To understand the meaning of the Holy Qur’an well, we should recite it with complete attention.The best way has been described by Allah: And recite the Qur’an slowly and thoughtfully.(73:5) In addition, the Holy Prophet sa declared: One who does not recite the Qur’an in a pleasant voice is not from among us.(Bukhari, Mishkat-Kitabul Faza’il) During the recitation of the Holy Qur’an, if you come across a verse that indicates Sajdah (prostration), the reciter should perform the prostration and recite the following prayer in that posture: O Allah, my spirit, my body and my heart prostrate before You.(Tirmizi--Fee Sujoodul Qur’an) When reciting or listening to the recitation of the Holy Qur’an, response prayers are to be said after certain verses.A selection of the more common ones are given below: At the end of Surah Al-Fatihah (Chapter 1), in response to the prayer end- ing in , one should say ( Ameen ) In response to the phrase in Surah Al-Fat’h, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; (48:30) Al-Fatihah Response Prayers Sajdah Tilawat — prostration during recitation Recite the Qur’an thoughtfully A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — T — T — T — T — T HE HE HE HE HE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN & & & & & ITS ITS ITS ITS ITS E E E E E TIQUETTE TIQUETTE TIQUETTE TIQUETTE TIQUETTE 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 Al-Fat’h

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 39 39 39 39 39 we should say: Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him! In Surah Al-Rahmaan , after each repetition of the question: Which, then, of the favours of your Lord will you twain deny? (55:14 - 78) one should respond: None of Your favours do we deny, O our Lord! (Tirmizi-Tafseer Surah Rahman) After the second verse of Surah Al-A`laa, Glorify the name of thy Lord, the Most High (87:2) we should dutifully say: Holy is My Lord, the Most High! (Jawahirul Ihsan) At the end of the following Surah, Al-Ghashiah, after — Unto Us surely is their return; Then, surely, it is for Us to call them to account.(88:26-27) the following is recited: O Allah, bring me to account with leniency! (Tafseer-e Kabeer Vol.8) Ar-Rahmaan Al-Ghaashiah Al-A`laa 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — T — T — T — T — T HE HE HE HE HE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN & & & & & ITS ITS ITS ITS ITS E E E E E TIQUETTE TIQUETTE TIQUETTE TIQUETTE TIQUETTE

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 40 40 40 40 40 At the end of Surah Al-Teen, when Allah asks — Is not Allah the Best of judges? (95:9) we agree and say, Yes! and I am among the witnesses to that! (Jawahirul Ihsan) Similarly, at the end of Surah An-Nasr, Glorify thy Lord, with His praise, and seek forgiveness of Him.(110:4) one should say, Holy are You, O Allah Our Lord, with all Your Praises; O Allah, protect me from sin ! (Bukhari Kitabut Tafseer) Regular recitation (e.g.daily) should be started from the first chapter and continued to the last chapter.Finishing the recitation in this way is known as a “complete cycle”.On completion of each “cycle,” you should start again from the beginning of the Holy Qur’an in the same session — and recite this prayer: O Allah, show mercy on me through the Qur’an, and make it a Director and a Light and a Guidance and a Mercy for me.O Allah, remind me of that which I forget of it; and teach me of it that which I am ignorant of; and bestow on me its recitation through the hours of the night and the day; and make it a decisive reasoning for me; O Lord of the Worlds.Incremental Recitation & completing a “cycle” An-Nasr At-Teen A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — T — T — T — T — T HE HE HE HE HE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN & & & & & ITS ITS ITS ITS ITS E E E E E TIQUETTE TIQUETTE TIQUETTE TIQUETTE TIQUETTE 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 41 41 41 41 41 A Guide to Cor A Guide to Cor A Guide to Cor A Guide to Cor A Guide to Corr r r r rect ect ect ect ect R R R R Recita ecita ecita ecita ecitation of tion of tion of tion of tion of the Hol the Hol the Hol the Hol the Holy Qur y Qur y Qur y Qur y Quran an an an an By: Prof.Mubarak A.Ansari 1.Arabic Alphabet 2.Letters which can be written in different ways 3.Dots and Bends A bend represents a letter which has a certain number of dots above or below it.When a certain number of dots are put on top or below a bend, it will represent the letter which has the same number of dots on or below it.For example: 4.‘ Irabs (Phonetic Sounds, Strokes, Strokes or Diacritics) The following symbols are known as ‘Irabs : fatha, kasra, dhamma, jazm, shadda, tanween, ver- tical fatha, vertical kasra and inverted dhamma.Henever they are present on or below a letter, they give it a definite phonetic sound.Their function is the same as that of vowels in the English language (a, e, i, o, u).2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — C — C — C — C — C ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT R R R R R ECIT ECIT ECIT ECIT ECITA A A A ATION TION TION TION TION OF OF OF OF OF H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 42 42 42 42 42 5.Prolongation of Sound The sound of fatha is prolonged either by putting alif after the letter with fatha or changing the fatha into a vertical fatha.Thus ( ) is prolonged to ( ) or ( ).The sound of Kasra is prolonged by putting ya with Jazm after the letter with kasra or changing kasra to vertical kasra; thus ( ) is prolonged to ( ) or ( ).Similarly, the sound of dhamma is prolonged either by adding wao with jazm after the letter with dhamma , or changing the dhamma into an inverted dhamma.For example, ( ) is prolonged to ( ) or ( ).6.More Prolongation of Sound For further prolongation, a madda is put on the prolonged sounds.For example, and are prolonged to and and are prolonged to and and are prolonged to and Examples: 7.Other Phonetic Sounds of wao ( ) and ya ( ) If wao with jazm ( ) or ya with jazm ( ) come after a letter with fatha , a new sound of these vowels ( wao and ya ) is obtained.e.g.a.is qua is mau b.is rai is shai A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — C — C — C — C — C ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT R R R R R ECIT ECIT ECIT ECIT ECITA A A A ATION TION TION TION TION OF OF OF OF OF H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 43 43 43 43 43 8.Tanween A double fatha , a double kasra or a double dhamma are called tanween.In each such pair, the first one of the strokes remains, while the second one gives the sound of a noon with jazm.Thus, Examples: 9.Jazm ( ) A letter with jazm just after a letter with ‘irab , like will join directly in accordance with the phonetic sound of the stroke on or below it.For example, If a letter with a stroke is followed by an alif hamza or ‘ain , all with jazms , they join with a little jerk.For example, 10.Blank Letters A letter without an ‘irab (stroke), is called a blank letter, and is always silent.However, when an alif without an ‘irab follows a letter with fatha , the alif is not silent, but is pronounced (with some exception, which are given in Section 12).For example, exceptions: 11.A Blank Bend A blank bend in a word is also silent.For example, 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — C — C — C — C — C ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT R R R R R ECIT ECIT ECIT ECIT ECITA A A A ATION TION TION TION TION OF OF OF OF OF H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 44 44 44 44 44 However, there is one exception – and only one such in the whole of the Holy Qur’an – where a blank bend is after a letter with a vertical kasra below.Here, the sound of the vertical kasra is modified and is read as majray-ha instead of majree-ha : 12.Exceptions: when a blank alif comes after a fatha , it remains silent i.If a blank alif is in-between a letter with a fatha and a letter with a jazm.For example, ii.If a blank alif is between a letter with a fatha and a letter with shadda.For example, iii.A noon qutni (a small noon below a blank alif and having a kasra ), is present after the blank alif.For example, iv.A blank alif has either a small circle or a cross over it.This type of alif is known as alif zaidah (see Section 19).For example, 13.Use of Shadda A letter with shadda always joins forcefully to a letter with ‘irab before it and it appears as if the letter with shadda gives its sound twice.For example, If a noon ( ) or tanween joins with wao shadda ( ) or ya shadda ( ), they will produce half the sound of noon (i.e.a nasal sound), on joining.For example, mi(n)wwa ma(n)yyu o X A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — C — C — C — C — C ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT R R R R R ECIT ECIT ECIT ECIT ECITA A A A ATION TION TION TION TION OF OF OF OF OF H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 45 45 45 45 45 14.More than one Shadda When more than one shadda is involved, many letters are joined together forcefully, causing a combination of two, three, four, five or six letters.For example, 15.Rules for letters with jazm before letters with shadda i.A letter with jazm before a letter with shadda becomes silent.This is known as ‘idgham.For example, ii.If the letter with jazm before a letter with shadda is a noon, or is a tanween , while the letter with shadda is either a wao or ya , then the noon with jazm or the tanween , does not become silent, but rather produces the nasal sound of noon.For example, iii.If the letter with shadda has a vertical fatha , a vertical kasra or an inverted dhamma , the effect of prolongation of sound will also be considered.For example, 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — C — C — C — C — C ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT R R R R R ECIT ECIT ECIT ECIT ECITA A A A ATION TION TION TION TION OF OF OF OF OF H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 46 46 46 46 46 16.How to read Muqatta’at (abbreviations) Here are the methods: i.If the letters bear no sign (are blank), they are read like their names ii.If the letter bear some ‘irabs , they will be read accordingly iii.The letters with madda are read after prolonging them.Example, 17.Noon Qutni Sometimes, a small noon below a blank alif is put between two words or two verses, with or without a pause.It is known as noon qutni [see also Sections 12 (3) and 21 (9)].For example, 18.Change of the sound of noon by meem If ba is present after a noon with jazm or a tanween , the sound of noon is changed into that of a meem.For example, 19.Alif za’idah or “extra alif ” Sometimes, a small circle or an eron is put on a blank alif which is after a letter with fatha and which remains silent.This alif is known as alif za’idah and will not be pronounced.For example, o X A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — C — C — C — C — C ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT R R R R R ECIT ECIT ECIT ECIT ECITA A A A ATION TION TION TION TION OF OF OF OF OF H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 47 47 47 47 47 20.Stop signs or pauses These are divided into the groups given below: i.Where one must stop: ii.Where one may or may not stop: iii.Where one should not stop: 21.Rules of making a stop or pause i.If the last letter has jazm over it, no change takes place on stopping.For example, ii.If the last letter is hamza with double fatha , one of the fatha changes to alif.For ex- ample, iii.An ‘irab on the last letter always changes to a jazm.For example, iv.A round ta is always changed to ha with jazm.For example, v.If the last letter is a blank alif but the letter before it has a double fatha , one fatha is dropped and alif becomes active.For example, vi.If alif in the end is blank, but the letter before it does not have a fatha , then the alif will be silent.For example, 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — C — C — C — C — C ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT R R R R R ECIT ECIT ECIT ECIT ECITA A A A ATION TION TION TION TION OF OF OF OF OF H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 48 48 48 48 48 vii.If the last letter is a blank ya and the letter before it has a double fatha , ya will become silent and the double fatha changes to a vertical fatha.For example, viii.If the last letter is a blank ya , but the letter before it does not have a double fatha , there will be no change on making a stop.For example, ix.If there is a noon qutni between two verses, one may or may not stop, with the following results: a.If a stop is not made, noon qutni will give its sound and the blank alif before it becomes silent.For example, b.If a stop is made, noon qutni will drop but the blank alif over it becomes effective, and the ‘irab of the next active letter is given to this alif.For example, Please note that Qaidah Yassarnal Qur’an is the best guide to learn the correct recitation of the Holy Qur’an.However, this short guide has been prepared to enable a revision of all the major rules in a short time.A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — C — C — C — C — C ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT R R R R R ECIT ECIT ECIT ECIT ECITA A A A ATION TION TION TION TION OF OF OF OF OF H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 49 49 49 49 49 This sign indicates the end of a verse – one must stop here.This sign ( meem ), indicates waqf lazim – one must pause here.This sign ( tua ), means waqf mutlaq – one should pause here.This sign ( jeem ), means waqf jaa’z – one may or may not stop here.This sign ( zaa ), means that one should not pause here.This sign means al-waslul aula – it is bet- ter to join the two verses together and not to read them separately.This sign ( saad ), means one may or may not pause here.This sign ( qaaf ), means that one should not pause here.This sign ( saktah ), means that one should pause very briefly, holding one’s breath.This sign ( laa ), without the aayat sign, in- dicates that one must not stop here.This sign ( laa ) with the aayat sign, means that one may or may not stop here.Both options are available.(Pl.see lesson 37 of Qaidah Yassarnal Qur’an ).Summary of the Most Common Stop / Pause Signs During the Recitation of the Holy Qur’an (Also refer to item 20 - A Guide to Correct Recitation) 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — C — C — C — C — C ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT ORRECT R R R R R ECIT ECIT ECIT ECIT ECITA A A A ATION TION TION TION TION OF OF OF OF OF H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 50 50 50 50 50 Alpha Alpha Alpha Alpha Alphabetical List of betical List of betical List of betical List of betical List of Sur Sur Sur Sur Surahs ahs ahs ahs ahs (Cha (Cha (Cha (Cha (Chapter pter pter pter pters) of s) of s) of s) of s) of the Hol the Hol the Hol the Hol the Holy y y y y Qur’an Qur’an Qur’an Qur’an Qur’an ( Prepared under the guidance of Maulana Naseem Mahdi) A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — L — L — L — L — L IST IST IST IST IST OF OF OF OF OF S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 51 51 51 51 51 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — L — L — L — L — L IST IST IST IST IST OF OF OF OF OF S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 52 52 52 52 52 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — L — L — L — L — L IST IST IST IST IST OF OF OF OF OF S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 53 53 53 53 53 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — L — L — L — L — L IST IST IST IST IST OF OF OF OF OF S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 54 54 54 54 54 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — L — L — L — L — L IST IST IST IST IST OF OF OF OF OF S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 55 55 55 55 55 2.4 Sur Sur Sur Sur Surah ah ah ah ah Al-F Al-F Al-F Al-F Al-Faa aa aa aa aatihah tihah tihah tihah tihah and and and and and Commentar Commentar Commentar Commentar Commentar y y y y y 1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.2.All praise belongs to Allah, Lord of all the worlds, 3.The Gracious, the Merciful, 4.Master of the Day of Judgment.5.Thee alone do we worship and Thee alone do we implore for help.6.Guide us in the right path -- 7.The path of those on whom Thou hast bestowed Thy blessings, those who have not incurred displeas- ure, and those who have not gone astray.Al-Faatiha -- The opening chapter of the Holy Qur’an and the most comprehensive prayer 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — S — S — S — S — S URAH URAH URAH URAH URAH A A A A A L L L L L -F -F -F -F -F A A A A ATIHA TIHA TIHA TIHA TIHA AND AND AND AND AND C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 56 56 56 56 56 This chapter, known as Sura-Al-Faatihah, is sometimes called the ‘Mother of the Book’ because the rest of the Qur’an is, in fact, a commentary on this chapter in which God teaches man to pray to Him for guidance on the right path.We read at the beginning of the next chapter: This is a perfect book; there is no doubt in it.It is a guid- ance for the righteous.(2:2) We find in the Qur’an short sketches of the lives of previous prophets on whom God has bestowed His favours and warns us to avoid the evil ways of the enemies of God concerning which we seek protection in the words of the prayer: "...those who have not incurred Thy displeasure and those who have not gone astray." The Qur’an frequently refers to the teachings of the Holy Prophet of Islam saw and the evil practices of his enemies.The reader should understand why Sura Al-Faatihah was placed at the beginning of the Qur’an although it was not the first one to be revealed.It commences: Bismi-Llahir-Rahmaan-ir-Raheem ‘In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.’ These words should be recited before commencing any undertaking, great or small.They embody a prayer appealing especially to the two attributes of God: Ar-Rahmaan — The Gracious; and Ar-Raheem —The Merciful The word Allah occurring in the verse is the distinctive name of the Su- preme Being and is never used for any other thing or being.The word Ar-Rahmaan (the Gracious) signifies the free and gratuitous providence of God.All bounties vouchsafed to mankind which have not been earned fall under this attribute.The word signifies the Giver of the best and highest reward for virtue.God has thus taught us to invoke the Rahmaan (the Gracious) for all the needs required for any undertaking and then to pray to Ar-Raheem (the Merciful) imploring for the highest reward for the labour performed.The Qur’an which is a guidance for mankind 2.4 Verse 1 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — S — S — S — S — S URAH URAH URAH URAH URAH A A A A A L L L L L -F -F -F -F -F A A A A ATIHA TIHA TIHA TIHA TIHA AND AND AND AND AND C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Commentary by Hadrat Mirza Bashir Ahmad ra , Qamarul Ambiyaa (from the Review of Religions, April 1991)

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 57 57 57 57 57 springs from the first (i.e., Ar-Rahmaan , the Gracious) of these two at- tributes and is, therefore, placed first.The fruits of acting upon this guid- ance follow and depend upon the second attribute Ar-Raheem , the Merci- ful.The next verse is: (Alhamdu liLlahi rabb-il-`alameen) ‘All praise belongs to Allah alone, Lord of all the worlds.’ The word ( Rabb ) signifies both the act of creating and developing.God is not, therefore, only the Creator of all things but also develops them to the highest stage of perfection.The word rabb stands in beautiful con- trast with the word ( Abb ) meaning father which we hear so much about in Christianity means only father while Rabb means God the Creator, Developer and Sustainer.No doubt, the ties which join a son with his father are strong but they are insignificant with the ties that join one to one’s Creator, Developer and Sustainer.A father is related to his son through the fact that he happened to be a means of bringing him into existence while the word Rabb signifies a far stronger and nobler tie.During a battle, the Holy Prophet of Islam saw drew attention to a woman who was hurrying here and there in great distress in search of her only child who had become lost.At last she found him lying on the ground and tears of joy trickled down her cheeks as she clasped him to her bosom.Although the love of a mother is stronger than the love of a father, the Holy Prophet saw said to his companions that the love that God has for His creatures far ex- cels the love that this mother had for her son.The words Rabbil `Aalameen (Lord of all the worlds) is a comprehensive term inasmuch as it signifies not only this earth and all the heavenly bodies, but also the different planes of existence.The God of Islam, Allah, is the Creator of the soul as well as the body.The words Rabbil Aalameen also points to the universality of the religion of Islam.The verse teaches us to understand that God is the only Being to whom all praise is really due, for though man becomes the means of bringing into existence many things in this world, yet the real praise is due to God, for He it is who has endowed man with the different faculties necessary to plan and 2.4 Verse 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — S — S — S — S — S URAH URAH URAH URAH URAH A A A A A L L L L L -F -F -F -F -F A A A A ATIHA TIHA TIHA TIHA TIHA AND AND AND AND AND C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 58 58 58 58 58 devise new things.The verse conveys a great lesson not to forget and be ungrateful to God after every kind of achievement and good fortune.Ninety-nine times out of a hundred, man credits himself and forgets God who is the real author of his achievements and who gave him the power, wisdom and strength to sur- mount his difficulties and attain success.This point is brought home in the next verse: (Ar-Rahmaan-ir-Raheem) ‘The Gracious, the Merciful.’ While man does become the means of achieving success he must bear in mind that he has been enabled to become successful through the beneficence of God who is also Raheem (the Merciful) in rewarding him for his labours.Some times it happens that some unforeseen difficulties arise and the whole labour expended is brought to naught.The next verse is: Maaliki Yaum-id-deen ‘Master of the Day of Judgment’ The word Maalik, the Master) sets up a distinction between the Divine Dispenser of rewards and punishments and an earthly adminis- trator of justice.The latter is a mere judge and he cannot exercise the prerogative of mercy.God however is the Master and He cannot be ac- cused of injustice if He gives an increased reward to the virtuous or shows mercy to the sinner.Having so far dwelt on the principle attributes of Almighty God, the suppli- cant of this prayer, which comprises the first chapter of the Qur’an, now experiences a sudden change and actually begins to experience the pres- ence of God.It is generally the case that when one recalls the special char- acteristics of a person or a thing, then the imagination immediately con- jures up a picture of the same before the thinker.Such is the case here.Up to now God was referred to in the third person, but a lively description of 2.4 Verse 3 Verse 4 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — S — S — S — S — S URAH URAH URAH URAH URAH A A A A A L L L L L -F -F -F -F -F A A A A ATIHA TIHA TIHA TIHA TIHA AND AND AND AND AND C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 59 59 59 59 59 His attributes at once produced the usual effect.Hence, all of a sudden, the supplicant finds himself in the glorious presence of his Lord and Master and turns to Him in all loving confidence, exclaiming: Iyyaaka na`budu wa iyyaaka nasta`een ‘Thee alone do we worship and Thee alone do we implore for help.’ The word ibaadah , (i.e.,worship) means to throw oneself entirely before the Supreme Being with complete love, trust, fear and humility.It is not easy to make such a complete surrender.The world presents a network of good and evil influences.Hence the words ‘ Thee alone do we ask for help ’.No religion has provided a more meaningful and efficacious manner of worship than Islam.Every true Muslim cuts off all connection with the world and its affairs and stands in an attitude of devotion before his beloved Lord and Master five times a day.Then are his eyes truly closed to the world and his soul holds communion with God and on receiving a new life from Him, and inspired with fresh energy and zeal, he turns to fight his way through the hostile elements of the world.Again, as the sickening vices of this world grow heavy on him the pilgrim again resorts to his favorite beverage and drinks deep at the fountain of Divine love.This goes on till the wayfarer reaches his goal and passing through the inevitable gate of death he throws himself to rest in the bosom of his Lord and Master.The next verse is: Ihdina-ssiraat-al mustaqeem ‘Guide us on the straight path.’ The word Ihdinaa signifies the showing of the right path as well as keeping on the right path and progressing along it.Islam does not limit the spiritual progress of man, hence the comprehensive prayer which is offered by both him who has not yet discovered the right path and by him who is well ad- vanced on it.Even the righteous prophets of God need this prayer because the stages of nearness to God are endless.2.4 Verse 6 Verse 5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — S — S — S — S — S URAH URAH URAH URAH URAH A A A A A L L L L L -F -F -F -F -F A A A A ATIHA TIHA TIHA TIHA TIHA AND AND AND AND AND C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 60 60 60 60 60 Again the prayer is not restricted to any specific purpose, but one may re- sort to this prayer for whatever one may require.The word occurring in the verse appropriately signifies the sense of straightness, and hence a Muslim prays for the shortest way and most effective means for the attainment of his objectives.The last verse is: Siraat-allazeena an`amta alaihim, ghairil magh-doobi alaihim wa ladh-daal-leen ‘The path of those on whom Thou hast bestowed Thy favours, those who have not incurred Thy displeasure and those who have not gone astray.’ Elsewhere, the Qur’an explains that the favoured people comprise the proph- ets, the truthful (saints), the martyrs and the righteous (4:70).Thus a Mus- lim has before him the loftiest ideal conceivable when he prays to be guided on the path of the chosen ones of God.One precaution, however, is needed.It happens sometimes that one wins the favour of one’s beloved but then some unforeseen thing happens and everything comes to a naught.Either something happens which causes the displeasure of the beloved and thus the lover loses the favor gained, or some- times faithlessness on the part of the lover himself, turns his mind from the object of his love.In order to guard against both these contingencies, the prayer is supplemented by the words, ‘ The path of those who have not incurred Thy displeasure and those who have not gone astray.’ We learn from the sayings of the Holy Prophet saw of Islam that the people specially referred to in Al-Maghdoobi were the Jews upon whom God showed His choicest blessings but who by their persistent transgressions, particularly against Jesus, incurred the wrath of God while the people re- ferred to in Ad-Daalleen are the Christians who forsook the teachings of Jesus by later on deifying him.The last verse embodies a mighty prophecy and deserves special attention.It is made incumbent upon every Muslim to pray that he may be saved from 2.4 Verse 7 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — S — S — S — S — S URAH URAH URAH URAH URAH A A A A A L L L L L -F -F -F -F -F A A A A ATIHA TIHA TIHA TIHA TIHA AND AND AND AND AND C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 61 61 61 61 61 following the ways of the Jews and also the Christians who have set up equals to God.This verse was revealed in Mecca where the most bitter enemies of Islam at that time were idol worshippers as the Jews and Chris- tians had not yet stood in the way of Islam.Thus, the verse refers to the time when the people would be susceptible of becoming Jews and Christians which pointed to the advent of the Promised Messiah as which was to take place in the time of the ascendancy of the Chris- tians.The Messiah has appeared in the person of Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ah- mad as.A deeper study of this short chapter ( Surah Faatihah ) reveals another beauty which lies in the wonderful relationship between the attributes of God and the prayers which follow them in serial order.The attributes mentioned in the first part of the chapter are in order: 1.All praise belongs to Allah, the Creator and Developer of the worlds.2.The Gracious.3.The Giver of best rewards.4.Master of the Day of Judgment.Corresponding to them we have the prayers which follow: 1.Thee alone do we worship and Thee alone do we implore for help.2.Guide us on the straight path.3.The path of those on whom Thou hast bestowed Thy favors.4.Those who have not incurred Thy displeasure and those who have not gone astray.The above relationship is too apparent to need an explanation.Wonderful Relationship between the Attributes of Allah and the Prayers 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — S — S — S — S — S URAH URAH URAH URAH URAH A A A A A L L L L L -F -F -F -F -F A A A A ATIHA TIHA TIHA TIHA TIHA AND AND AND AND AND C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 62 62 62 62 62 2.5 Selected Sur Selected Sur Selected Sur Selected Sur Selected Surahs and ahs and ahs and ahs and ahs and V V V V Ver er er er erses ses ses ses ses (among those commonly recited by Hadrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh in daily prayers — most of them are given in the following pages as a ready reference for comprehension and memorization) ** not included in following pages Selected Verses Complete Chapters Chapter Surah from to Chapter Surah 2 al-Baqarah 1 17 87 al-A`laa 255 258 88 al-Ghaashiah 285 287 93 ad-Duhaa 3 Aal-Imraan 26 28 94 al-Inshiraah 191 195 95 at-Teen 6 al-An`aam 96 101 97 al-Qadr 102 109 99 az-Zilzaal 13 ar-Ra`ad ** 9 14 101 al-Qaari`ah 16 an-Nahl 67 71 102 at-Takaathur 17 Banee- Israa'eel 79 85 103 al-`Asr 18 al-Kahf 1 13 104 al-Humazah 103 111 105 al-Feel 25 al-Furqaan ** 62 78 106 al-Quraish 33 al-Ahzaab 71 74 107 al-Maa`oon 41 Haa Meem Sajdah 31 33 108 al-Kauthar 34 37 109 al-Kaafiroon 59 al-Hashr 19 25 110 an-Nasr 63 al-Munaafiqoon 10 12 111 al-Lahab 67 al-Mulk 1 5 112 al-Ikhlaas 85 al-Burooj ** 1 23 113 al-Falaq 86 at-Taariq 1 18 114 an-Naas A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 63 63 63 63 63 2.5 Al-Baqarah 2:1-17 1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Mer- ciful.2.Alif, Laam, Meem* 3.This is a perfect Book; there is no doubt in it; it is a guidance for the righteous, 4.Who believe in the unseen and observe prayer and spend out of what We have provided for them.5.And who believe in that which has been re- vealed to thee and that which was revealed be- fore thee and they have firm faith in the Here- after.6.It is they who follow the guidance from their Lord and it is they who shall prosper.7.Those who have disbelieved — it being alike to them whether thou warn them or warn them not — they will not believe.8.Allah has set a seal on their hearts and their ears, and over their eyes is a covering; and for them is a grievous chastisement.9.And of the people there are some who say, ‘We believe in Allah, and the Last Day;’ while they are not believers at all.10.They would deceive Allah and those who believe, but they deceive none but themselves; only they perceive it not.11.In their hearts was a disease, so Allah has increased their disease, and for them is a griev- ous punishment because they lied.12.And when it is said to them, ‘Create not dis- order in the earth,’ they say ‘We are only pro- moters of peace.’ 13.Beware ! it is surely they who create disor- der, but they do not perceive it.* I am Allah, the All-knowing 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 64 64 64 64 64 2.5 Al-Baqarah 2:255-258 14.And when it is said to them, ‘Believe as other people have believed,’ they say, ‘Shall we be- lieve as the fools have believed ?’ Remember ! it is surely they that are the fools, but they do not know.15.And when they meet those who believe, they say, ‘We believe;’ but when they are alone with their ring-leaders they say, ‘We are certainly with you; We were only mocking.’ 16.Allah will punish their mockery and will let them continue in their transgression, wander- ing blindly.17.These are they who have bartered away guid- ance for error, but their traffic has brought them no gain, nor are they rightly guided.255.O ye who believe ! spend out of what We have bestowed on you before the day comes wherein there shall be no buying and selling, nor friendship, nor intercession, and it is those who disbelieve that do wrong to themselves.256.Allah — there is no god save Him, the Liv- ing, the Self-Subsisting and All-Sustaining.Slumber seizes Him not, nor sleep.To Him be- longs whatsoever is in the heavens and whatso- ever is in the earth.Who is he that dare inter- cede with Him save by His permission ? He knows what is before them and what is behind them; and they encompass nothing of His knowledge, except what He pleases.His knowl- edge extends over the heavens and the earth; and the care of them wearies Him not; and He is the High, the Great.257.There is no compulsion in religion.Surely the right has become distinct from error; so whosoever refuses to be ledby those who trans- gress and believes in Allah, has surely grasped a strong handle which knows no breaking.And Allah is All-Hearing.All-Knowing.A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 65 65 65 65 65 2.5 Al-Baqarah 2:285-287 258.Allah is the Friend of those who believe; He brings them out of all kinds of darkness into light.And those who disbelieve, their friends are the transgressors who brings them out of light into manifold darknesses.These are the inmates of the Fire, therein shall they abide.285.To Allah belongs whatever is in the heav- ens and whatever is in the earth; and whether you disclose what is in your minds or keep it hidden, Allah will call you to account for it, then will He forgive whomsoever He pleases, and punish whomsoever He pleases; and Allah has the power to do all that He wills.286.This Messenger of Ours believes in that which has been revealed to him from his Lord, and so do the believers; all of them believe in Allah, and in His angels, and in His Books, and in His Messengers, saying , ‘We make no dis- tinction between any of His Messengers;’ and they say ‘We have heard and we are obedient.Our Lord, we implore Thy forgive-ness, and to Thee is the returning.’ 287.Allah burdens not any soul beyond its ca- pacity.It shall have the reward it earns, and it shall get the punishment it incurs.Our Lord, do not punish us if we forget or fall into error, and our Lord, lay not on us a responsibility as Thou didst lay upon those before us.Our Lord, burden us not with what we have not the strength to bear; and efface our sins and grant us for- giveness and have mercy on us; Thou art our Master; so help us against the disbelieving people.2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 66 66 66 66 66 26.How will it be with them when We will gather them together on the Day about which there is no doubt; and when every soul will be paid in full what it has earned, and they shall not be wronged ? 27.Say, ‘O Allah, Lord of Sovereignty, Thou givest sovereignty to whomsoever Thou pleasest; and Thou takest away sovereignty from whomsoever Thou pleasest.Thou exaltest whomsoever Thou pleasest and Thou abasest whomsoever Thou pleasest.In Thy hand is all good.Thou surely hast power to do all things.28.Thou makest the night pass into the day and makest the day pass into the night.And Thou bringest forth the living from the dead and bringest forth the dead from the living.And Thou givest to whomsoever Thou pleasest without measure.191.In the creation of the heavens and the earth and in the alternation of the night and the day there are indeed Signs for men of under-stand- ing.; 192.Those who remember Allah standing, sit- ting, and lying on their sides, and ponder over the creation of the heavens and the earth; and say, “Our Lord, thou hast not created this uni- verse in vain.Holy art Thou; save us then from the punishment of the Fire; 193.‘Our Lord, whomsoever Thou causest to enter the Fire, him Thou hast surely disgraced.And the wrongdoers shall have no helpers; 194.‘Our Lord, we have heard a Crier calling us unto faith, saying , ‘Believe ye in your Lord,’ and we have believed.Our Lord, forgive us, therefore, our sins and remit from us our evils and in death join us with the righteous; Aal-`Imraan, 3:26-28 Aal-`Imraan, 3:191-195 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 67 67 67 67 67 195.‘Our Lord, give us what Thou hast prom- ised to us through Thy Messengers; and disgrace us not on the Day of Resurrection.Surely, Thou breakest not Thy promise.96.Verily, it is Allah Who causes the grain and the date-stones to sprout.He brings forth the living from the dead, and He is the Bringer forth of the dead from the living.That is Allah; where- fore, then, are you turned back ? 97.He causes the break of day and He made the night for rest and the sun and the moon for the reckoning of time.That is the measuring of the Mighty, the Wise.98.And He it is Who has made the stars for you that you may follow the right direction with their help amid the darkness of the land and the sea.We have explained the Signs in detail for a people who possess knowledge.99.And He it is Who has produced you from a single soul and there is for you a temporary resort and a permanent abode.We have ex- plained the Signs in detail for a people who un- derstand.100.And He it is Who sends down water from the cloud; And We bring forth therewith every kind of growth; then We bring forth with that green foliage wherefrom We produce clustered grain.And from the date-palm, out of its sheaths comes forth bunches hanging low.And We pro- duce therewith gardens of grapes, and the olive and the pomegranate — like and unlike.Look at the fruit thereof when it bears fruit, and the ripening thereof.Surely, in this are Signs for a people who believe.101.And they hold the jinn to be partners with Allah, although He created them; and they falsely ascribe to Him sons and daughters with- out any knowledge.Holy is He and exalted far above what they attribute to Him , Al-An`aam, 6:96-101 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 68 68 68 68 68 Al-An`aam, 6:102-109 102.The Originator of the heavens and the earth.How can He have a son when He has no con- sort, and when He has created everything and has knowledge of all things ? 103.Such is Allah, your Lord.There is no god but He, the Creator of all things; so worship Him.and He is the Guardian over everything.104.Eyes cannot reach Him but He reaches the eyes.And He is the incomprehensible, the All- Aware.105.Proofs have indeed come to you from your Lord; so whoever sees, it is for His own good; and whoever becomes blind, it is to his own loss.And I am not a guardian over you.106.And thus do we explain the Signs in vari- ous ways that the truth may become established and that they may say, ‘Thou hast read out what thou hast learnt ’ and that We may explain it to a people who have no knowledge.107.Follow that which has been revealed to thee from thy Lord; there is no god but He; and turn aside from the idolaters.108.And if Allah had enforced His will, they would not have set up gods with Him.And We have not made thee a keeper over them, nor art thou over them a guardian.109.And abuse not those whom they call upon besides Allah, lest they, out of spite, abuse Al- lah in their ignorance.Thus unto every people have We caused their doings to seem fair.Then unto their Lord is their return; And He will in- form them of what they used to do.A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 69 69 69 69 69 67.And surely in the cattle too there is a lesson for you.We provide for you drink out of that which is in their bellies — from betwixt the faeces and the blood - milk pure and pleasant for those who drink it.68.And of the fruits of the date-palms and the grapes, whence you obtain intoxicating drink and wholesome food.Verily in that is a Sign for a people who use their understanding.69.And thy Lord revealed to the bee : ‘Make thou houses in the hills and in the trees and in the trellises which they build, 70.‘Then eat all manner of fruits, and follow the ways taught thee by thy Lord and which have been made easy for thee.’ There comes from their bellies a drink of varying hues.Therein is healing for mankind.Surely, in that is a Sign for a people who reflect.71.And Allah creates you, then He causes you to die; and there are some among you who are driven to the worst state of life with the result that they know nothing after having had knowl- edge.Surely, Allah is All-Knowing, Powerful.An-Nahl, 16:67-71 79.Observe Prayer from the declining and pal- ing of the sun till the darkness of the night, and recite the Qur’an at dawn.Verily, the recitation of the Qur’an at dawn is specially acceptable to Allah.80.And during a part of the night wake up for its recitation — a supererogatory service for thee.It may be that thy Lord will raise thee to an ex- alted station.81.And say, ‘O my Lord, make my entry a good entry and make me go forth a good going forth.And grant me from Thyself a helping power.’ 82.And proclaim: ‘Truth has come and falsehood has vanished.Verily, falsehood is bound to van- ish.’ Banee- Israa’eel, 17:79-85 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 70 70 70 70 70 2.5 83.And We gradually reveal of the Qur’an that which is healing and a mercy to believers; but it only adds to the loss of the wrongdoers.84.And when We bestow favour on man, he turns away and goes aside; and when evil touches him, he gives himself up to despair.85.Say, ‘Everyone acts according to his own way, and your Lord knows well who is best guided.’ 1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Mer- ciful.2.All praise belongs to Allah Who has sent down the Book to His servant, and has not placed therein any crookedness.3.He has made it a guardian, that it may give warning of a severe chastisement from Him, and that it may give the believers, who do good works, the glad tidings that they shall have a goodly reward, 4.Wherein they will abide forever; 5.And that it may warn those who say, ‘Allah has taken unto Himself a son.’ 6.No knowledge have they thereof, nor had their fathers.Monstrous is the word that comes out of their mouths.They speak naught but a lie.7.So it may be, thou wilt grieve thyself to death sorrowing after them if they believe not in this Discourse.8.Verily, We have made all that is on the earth an ornament for it, that We may try them as to which of them is best in conduct.Al-Kahf, 18:1-13 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 71 71 71 71 71 2.5 9.And We shall destroy all that is thereon and make it a barren soil.10.Dost thou think that the Companions of the Cave and the Inscription were a wonder among Our Signs ? 11.When the young men betook themselves to the Cave for refuge they said, ‘Our Lord, bestow on us mercy from Thyself, and fur- nish us with right guidance in our affair.’ 12.So We prevented them from hearing in the Cave for a number of years.13.Then We raised them up that We might know which of the two parties would preserve a better reckoning of the time that they tar- ried.103.Do the disbelievers think that they can take My servants as protectors instead of Me Surely, We have prepared Hell as an enter- tainment for the disbelievers.104.Say, ‘Shall We tell you of those who are the greatest losers in respect of their works? 105.‘Those whose labour is all lost in pur- suit of the life of this world, and yet they imagine that they are doing good works.’ 106.Those are they who deny the Signs of their Lord and the meeting with Him.So their works are vain, and on the Day of Resurrec- tion We shall give them no weight.107.That is their reward — Hell; because they disbelieved, and made a jest of My Signs and My Messengers.108.Surely, those who believe and act righ- teously, will have Gardens of Paradise for an abode, Al-Kahf, 18:103-111 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 72 72 72 72 72 109.Wherein they will abide; having no de- sire to be removed therefrom.110.Say, ‘If every ocean become ink for the words of my Lord, surely, the ocean would be exhausted before the words of my Lord were exhausted, even though We brought the like thereof as further help.’ 111.Say, ‘I am but a man like yourselves; but it is revealed to me that your God is only One God.So let him who hopes to meet his Lord, do good deeds, and let him join no one in the worship of his Lord ’.71.O ye who believe ! fear Allah and say the straightforward word.72.He will set right your actions for you and forgive you your sins.And whoso obeys Al- lah and His Messenger shall, surely, attain a supreme triumph.73.Verily, We have offered the trust of the Divine Law to the heavens and the earth and the mountains, but they refused to bear it and were afraid of it.But man bore it.Indeed, he is capable of being unjust to, and neglectful of, himself.74.The consequence is that Allah will pun- ish hypocritical men and hypocritical women, and idolatrous men and idolatrous women; and Allah turns in Mercy to believing men and believing women; and Allah is Most Forgiv- ing Merciful.Al-Ahzaab, 33:71-74 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 73 73 73 73 73 31.As for those who say, ‘Our Lord is Allah,’ and then remain steadfast, the angels descend on them, reassuring them: ‘Fear not, nor grieve; and rejoice in the glad tidings of the Garden which you were promised; 32.‘We are your friends in this life and in the Hereafter.Therein you will have all that your souls will desire, and therein you will have all that you will ask for — 33.‘An entertainment from the Most For-giv- ing, Merciful God.’ 34.And Who is better in speech than he who invites men to Allah and does righteous deeds and says, ‘I am, surely, of those who submit ? ’ 35.And good and evil are not alike.Repel evil with that which is best.And lo, he, between whom and thyself was enmity, will become as though he were a warm friend.36.But none is granted it save those who are steadfast; and none is granted it save those who possess a large share of good.37.And if an incitement from Satan incite thee, then seek refuge in Allah.Surely, He is the All- Hearing, the All-Knowing.Haa Meem Sajdah, 41:31-37 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 74 74 74 74 74 2.5 19.O ye who believe ! be mindful of your duty to Allah and let every soul look to what it sends forth for the morrow.And fear Allah, verily, Al- lah is Well-Aware of what you do.20.And be not like those who forgot Allah, so He caused them to forget their own souls.It is they that are the transgressors.21.The inmates of the Fire and the inmates of the Garden are not equal.It is the inmates of the Garden that are the triumphant.22.If We had sent down this Qur’an on a moun- tain, thou wouldst, certainly, have seen it humbled and rent asunder for fear of Allah.And these are similitudes that We set forth for man- kind that they may reflect.23.He is Allah and there is no god beside Him, the Knower of the unseen and the seen.He is the Gracious, the Merciful.24.He is Allah and there is no god beside Him, the Sovereign, the Holy One, the Source of peace, the Bestower of security, the Protector, the Mighty, the Subduer, the Exalted.Holy is Allah, far above that which they associate with Him.25.He is Allah, the Creator, the Maker, the Fashioner.His are the most beautiful names.All that is in the heavens and the earth glorifies Him, and He is the Mighty, the Wise.10.O ye who believe ! let not your wealth and your children divert you from the remembrance of Allah.And whoever does so — it is they who are the losers.Al- Hashr, 59:19-25 Al- Munaafiqoon, 63:10-12 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 75 75 75 75 75 2.5 11.And spend out of that which We have given you before death comes upon one of you and he says, ‘My Lord ! if only Thou wouldst re- spite me for a little while, then I would give alms and be among the righteous.’ 12.And Allah will not grant respite to a soul when its appointed time has come; and Allah is Well-Aware of what you do.1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Mer- ciful.2.Blessed is He in Whose hand is the King- dom, and He has power over all things; 3.Who has created death and life that He might try you — which of you is best in deeds; and He is the Mighty, the Most Forgiving ; 4.Who has created seven heavens in harmony.No incongruity canst thou see in the creation of the Gracious God.Then look again.Seest thou any flaw ? 5.Aye, look again, and yet again, thy sight will only return unto thee confused and fatigued, having seen no incongruity.1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Mer- ciful.2.By the heaven and the Morning Star — 3.And what should make thee know what the Morning Star is ? Al- Mulk 67:1-5 At-Taariq Chapt.86 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 76 76 76 76 76 2.5 4.It is the star of piercing brightness — 5.There is not a soul but has a guardian over it.6.So let man consider of what he is created.7.He is created of a gushing fluid, 8.Which issues forth from between the loins and the breastbones.9.Surely, Allah has the power to bring him back to life , 10.On the day when secrets shall be disclosed.11.And he shall have no strength and no helper.12.By the cloud which gives rain repeatedly, 13.And by the earth which opens out with herb- age.14.Surely, the Qur’an is a decisive word.15.And it is not a vain talk.16.Surely, they plan a plan, 17.And I also plan a plan.18.So give respite to the disbelievers.Aye re- spite them for a little while.1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Mer- ciful.2.Glorify the name of thy Lord, the Most High, 3.Who creates man and perfects him.4.And Who determines his capacities and fur- nishes him with appropriate guidance.5.And Who brings forth the pasturage, 6.Then turns it into black stubble.Al-A`laa Chapt.87 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 77 77 77 77 77 2.5 11.He who fears will heed; 12.But the most wretched will turn aside from it, 13.He who will enter the great Fire.14.Then he will neither die therein nor live.15.Verily, he, indeed, will prosper who puri- fies himself, 16.And remembers the name of his Lord and offer Prayers.17.But you prefer the life of this world, 18.Whereas the Hereafter is better and more lasting.19.This, indeed, is what is taught in the former Scriptures — 20.The Scriptures of Abraham and Moses.1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Mer- ciful.2.Has there come to thee the news of the over- whelming calamity ? 3.Some faces on that day will be downcast; 4.Toiling, weary.5.They shall enter a blazing Fire, 6.And will be made to drink from a boiling spring.7.We shall teach thee the Qur’an and thou shalt not forget it, 8.Except as what Allah wills.Surely, He knows what is manifest and what is hidden.9.And We shall provide thee with every facil- ity.10.So keep on admonishing people.Surely, admonition is, indeed, profitable.Al-Ghaashiah Chapt.88 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 78 78 78 78 78 2.5 7.They will have no food save that of dry, bitter and thorny herbage, 8.Which will neither nourish nor satisfy hunger.9.And some faces on that day will be joyful; 10.Well-pleased with their past striving, 11.In a lofty Garden, 12.Wherein thou wilt hear no vain talk.13.Therein is a running spring, 14.Therein are raised couches, 15.And goblets properly placed, 16.And cushions beautifully ranged in rows, 17.And carpets tastefully spread.18.Do they not then look at the camels, how they are created ? 19.And at the heaven, how it is raised high ? 20.And at the mountains, how they are fixed ? 21.And at the earth, how it is spread out ? 22.Admonish, therefore, for thou art but an admonisher; 23.Thou art not appointed a keeper over them.24.But whoever turns away and disbelieves, 25.Allah will punish him with the greatest pun- ishment.26.Unto Us, surely, is their return.27.Then, surely, it is for Us to call them to ac- count.A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 79 79 79 79 79 2.5 1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Mer- ciful.2.By the brightness of the forenoon, 3.And by the night when its darkness spreads out, 4.Thy Lord has not forsaken thee, nor is He displeased with thee.5.Surely, thy latter state is better for thee than the former, 6.And thy Lord will soon give thee, and thou wilt be well-pleased.7.Did He not find thee an orphan and take thee under His care, 8.And found thee lost in love for thy people and provided thee with guidance for them , 9.And found thee in want and enriched thee? 10.So the orphan, oppress not, 11.And him, who seeks thy help , chide not, 12.And the bounty of thy Lord, proclaim.1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.2.Have We not opened for thee thy bosom, 3.And removed from thee thy burden, 4.Which had well-nigh broken thy back ? 5.And we have exalted thy name 6.Surely, there is ease after hardship.7.Aye , surely, there is ease after hardship.8.So when thou art free from thy immediate task , strive hard, 9.And to thy Lord do thou turn with full attention.Ad-Duhaa Chapt.93 Al-Inshiraah Chapt.94 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 80 80 80 80 80 2.5 1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.2.By the Fig and the Olive, 3.And Mount Sinai, 4.And this Town of Security, 5.Surely, We have created man in the best make; 6.Then, if he does evil deeds , We degrade him as the lowest of the low, 7.Save those who believe and do good works; so for them is an unfailing reward.8.Then what is there to give the lie to thee after this , with regard to the judgment ? 9.Is not Allah the Most Just of judges ? 1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Meriful.2.Surely, We sent it down during the Night of Decree.3.And what shall make thee know what the Night of Decree is ? 4.The Night of Decree is better than a thou- sand months.5.Therein descend angels and the Spirit by the command of their Lord with Divine decree concerning every matter.6.It is all peace till the rising of the dawn.At-Teen Chapt.95 Al-Qadr Chapt.97 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 81 81 81 81 81 2.5 1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Mer- ciful.2.When the earth is shaken with her violent shaking, 3.And the earth throws up her burdens, 4.And man says, ‘What is the matter with her ?’ 5.On that day will she tell her news, 6.For, thy Lord will have commanded her.7.On that day will men issue forth in scat-tered groups that they may be shown the results of their works.8.Then whoso does an atom’s weight of good will see it, 9.And whoso does an atom’s weight of evil will also see it, 1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Mer- ciful.2.The Great Calamity ! 3.What is the great calamity ? 4.And what should make thee know what the Great Calamity is ? 5.The day when men will be like scattered moths, 6.And the mountains will be like carded wool.7.Then, as for him whose scales are heavy, 8.He will have a pleasant life.9.But as for him whose scales are light, 10.Hell will be a nursing mother to him.11.And what should make thee know what that is ? 12.It is a blazing Fire.Az-Zilzaal Chapt.99 Al-Qaari`ah Chapt.101 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 82 82 82 82 82 2.5 1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Mer- ciful.2.Mutual rivalry in seeking increase in worldly possessions diverts you from God, 3.Till you reach the graves.4.Nay ! you will soon come to know the Truth.5.Nay again ! you will soon come to know.6.Nay ! if you only knew with certain knowl- edge; 7.You will surely see Hell in this very life.8.Aye, you will surely see it with the eye of certainty Hereafter.9.Then, on that day you shall be called to ac- count for the favours bestowed upon you.1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Mer- ciful.2.By the Time, 3.Surely, man is ever in a state of loss, 4.Except those who believe and do righteous deeds, and exhort one another to preach Truth, and exhort one another to be steadfast.1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Mer- ciful.2.Woe to every backbiter, slanderer, 3.Who amasses wealth and counts it over and over.4.He thinks that his wealth will make him im- mortal.At-Takaathur Chapt.102 Al-`Asr Chapt.103 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 Al-Humazah Chapt.104

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 83 83 83 83 83 2.5 5.Nay ! he shall, surely, be cast into the crush- ing torment.6.And what should make thee know what the crushing torment is ? 7.It is Allah’s kindled fire, 8.Which rises over the hearts.9.It will be closed in on them 10.In outstretched columns.1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Mer- ciful.2.Knowest thou not how thy Lord dealt with the Owners of the Elephant ? 3.Did He not cause their design to miscarry ? 4.And He sent against them swarm of birds, 5.Which ate their dead bodies , striking them against stones of clay.6.And thus made them like broken straw, eaten up.1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Mer- ciful.2.Thy Lord destroyed the Owners of the El- ephant in order to attach the hearts of the Quraish — 3.To make them attached to their journeys in winter and summer.4.So they should worship the Lord of this House, 5.Who has fed them against hunger, and has given them security against fear.Al-Feel Chapt.105 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS Al-Quraish Chapt.106

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 84 84 84 84 84 2.5 1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.2.Hast thou seen him who denies the Judg- ment ? 3.That is he who drives away the orphan, 4.And urges not the feeding of the poor.5.So woe to those who pray, 6.But are unmindful of their Prayer.7.They like only to be seen of men , 8.And withhold legal alms.1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Mer- ciful.2.Surely, We have bestowed upon thee abun- dance of good ; 3.So pray to thy Lord, and offer sacrifice.4.Surely, it is thy enemy who shall be without issue.1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Mer- ciful.2.Say, ‘O ye disbelievers ! 3.‘I worship not as you worship, 4.‘Nor do you worship as I worship.5.‘Nor do I worship those that you worship, 6.‘Nor do you worship Him Whom I worship.7.‘For you your religion, and for me my reli- gion.’ Al-Maa`oon Chapt.107 Al-Kauthar Chapt.108 Al-Kaafiroon Chapt.109 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 85 85 85 85 85 2.5 1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Mer- ciful.2.When the help of Allah comes and the Vic- tory, 3.And thou seest men entering the religion of Allah in troops, 4.Glorify thy Lord with His praise and seek His forgiveness.Surely He is Oft-returning with mercy.1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Mer- ciful.2.Perish the two hands of Abu Lahab, and per- ish he ! 3.His wealth and what he has earned shall avail him naught, 4.Soon shall he burn in a flaming fire; 5.And his wife, too , bearer of slander, 6.Round her neck shall be a halter of twisted palm-fibre.1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Mer- ciful.2.Say ‘He is Allah, the One ! 3.‘Allah the Independent and Besought of all.4.‘He begets not, nor, is He begotten, 5.And there is none like unto Him.An-Nasr Chapt.110 Al-Lahab Chapt.111 Al-Ikhlaas Chapt.112 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 86 86 86 86 86 2.5 1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Mer- ciful.2.Say, ‘I seek refuge in the Lord of the dawn, 3.‘From the evil of that which He has created, 4.‘And from the evil of darkness when it over- spreads, 5.‘And from the evil of those who blow upon the knots of mutual relationships to undo them, 6.‘And from the evil of the envier when he en- vies.’ 1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Mer- ciful.2.Say, ‘I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind, 3.‘The King of mankind, 4.‘The God of mankind, 5.‘From the evil whisperings of the sneaking whisperer; 6.Who whispers into the hearts of men, 7.‘From among jinn and men.’ Al-Falaq Chapt.113 An-Naas Chapt.114 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 87 87 87 87 87 Poem about the Holy Qur’an — by the Promised Messiah as 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN — — — — — S S S S S ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED ELECTED S S S S S URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS URAHS

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B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 88 88 88 88 88 A A A A A LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH LLAH AND AND AND AND AND THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN The Holy Qur’an - Fountain-head of Bliss The Promised Messiah as writes: ‘You should remember that the Holy Quran is the fountain- head of all real bliss and true means of salvation.Of course those who do not follow the teachings of the Holy Quran are themselves to be blamed.One section constitute the people who do not have faith in this Book and do not believe that this is the word of God.These people are indeed far drawn away from it.But as for those who believe it to be the word of God and the means of salvation, if they do not act upon it, it would be certainly a matter of great grief.Lot of those are there who have not read this book at all.The people who fall in this cat- egory and are ignorant and negligent are like the man who knows that at such and such a fountain he would find pure sweet and cold water and this water would cure many a dis- ease.Though he is quite certain of the truth of this fact and he is at the same time thirsty and afflicted with various diseases, yet he does not approach that fountain; how unfortunate would that person be and how ignorant as well.Such a person should have put his lips on the fountain and drank to his fill.But he remains away from it as if he does not know anything about it - and he stays away from it till death overtakes him.’...(Malfoozat vol.7, p.18)

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89 89 89 89 89 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION P P P P Part 3 art 3 art 3 art 3 art 3  1: Introduction to Ahadith 2: Forty Ahadith with Commentary 3: Forty Ahadith without Commentary By: Dr.Saleemur Rahman Sheikh Abdul Hadi Selected Sayings Selected Sayings Selected Sayings Selected Sayings Selected Sayings (Ahadith) (Ahadith) (Ahadith) (Ahadith) (Ahadith) of the of the of the of the of the Hol Hol Hol Hol Holy Pr y Pr y Pr y Pr y Prophet ophet ophet ophet ophet sa sa sa sa sa 89 89 89 89 89

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90 90 90 90 90 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Importance of Memorizing at least Forty Ahadith : The Holy Prophet sa says: Whosoever memorizes at least forty of my Ahadith , for the welfare and reformation of my people, Allah the Ex- alted will raise him up as a jurist and religious divine on the day of resurrection, and I will be his intercessor with Allah and a witness to his faith.(Baihiqi)

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91 91 91 91 91 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Definition of Hadith Intr Intr Intr Intr Introduction to oduction to oduction to oduction to oduction to Ahadith Ahadith Ahadith Ahadith Ahadith Hadith is an Arabic word (its plural is Ahadith ).The word Hadith means ‘a new statement, or a statement that is put in a new way’.Since the speech of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa always contained new and wonderful truths and valuable ideas, it has been termed Hadith.Thus Hadith means (i) the words actually spoken by the Holy Prophet sa , or (ii) words that describe an observed incident related to the Holy Prophet sa ’s life.The Ahadith were narrated by the companions of the Holy Prophet sa and Muslim narrators.Their compilation started about 100 years after Hijrah and it continued during a period of about 200 years, i.e., up to about 300 Hijrah.If a Hadith does not conflict with a verse of the Holy Qur’an, or with a more reliable Hadith, it is the duty of every Muslim to accept it as true and act upon it throughout one’s life.This is so because the Holy Qur'an (3:133) commands us: ‘Obey Allah and the Prophet’.Unfortunately, some Muslim sects do not give it the importance it deserves.The Promised Messiah as writes, in his famous book ‘ Kashti-e Nooh ’: ‘..After the Holy Qur’an, the greatest blessing the Muslims have received is the Sunnah.’ No doubt, the Holy Qur’an is the revealed word of God and contains broad principles of guidance for mankind.The Sunnah , on the other hand, is the practical example of the Holy Prophet sa that demonstrates the Qur’anic principles.Hence the Holy Prophet sa transformed into action the word of Allah by his Sunnah and thus it provides a simple solution of complex problems.The Hadith is the spoken word of the Holy Prophet sa and serves as a supporting witness for Sunnah.The Hadith, however, is important as it is a Importance of Ahadith Explanatory position of Sunnah and supportive Position of Hadith 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 A A A A A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH — I — I — I — I — I NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION TO TO TO TO TO A A A A A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH

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92 92 92 92 92 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION great historical, literary and spiritual treasure.In conclusion, the Holy Qur’an is the revealed word of Allah, while the Sunnah is the practical example of the Holy Prophet sa and the Hadith, a supporting witness for the Sunnah.There is a large number of books on Hadith, but six of these are consid- ered very reliable and treated as standard works.These are known as Sihhaah Sittah (The Six Authentic Ones).Here is a brief introduction to these books: This book is considered to be the most authentic book after the Holy Qur’an.Its compiler is Muhammad Isma`eel of Bukhara, commonly known as Imam Bukhari.( 194- 256 A.H; 816-878 A.D.) Considered second in importance is Saheeh Muslim.This was compiled by Muslim bin Al-Hajjaj who was a native of Neshapur in Khorasan.( 202-.261 A.H; 824-883 A.D.) Third in order is Jami` Al-Tirmidhi.The compiler, Imam Muhammad bin `Eesa was a native of Tirmidh.(209-279 A.H: 831-901 A.D.) Next is Sunan Abu Dawood, compiled by Sulaiman bin Al-Ashah, known as Abu Dawood.( 202-275 A.H: 24-897 A.D.) Considered fifth in the degree of authenticity is Sunan ibn Majah.It was compiled by Muhammad bin Majah who was from the famous city of Qizwin in Iraq.(209-275 A.H: 831-897 A.D.) The sixth book is Sunan Nisai.It was compiled by Ahmad bin Shu`aib , known as ‘Nisai’ after the city of Nisa in Khorasan.(215-306 A.H; 837- 928 A.D.) Besides the Sihhaah Sittah (The Six Authentic Ones), there is another very important compilation of Traditions known as Mu'atta Imam Malik.The compiler, Malik bin Anas, is commonly known as Imam Malik.Standard Works of Ahadith Saheeh Bukhari Saheeh Muslim Jami` al-Tirmidhi Sunan Abu Dawood Sunan Ibn Majah Sunan Nisa’ee Mu'atta Imam Malik A A A A A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH — I — I — I — I — I NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION TO TO TO TO TO A A A A A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1

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93 93 93 93 93 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 1.Importance of Sadaqah Ittaqun-naara walau bishikki tamratin.fa-mal lam ya-jid fa-bi- kalima-tin tayyiba-tin Save yourself from the Fire, even if it is by offering a frag- ment of a date (as Sadaqah ), and for the one who does not even have that much, by saying a kind word.( Bukhari-Kitab-ul-Adab ) There are several ways of spending one’s wealth in the cause of Allah.Sadaqah is one such way.This Hadith signifies that even a minor quantity of Sadaqah may save its donor from the hardships of this world as well as from the Hell in the Hereafter.Let it be clear that Sadaqah means helping the needy voluntarily, to win Allah’s plea- sure.It must be given out of one’s lawfully earned wealth and, in no case, should its recipient be put under any obligation or re- proach.(Al-Qur’an 2:263, 2:265).In case monetary help is not needed, or one cannot afford to spare money for Sadaqah , a word of goodness, a piece of useful ad- vice or consoling a distressed person, are all acts that can also be called Sadaqah.( Al-Qur’an 2:264, Hadith No.21).F F F F For or or or orty ty ty ty ty Ahadith Ahadith Ahadith Ahadith Ahadith (with Commentar (with Commentar (with Commentar (with Commentar (with Commentary) y) y) y) y) 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 A A A A A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH — A — A — A — A — A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH WITH WITH WITH WITH WITH C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y

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94 94 94 94 94 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 2.A Little but Sufficient Ma qalla wa kafaa khairum- mimmaa kathura wa alhaa.A little that suffices one’s need is better than plenty that makes him forgetful (of Allah) ( Chehl Ahadith ) This short Hadith urges us to adopt the virtues of simple life and contentment, and to leave the bad habit of extravagance.If one raises his standard of living and his needs beyond reasonable limits, one is en- tangled in an endless cycle of excessive spending and pursuit for even more income.In view of the above, one cannot fulfil one’s duties towards Allah, nor can one attend to his wife and children.Another Hadith deals with the same subject: “A simple way of life is part of Faith.” The Holy Qur’an repeatedly urges us not to be extravagant (7:32, 17:28).3.Think before You Speak Al-balaa'u mu-akkalum-bil- mantiqi Speaking (without thinking) leads to trouble ( Chehl Ahadith ) One has no control over the good or bad effects of his words once these have been uttered.It is, therefore, advisable to think before speaking.Moreover, brief and gra- cious speech considerably covers the bad A A A A A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH — A — A — A — A — A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH WITH WITH WITH WITH WITH C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

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95 95 95 95 95 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION effects due to any shortcomings that may be present in the speech.Another Hadith on the subject states: ‘Modesty and brev- ity of speech are two characteristics of faith.’ The Holy Qur'an advises: ‘Speak graciously to the people’ (2:84).4.Taking back a Gift Ar-raaji`u fee hibati-hee kar- raaji`ifee qai'ee-hee The man who takes back his gift is like the one who licks his own vomit ( Muslim ) Exchanging gifts is a means of enhancing mutual affection.An attempt to withdraw a gift, once it is given, shows extreme nar- row-mindedness and miserliness.Thus, love may turn into hatred.That is why the Holy Qur'an prohibits such an action.(57:25).In another place, The Holy Qur’an(4:21) advises not to take back even a valuable asset that had been given to one’s former wife.5.Love for the Holy Prophet sa Laa yu’minu ahadu-kum hattaa akoona ahabba ilai-hi min- waalidi-hee wa waladi-hee wannaasi ajma`een.None of you can be a true believer unless he loves me more than his parents, children, and all the people combined.( Bukhari, Vol.I, Kitabul Eeman ) 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y

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96 96 96 96 96 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The Holy Prophet sa is the greatest benefac- tor of humanity as he established a perma- nent system for our spiritual well-being.We all, in turn, should love him far more than our parents, children and friends ( 9:24).It is important to note that our love for the Holy Prophet sa is to our own benefit; it would in turn generate Divine love for us, thus opening the doors of unlimited spiritual progress for the believers (3:32, 4:70).A living example of this fact is found in the person of the Promised Messiah as who, ac- cording to his own statement, attained his grand status of the Promised Messiah solely due to his immense love for the Holy Prophet sa.(Roohani Khazaa’in, Vol.1, Braheen-i- Ahmadiyya, p.598) 6.Kindness to Younger Ones and Respect for Elders Mallam yarham sagheera-naa wa lam ya`rif haqqa kabeeri-naa fa- laisa minnaa He who is not kind to our younger ones and does not recognize the right of our elders, is not from among us (Abu-Dawood) A A A A A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH — A — A — A — A — A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH WITH WITH WITH WITH WITH C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

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97 97 97 97 97 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION According to this Hadith : our elders must treat their youngers with kindness and due regard instead of looking down upon them.Similarly, our younger ones must show due respect and regard to their elders.One should understand that the Arabic words ‘ Sagheer ’ and ‘ Kabeer ’ used in this Hadith , apply to all types of junior and se- nior persons or groups: this may be in rela- tion to age, kinship, office, prestige or wealth.The Qur’an stresses this point and forbids any group of society to look down upon another one.For, haply the other group may become better than the first one (49:12).Also, the most honourable among us is he, who is the most righteous (49:14).In short, if all human beings follow this valu- able advice, it will eliminate class-struggle from every society and bring about peace.That is why, our beloved Prophet sa says that the one, who does not follow this advice, is not from among us.( Adapted from ' Forty Gems of Beauty ) 7.Importance of Motives Innamal a`maalu binniyyaati wa innamaa li-kullim-ri-in maa na- waa Deeds are judged by motives, and everyone is rewarded according to his motives.( Bukhari-Kitab Fazz’ilul Qur’an ) 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y

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98 98 98 98 98 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The Holy Qur’an (3:30) warns mankind that Allah knows well what people keep hidden in their thoughts and whatever is in their minds.So, God is well-aware of our real motives behind our actions, even though we may hide them from other people.Simi- larly, the Holy Qur’an (22:38) says, regard- ing the sacrifice of animals: “their flesh reaches not Allah, nor their blood, but it is your righteousness that reaches Him.” 8.Learning and Teaching of the Holy Qur’an Khairu-kum man ta`allamal Qur'aana wa `allamahoo The best among you is the one who learns the Qur’an and teaches it.( Bukhari, Kitab Faza’ilul Qur’an ) The Holy Qur’an (2:130) informs us about the prayer of prophets Ibraheem as and Isma’eel as , as they erected the Ka`bah , when they prayed to God to send a prophet who would recite God’s words to His people and “would teach them the Book and wisdom.” This prayer was fulfilled with the advent of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa , who taught the best moral values and wisdom through the Holy Qur'an.Learning the Holy Qur'an and A A A A A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH — A — A — A — A — A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH WITH WITH WITH WITH WITH C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

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99 99 99 99 99 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION teaching it to the others is, therefore, a superb way of following the Holy Prophet sa.In another Hadith ( Muslim ), the Holy Prophet said: ‘ Keep reading the Qur’an for it will intercede for its readers on the Day of Judgment.’ 9.Seeking of Knowledge Talabul `ilmi fareezatun `alaa kulli Muslimin-wa Muslimatin Seeking of knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim man and woman.( Baihiqi ) This Hadith is a proof of Islam’s equal treatment of men and women in matters of learning and acquisition of knowledge.The Holy Qur'an (39:10) asks, “Can those who know, be like those who know not?” When the revelation of the Holy Qur’an to the Holy Prophet sa started, God Almighty urged the acquisition of knowledge (96:46).The Holy Prophet sa has been taught the fol- lowing Qur'anic prayer (20:115): “Say: O My Lord, increase me in my knowledge.” (also, Part 4).This prayer also fully demon- strates the importance of the pursuit of knowledge.Therefore, it is obligatory upon every Mus- lim man and woman to try to achieve an outstanding position in the fields of both secular and religious knowledge, through hard labour and this Qur'anic prayer.3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y

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100 100 100 100 100 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 10.Against Hearsay Laisal khabaru kal mu`aaianati Hearsay is not like seeing ( Ahmed Bin Hunbal ) Believing in rumours, and using them as a basis of one’s actions, is the cause of much trouble in the world.The Holy Qur’an (49:7) says: “O ye who believe! if an unrighteous person brings you any news, ascertain the correctness of report fully, lest you harm a people in ignorance, and then become re- pentant for what you have done.” Al- though Islam emphasizes the need for in- vestigation and observation for the purpose of confirmation, Muslims are not allowed to follow the dictates of needless curiosity, for it causes mischief (49:13).11.High Status of Mothers Al-jannatu tahta aqdaamil- ummahaati Paradise is under the feet of mothers ( Sunan Nisaie ).Mothers have such a tremendous influence on the upbringing of their children that a good training by mothers can turn out the chil- dren to be pious and God-fearing individu- als who will enter Paradise.The opposite is true if a mother’s neglect in the upbringing of her children lets them degenerate into sin- ners.Secondly, this Hadith may be taken to imply that one can render such service to one’s mother, and please God so much, as to become worthy of Paradise.A A A A A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH — A — A — A — A — A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH WITH WITH WITH WITH WITH C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

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101 101 101 101 101 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 12.Against Backbiting Al gheebatu ashaddu minal qatli Backbiting is worse than killing Backbiting means speaking ill of someone who is absent and, therefore, unable to de- fend himself against what is being said about him.The Holy Qur'an (49:13) prohibits backbiting, and equates it with the incon- ceivably vile act of eating the flesh of one’s dead brother.It is obvious that one would be extremely repelled at the mere thought of it.13.Persistence in Prayer Tark-uddu`aa’i ma`si-yatun It is a sin to abandon praying.The Holy Qur'an (25:78) says, “Say to the disbelievers: What would my Lord care for you, were it not for your prayers.” It is obvious, therefore, that mankind is con- stantly in need of praying to God.There is no substitute for that.The Holy Qur'an (19:66) says, “So worship Him alone and be steadfast in His service.” 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y

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102 102 102 102 102 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 14.Criteria of a True Muslim Al-muslimu man salimal muslimoona milli-saani-hee wa yadi-hee A (true) Muslim is he who keeps protected other Muslims from his tongue and hands ( Bukhari, Kitabul Eeman ) To keep protected another Muslim from one’s tongue, implies abstaining from his backbiting, or accusing him unjustly, or abusing him.To keep protected another Muslim from one’s hand, also implies abstaining from causing any physical injury to him.Ahadith No.3, No.12 and No.27 deal with the same issues.15.Criteria of a True Believer Laa yu`minu ahadu-kum hattaa yu-hibba li-akheehi maa yu-hibbu li-nafsi-hee None among you is a true believer unless he likes for his brother (in faith) what he likes for himself.( Bukhari, Kitabul Eeman ) It is human nature not to desire anything bad for oneself.The point of this Hadith is that if a believer starts to like only that for others which he would have liked for him- self then, in fact, he would like only good for his brothers in faith.This will guarantee A A A A A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH — A — A — A — A — A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH WITH WITH WITH WITH WITH C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

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103 103 103 103 103 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION a true brotherhood to prevail among the believers, so they are tender among them- selves as described in the Holy Qur'an (48:30).16.Repentance from Sins Attaa-’ibu minaz-zambi ka-mallaa zamba lahoo A man who sincerely repents for his sins is like one who has never sinned.( Ibni Maja, Kitabuz Zuhd ) The Holy Qur'an says (2:161) that if a sin- ner truly repents and takes active steps to make amends, and does righteous deeds (25:71) along with repentance, his repen- tance is mercifully accepted by Allah, and his sins are eliminated (25:72).However, the time for repentance is only during one’s lifetime, and repentance shown at the time of one’s death is not acceptable (4:19).17.Treatment of your Children Ak-rimoo aulaada-kum wa- ahsinoo adaba-hum Respect your children and cul- tivate good manners in them ( Ibn Majah ) 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y

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104 104 104 104 104 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The Holy Qur'an has commanded parents to treat their children respectfully, by not failing to spend on their proper education and training, and teaching them good moral qualities, so that they may grow up to be- come confident and productive members of society.Parents who do not respect their children and do not spend on their proper educa- tion may contribute to the moral death of their children as mentioned in the the Holy Qur’an: “Slay not your children” (6:152, 17:32).18.Know your own Worth Maa halakam-ra’un `arafa qad- rahoo He who knows his own worth, will never perish (Chehl Ahadith).According to the Holy Qur'an (95:5) hu- man beings have been created in the best mould.Allah has bestowed upon mankind many faculties and attributes, which can be used to attain unlimited progress (15:29-30).Mankind is the “be all and end all” of all creation in this universe.So, mankind must realize its true impor- tance, worth, and the purpose of its cre- ation, i.e., worship of Allah (51:57, 1:5).This will enable mankind to achieve this purpose and please the Creator (i.e., Allah) A A A A A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH — A — A — A — A — A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH WITH WITH WITH WITH WITH C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

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105 105 105 105 105 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 19.The Best Action A-habbul a`maali ilAllahi adwamu-haa wa in qalla.The best action in the sight of Allah is that which is done with regularity, even if it is small.No act of virtue is too small or insignificant to be disregarded.A good deed, no matter how small it may seem, if it is done persis- tently it brings about a noble transforma- tion in a person.The Holy Qur'an (13:23, 41:33) requires us to show perseverance in performing good deeds.20.Two Valuable Expressions Kalima-taani habeeba-taani ilar- Rahmaani, khafifa-taani `al- allisaani, thaqeela-taani fil- meezaani: subhaan-Allahi wa bi- hamdi-hee, subhaan-Allahil- azeemi There are two expressions which are very dear to Allah, the Gracious.They are light on the tongue (easy to say), but are very heavy in the scales (of Allah).Those are: “Holy is Allah and worthy of all praise; Holy is Allah, the Great.” (Bukhari) 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y

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106 106 106 106 106 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The previous Hadith (No.19) states that a seemingly minor act of virtue must not be abandoned.In the current Hadith , two statements regarding the praise and glorifi- cation of Allah are given.These seem to be short sentences, but these are very substan- tive in the sight of Allah.The Holy Qur’an (17:45, 24:42 and 50:40-41) further explains the subject of praising Allah.In 1880, The Promised Messiah as , was taught by God, a revealed prayer contain- ing the above two expressions and a third one: “O Allah bless Muhammad and his people.” He recovered from a very seri- ous illness as a result of this prayer (see prayer No.2, Part 4.4).21.A Word of Goodness Al-kalimatut-tayyibatu sadaqa-tun A word of goodness is an act of charity (Bukhari) If you tell someone about an act of virtue and persuade him to do so, and then if he reforms himself and performs a good deed, you too will share in an equal reward.So, saying something virtuous to someone, and for him to act upon it, is like performing that virtuous act yourself.The Holy Quran (2:264) further expands on this concept: “A kind word and forgive- ness is better than Sadaqah (charity) fol- lowed by injury.” (Also, see Hadith No.1) A A A A A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH — A — A — A — A — A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH WITH WITH WITH WITH WITH C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

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107 107 107 107 107 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 22.Control over Anger Laisash-shadeedu bis-sur`ati, inna-mash-shadeedul-lazi yamliku nafsa-hoo ‘indal-ghazabi The strong person is not he who defeats others in wrestling.The strong person is he who has full control over himself during his anger ( Bukhari--Kitabul Adab ) As one’s ego constantly incites one to do evil deeds, one’s real jihad is with one’s own self.Anger leads to extreme behaviour and deprives one of the chance to have a balanced conduct which is a characteristic of a true believer.The Holy Qur'an (3:135) describes the God-fearing people as those who suppress their anger and forgive oth- ers.So, one’s true strength is revealed only when one succeeds in suppressing one’s rage and does not behave in an extreme manner.23.Allah Looks at Your Hearts Inn-Allaha laa yanzuru ilaa aj- saami-kum wa laa ilaa suwari- kum wa laa-kin yanzuru ilaa qu- loobi-kum Allah does not look upon your bodies and your outward appearance but He looks at your hearts (Muslim).3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y

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108 108 108 108 108 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION We go to all lengths to beautify ourselves and make our physical appearance attrac- tive to other human beings.Human beings can, at best, be judges of superficial beauty, as they cannot look into the beauty and purity of someone’s heart.God, however, is not impressed by our physical attractive- ness, or lack of it: God is fully aware of what we have in the depths of our hearts, and appreciates the genuineness of our intentions and motives.A similar concept was presented in Hadith No.7: "Deeds are judged by motives”.24.Three Characteristics of a Hypocrite Aaya-tul munaa-fiqi thalaa-thun: izaa had-datha kazaba wa izaa wa`ada akh-lafa wa iza’tumina khaana A hypocrite has three charac- teristics: When he speaks, he tells a lie; when he makes a promise, he breaks it; and when entrusted (with something), he violates the trust (Bukhari) Three vices are inter-related: telling lies, not keeping one’s promises, and not honouring the trust that is given to one.Telling lies is the root of all these vices.A hypocrite, by definition, is a person who feels one thing A A A A A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH — A — A — A — A — A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH WITH WITH WITH WITH WITH C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

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109 109 109 109 109 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION in his heart but allows his tongue to say quite the opposite — and this is the es- sence of lying.Since a hypocrite is a habitual liar, when he makes a promise, he is simply lying about it, and has no intention of keeping it.Simi- larly, when he undertakes to keep someone’s secret, or something precious with him for safekeeping, he is just lying about it, too.The Holy Qur'an (22:31, 2:178, 17:35 and (23:9) commands us to avoid these sins.25.Allah’s Help Allah-hu fee `aunil`abdi maa kaanal `abdu fee`auni akhee-hi.God helps a person who helps his brother (in mankind) (Bukhari; Muslim Kitabuz Zikr) The Holy Qur’an (5:3) commands us to help one another in acts of righteousness and piety, and prohibits us from helping one another in matters of sin or in commit- ting excesses against others.If adopted, this golden principle would win a twofold re- ward: i.helping one’s fellow human beings in righteous deeds would make one righ- teous too, and ii.one would be fulfilling one’s duty towards them.The Qur'an (45:20 and 7:129) tells us that only the righteous receive God’s help and only they prosper.3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y

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110 110 110 110 110 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 26.A Muslim is a Mirror Al-muslimu mir’aa-tul muslimi A Muslim is a mirror of another Muslim (Bukhari) Hazrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh in his address, Jalsa Salana Canada on July 7, 1991, (Ahmadiyya Gazette Nov.1991), said: “A mirror always provide the true image of a person who chooses to consult it, high- lighting all the details of his beauty or ugli- ness.He would receive this message with- out any negative reaction against the mir- ror, because the message is based on truth, honesty and secrecy.He would rather be grateful to the discretion mirror if it was a living thing.“This is exactly how the believers should reform a society, by inviting people to goodness and preventing them from fol- lowing evil things.If da`een il-Allah (call- ers to the path of Allah) makes use of this golden rule, he will begin to attract people to the path of Allah.” ( Al-Qur'an 3:105, 3:111) 27.Abuse is a Sin Sibaab-ul muslimi fusooqun Abuse by (or of) a Muslim is an evil (Bukhari) A A A A A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH — A — A — A — A — A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH WITH WITH WITH WITH WITH C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

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111 111 111 111 111 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Hadith No.14 above, has defined a Mus- lim to be one whose tongue and hands do not lash out against other Muslims.The tongue is mentioned first, because it is easier to use foul language against someone be- fore one considers hitting him with the hand.Hadith No.22 has emphasized the need to suppress one’s anger.So, a true Muslim is one who keeps his temper under control and restrains his language and his hands in times of anger.The Holy Qur'an (6:109) prohibits the Mus- lims to abuse even the false gods of the idolators.28.Etiquette of Eating Yaa ghulaamu samm-Illaha (ta- `aalaa) wa kul bi-yameeni-ka wa kul mimmaa yaleeka Listen my child! Say the name of Allah, eat with your right hand, and eat from that which is in front of you (Bukhari) The Holy Qur'an teaches us to invoke the name of God before starting anything good and virtuous.It is necessary to say God’s name before eating.This is because God is Rahmaan (i.e., He produces all the resources in the world, without our asking, which result in the pro- duction of the food we eat) and He is 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y

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112 112 112 112 112 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Raheem (i.e., He rewards our efforts gen- erously, e.g.the efforts we make in earning our livelihood which then enables us to buy food).Eating from in front of you makes you dig- nified, and keeps you from overeating.Also it keeps you from spoiling the food which is in excess of your requirement.29.Three Noble Actions `Oodul mareeda wa at-`imul jaa- 'i`a wa fukkul `aa-niya Visit the sick, feed the hungry and liberate those in bondage (Bukhari) This Hadith emphasizes the need to bring relief to people suffering from three kinds of trouble.A person who is confined to bed due to sickness, feels lonely and for- saken.If you visit him socially, he feels happy at this welcome diversion.The com- mand to feed the hungry and to free those who are suffering under the bond of sla- very appears in the Holy Qur'an (90:13-17).These virtues are classified as top-notch.30.Rights of Neighbour Man kaana yu’minu bi-Llah-i wal-yaumil aa-khiri falaa yu’dhi jaara-hoo A A A A A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH — A — A — A — A — A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH WITH WITH WITH WITH WITH C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

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113 113 113 113 113 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Whoever believes in Allah and the Day of Judgement should not hurt his neighbour (Bukhari) The high regard in which one’s neighbour is held and the emphasis placed on the good treatment of one’s neighbour is such that it is mentioned just after the command to be- lieve in Allah and the Hereafter.In the Holy Qur'an (4:37), this command is mentioned soon after the command to worship Allah, and avoid associating any gods with Allah.This indicates its importance.31.Cleanliness Attu-hooru shatral ee-maani Cleanliness is a requirement of faith (Muslim) There is another Hadith which has the same meaning.The Holy Qur'an (5:7) com- mands the believers to clean their bodies and environment.This makes it obvious that cleanliness is an integral part of our belief, system and faith.No religion ex- cept Islam has taught its followers that cleanliness is a religious duty.32.Kind Treatment of One’s Spouse and Children Khairu-kum khairu-kum li-ahli- hee wa ana khairu-kum li-ahlee 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y

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114 114 114 114 114 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The best of you is he who is best in treating his family, and I am the best of you in the treat- ment of my family.(Tirmizi) According to this Hadith , kind treatment of one’s wife is not only obligatory on a man, but is in fact a measure of his status in the sight of God and the best example of this kind treatment can be found in the per- son of the Holy Prophet sa himself.If we try to follow this, a good wife cannot suf- fer at the hand of a pious man, with the exception of some temporary unpleasant- ness.Such a husband and wife may be- come a true picture of the Qur’anic verse (2:188): “They (your wives) are a (sort of) garment for you and you are a sort of garment for them” , i.e., they are a source of comfort and protection for each other against evil.33.Be the First to Greet Inna aulan-naasi bi-Llahi mam bada’a-hum bis-salaami Allah prefers those who hasten to be the first to greet others (saying “Assalamu `alaikum” ) (Abu-Dawood) We have already seen in Hadith No.21 that saying something virtuous to someone is in itself an act of virtue.When we meet a fellow Muslim, what could A A A A A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH — A — A — A — A — A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH WITH WITH WITH WITH WITH C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

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115 115 115 115 115 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION be a more virtuous expression of greeting than saying “Assalamu alaikum- May peace be upon you”.The Holy Qur'an (2:149) commands us to excel each other in the performance of good deeds.So, if a Muslim tries to be the one who says Assalamu Alaikum first (i.e., before the other person), he can earn Allah’s pleasure and nearness to Him.The Holy Prophet sa was once asked, “Who should say Assalamu Alaikum first when two persons meet?”.He responded, “ The one who is nearer to God”.This means that by trying to be the first to say Assalamo Alaikum , one can earn nearness to Allah.34.Everyone is a Ruler Kullu-kum raa`in-wa kullu-kum mas-’oolun `arra-`iyya-ti-hee Everyone of you is a ruler and will be answerable in respect of his subjects (Bukhari-Kitabun Nikah) The Holy Prophet sa has observed that in spite of being a subject in some respects (as in an office), everyone of us is certainly a ruler in other respects (as in his house).As a result of this, everyone of us shall be answerable in relation to his subjects i.e., whether he upheld their rights.The Holy Qur'an (23:9) explains the same point: “And those who are watchful of their trusts and their covenants.” Besides the above mentioned responsibility, this Hadith 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y

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116 116 116 116 116 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION also contains the encouraging change in one’s outlook, that even a subordinate in one respect is a ruler in another respect.Thus, he has a good reason to be thankful to God, so that He may grant him roles of even greater importance.35.Do not sever ties of kinship Laa yad-khulul jannata qaati-`un A person who severs the ties of kinship will not enter Paradise (Bukhari) The Holy Qur'an (2:178) commands us to treat our relatives well and establishes their rights that we must observe.A great part of how we act towards other human beings actually consists of how we deal with our relatives.36.Show Mercy to Others Mallaa yarham laa yurham One who does not show mercy will not be shown mercy (Bukhari- Kitabul Adab) Allah is Rahmaan and Raheem , and His mercy covers everything (Al-Qur’an 6:148).In fact, Allah has charged Himself to be Merciful towards everything (Al-Qur'an 6:13).The purpose of our creation is to fulfil the A A A A A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH — A — A — A — A — A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH WITH WITH WITH WITH WITH C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

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117 117 117 117 117 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION demands of our worship of God (Al-Qur'an 51:57).This can be done properly only if one learns about Divine Attributes and makes every effort to mould one’s every action on the pattern of God’s attributes.Since God is Merciful and His mercy encompasses everything, therefore a per- son who does not try to act mercifully in his daily life, is really unaware of an impor- tant attribute of God.He, therefore, is not worshipping God as properly as he could have — he is not making any effort to fulfil the purpose for which God created him.How can he, then, expect God’s mercy? 37.All Intoxicants are Unlawful Maa as-kara katheeru-hoo fa- qaleelu-hoo haraamun If the large dose of a thing causes intoxication, its small quantity is also unlawful (Abu- Dawood) This Hadith invites our attention to three important points.Firstly, that all sorts of intoxicants are unlawful for the Muslims.Secondly, if the larger dose of a thing causes intoxication, even a small dosage of it is unlawful.Thirdly, the true method of eradicating such evils is to cut them at the root.The Holy Qur’an (2:220), in spite of recognizing some benefits of liquor and gambling, advises that their sin and harm outweigh their benefits.3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y

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118 118 118 118 118 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION In another place, the Holy Qur’an (5:91) declares that such evils are “......an abomi- nation of Satan’s handiwork...”.“Sa- tan seeks only to create enmity and hatred among you by means of wine and the game of chance and to keep you back from the remembrance of Allah and from prayer..” (5:92).38.The Upper Hand Al-yadul-`ulyaa khairum-minal yadus-suf-laa The upper hand is better than the lower hand (Muslimi-Kitabuz Zakat) The Holy Prophet sa has, on the one hand, directed the wealthy not to turn down anyone’s request for help, and give Sadaqah (charity), as sometimes even a fragment of a date given as sadaqah could save you from hell.(Hadith No.1).On the other hand, he advised the poor to try to abstain from begging, by saying that the upper hand is better than the lower hand.This valuable piece of advice by the Holy Prophet sa , infused such a spirit of dignity and self-respect in his companions that they abstained from begging even in the most critical situations.A A A A A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH — A — A — A — A — A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH WITH WITH WITH WITH WITH C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

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119 119 119 119 119 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 39.Importance of Good Conduct Maa min shai’in fil-meezaani athkala min husnil khulqi Nothing is heavier in the scales (of Allah) than the excellence of conduct (Abu-Dawood) In a large number of Ahadith, the Holy Prophet sa laid much emphasis on the im- provement of moral and social conduct.In this Hadith, he declares that nothing is heavier in the scales of Allah than the excel- lence of conduct.Hadith No.46 is another example, which states that the one who is not thankful to people is not thankful to Allah.In fact, excellence of conduct is the root of all virtues, and spirituality is but an advanced state of good conduct.According to the Qur'an, the Holy Prophet sa possessed sublime moral excellence (68:5), and he was an excellent model for mankind (33:22).That is why, he repeatedly emphasised on the importance of good moral conduct, and he is undoubtedly the best authority to do so.40.The Word of Wisdom Kalima-tul hikma-ti daalla-tul mu’mini, fa-haithu maa wajada- haa fa-huwa a-haqqu bi-haa 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H W I T H C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y

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120 120 120 120 120 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The word of wisdom is the lost property of a believer, so that wherever he finds it, he should take it, because he is the one most entitled to it.(Tirmidhi) According to Hadith No.9, the pursuit of knowledge is obligatory upon every Mus- lim and Hadith No.8 emphasizes the learn- ing and teaching of the Holy Quran, which is a treasure of spiritual wisdom and knowl- edge.This Hadith explains an excellent and vast avenue of acquiring knowledge, which is different from the traditional ways of learning in schools or studying from books.For a true seeker of knowledge, the whole universe, with all its constituents, is an open book of learning from which he can ac- quire knowledge to the best of his capacity and efforts.In this Hadith , our beloved Prophet Muhammad sa says that the word of wisdom is the lost property of a believer; so he should take it wherever he finds it.The use of the the word dhaallah (lost property) signifies that the Holy Qur’an, which is the fundamental source of all wis- dom and eternal truth, belongs to the be- lievers (98:4).Thus a word of wisdom may, for the time being, be out of the reach of a believer as it is hidden from him, yet it origi- nally belonged to him.(Adapted from Forty Gems of Beauty) A A A A A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH — A — A — A — A — A HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH HADITH WITH WITH WITH WITH WITH C C C C C OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENT OMMENTAR AR AR AR ARY Y Y Y Y 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

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121 121 121 121 121 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 1.Importance of Allah’s Praise Kullu amrin dhee baalin laa yubda’u feehi bil-hamdu li-Llahi fa-huwa aqta‘u Every matter of importance which is not begun with the praise of Allah, remains without blessings (Abu Dawood).2.Best Remembrance of Allah Afdaludh-dhikri laa-ilaaha ill- Allahu wa afdalud-du`aai al- hamdu-liLlah The best remembrance (of Allah) is (the Kalimah) “there is no god but Allah” and the best prayer is “all praise belongs to Allah” (Tirmidhi) 3.Remembrance of Allah Gives Life Mathalulladhee yadhkuru Rabba- hoo walladhee laa yadhkuruhoo mathalul hayyi wal- mayyiti 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y F F F F For or or or orty ty ty ty ty Ahadith Ahadith Ahadith Ahadith Ahadith (without Commentar (without Commentar (without Commentar (without Commentar (without Commentar y) y) y) y) y)

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122 122 122 122 122 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The analogy of one who remembers Allah and the one who does not, is like one who is alive and one who is dead (Bukhari, Kitabud Da`wat) 4.Remembrance of Allah Saves from Punishment Maa `ami-labnu aadama `amalan anjaa lahoo min-`adhaabilLaahi min dhikrilLahi No act of Adam’s progeny is better in saving him from the punishment of Allah than the remembrance of Allah (Tibrani) 5.Allah is Kind Inn-Allaaha Rafeequn-wa yuhib- bur-rifqa Allah is kind and loves kindness (in all affairs) (Muslim) 6.Spending in the Way of Allah Man-anfqa nafaqatan fee sabeel- illahi kutibat lahoo sab`u-mi’ati di`fin A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

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123 123 123 123 123 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Anyone who spends something in the way of Allah wil have it recorded for him seven hundered times over (Tirmidhi) 7.Allah accepts prayers Inna Rabbakum Hayiyyun Kareem-unyastahyee min `abdihee idhaa rafa`a ilai-hi yadaihi anyya-rudda humaa sifran khaa’ibay-ni Your Lord is Considerate and Generous and when His ser- vant raises his hands, is shy of returning them empty (Bukhari, Tirmadhi-Kitabud Da`wat) 8.Good conduct is Essential Innakum lan tas`un-naasa bi- amwaalikum fasa`oo-hum bi-bastil wajhi wa husnil khuluqi You can never enrich people with your money (alone); so help them cheerfully and with good grace (Risala Qushaiyyah) 9.Never Deny Favours of Allah Unzuroo ilaa man-huwa asfala minkum wa laa tanzuroo ilaa man-huwa faukakumfahuwa ajdaru allaa tazdaroo n`imatillaahi.3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y

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124 124 124 124 124 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Always look at who is below you and do not look at one above you.In this way, you will be more likely not to deny the favours of Allah (Muslim, Bukhari) 10.Beware of the Fire of Jealousy Iyyaakum wal-hasada, fa-innal- haasda ya’kulul-hasanaati kamaa ta’kulun-naar-ul hataba au qaalal- `ushba Beware of the fire of jealousy for it consumes good deeds just as fire consumes wood — or he said-straw (Abu Dawood) 11.Importance of Taqwaa Khair-uzzaadit-taqwaa The best provision for the journey (to the Hereafter) is Taqwaa (Fear of God) (Chehl Ahadith) 12.Modesty is All Virtue Al-hayaa’u khairun kullu-hoo.Modesty is all virtue (Chehl Ahadith).A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

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125 125 125 125 125 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 13.Urging to do Good Ad-daallu `alal khairi ka-faa-`ili- hee One who urges to do good, gets the reward like a doer (Chehl Ahadith).14.Promise of a Believer `Idatul mu’mini ka-akhzil kaffi The promise of a believer is as certain as a thing in hand 15.Hasten to Make Peace Laa ya-hillu li-mu’minin anyyah- jura akhaa-hu fauqa thalaa-thati ayyaa-min It is not permissible for a believer to sever relations with another brother (in faith) for more than three days.(Bukhari) 16.Be Thankful to People Laa yashku-r-Ullaha mallaa yashkur-un-naasa One who is not thankful to people, is not thankful to Allah.(Tirmidhi) 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y

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126 126 126 126 126 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 17.Real Chief Sayyi-dul qaumi khaa-dimu-hum The chief of the people is one who serves them (Chehl Ahadith).18.Refrain from Cheating Man ghash-sha fa-laisa minnee One who cheats (in business etc.), has nothing to do with me.(Muslim) 19.Be Moderate Khairul umoori au-satuhaa In every matter, moderation is best 20.Honour the Trust Al-majaa-lisu bil-amaa-nati (Whatever is said in) meetings is a trust (Chehl Ahadith).A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

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127 127 127 127 127 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 21.Importance of Truth As-sidqu yunjee wal kazibu yuhliku Truth saves, falsehood destroys 22.Unity among Believers Al-mu’minu kal-bunyaani yashud-du ba`duhoo ba`dan Believers are (united) like a build- ing, each part of which is a source of strength for the other part (Tirmidhi) 23.The Best Book Inna khairal hadeethi kitab-Ullahi wa khairal hadyi hadyu muhammadin The best word is the Book of Al- lah, and the best guidance is the guidance of Muhammad sa (Muslim) 24.Importance of Salat Inna bainar-rajuli wa bain-ash-shirki wal-kufri tark-as-salaati Surely, between a person and Shirk (making partners beside Al- lah), there is the Neglect of Salat (daily prayers) (Muslim).3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y

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128 128 128 128 128 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 25.Importance of Friday Inna min afdali ayyaami-kum yaum- al-jumu‘ati fa-aksiroo ‘alayya minas- salaati feehi fa-inna salaata-kum- ma‘roodatun alayya Surely your best day is Friday.So you should be diligent on that day in calling down blessings on me, for your blessings are conveyed to me.(Abu Dawood) 26.Benfits of Generosity As-sakhiyyu qareebum-min-Allahi ta‘aalaa qareebum-min-an-naasi qareebum-min-al jannati ba‘eedum- min-an-naari A generous person is close to Allah, close to people and close to paradise; but far away from the fire.(Qasheeriyya) 27.Great Reward of Hajj Man hajja li-Llahi fa-lam yarfus wa lam yafsuq raja‘a ka-yaumin waladat-hu ummu-hoo Whoever performs the pilgrimage (Hajj) for the sake of Allah, and does not indulge in foul talk nor A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

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129 129 129 129 129 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION commits any transgression, becomes as (pure and innocent) as on the day his mother gave birth to him.(Mishkaat) 28.Reward of Fasting Qaala Rasool-uLlahi ‘Azza wa Jalla kullu ‘amali-bni aadama lahoo illas- siyaama fa-innahoo lee wa ana ajzee bihee Allah, the Mighty and Glorious, says: All the deeds of a person are for his own sake except the Fast.The Fast is kept for My sake alone and I am the reward for it.(i.e.Allah will reward a person with nearness to Him).(Hadith Qudsee - Bukhari) Note: Hadith Qudsee is the one wherein the Holy Prophet sa refers to a revelation from Allah to the Prophet sa and this revelation is not the Quranic revelation.29.Observance of Ramadan - Means of Forgiveness Man qaama ramadaana eemaan- wa-htisaaban ghufira lahoo maa taqaddama min dhanbi-hee He who observes Ramadan out of sincerity of faith, and in the hope of earning merit will have his past sins forgiven for him.(Bukhari) 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y

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130 130 130 130 130 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 30.Obeying One in Authority Man ataa‘anee faqad ataa‘Allaha wa man ‘asaanee faqad ‘a-sAllaha wa man-yuti‘il-ameera faqad ataa‘anee wa man-ya‘sil ameera faqad ‘asaanee The one who obeyed me, (in fact) obeyed Allah, and the one who disobeyed me, (in fact) disobeyed Allah.The one who obeys the ameer (ruler) (in fact) obeys me and the one who disobeys the ameer, in fact disobeys me (Muslim).31.Perfect Believer Akmalul mu’mineena eemaanan ahsanuhum khuluqan wa khiyaarukum khiyaarukum li-nisaa’i- him The most perfect of believers in respect of their faith are those whose behaviour is most excellent and the best of you are those who behave best towards their wives.(Tirmidhi) 32.The Beauty of ‘Islam’ Min husni Islam-il-mar’i tarkuhoo maa laa ya‘neehi The beauty of a person’s “Islam” A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

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131 131 131 131 131 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION (his religion) lies in the fact that he abandons all that is vain.(Tirmidhi) 33.Leave what is Doubtful Da‘ maa yureebu-ka ilaa maa laa yureebu-ka Leave aside that which appears doubtful to you and adopt that which has no doubt in it.(Bukhari, Tirmidhi) 34.Contentment Al-qanaa‘atu kanzun laa yafnaa Contentment is a treasure that will never finish.(Qasheeriyya) 35.Keep Good Company Al-mar’u ‘alaa deeni khaleeli-hee fal- yanzur ahadu-kum-man-yu-khaalilu A person may adopt his friend’s religion (or way of life), hence he should watch who he befriends.(Abu Dawood) 36.The Height of Excellence Afdal-ul-fadaa’ili an tasila man qata‘aka wa tu‘tiya mam mana‘aka wa tasfaha ‘amman shatama-ka 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y

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132 132 132 132 132 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The height of excellence is that you should strengthen the ties of relationship with the one who severs them and be generous to the one who is miserly to you and be forgiving to the one who abuses you.(Masnad Ahmad) 37.Perfection of the Best of Morals Inna-maa bu‘ith-tu li-utammima makaarim-al-akhlaaq (The Holy Prophet sa said) I have been sent to perfect the best of morals.(Sunan al-Kubra) 38.Great Reward for Inviting People to Allah Fa-w-Allah-i la-in-yahdi-y-Allahu bika rajulan-waahidan khairul-laka min humur-in-na‘ami By Allah! If Allah helps you to guide a person to truth, it is better for you than (the most precious) red camels (i.e.it is the best investment).(Bukhari) A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

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133 133 133 133 133 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 39.Mission of Hadrat Isaa as , son of Mary (i.e.the Promised Messiah as ) Alaa inna ‘eesa-bna-maryama laisa bainee wa bainahoo nabiyyun-wa laa rasoolun.Aalaa innahoo khaleefatee fee ummatee mim-ba‘dee.Alaa innahoo yaqtulud-dajjaala wa yaksirus-saleeba wa yada‘ul-jizyata wa tada‘ul-harbu auzaarahaa.Aalaa man adrakhu fal-yaqra’ ‘alaihis-salaam.Beware, there will be no prophet or messenger between Jesus, the son of Mary (i.e.the Promised Messiah as ), and me (i.e.the Holy Prophet sa ).Remember, he shall be my Sucessor for my people after me.Remember, he will kill the Anti- Christ, break the Cross, abolish the collection of Jizia (tax collected from defeated people), as there would no longer be any (religious) war.Remember, whoever meets him should convey my greetings to him.(Tibraani) 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y

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134 134 134 134 134 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 40.Leader of Muslim Ummah - from among Ummah Kaifa antum idhaa nazala-bnu maryama feekum wa imaamukum minkum wa fee riwaayatin fa- ammakum-minkum How would it be with you when the son of Mary will descend among you and he will be your Imam (religious leader) from among you? In another version it is said, ‘He will lead you from among you.’ (Bukhari, Musnad Ahmad) A A A A A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H — A — A — A — A — A H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H H A D I T H W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T W I T H O U T C C C C C O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N T O M M E N TA R A R A R A R A RY Y Y Y Y 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 Second Advent of the Holy Prophet sa in the person of the Promised Messiah as (in accordance with both the Holy Qur’an, and the Hadith) Hadrat Abu Huraira ra narrates that we were sitting with the Holy Prophet sa when Surah Al-Jumu’ah was revealed: And he will appear among others who have not yet joined the companions of the Holy Prophet sa...We asked: “Who are they O Prophet of Allah?” Among us Salman ra of Persia was sitting.The Holy Prophet sa placed his hand upon Salman ra and said: “If faith ascends to the Pleiades, some men from among them will bring it back to earth.” (Bukhari kitabul Tafsir Surah Al-Jumu’ah wa Muslim)

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135 135 135 135 135 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION P P P P Part 4 art 4 art 4 art 4 art 4 Pr Pr Pr Pr Pra a a a ay y y y yer er er er ers s s s s 1: Prayers of the Holy Qur’an 2: Prayers of the Holy Prophet sa (with commentary) 3: Prayers of the Holy Prophet sa (without commentary) 4: Prayers of the Promised Messiah as  Commentary By: Dr.Saleemur Rahman Sheikh Abdul Hadi 135 135 135 135 135

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136 136 136 136 136 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Importance of Prayers (by the Promised Messiah as ) A strange phenomenal event took place in the deserts of Arabia, when hundreds of thousands of the dead became alive within a few days, and those who had been corrupted through generations took on Divine colour.The blind be- gan to see, and the tongues of the dumb began to flow with Divine wisdom.Such a revolution took place in the world as no eye had seen and no ear had heard of before.Do you realize what this was? All this was brought about by prayers during the dark- ness of nights of one who had been wholly lost in God which created an uproar in the world and manifested such wonders as seemed impossible at the hands of that un- lettered helpless person.O Allah! Send down blessings and peace on him and on his followers in proportion to his concern and suffering for the Muslim Ummah (the people of Islam), and shower upon him the light of Thy mercy for ever.(Roohani Khazaa’in Vol.6: Barakaatud-dua, pp.10 - 11)

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137 137 137 137 137 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Pr Pr Pr Pr Pra a a a ay y y y yer er er er ers of s of s of s of s of the the the the the Hol Hol Hol Hol Holy Qur’an y Qur’an y Qur’an y Qur’an y Qur’an 1.For Steadfastness and Allah’s Help Rabba-naa afrigh `alainaa sabran-wa thabbit aq- daamanaa wan-surnaa `alal qaumil kaafireen O our Lord, pour forth stead- fastness upon us and make our steps firm, and help us against the disbelieving people.(2:251) 2.Against Losing Divine Guidance Rabba-naa laa tuzigh qulooba- naa ba`da id ha-daita-naa wa hab-lanaa milla-dunka rahmah, inna-ka antal Wahhaab O our Lord, let not our hearts become perverse after Thou hast guided us; and bestow on us mercy from Thyself; surely, Thou alone art the Bestower.(3:9) 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN

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138 138 138 138 138 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 3.For Allah’s Mercy Rabba-naa za-lamnaa anfu- sanaa wa illam taghfir lanaa wa tarhamnaa la-nakoo-nanna minal khaasi-reen O our Lord, we have wronged ourselves; and if Thou forgive us not and have not mercy on us, we shall surely be of the lost.(7:24) 4.Against being left childless Rabbi laa tadar-nee fardan-wa anta khairul waari-theen My Lord, leave me not child- less, and Thou art the Best of inheritors.(21:90) 5.For Mercy and Forgiveness Wa Qur-rabbighfir warham wa anta khairur-raahimeen And say, My Lord, forgive and have mercy and Thou art the Best of those who show mercy.(23:119) P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1

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139 139 139 139 139 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 6.For a Righteous End of Life Rabba-naa afrigh `alainaa sabran-wa tawaffa-naa muslimeen O our Lord, pour forth upon us steadfastness and cause us to die resigned unto Thee (7:127) 7.To Avert Punishment of Hell Rabba-nasrif `annaa `adhaaba jahannama inna `adhaaba-haa kaana gha-raamaa O our Lord, avert from us the punishment of Hell; for the punishment thereof is a last- ing torment (25:66) 8.In Favour of Our Spouses and Children Rabba-naa habla-naa min azwaa-jinaa wa dhurriyyaa- tinaa qurrata a`yunin-waj- `alnaa lil-muttaqeena imaamaa 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN

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140 140 140 140 140 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION O our Lord, grant us of our spouses and children the delight of our eyes and make each of us a leader of the righteous (25:75) 9.Getting into a Vehicle Bismi-Llahi majray-haa wa mursaa-haa, inna rabbee la- ghafoorur-raheem In the name of Allah be its course and its mooring.My Lord is assuredly Most Forgiv- ing, Merciful.(11:42) 10.For Parents Rabbir-ham-humaa kamaa rabba-yaani sagheeraa O my Lord, have mercy on them even as they nourished me in my childhood (17:25) 11.For Increase in Knowledge Rabbi zid-nee `ilmaa O my Lord, increase me in knowledge (20:115).P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1

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141 141 141 141 141 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 12.For Sucess in Calling to Allah Rabbish-rahlee sadree wa yassir-lee amree wah-lul `uqda- tanm-mil-lisaani yaf-qahoo qaulee O my Lord, open up for me my heart, and ease for me my task, and untie the knot of my tongue, that they may under- stand my speech.(20:26-29) 13.For Migration or Spiritual Journey Rabbi ad-khilnee mud-khala sidqin-wa akh-rijnee mukh-raja sidqin-waj `al-lee milla-dunka sultaanan-nasiraa O my Lord, make my entry a good entry and then make me come forth a good forthcom- ing.And grant me from Thy- self a helping power (17:81) 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN

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142 142 142 142 142 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 14.To get rid of Affliction (i).Annee massani-yaddurru wa anta ‘arha-mur-raahimeen Affliction has touched me and Thou art the most Merciful of all who show mercy (21:84) (ii).Laa ilaaha illaa anta subhaanaka inee kuntu minazzaalimeen.There is no God but Thou, Holy art Thou.I have indeed been of the wrongdoers (21:88) 15.To Achieve Allah’s Blessings Rabbi ‘innee limaa anzalta ilayya min khairin faqeer My Lord, a beggar I am of whatever good Thou bestows on me (28:25) P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y Q Q Q Q Q UR UR UR UR UR ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ AN AN AN AN AN 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1

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143 143 143 143 143 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Pr Pr Pr Pr Pra a a a ay y y y yer er er er ers of s of s of s of s of the the the the the Hol Hol Hol Hol Holy Pr y Pr y Pr y Pr y Prophet ophet ophet ophet ophet sa sa sa sa sa (with commentary) 1.On Waking Up Alhamdu li-Llahil-ladhee ah- yaanaa ba`da maa amaata-naa wa ilai-hin-nushoor All praise belongs to Allah who brought us back to life (woke us up), after causing us to die (sleep), and to Him will we re- turn Sleep is a partial death.When we wake up, we enter life once again.This calls for praising the Lord for reviving us.The Holy Quran says: Allah takes away the souls of the living at the time of their death; and of those (also) that are not yet dead, during their sleep.And then He withholds those against which he has de- creed death, and sends (back) the others till an appointed term.(39:43) 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA

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144 144 144 144 144 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 2.On Entering a Washroom Allah-umma innee a`oodho- bika minal-khubthi wal khabaa-'ithi O Allah! I seek your refuge from all sorts of (physically and spiritually) harmful and vi- cious things If we are not regularly relieved of the waste produced, as a result of the process of diges- tion, it may cause many illnesses.Also, the discharged matter, by causing pollution of the air, may cause other health hazards.By this prayer, we seek Allah’s protection against all such potential troubles.We are also reminded of the necessity of keeping clean not only ourselves but also our washrooms.3.On Leaving a Washroom (a) Alhamdu-liLlahilla-dhee adhhaba `annil-adhaa wa `aafaa-nee (a) All praise belongs to Allah Who saved me from harm and has kept me in good health.P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2

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145 145 145 145 145 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION (b) BismiLlahi ghufraa-naka (b) O Allah! In Thy name I seek Thy forgiving relief.Our digestive system is one of the special bless- ing of God Almighty.It causes the useful part of our food to become part of our body and the waste matter to be discharged.After the completion of this process, we must express our gratitude to God Almighty by praising Him.4.On Starting a Meal BismiLlaahi wa `alaa baraka- tiLlah-i In the name of Allah and with the blessings of Allah (I start eating) This prayer stresses two important points.Firstly, there is no one but God, Who is the “Provider” of bounties such as food.Secondly, there is no one but God, Who is the real source of blessings, Who can bestow on us with more and more food producing a healthy effect on both our soul and our health.(The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam, p.20, Edition 1989) 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA

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146 146 146 146 146 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 5.On Finishing a Meal Alhamdu liLlah-illadhee at- `ama-naa wa saqaa-naa wa- ja`alanaa minal-muslimeen All praise belongs to Allah, Who provided us with food and drink and enabled us to be Muslims (submissive to God)( Tirmidhi Kitab-ud-Da`awaat ) As we finish eating, we thank God for providing us with ‘material food’ to meet the physical needs of our body.And we also thank God for providing us with the ‘spiritual sustenance’ (i.e., Islam), which quenches our spiritual thirst and spiritual hunger.6.On Leaving Home BismiLlaah-i tawakkaltu `alAllahi walaa haula walaa quwwata illaa biLlaah-i (I leave my house), in the name of Allah and I put my trust in Allah.(One has) no power (to be safe from sins) and no power (to do good) except with (the help of) Allah.By saying this valuable prayer, we put ourselves and our house under Divine protection against all the potential evils, mishaps and dangers of the world.P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2

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147 147 147 147 147 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 7.On Entering Your Home Allahumma innee as-aluka khairal mau-laji wa khairal makh-raji bismiLlah-i walajnaa wa `al-Allahi rabba-naa tawakkal-naa O Allah! I supplicate You to grant me the best of entries (to my house) and the best of ex- its.In the name of Allah we enter and in Allah, our Lord, we put our complete trust On entering our house, we again supplicate our beloved Allah to grant us everlasting protection and best achievements each time we enter or leave our house.8.On Going to Bed Allahumma bismika amootu wa ah-yaa O Allah, in your name I die (sleep) and I become alive (awake).( Bukhari Kitab-ud- Da`awaat).Prayer No.1 in this section has already told us that the state of sleep is similar to the state of death.Since God alone controls the span of our life and He alone decides about the hour of our eventual death, therefore we entrust ourselves to God before we retire for sleep.4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA

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148 148 148 148 148 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 9.On Entering a Mosque BismiLlah-issa-laatu wassa- laamu `alaa rasool-iLlahi A l l a h u m m a g h - f i r - l e e dhunoobee waftah-lee ab- waaba rah-matika In the name of Allah (I enter).All blessings and peace be upon the Prophet of Allah.O Allah! Forgive me my sins and open the doors of Your mercy upon me.( Ibni Maja Abwaabul Masaajid wal Ijtimaa`aat ) It is necessary to recite Bismillah before any virtuous act and, as such, we do the same upon entering the mosque.Then, we invoke blessings on the Holy Prophet sa, as he was the one who taught us the blessed Daily Prayers (Salat).Towards the end of this prayer, we seek God’s forgiveness of our sins so that we may present ourselves before Him in purity, at the time of Prayer(Salat).Finally, we invoke His mercy so that our worship is accepted by Him, and He is happy with us.10.On Leaving a Mosque BismiLlah-issa-laatu wassa- laamu `alaa rasool-iLlahi A l l a h u m m a g h - f i r - l e e dhunoobee waftah-lee ab- waaba fadlika P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2

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149 149 149 149 149 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION In the name of Allah (I leave).And all blessings and peace be upon the Prophet of Allah.O Allah! Forgive me my sins and open the doors of Your bless- ings upon me.( Masnad Ahmad Bin Hambal, Vol.6 ) There is a change of only one word in this prayer compared to the preceding prayer: instead of His mercy , we seek His bounties.The Holy Qur’an (62:11) says: And when the Prayer is finished, disperse in the land and seek Allah’s grace and remember Allah much that you may pros- per.So, while returning from the Prayer service, we pray that God bless our business or our other worldly pursuits related to our livelihood.And as we are blessed with the ‘spiritual food’ through the prayers, we pray to God to make plentiful provision so that we can procure ‘material food’ for our bodily needs.11.Intention of the Fast There is no specific prayer to begin a fast in the morning.The intent or niyyah to fast is in the heart and that is sufficient.One can pray in one’s own words seeking Allah’s help to be able to fast and spend the day that would please Allah.We have already learnt a saying of the Holy Prophet sa of Islam that: “Actions are to be judged by their underlying motives.” Keeping fast is 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA

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150 150 150 150 150 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION an important spiritual act, and it should not be done without making one’s explicit “intention” for it.In fact it is the purity of our intention that reaches Allah, and not our hunger or thirst.12.On Ending a Fast Allah-umma innee laka sumtu wa bika aa-mantu wa `alaika tawakkaltu wa `alaa rizqika aftartu O Allah, I observed the fast for Your sake.I believe in You and I put my trust in You and I end the fast with what You have pro- vided me A person who observes fast is humbly admiting, that keeping fast is not an act of sacrifice that he/she could offer based on purely his/her pow- ers.The fast is observed because Allah has com- manded Muslims to do so.So it is simply an act of obedience to God.Also, when the fast is broken, it is done with the help of food that has been provided by God.So, one admits, that everything is from God, and for God.13.After Having a Feast Allah-umma baarik la-hum feehaa maa razaqta-hum waghfir lahum warham-hum P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2

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151 151 151 151 151 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION O Allah! Prosper them with what You have provided them and forgive them and have mercy on them It is beauty of the Islamic teachings that even simple expressions of thanking or greetings to our fellow Muslim brothers, are full of prayers for them, and thankfulness to our beloved Al- lah, Who is the Ultimate Cause of all our suc- cesses and prosperity.This prayer shows us a similar way to express our thankfulness to the host, after enjoying a feast.14.To Put on a New Dress Allahhumma lakal hamdu kamaa kasauta-neehi O Allah! All praise belongs to You, Who gave me this new dress The act of putting on a new dress gives one a sense of happiness and prosperity.At this mo- ment also, a believer praises Allah, Who pro- vided him with this bounty.Thus through this prayer, we may achieve real and lasting pros- perity.4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA

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152 152 152 152 152 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 15.On Observing the New Moon Allah-umma ahilla-hoo `alainaa bil-amni wal eemaani was-salaamati wal islaami rabbee wa rabbuk- Allahu O Lord! Let this moon rise upon us in peace, faith, secu- rity and Islam.Allah is my Lord as well as yours.A new moon ushers in a new lunar month, which is a measure of time, and makes a Muslims con- scious that a new phase of thier life has just started.So they pray to God for peace and pros- perity in the ensuing month so that they may fulfil the obligations of a true believer and Muslims.Some people worshipped the moon in the early history of mankind, because it is a source of light.But a Muslim announces that Allah is the only source of life and sustenance for all spe- cies in this world, as well as the Lord of all heavenly bodies in the Universe.16.While Ascending (a) Allahu Akbaru (a) Allah is the Greatest P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2

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153 153 153 153 153 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION (b) Allah-umma lakash-sharfu `alaa kulli sharfin-wa lakal hamdu `alaa kulli haa-lin (b) O Allah, all dignity belongs to You at all heights and all praise belongs to You in all cir- cumstances.Every height and grandeur is truly attributable to Allah alone.When one scales great heights, it is possible to have feelings of pride and great- ness.This prayer teaches humility that should be the essence of all of us mere mortals.It also serves as a reminder that whatever goes up must come down.Therefore, as we go thor- ough the ups and downs of our life, we must keep praising our God in both states.17.While Descending Aa-'iboona taa-'iboona `aa- bidoona li-rabbinaa haa- midoona We are among those who re- turn, repent, worship and praise our Lord Praising God is common to both the prayers i.e., for ascent as well as descent, but, while de- scending from a height, one feels that one is getting down to a lower level (in a physical sense).So one prays and asks God’s forgive- ness, lest one may fall down to a low level in a spiritual sense.4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA

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154 154 154 154 154 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 18.On Visiting the Sick Adh-hibil ba’sa rabban-naasi washfi antash-shaafee laa shifaa-'a illaa shifaa-u-ka shifaa-'allaa yu-ghaadiru saqamaa O Lord of people! Grant relief from this illness for You are the Healer.There is no healing except that which comes from You.So, grant complete heal- ing without leaving a trace of illness.( Bukhari, Muslim ) This prayer invokes the attribute of Allah as the ‘Sustainer of all the people’.This implies the humility of the patient and the one who is pray- ing for him, because the patient is recognized as just one among so many of God’s creations that need God’s help.It also reminds the patient that his recovery is to be granted by the pure grace of God, though the excellence of his doctor (again, a God-given blessing) may become instrumental in this pro- cess.The prayer is for a complete recovery, without any relapse or any blemish.P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2

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155 155 155 155 155 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 19.In the ‘Night of Destiny’ (Lailatul Qadr) Allahumma innaka afuwwun tuhibbul afwa, fa`fu annee O Allah! You are the Great Par- doner.You love to pardon.Hence I seek Your pardon.(Tirmidhi-Kitab-ud-Da`awaat) According to an authentic tradition of the Holy Prophet sa the ‘Night of Destiny’ refers to any one among the odd-numbered nights during the last ten days of the blessed month of Ramadan.This night carries extraordinary blessings, and God Almighty abundantly accepts the prayers of His servants.Al-Qur’an(97:1-6) Once Hadrat `Aisha ra asked the Holy Prophet sa what should one pray if one is fortunate enough to get this 'Night of Destiny' in one’s life.The Holy Prophet sa advised him to say the above prayer.One of Allah’s attributes is, al-Afuww (6:150), i.e., the One who erases sins of His servants.But, in order to qualify for forgiveness under this attribute of Allah, one must forgive others in one’s own everyday life.This prayer signifies that the main objective of a believer should be to seek forgiveness of his sins from Allah 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA

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156 156 156 156 156 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 20.For Protection against the Enemy Allahumma innaa naj`alu-ka fee nuhoori-him wa na- a`oodhubika min shuroori-him O Allah! We make You a shield against the enemy and we seek Your protection against their evil designs.( Abu Dawood- Kitab-us-Salaat ) Islam teaches its followers to avoid conflict and fighting except, of course, in self-defence (Al- Qur’an, 2:191,194).If the Muslims face the enmity of people, then they must pray to God and seek His help and protection against the mischief of their enemies.When you come under God’s protection and He becomes your shield, then nothing can harm you.The Promised Messiah as says in a poetic verse (translated): When the enemy increased his noise and clatter of opposition to us, We hid ourselves in (the protection of) the Hidden One (i.e., God).When a believer comes under God’s protection through prayer, then according to another verse of the Promised Messiah as , God addresses his enemy and says: This is the servant of God Almighty, fight against Me, if at all you have the strength to fight.P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2

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157 157 157 157 157 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 21.To Win the Love of Allah Allahumma innee as'aluka hubbaka wa hubba man-yu- hibbuka wal `amal-alladhee yu-ballighu-nee hubbaka: Allahum-maj`al hubbaka ahabba ilayya min-nafsee, wa ahlee, wa minal maa’il-baaridi O Allah! I supplicate You to grant me Your love, and the love of those who love You and the action which may lead me to win Your love.And make my love for You dearer to me than myself, my family and cold (refreshing) water.(Tirmidhi Kitab-ud-Da`waat)) This grand prayer of the Holy Prophet sa (previ- ously, of Hadrat Dawood as ), demonstrates his intense love for God Almighty, and his strong desire to continue to become as near as pos- sible to his beloved —Allah.God’s special love for His beloved Prophet sa is, in turn, manifested in this verse of the Holy Qur’an (3:32): Say, “If you love Allah, follow me: then will Allah love you and forgive your sins.” Thus, to win the love of God, it is obligatory upon us to follow the Holy Prophet sa , and say the above prayer as frequently as possible.4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA

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158 158 158 158 158 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 1.To get rid of Difficulties Allahumma innee a`oodhubika min jahdil balaa’i wa darkish- shiqaa’i wa soo’il-qadaa’i wa shamaata-til a`daa’i O Allah! I seek Your protection against the hardship of afflic- tions, coming of misfortune, bad decision-making and against mocking by enemies 2.In Restlessness and Distress (a) Allahum-mas-tur `au-raati- naa wa aamin-rau`aa-tinaa O Allah! Cover our weak- nesses and relieve us of our restlessness (b) Yaa hayyu yaa qayyoomu bi- rahmatika astaghees Pr Pr Pr Pr Pra a a a ay y y y yer er er er ers of s of s of s of s of the the the the the Hol Hol Hol Hol Holy Pr y Pr y Pr y Pr y Prophet ophet ophet ophet ophet sa sa sa sa sa (without commentary) P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3

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159 159 159 159 159 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION O (Allah), the Living, the Self- Subsisting, I appeal to Your mercy (c) Laa-ilaaha illAllah-ul `azeem-ul hakeem There is no God but Allah; The Great, The Wise (d) Laa-ilaaha illAllahu rabbul `arshil `azeem There is no God but Allah; Who is the Lord of the Mighty Throne 3.To be Successful Rabbanaa aa-tinaa milladunka rahmatanw-wa hayyi' la-naa min amrinaa rasha-daa.Rabbish-rahlee sadree wa yassir-lee amree O our Lord! Bestow on us Your mercy, and guide us to suc- cess in our affair.O My Lord, open up for me my heart (in- crease my understanding) and ease for me my task 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA

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160 160 160 160 160 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 4.To Control One’s Anger Allahummagh-fir-lee dhambee wa adh-hib ghaiza qalbee wa a-jirnee minash-shaitaa-nir- rajeem Oh Allah! Forgive my sins and relieve my heart of my anger and take me in Your protection against the accursed Satan 5.For A Newly Married Couple BaarakAllahu laka, baarak- Allahu laka wa baaraka `alaikumaa wa jama`a baina- kumaa fil-khairi May Allah bless you.May Al- lah bless you.May Allah bless you both.May He unite you to the good of both of you 6.For the New Bride Allahumma inee as’aluka min- khairihaa wa khairi maa ja- baltahaa `alaihi wa a`oodhubika min sharrihaa wa sharri maa jabaltahaa `alaihi P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3

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161 161 161 161 161 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION O Allah, I seek from You her goodness and the goodness of her nature.And I seek Your protection against her harm and the harmful part of her nature.7.On Privacy with One’s Consort BismiLlahi Allahumma jannib- nash-shaitaana wa jannibish- shaitaana maa razaqtanaa In the name of Allah - O Allah, keep us away from Satan and keep Satan away from what You have provided us 8.To be Resigned to Divine Decree Alhamdu liLlahi `alaa kulli haalin Allah alone is worthy of all praise in every situation and condition 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA

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162 162 162 162 162 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 9.For Recouping a Loss `Asaa rabbunaa an-yyubdi lanaa khairanm-minhaa innaa ilaa rabbinaa raaghiboon Maybe our Lord will recom- pense us with something bet- ter; we turn to Him alone (in our loss) 10.On Gaining One’s Objective Alhamdu liLlahillazee bi- ni`matihee ta-timmus-saa- lihaatu All praise belongs to Allah with Whose blessing, all virtuous matters were accomplished 11.To Invoke Divine Help Allahumma anta `adudee wa naseeree bika ahoolu wa bika asoolu wa bika `uqaatilu P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3

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163 163 163 163 163 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION O Allah, You are my strong arm and my helper.It is with Your help that I go about, with Your help that I attack and with Your help that I fight my battle.(Abu Dawood- Kitabul Jihad) 12.When It Rains Allahum-maj`alhu sababa rahmatin-wa laa taj`alhu sababa `adhaabin O Allah, make it a source of mercy, and do not make it a source of punishment 13.On Hearing Thunder Crack Allahumma laa taqtul-naa bi- ghadabi-ka wa laa tuhlik-naa bi `adhaabika wa `aafinaa qabla dhaali-ka O Allah, do not kill us with Your anger and make us not perish with Your punishment and save us before it (overtakes us) 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA

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164 164 164 164 164 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 14.For Protection Against Difficulties Allahumma innee a-`oodhu- bika minal-hammi wal-huzni wa a-`oodhu-bika minal-`ajzi wal kasli wa a-`oodhu-bika minal- jubni wal-bukhli wa a-`oodhu- bika min ghalaba-tid-daini wa qahrir-rijaali; Allahum- makfi-nee bi-halaali- ka `an haraa-mika wa aghni- nee bi-fadlika `amman siwaaka O Allah, I seek Your protection against hardship and grief, I seek Your protection against the lack of means and lazi- ness; I seek Your protection against cowardice and miser- liness; I seek Your protection against being overwhelmed with debt and ill-treatment from people.O Allah, make Your lawful things sufficient for me and save me from Your unlawful things.And through Your mercy make me independent of everything other than You.P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3

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165 165 165 165 165 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 15.For Protection from Harm According to the The Holy Prophet sa , nothing can hurt him who says the following prayer three times in the morning and three times in the evening.Bismillaah-illadhee laa yadurru ma`asmihee shai’un fil ardi wa laa fis-samaa’i wa huwas-Samee`ul `Aleem In the Name of Allah, with the help of Whose name nothing in the world nor in the sky can hurt, and He is All-Hearing, All- Knowing.(Tirmidhi-Kitabud Da`wat) 16.Most Accepted Prayer of Forgiveness Allahumma anta Rabbee laa ilaaha illaa anta Khalaqtanee wa ana ‘abduka wa ana ‘alaa ‘ahdika wa wa ‘dika masta-ta’tu.A’oozu bika min sharri maa sana’tu Aboo’u laka bini’matika ‘alayya wa aboo’u bi-zanbee.Fa-ghfirlee fa-innahoo laa yaghfir-uz-zunooba illaa anta.4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA

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166 166 166 166 166 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION O Allah! You are my Lord.There is none worthy of wor- ship except You.You created me and I am Your servant.And I am as steadfast as I can be on (my) covenant with You and on (my) promise to You.I seek Your protection from the evil of my actions.I acknowledge Your bounties and I admit my sins.Hence, forgive me please, for there is certainly none who can forgive, except You.The Holy Prophet sa said that whosoever says this prayer in the morning or in the evening, and then he dies in the same day or same night, he will be admitted to para- dise.(NOTE: Mere verbal reading of the prayer is not sufficient.One should act accord- ingly so that one’s actions become com- patible with the prayer).P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS OF OF OF OF OF THE THE THE THE THE H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3

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167 167 167 167 167 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION P P P P Pr r r r ra a a a ay y y y yer er er er ers of s of s of s of s of the the the the the Pr Pr Pr Pr Promised Messiah omised Messiah omised Messiah omised Messiah omised Messiah as as as as as 1.For Recovery from illness (a) BismiLlahil-kaafee; b i s m i L l a h i s h - s h a a f e e ; bismiLlahil ghafoor-irraheem; bismiLlahil barr-il kareem; yaa hafeezu, yaa azeezu, yaa rafeequ yaa wa-lliyyu ishfinee (I seek help) in the name of Allah, the Sufficient.In the name of Allah, the Healer.In the name of Allah, the All For- giving, the Merciful.In the name of Allah, the Benign, the Generous.O Protector! O Mighty! O Companion! O Friend! Heal me.(Tadhkirah) (b) Ishfi-nee milla-dunka war- hamnee (O Allah!) Grant me recovery (from illness) and have mercy on me.(Tadhkirah) 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 P P P P P R A R A R A R A R AYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS O F O F O F O F O F THE THE THE THE THE P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS

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168 168 168 168 168 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 2.For Spiritual Elevation and Recovery from Illness Subhaan-Allah-i wa bi-hamdi- hee subhaa-n-Allahil-`azeem.Allahumma salli `alaa Muham- madin-wwa aali Muhammadin Holy is Allah and worthy of all praise; Holy is Allah, the Great.O Allah, bless Muhammad sa and the people of Muhmmad sa.(Roohaani Khazaa'in Vol.15, Taryaaqul Quloob.Also see Hadith 20, Part 3) 3.For Protection against Enemy Rabbi qullu shai’in khaa-dimu- ka rabbi fah-faznee wan-surnee war-hamnee O my Lord! Everything is Your servant.O my Lord! Protect me, help me, and have mercy on me.(Tadhkirah) 4.For Allah’s Help Rabbi innee maghloobun fanta-sir O my Lord, I am overcome (by the enemy), so come to my help.(Tadhkirah) P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS O F O F O F O F O F THE THE THE THE THE P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4

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169 169 169 169 169 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 5.For the Relief of Grief (a) Rabbi najji-nee min hammee O my Lord! Relieve me of my grief! (b) Yaa hayyu yaa qayyoomu bi- rahmati-ka astaghees O Living God! O Self-sub- sisting God! I seek Your mercy! (Tadhkira) 6.Seeking Allah’s Protection Yaa hafeezu yaa `azeezu yaa rafeeq O Protector! O Mighty! O Kind God! (I seek Your protection, Your support and Your friend- ship) (Tadhkirah) 7.For Increase in Knowledge (a) Rabbi ari-nee haqaa'i-qal ash-yaa’i O Lord! Show me the ultimate truth underlying everything (b) Rabbi `allim-nee maa hu-wa khairun `inda-ka O Lord! Help me learn that which You consider best for me.(Tadhkira) 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 P P P P P R A R A R A R A R AYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS O F O F O F O F O F THE THE THE THE THE P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS

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170 170 170 170 170 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 8.To have Children Rabbi hab-lee dhurriyya-tan tayyibah O Lord, bestow upon me pi- ous children (Tadhkirah) 9.Prayer to become Pious Rabbi adh-hib `annir-rijsa wa tahhir-nee tatheeraa O Lord! Cleanse me of dirt and purify me completely.(Tadhkirah) 10.For Allah’s Blessings Rabbij-`alnee mubaara-kan haithu maa kuntu O Lord! Make me blessed in all circumstances.(Tadhkirah) P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS O F O F O F O F O F THE THE THE THE THE P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4

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171 171 171 171 171 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 11.In Prostration (Sajdah-Salat) Yaa man huwa a-habbu min kulli mah-boobin ighfir-lee wa tub ilayya wa ad-khilnee fee `ibaadi-kal mukhli-seen (O my Lord!) You are the One Who is far more worthy of love than any one dear to me, for- give me and grant me Your mercy, and make me among Your faithful servants.(Letter to Ch.Rustam Ali Sahib, Febru- ary 1888) 12.For Success in Calling to Allah Rabbi ari-nee kaifa tuh-yil mau-taa.Rabbigh-fir war-ham- mi-nassa-maa'i O my Lord, show me how You give life to the dead.O my Lord! Grant me Your forgive- ness and mercy (Tadhkirah) 13.For Reformation of Muslims Rabbi as-lih ummata Muham- madin O my Lord! Reform the people of Muhammad sa (Tadhkirah) 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 P P P P P R A R A R A R A R AYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS — P — P — P — P — P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS O F O F O F O F O F THE THE THE THE THE P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS

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172 172 172 172 172 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION P P P P P R A R A R A R A R AY E R S Y E R S Y E R S Y E R S Y E R S Prayers (Five Daily Prayers) - The Cause of Blessings The Promised Messiah as says: ‘There is no doubt about it that the prayers (five daily prayers) are the cause of blessings, but these blessings are not the lot of everybody.Only he whom God enables to pray is the one who prays.Otherwise the prayer is nothing more than a shell in the hand of the one who prays and it has nothing to do with the kernel.Same is the case with the Kalima.The person whom God enables to recite the Kalima is really the person who recites it.Unless one gets to drink from the heavenly fountain, reciting the Kalima and offering the prayers, these things cannot be of any avail.The prayer which produces sweetness and zeal, that strikes a communication with God and is offered in all humility brings about a change in the life of the man.And this change is instantaneously perceived by the one who prays like this.This change makes him realise that he is not what he was before.’...(Malfoozat vol.6, p.378)

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173 173 173 173 173 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION P P P P Part 5 art 5 art 5 art 5 art 5 1: Importance of Salat 2: Introduction to Salat 3: Salat 4: Other Prayers related to Salat 5: Table of Translation and Transliteration of Salat  Designed by: Saud A.Khan Urdu Translation by: Prof.Mubarak A.Ansari Sala Sala Sala Sala Salat t t t t and its R and its R and its R and its R and its Rela ela ela ela elated ted ted ted ted Ma Ma Ma Ma Matter tter tter tter tters s s s s 173 173 173 173 173

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174 174 174 174 174 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Salat (Daily Prayer) wipes out sins The Holy Prophet sa asked, “If one of you had a stream flowing by his door and he takes a bath in it five times a day, would any dirt be left on him?” They replied, “No dirt would be left on him.” The Holy Prophet sa said: “This is the case with Salat (the five daily Prayers).Allah makes the Salat wipe out sins.” (Bukhari) S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T

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175 175 175 175 175 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Impor Impor Impor Impor Importance of tance of tance of tance of tance of Sala Sala Sala Sala Salat t t t t Verily, Prayer is enjoined on the believers (to be per- formed) at fixed hours.(4:104) Surely, success does come to the believers, who are humble in their prayers.(23:2-3) I asked the Holy Prophet sa : “Which action is dearest to Allah?” He answered: “Performance of Salat (Prayer) at its proper time.” (Bukhari) Salat is the spiritual apex of the believer Salat is a pillar of faith Prayer is the kernel (essence) of worship (Salat) Al-Qur'an Ahadith 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT — I — I — I — I — I MPORTANCE MPORTANCE MPORTANCE MPORTANCE MPORTANCE O F O F O F O F O F S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT

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176 176 176 176 176 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Surely, the first action that a (believing) person will be brought to account for on the Day of Judgement, will be Salat A (believing) person is nearest to his Lord when in prostration, so pray much (during prostration) The Founder of the Ahmadiyya Jama`at, the Promised Messiah as says: Salat is very important and it is the apex of the spiritual exaltation of the true believer.Salat is the best me- dium of interacting with God in Prayer....Salat is nothing but presenting oneself before God Almighty, and it is a combination of praising God and an attempt at the expiration of one’s sins.One who does not keep these purposes in view, derives no ben- efit from Salat.The Promised Messiah as S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT — I — I — I — I — I MPORTANCE MPORTANCE MPORTANCE MPORTANCE MPORTANCE OF OF OF OF OF S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1

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177 177 177 177 177 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Hadrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh Therefore, you must perform Salat in the best pos- sible manner.When you are in the standing pos- ture, your whole appearance must reflect the fact that you are standing before God in all humility.When you bow before Him in Salat , it must be a reflection of the bowing of your heart.When you fall prostrate, your manner must be that of a man who is inspired by fear of God.And pray a lot for your spiritual as well as material uplift.” (Al-Hakam, May 31, 1903) Hadrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh says: Salat (Prayer) is the minimum standard of remem- brance of God, without which one cannot maintain spiritual life.There can be no guarantee of a glori- ous future for the Jama’at unless those who observe Salat today, bring up their future generation steeped in the observance of Salat.Therefore, I very humbly request every adult Ahmadi to very honestly take stock of the existing state of the performance of Salat by their children at home.I am afraid that the resulting findings will upset you, because the conditions in which we find our children today is certainly not satisfactory.(Friday Sermon: July 22, 1988) 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT — I — I — I — I — I MPORTANCE MPORTANCE MPORTANCE MPORTANCE MPORTANCE O F O F O F O F O F S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT

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178 178 178 178 178 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Intr Intr Intr Intr Introduction to oduction to oduction to oduction to oduction to Sala Sala Sala Sala Salat t t t t (Pr (Pr (Pr (Pr (Pra a a a ay y y y yer) er) er) er) er) There are four types of Prayers as follows: The Arabic word, Fard , means obligatory.Fard Prayer is performed in congregation behind an Imam preferably in a mosque.But when one is un- able to offer it in the Mosque or in congregation, one can offer it alone in one’s home or another place.There are five daily Fard Prayers.It is a very serious sin in the sight of Allah to intentionally miss a Fard Prayer.How- ever, if one happens to miss it unintentionally, one may offer it as a Qadaa Prayer, i.e., a Missed Prayer.These Prayers are regarded as Waajib (necessary), but not obligatory.The Vitr, Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adhiya Prayers are the Waajib Prayers.It is a sin to intentionally miss a Waajib Prayer, but if one happens to miss it unin- tentionally, he is not required to offer it as a Qadaa Prayer.It was the practice of the Holy Prophet of Islam sa to offer additional Prayers before and after Fard Prayers.These are called Sunnah Prayers.It is very rewarding to offer these Prayers, but to miss them intentionally is an act of disapproval in the sight of Allah.These additional but optional Prayers are preferably performed in one’s home, and in as many numbers as one likes.By offering them, one can achieve further blessings of Allah.Moreover, the Sunnah and Nawaafil Prayers make good any shortcomings in the performance of Fard Prayers.Tahajjud Prayer is among the Nawaafil Prayers (described later in this section).It is reported in Ahadith that our beloved Holy Prophet sa used to offer Nawaafil very frequently.They should be performed two raka`aat at a time.One can perform as many Nawaafil Prayers as one likes.Types of Prayers Fard Prayers Waajib Prayers Sunnah Prayers Nafl Prayers (Nawaafil) S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT — I — I — I — I — I NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION T O T O T O T O T O S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2

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179 179 179 179 179 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION A raka`ah is one whole series of postures which starts from standing and ends with prostration.If we stand twice it means we have prayed two raka`aat.If the Prayer is composed of four raka`aat, we have to sit down after two raka`aat and recite at-tashahhad and then stand up without ending our Prayer and complete our four raka`aat by saying two more raka`aat.The table of raka`aat for various Prayers is as follows: Table of Raka`aat There are five daily Prayers, each of which should be performed at its own appointed time.But in exceptional circumstances, when Prayer at five sepa- rate times is not practicable, the midday (Zuhr) and afternoon (`Asr) Prayers can be joined together.Similarly, after sunset, Maghrib and Ishaa' Prayers can also be joined.The timings are as follows: 1.Fajr — from dawn (first light of day) to just before sunrise.2.Zuhr — from the decline of the sun to the start of the time of `Asr Prayer 3.`Asr — from mid-afternoon to quite some time before sunset, when the sunlight has paled.4.Maghrib — immediately after sunset and continues till dusk (i.e., just before it gets quite dark).5.Ishaa' — starts at nightfall and continues up to midnight.It is forbidden to perform Salat or Nawaafil at the following times: • When the sun is rising, setting or at its zenith • After `Asr Prayer till sunset.• After Fajr Prayer till sunrise.Timings 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T — I — I — I — I — I NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION T O T O T O T O T O S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T (Nafl) (Nafl) (4) (2) (2) (2) Note: (Nafl) = Optional Prayer; Total Raka‘at does not include Nafl count.

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180 180 180 180 180 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION When a person is on a journey, the Sunnah raka`aat are dropped in every Prayer except in the Fajr Prayer.The four Fard raka`aat of Zuhr, `Asr and Ishaa’ are reduced to two raka`aat each.♦ During Salat you must not look around, talk or answer anyone.♦ If you join a congregation late i.e., when they have already finished some raka`aat , you should not finish your Prayers when they do.Instead you should stand up when they finish, without ending your Prayer and com- plete your Prayer by performing the raka`aat that you missed.♦ You must try and reach the mosque in time for the Prayers, but if you happen to be late, don’t run or push others to join the congregation, but walk briskly with dignity towards Mosque.♦ You should fully concentrate on the Prayer rather than thinking of other things.During Prayer, pay full attention to Allah as if you are seeing Him, or at least, He is observing you.♦ The head should be covered while praying.♦ Do not walk or pass in front of those who are engaged in Prayer.♦ A woman can lead Salat only in a women’s congregation.She should stand in the middle of the first row among other women and not ahead of the first row.♦ If the Imam forgets and commits a mistake while leading the Prayers, the followers could remind him by saying Subhaan-Allah (Glory to Allah) loudly, but if the Imam does not correct his mistake, the followers should still follow him.When a mistake is made in the Prayer, it should be recti- fied by two prostrations at the end of the Prayer.This Prayer is performed in the pre-dawn hours of the night up to the start of the time of the Fajr Prayer.This is the most important Nafl Prayer for one’s progress in taqwa (righteousness) and nearness to Allah.The Holy Prophet sa is reported to have said that whosoever prayed at that time of the night with humility and sincerity would have his prayers more readily ac- cepted.He used to offer Tahajjud Prayer by performing four units of two raka`aat each, followed by three raka`aat of Vitr.However, one may offer from one to eight raka`aat.Salat while travelling Etiquette of Salat Tahajjud Prayer S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT — I — I — I — I — I NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION T O T O T O T O T O S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2

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181 181 181 181 181 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION This Prayer is among Nawaafil and consists of eight raka`aat and is of- fered in four units of two raka`aat each.This is to be performed each night during the month of Ramadan after Ishaa' or at the time of Tahajjud.This consists of two raka`aat and may be offered during the eclipse of the sun or the moon.There are two `Eids in a year.One is called the `Eid-ul-Fitr (Eid of end of fasting) and the other is called `Eid-ul-Adhiya ( Eid of sacrifices).The Eid-ul-Fitr is celebrated after the completion of one month of fasting in Ramadan.On this day, the Muslims are happy and rejoice for having been given the strength to fulfil their obligation of fasting.Everyone gets up early in the morning for the Fajr Prayer after which everyone bathes and puts on clean clothes and greets one another.After breakfast, the time of the `Eid Prayer starts.`Eid Prayer is usually held in an open space, prefer- ably away from populated areas.The Imam leads the Prayer which consists of two raka`aat.He repeats Takbeerat (i.e., Allahu Akbar) seven times in the first Raka`ah and five times in the second one.In the first Raka`ah , after the first Takbeer and Thanaa, but before At-ta`awwuz, h e raises his hands to earlobes seven times, saying aloud the Takbeer each time.He drops his arms to his sides each time until after the seventh Takbeer , when he folds his arms and proceeds with the Prayer in a normal fashion.After the Prayer, the Imam gives the sermon on any appropriate topic.The same procedure is followed in Eid- ul-Adhiya Prayer.Eid-ul-Adhiya is celebrated to commemorate the obedience of Hadrat Ibrahim as and his son Hadrat Isma`eel as to the commandment of Allah.Hadrat Ibraheem as had a series of dreams in which he saw himself sacrificing his eldest son Isma`eel as.He inferred that it was perhaps the will of God that he should sacrifice his son alive.Hadrat Ibraheem as , being most obedient to God, was about to sacrifice his son Isma`eel alive, when God commanded him to stop and gave him the good news that he had indeed fulfilled His command.God was so pleased with Ibraheem as because of his obedience that He multiplied his progeny into billions up to the present time.He was also given the great honour of being the forefather of the Holy Prophet of Islam sa.Taraaweeh Prayer Kusoof Prayer `Eid Prayer Eid-ul-Fitr Eid-ul-Adhiya 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T — I — I — I — I — I NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION T O T O T O T O T O S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T

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182 182 182 182 182 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION On the day of `Eid, those Muslims who can afford to sacrifice an animal are required to do so after `Eid Prayer.Following Takbeeraat should be repeated on the `Eid day.Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest; there is no God but Allah; and Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest, and all praise belongs to Allah.A mosque is a place dedicated to the worship of God.Muslims are en- joined to observe the Salat in congregation.If one is unable to reach a mosque conveniently, or the journey to the mosque is unsafe, the Salat may be observed wherever convenient.The Holy Prophet sa said that the whole earth had been sanctified and made a mosque for Muslims.♦ As a mosque is a place of worship, it is forbidden to indulge in petty conversation or make any noise in it which could disturb others in their devotions.♦ As the Salat involves prostration, it is necessary that the floor of the mosque be kept absolutely clean.It is therefore forbidden to enter a mosque (the portions reserved for Prayer) with shoes on.♦ The mosque should be used only for worship and remembrance of Allah and related purposes.Purely worldly activities should not be carried on inside the mosque.♦ As a mosque is a place of congregation for people from various back- grounds, care must be taken to maintain a high standard of personal clean- liness.♦ As worship of Allah requires full concentration, a mosque should not contain pictures, paintings, images or any other object which might distract attention.No music is permitted in a mosque.The Significance of a Mosque Respect due to the Mosque S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT — I — I — I — I — I NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION T O T O T O T O T O S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2

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183 183 183 183 183 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Holy Prophet sa used to recite the following prayer on entering a mosque: In the name of Allah (I enter).All blessings and peace be upon the Prophet of Allah.O Allah! forgive me for my sins and open the doors of Your mercy upon me.Holy Prophet sa used to recite the following prayer on leaving a mosque: In the name of Allah (I leave).All blessings and peace be upon the Prophet of Allah.O Allah! forgive me for my sins and open the doors of Your blessings upon me.Salat must be preceded by Adhaan and Iqaamah.Adhaan means the call to Prayer.The Mu`adh-dhin (the person who calls Adhaan ), faces the Ka’abah and calls out aloud the words of Adhaan with both of his hands raised to his ears and his index fingers placed in them: On Entering a Mosque On Leaving a Mosque Adhaan Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest Ash-hadu allaa ilaaha ill-Allah Ash-hadu allaa ilaaha ill-Allah 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T — I — I — I — I — I NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION T O T O T O T O T O S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T

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184 184 184 184 184 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION I bear witness that there is none wor- thy of worship except Allah I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah Ash-hadu anna Muhammad-arr- rasool-uLlah Ash-hadu anna Muhammad-arr- rasool-uLlah I bear witness that Muhammad sa is the Messenger of Allah I bear witness that Muhammad sa is the Messenger of Allah Hayya `al-as-Salaah Hayya `al-as-Salaah Come to Prayer Come to Prayer Hayya `al-al-Falaah Hayya `al-al-Falaah Come to Prosperity Come to Prosperity Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest Laa ilaaha illa-Llah There is none worthy of worship except Allah S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT — I — I — I — I — I NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION T O T O T O T O T O S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2

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185 185 185 185 185 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The following phrases are added in the Adhaan for the Fajr Prayer after Hayya `alal falaah : As-salaatu khairum-minan-naum As-salaatu khairum-minan-naum Prayer is better than sleep Prayer is better than sleep The listener should repeat the words of the Adhaan and, on hearing the phrases Hayya-`alas-salaah and Hayya-`alal-falaah , he should say: Laa haula wa laa quwwata illah billaah (One has) no power (to be safe from sins) and no power (to do good) except with the help of Allah.After the Adhaan, the Mu`adh-dhin and others silently recite: Allaahuma Rabba haadhi-d-da`wati-t-taammati wassalaatil Qaa-’imati.Aati Muhammada-nil waseelata wal-fadeelata wad- darajatar-rafee`ata wab`athu maqaamam-mahmooda nilladhee wa`attahoo.‘Innaka laa tukhliful mee`aaad.O Allah! Lord of this perfect Call and of the Congregational Prayer to be offered! Bestow on Muhammad sa the means, the superior- ity and the high dignity and elevate him to the most exalted rank that You have promised him; surely, You do not break Your prom- ise.(The Holy Prophet sa said: I will intercede on the Day of Judgement in favour of the one who recites this prayer).Prayer during the Adhaan Prayer after the Adhaan 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T — I — I — I — I — I NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION T O T O T O T O T O S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T

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186 186 186 186 186 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Islam makes cleanliness of body and mind an essential part of Prayer.Along with the purification of heart, it also requires a Muslim to perform ablution before Salat.The Holy Prophet Muhammad sa is reported to have asked his companions on one occasion whether there could ever remain any dirt on the body of a person who took a bath five times a day in a stream flowing in front of his house.The companions replied in the negative.The Prophet then remarked that one who prayed five times a day could not have any filth or dirt on his person.In addition, ablution prepares one mentally for Salat.It also helps one's concentration in Prayer.One should say, BismiLlaahir- Rahmaanir-Raheem (In the Name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful) and perform Ablution as follows: 1.Washing the hands three times up to the wrist; the right hand first and then the left.2.Cleaning the mouth by rinsing it with water three times, massaging the gums at the same time.3.Cleaning out the nostrils thoroughly by putting some water in them.4.Washing the face three times.5.Washing the forearms including the elbows three times.6.Moistening the hands and running them over the head from front down to the neck, then running the thumbs around the ears and wiping inside.7.Washing the feet including the ankles, three times; the right foot first and then the left.In case socks are put on after ablution, then during the rest of the day, it is allowed to pass wet fingers over them, instead of washing the feet each time, provided these have not been taken off during this time.Alaahumaj`alnee minat-tawwaabeena waj`alnee minal mutatah-hireen (Kauzul A’mal, Vol-9) O Allah! Make me from among those who repent of their sins and from among those who keep themselves pure and clean.Prayer after Wudu or Tayammum Ablution (Wudu) S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT — I — I — I — I — I NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION T O T O T O T O T O S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2

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187 187 187 187 187 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION When a Fresh Ablution or Tayammum is to be made Iqaamah One of the excellences of Islam is that its ordinances can be carried out under all circumstances.It does not over-burden anyone.Thus if a person is sick or if water is not available, he is allowed to perform Tayammum instead of Wudu.Tayammum is performed by rubbing the hands which have touched on clean dust or powder and then wiping them over the face and forearms.Once ablution has been performed, one may participate in Salat as long as ablution does not lapse.When it lapses, ablution must again be made as part of the preparation for the Salat.Lapse or termination of ablution can happen in any of the following situations: ♦ Sleeping, dozing off while leaning against a support, urination, def- ecation, passing wind, unconsciousness, injury, bleeding or vomiting.♦ Consorting with one’s spouse or a wet dream entails a bath for the purpose of returning to a state of canonical cleanliness.Iqaamah is said just before the commencement of congregational Prayer (for transliteration, see Adhaan): Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest.I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah I bear witness that Muhammad sa is the Messenger of Allah.Come to Prayer Come to Prosperity Prayer is starting ( Qad qaamatis-salaah ) Prayer is starting ( Qad qaamais-salaah ) Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest.There is none worthy of worship save Allah.5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T — I — I — I — I — I NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION T O T O T O T O T O S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T Tayammum

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188 188 188 188 188 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Sala Sala Sala Sala Salat t t t t Niyyah - Intention (for Prayer) We start our Salat (Prayer) by standing straight, facing towards the Ka`bah, in Mecca, and say- ing the following prayer: Wajjahtu waj-hiya lilla-dhee fataras- samaawaati wal arda haneefan-wa maa ana minal mushrikeen I have turned my full attention towards Him Who has created the heavens and the earth, being ever- inclined to Him, and I am not one of those who associate partners with Allah The Imam then raises hands to ear-level, calls out Takbeer-e-Tahreema: Allahu-Akbar , ‘Allah is the Greatest’, then folds hands on his chest.During Salat, the congregation follows the Imam.While standing or sitting, the eyes are focussed on the place of prostration.The following glorification is then made silently: Thanaa’ - Glorification Subhaanak-Allahum-ma wa bihamdi- ka wa tabaara-kasmu-ka wa ta- `aalaa jadduka, wa laa ilaaha ghairuk Holy are You, O Allah, the Praise- worthy, and blessed is Your name, and exalted is Your Majesty, and there is none to be worshipped besides You S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT — S — S — S — S — S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3

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189 189 189 189 189 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION At-ta`awwuz A‘oodhu biLlahi minash-shaitaanir- rajeem I seek refuge with Allah from Satan the rejected In congregation, the Imam should recite Surah Al-Fatihah and the subsequent portion of the Holy Qur’an aloud — except in Zuhr and `Asr prayers Surah Al-Fatihah BismiLlahir-Rahman-ir-Raheem In the name of Allah the Gracious, the Merciful.Al-hamdu liLlahi rabbil-‘aalameen All praise belongs to Allah, Lord of all the worlds.Ar-Rahmanir-Raheem The Gracious, the Merciful.Maaliki yaumid-deen Master of the Day of Judgement.Iyyaaka na`budu wa iyyaaka nasta`een Thee alone do we worship and Thee alone do we implore for help.5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT — S — S — S — S — S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT

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190 190 190 190 190 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Ihdinas-siraatal-mustaqeem Guide us in the right path-- Siraatalla-dheena an`amta `alaihim, The path of those on whom Thou hast bestowed Thy blessings, ghairil-maghdoobi `alaihim wa lad- daal-leen.those who have not incurred Thy displeasure, and those who have not gone astray.Surah Al-Fatihah is recited in every raka`ah.After reciting Surah Al-Fatihah , a portion (preferably at least 3 verses or a short Surah) of the Holy Qur’an is also recited in the first two raka`aat only.One of the commonly recited portions is the following Surah: Surah Al-Ikhlaas BismiLlahi-r-Rahmanir Raheem In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful Qul Huw-Allahu Ahad Say, He is Allah, the One Allah-us-Samad Allah, the Independent and Besought of all S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT — S — S — S — S — S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3

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191 191 191 191 191 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Lam yalid wa lam yoolad He begets not, nor is He begotten wa lam ya-kullahoo kufuwan ahad And there is none like unto Him After reciting these verses or any other portion of the Holy Qur’an, the Imam announces the transition from the standing position to bowing (rukoo`) by calling out Allahu Akbar, “Allah is the Greatest.” The congregation then follows him into Rukoo` (bowing position), reciting the following Tasbeeh (glorification and praise): Rukoo` Subhaana Rabbi-yal `Azeem Holy is my Lord, the most Great While bowing, keep hands on the knees, back horizontal, and eyes focussed between the feet.This Tasbeeh is repeated 3 times or more in odd numbers (silently).Then, the Imam an- nounces the return to the standing position by calling out the following: Tasmee` Sami`-Allaahu liman hamidah Allah hears him who praises Him While standing, keep arms by the sides and eyes focussed on the place of prostration.The con- gregation then recites the following: 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT — S — S — S — S — S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT

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192 192 192 192 192 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Tahmeed Rabbanaa wa lakal hamd — hamdan katheeran tayyiban mubaarakan feeh Our Lord, Yours is the praise — praise that is abundant, pure and full of blessings After this, the Imam again says Allahu Akbar and goes down to prostrate.While prostrating, the forehead, nose, palms of both hands, knees and toes should be touching the ground.Do not let the elbows rest on the ground.When in pros- tration, the following glorification is recited: Sajdah (Prostration) Subhaana Rabbi yal a`laa Holy is my Lord, the most High This glorification is to be repeated three times or more in odd numbers (in silence).Then, the Imam says Allahu Akbar and sits down.We should sit down on our left foot while the toe of our right foot should be touching the ground — keeping the hands on the knees.In this posi- tion of Qa’dah, we recite prayer between two Sajdahs, as given below: Prayer between two Sajdahs Rabbigh-fir-lee warham-nee, wa- hdi-nee wa aafi-nee, wa-jbur-nee wa-rzuq-nee, wa-rfa`-nee O my Lord, forgive me and have mercy on me, and guide me and grant me security and make good my short- coming, and provide for me and raise me up (in status) S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT — S — S — S — S — S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3

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193 193 193 193 193 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Again, say Allahu Akbar and prostrate in the same way and recite the same prayer that we did before.After the second prostration, the Imam says Allahu Akbar and sits down the same way as before.Then, everyone recites silently: At-Tashah-hud at-tahiyyaatu liLlahi, was-salawaatu wat-tayyibaatu as-salaamu `alaika ayyuhan-nabiyyu wa rahmat-Ullahi wa barakaatuhoo; as-salaamu `alainaa wa `alaa `ibaadi-Llahi- ssaaliheen; At this point, raise the index finger to recite: Ash-hadu allaa ilaaha illAllahu wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadan `abduhoo wa rasooluh All verbal worship is due to Allah — and all physical acts of worship and financial sacrifices.Peace be on you, O Prophet, and the Mercy of Allah and His Blessings.Peace be on us and the righteous servants of Allah.I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His Servant and Messenger.If this is the last raka`ah in a group of 2, 3 or 4 raka`aat, you should continue with the follow- ing prayers; otherwise, say Allahu Akbar, and continue with the next raka`ah, starting with Surah Al-Fatihah.5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT — S — S — S — S — S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT

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194 194 194 194 194 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Durood Shareef- Salat `alan- Nabee Allah-umma salli ‘alaa Muhammadin -wa `alaa aali Muhammadin, kamaa sallaita `alaa Ibraheema wa `alaa aali Ibraheema, innaka Hameed-um- Majeed O Allah, bless Muhammad and his people, as You did bless Abraham and his people — You are indeed the Praiseworthy, the Exalted Allah-umma baarik `alaa Muham- madinwa `alaa aali Muhammadin, kama baarakta `alaa Ibraheema, wa `alaa aali Ibraheema innaka Hameed-um-Majeed O Allah, prosper Muhammad and his people, as You did prosper Ibraheem and his people — You are indeed the Praiseworhty, the Exalted Then, we should recite prayers of our choice.The ones recited most often are: Concluding prayers Prayer 1 Rabbanaa aatinaa fid-dunya hasanatanw-wa fil-`aakhirati hasanatanw-wa qinaa `azaaban- naar Our Lord, grant us good in this world, as well as good in the world to come, and protect us from the torment of the Fire.(2:202) S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT — S — S — S — S — S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3

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195 195 195 195 195 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Prayer 2 Rabbij-al-nee muqeem-as-salaati wa min dhurriyyatee; Rabbanaa wa taqabbal du`aa.Rabba-naghfir-lee wa li-waali-dayya wa lil- mu’mineena yauma yaqoo-mul- hisaab My Lord, make me observe Prayer, and make my children too.Our Lord! Bestow Your grace on me, and accept my prayer.Our Lord, grant forgiveness to me, and to my par- ents, and to the believers on the day when the reckoning will take place.(14: 41-42) We then turn our face first to the right and then to the left saying both times the following: Salaam Assalaamu-alaikum wa Rahmat- Ullah Peace be on you and the blessings of Allah Tasbeeh At the end of the Prayer, one should say: Subhaan-Allah (Holy is Allah) 33 times, Alhamdu-Lillah (All praise belongs to Allah) 33 times, and Allahu Akbar (Allah is the Great- est) 34 times.5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 S S S S S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT — S — S — S — S — S ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT ALAT

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196 196 196 196 196 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Other Pr Other Pr Other Pr Other Pr Other Pra a a a ay y y y yer er er er ers R s R s R s R s Rela ela ela ela elated to ted to ted to ted to ted to Sala Sala Sala Sala Salat t t t t These prayers can be optionally said after Salat: Prayers after Salat Allahumma antas-salaamu wa minkas-salaamu tabaarakta yaa Dhal-jalaali-wal-ikraam O Allah! You are the Peace, and from You is peace; Blessed are You, O Lord of Majesty and Bounty (Mus- lim) astaghfir-Ullaha rabbee min kulli dhambin-wa atoobu ilaih I seek forgiveness from Allah for all my sins and turn towards Him (in all sincerity) rabbi innee zalamtu nafsee wa‘taraftu bi-dhambee faghfir- lee dhunoobee fa-innahoo laa yaghfirudh-dhunooba illaa anta O my Lord, I have wronged my soul, and I admit to my sins; so, forgive me my sins, for there is none other to forgive sins but You! S S S S S ALA ALA ALA ALA ALAT T T T T — O — O — O — O — O THER THER THER THER THER P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS R R R R R ELA ELA ELA ELA ELATED TED TED TED TED TO TO TO TO TO S S S S S ALA ALA ALA ALA ALAT T T T T 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4

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197 197 197 197 197 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION laa ilaaha ill-Allahu wahda- hoo laa shareeka lahoo lahul- mulku wa lahul-hamdu wa huwa ‘alaa kulli shai’in qadeer There is no God but Allah, the Unique, with no Partner; His is the Kingdom and His is all Praise; and He possesses power over all things.(Bukhari) Allahumma laa maani‘a limaa a‘taita wa laa mu‘tiya limaa mana‘ta wa laa yanfa‘u dhal- jaddi minkal-jadd O Allah! there is none to stop that which You bestow, and there is none to give that which You withhold, and of no benefit is the majesty of any noble against You.(Bukhari) Allahumma a’innee ‘ala dhikrika wa shukrika wa husni ‘ibadatika.O my Lord, help me so that I can properly perform Your remembrance and Your thanksgiving, and that I may worship You in the best pos- sible manner.(Tirmidhi) 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 S S S S S ALA ALA ALA ALA ALAT T T T T — O — O — O — O — O THER THER THER THER THER P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS R R R R R ELA ELA ELA ELA ELATED TED TED TED TED T O T O T O T O T O S S S S S ALA ALA ALA ALA ALAT T T T T

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198 198 198 198 198 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Friday Prayer is at the time of Zuhr Prayer.It contains a Khutbah (Ser- mon) and the four regular Fard raka`aat are reduced to two.The recita- tion of the Quran'ic verses is aloud.There are two Adhaan’ s, the first is just like that for Zuhr and the second one is just before the Imam stands to deliver the sermon.It is essential to say three raka`aat of Vitr Prayer after Ishaa' and before dawn, preferably after midnight and following the Tahajjad prayers.If one knows that he cannot get up at that time, it can be said after the two Sunnah raka`aat of Ishaa' Prayer (Muslim).Vitr Prayer is the said in the normal way except for the following: ♦ Qur'anic recitation after Surah Al-Fatihah is required in all three raka`aat ♦ It is the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet sa to recite Surah Al-A`laa, Al- Kaafiroon, and Al-Ikhlaas, respectively, in the raka`aat (Abu Dawood).♦ All three raka`aat can be said together with At-Tashahhud after two (Tirmidhi), or the first two and the third can be said independently.(Bukhari) ♦ Standing up after Rukoo` , we recite Du`aa Qunoot in Arabic after Tahmeed — as follows — O Allah! We beseech Your help and ask Your forgiveness and believe in You and trust in You and praise You in the best manner; and we thank You and we are not ungrateful to You, and we cast off and forsake him who disobeys You.O Allah! You alone do we worship and to You alone do we pray and we prostrate ourselves; and we rush to You and present ourselves, and we hope for Your mercy and we fear Your chastisement, for surely Your chastisement overtakes the disbelievers.Friday Prayer Vitr Prayer Du’aa Qunoot S S S S S ALA ALA ALA ALA ALAT T T T T — O — O — O — O — O THER THER THER THER THER P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS R R R R R ELA ELA ELA ELA ELATED TED TED TED TED TO TO TO TO TO S S S S S ALA ALA ALA ALA ALAT T T T T 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4

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199 199 199 199 199 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The sermon consists of two parts.In the first, the Imam recites At-Tashah- hud (ash-hadu...), ta’awuz, Surah Faatihah, and then addresses the Muslims in the local language.When he finishes his first sermon, he sits down for a moment and then stands up and reads the second part, the Khutbah Thaania, in the Arabic language, as follows: 5.4 All praise is due to Allah, we laud Him, we beseech help from Him and ask His forgiveness.We believe in Him, and we put our trust in Him, and we seek Allah's protection against the evils and mischiefs of our souls and from the bad results of our deeds.Whomsoever Allah guides on the right path, none can misguide him, and whomsoever He declares misled, none can guide him to the right path.And we bear witness that none deserves to be worshipped, save Allah.He is Alone, and has no partner.We bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Mes- senger.O servants of Allah! May Allah be merciful to you! Verily, Allah com- mands you to act with justice, and to do good to others and giving like kindred; and forbids indecency and manifest evil and wrongful transgres- sion.He admonishes you that you may take heed; you remember Allah, He too will remember you; call Him and He will make a response to your call; and verily Divine remembrance is the highest virtue.5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 S S S S S ALA ALA ALA ALA ALAT T T T T — O — O — O — O — O THER THER THER THER THER P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS R R R R R ELA ELA ELA ELA ELATED TED TED TED TED T O T O T O T O T O S S S S S ALA ALA ALA ALA ALAT T T T T

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200 200 200 200 200 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION When a serious and important matter is pending, it is recommended that after the Ishaa' Prayer and just before retiring, two raka`aat of voluntary Prayer should be said, to seek guidance and blessings from Allah.The fol- lowing supplication should be made during these two raka`aat: O Allah! I seek good from You out of Your knowledge and seek power from You out of Your power, and beg of You out of Your boundless Grace, for You have power and I have no power; and You have knowledge and I have no knowledge; and You have the best knowledge of all the unseen.O Allah! If according to Your knowl- edge, this project is to my good in the matter of spiritual affairs, and my worldly affairs, and in respect of my ultimate end, then make it possible for me and grant me facility con- cerning it; and bless it for me, but if according toYour knowledge, this project is harmful in my spiritual and worldly affairs, and in respect of my ultimate end, then cause it to move away from me and cause me to move away from it, and designate for me good, wherever it may be, and then make me pleased with it.Istikhaarah Prayer Marriage Sermon The following is the Arabic sermon which the Holy Prophet sa used to de- liver on occasion of the solemnization of a marriage.This sermon may be followed by another in one’s own language.The ceremony is completed by the public declaration by the groom, and the bride's walee (father or guard- ian), of their consent to the marriage.S S S S S ALA ALA ALA ALA ALAT T T T T — O — O — O — O — O THER THER THER THER THER P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS R R R R R ELA ELA ELA ELA ELATED TED TED TED TED TO TO TO TO TO S S S S S ALA ALA ALA ALA ALAT T T T T 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4

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201 201 201 201 201 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION All praise is due to Allah, we laud Him, we beseech help from Him and ask His forgiveness.We be- lieve in Him, and we put our trust in Him, and we seek Allah's pro- tection against the evils and mis- chiefs of our souls and from the bad results of our deeds.Whom- soever Allah guides on the right path, none can misguide him, and whomsoever He declares misled, none can guide him to the right path.And we bear witness that none deserves to be worshipped, except Allah.He is Alone, and has no partner.We bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.After this, I seek refuge with Allah from Satan, the rejected.(I begin) with the Name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merci- ful.O ye people! Fear your Lord, Who created you from a single being and created therefrom its mate, and from them two, spread many men and women, and fear Allah in Whose name you appeal to one another, and fear Him par- ticularly respecting ties of relation- ship.Verily, Allah watches over you.(4:2) O ye who believe! Fear Allah and say the right word.He will reform your conduct for you and forgive you your sins.And whoso obeys Al- lah and His Messenger, shall surely attain a mighty success.(33:71-72) 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 S S S S S ALA ALA ALA ALA ALAT T T T T — O — O — O — O — O THER THER THER THER THER P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS R R R R R ELA ELA ELA ELA ELATED TED TED TED TED T O T O T O T O T O S S S S S ALA ALA ALA ALA ALAT T T T T

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202 202 202 202 202 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION O ye who believe! Fear Allah and let every soul look to what it sends forth for the morrow.And fear Al- lah; verily Allah is Well-Aware of what you do.(59:19) S S S S S ALA ALA ALA ALA ALAT T T T T — O — O — O — O — O THER THER THER THER THER P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS R R R R R ELA ELA ELA ELA ELATED TED TED TED TED TO TO TO TO TO S S S S S ALA ALA ALA ALA ALAT T T T T 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 There is no God but Allah, the For- bearing and Noble; Holy is Allah, the Lord of the Great Throne; All praise belongs to Allah, the Lord of all the Worlds; (O Lord) I ask You of the causes of Your mercy and the means of Your forgiveness; grant (me) from all that is good and secu- rity from all sin; do not leave for me any sin that You have not forgiven, and no grief that You have not bro- ken (dispelled); and no desire, that pleases You, that You have not ful- filled; O Most Merciful.According to the Holy Prophet saw , if you are ever in need of something, you should perform Wudu (ablution), say two raka`aat Nafl Prayer.Following the prayer, recite thanaa and salaat-`alan-nabi (see previous section).Then, the following prayer should be recited: Salatul Hajah (Prayer in Need)

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203 203 203 203 203 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 S S S S S ALA ALA ALA ALA ALAT T T T T — O — O — O — O — O THER THER THER THER THER P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS R R R R R ELA ELA ELA ELA ELATED TED TED TED TED T O T O T O T O T O S S S S S ALA ALA ALA ALA ALAT T T T T When a Muslim dies, other Muslims have to do the following: ♦ Wash the body of the deceased.♦ Wrap the body in two unsewn cloths from head to foot.♦ The funeral prayer is performed in congregation led by an Imam.The wrapped body is laid in front of the Imam for the Prayer, and the rows behind the Imam should be in odd numbers.♦ The Imam begins the Prayer by loudly saying Allahu Akbar (Allah is the Great- est).Then after Thanaa and At-ta`awwaz , the Imam and the followers recite Surah Al-Fatihah in silence.The Imam again loudly says Allahu Akbar , and he and the followers recite Salat alan-Nabi (see 5.3) silently.The Imam then, for the third time, says Allahu Akbar loudly and the following prayer is recited silently: Funeral Prayer Allahummagh-fir li-hayyinaa wa mayyitinaa wa shaahidinaa wa ghaa’ibinaa wa sagheerinaa wa kabeerinaa wa dhakarinaa wa unthaanaa.Allahumma man ahyaitahoo minnaa fa-ahyihee ‘alal-islaami wa man tawaffaitahoo minnaa fa-tawaffahoo ‘alal-eemaan.Allahumma laa tahrimnaa ajrahoo wa laa taftinnaa ba‘dah.O Allah! forgive our living ones and our deceased ones; and those of us who are present and those of us who are absent; and our young ones and our old ones; and our males and our females.O Allah!, those of us whom You grant life, keep them firm on Is- lam; and those of us whom You cause to die, cause them to die in the faith.Deprive us not, O Allah, of the benefits relating to him (the deceased) and subject us not to trials after him.

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204 204 204 204 204 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION S S S S S ALA ALA ALA ALA ALAT T T T T — O — O — O — O — O THER THER THER THER THER P P P P P RA RA RA RA RAYERS YERS YERS YERS YERS R R R R R ELA ELA ELA ELA ELATED TED TED TED TED TO TO TO TO TO S S S S S ALA ALA ALA ALA ALAT T T T T 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 After this, the Imam says Allahu Akbar and the Prayer is concluded by saying Assalamu `Alaikum wa Rahmatullah by turning his face to the right and then to the left.It must be remembered that there are no Rukoo` or Sajdah in Janaza Prayer.The body is then buried in the cemetery.It is the duty of all those Muslims who can afford the time to go with the funeral procession to the cemetery and remain thereuntil the corpse is buried.If the deceased is a female, read ajra-haa and ba ` adahaa in place of ajra-hoo and ba`ada-hoo.In the case of a deceased male or female child, the preceding funeral prayer is replaced by: Allahumaj ‘alhu (a’l-haa, if female child ) lana salafan wa faratan wa zulkhran wa ajran wa shaafi’an (shaafi’atan, if female child ) wa mushfaffi’an (mushafi-’atan, if female child ) O Allah! Make him (her) for us a forerunner and a source of com- fort, a treasure and a reward, and make him (her) as a pleader and accept his (her) pleading.

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205 205 205 205 205 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T — T — T — T — T — T A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E O F O F O F O F O F T T T T T R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D T T T T T R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N T T T T Ta a a a ab b b b ble of le of le of le of le of T T T T Tr r r r ransla ansla ansla ansla anslation & tion & tion & tion & tion & T T T T Tr r r r ransliter ansliter ansliter ansliter anslitera a a a ation of tion of tion of tion of tion of Sala Sala Sala Sala Salat t t t t Niyya - Intention (for Prayer) Thanaa’

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206 206 206 206 206 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T — T — T — T — T — T A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E O F O F O F O F O F T T T T T RANSLATION RANSLATION RANSLATION RANSLATION RANSLATION A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D T T T T T RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 At-ta’awwuz Surah Al-Fatihah

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207 207 207 207 207 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T — T — T — T — T — T A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E O F O F O F O F O F T T T T T R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D T T T T T R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N

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208 208 208 208 208 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T — T — T — T — T — T A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E O F O F O F O F O F T T T T T RANSLATION RANSLATION RANSLATION RANSLATION RANSLATION A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D T T T T T RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 Surah Al-Ikhlaas

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209 209 209 209 209 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T — T — T — T — T — T A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E O F O F O F O F O F T T T T T R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D T T T T T R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N Tasmee’ Rukoo’

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210 210 210 210 210 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T — T — T — T — T — T A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E O F O F O F O F O F T T T T T RANSLATION RANSLATION RANSLATION RANSLATION RANSLATION A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D T T T T T RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 Tahmeed Sajdah Prayer between two Sajdahs

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211 211 211 211 211 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T — T — T — T — T — T A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E O F O F O F O F O F T T T T T R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D T T T T T R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N At-Tashah-hud

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212 212 212 212 212 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T — T — T — T — T — T A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E O F O F O F O F O F T T T T T RANSLATION RANSLATION RANSLATION RANSLATION RANSLATION A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D T T T T T RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5

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213 213 213 213 213 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T — T — T — T — T — T A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E O F O F O F O F O F T T T T T R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D T T T T T R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N Salat ‘alan Nabee

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214 214 214 214 214 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T — T — T — T — T — T A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E O F O F O F O F O F T T T T T RANSLATION RANSLATION RANSLATION RANSLATION RANSLATION A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D T T T T T RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5

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215 215 215 215 215 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T — T — T — T — T — T A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E O F O F O F O F O F T T T T T R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D T T T T T R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N Concluding Prayers (before Salaam)

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216 216 216 216 216 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T — T — T — T — T — T A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E O F O F O F O F O F T T T T T RANSLATION RANSLATION RANSLATION RANSLATION RANSLATION A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D T T T T T RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION RANSLITERATION 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5

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217 217 217 217 217 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T — T — T — T — T — T A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E A B L E O F O F O F O F O F T T T T T R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N R A N S L A T I O N A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D T T T T T R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N R A N S L I T E R A T I O N Salaam Tasbeeh

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218 218 218 218 218 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION S S S S S A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T A L A T Sayings of The Holy Prophet sa regarding the Importance of Prayer ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Prayer is the essence of worship.♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Prayer averts misfortune.♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Pray in the full certainty of acceptance and remember that Allah does not respond to prayer which proceeds from a careless, neglectful heart.♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ He who does not supplicate Allah for his needs displeases Him.♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Beg of Allah forgiveness and security, for next to faith no one is given anything which is better than security.♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Beg of Allah all that you stand in need of, even the salt you need or the shoe-lace that has snapped.♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ He who desires that Allah should accept his prayers when he is distressed and hard-pressed, should pray constantly when he is at ease.♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ To think well of people is also worship.♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ A morning or evening spent in the cause of Allah is of greater value than the world and all it contains.♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Exalt your homes by offering part of your prayers therein lest you convert them into graveyards.(Wisdom of The Holy Prophet by: Muhammad Zafrullah Khan)

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219 219 219 219 219 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION P P P P Part 6 art 6 art 6 art 6 art 6 T T T T The Hol he Hol he Hol he Hol he Holy Pr y Pr y Pr y Pr y Prophet ophet ophet ophet ophet Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad sa sa sa sa sa and his Successor and his Successor and his Successor and his Successor and his Successors s s s s 1: Life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa 2: Khilaft-e-Rashidah 3: Hadrat Abu Bakr ra 4: Hadrat `Umar Farooq ra 5: Hadrat `Uthman Ghani ra 6: Hadrat `Ali ra  By: Col.(Retd.) Dildar Ahmad Sheikh Abdul Hadi 219 219 219 219 219

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220 220 220 220 220 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The Promised Messiah as ’s Love for the Holy Prophet sa The Promised Messiah as writes: ‘It is my personal experience that to obey the Holy Prophet sa , peace be on him, with a sincere heart and to love him, ulti- mately makes a person beloved of God..God creates in his heart a burning for His Own love and such a one, withdrawing his heart from everything else, leans towards God and his affection and desire remain only for God Almighty’...(Haqiqatul Wahee, p.65) ‘One night this humble one called down blessings on the Holy Prophet sa to such a degree that my heart and soul were filled with its fragrance.That night I saw in my dream that angels were carrying water-skins full of light into my house and one of them said to me: These are the blessings that you called down on Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be on him’ (Braheen-e-Ahmadiyya, p.576, sub-footnote 3).H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P R O P H E T R O P H E T R O P H E T R O P H E T R O P H E T SA SA SA SA SA A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S

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221 221 221 221 221 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The Holy Prophet Muhammad sa belonged to the tribe of Quraish, the leading tribe of Mecca which was a principal town of Arabia.The Quraish were descendants of Prophet Ibraheem as , through his son, Prophet Isma`eel as.The Ka`bah was rebuilt by Ibraheem as and his son Isma`eel as some 2,600 years before the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa.At the time of the birth of prophet Muhammad sa , the whole world seemed to be passing through a period of extreme moral and religious decline.The conditions in Arabia were specially worse.The Arabs suffered from extreme moral vices such as drinking, gambling, and brutal deeds during frequent and endless fights due to tribal rivalries.Although the Arabs believed in a Supreme God and in the prophethood of Abraham as , yet they worshipped many other gods in the form of idols.They had installed some 360 idols in the Ka`bah itself where the Arabs from all over Arabia used to come for their annual pilgrimage.However, they pos- sessed some good qualities such as hospitality, sense of honour, bravery, and love for poetry.Women enjoyed little status in the Arab society.Certain families had the savage custom of burying alive their baby girls.Slavery was common among them and the condition of slaves was full of misery and extreme hardships.It was among such people that the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa was born.Some time before the birth of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa , Abraha, Ethiopia’s viceroy in Yemen, led an expedition against Mecca with the intention of destroying the Ka`bah.But his expedition completely failed.A large part of his army of 20,000 strong, which rode on elephants, was destroyed by an epidemic and their rotting bodies were eaten up by swarms of birds.This year is known as the Year of the Elephant.The Qur’anic Surah Al-Feel refers to the same event.(Al-Qur’an 105:1-6) His Family Background Arabia at the Time of His Birth Abraha’s Invasion of Mecca Lif Lif Lif Lif Life of e of e of e of e of the Hol the Hol the Hol the Hol the Holy Pr y Pr y Pr y Pr y Prophet ophet ophet ophet ophet Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad sa sa sa sa sa Adapted from the book Seerat Sayyedul Ambiyaa authored by Hadrat Sheikh Abdul Qadir rh , Ex.Sodagar Mal.6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — L — L — L — L — L I F E I F E I F E I F E I F E O F O F O F O F O F H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA

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222 222 222 222 222 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The Holy Prophet Muhammad sa was born in Mecca on April 20, 571 A.D.in the respected family, Haashimite of the tribe of Quraish.( Seerat Khatamun Nibiyyeen, authored by Hadrat Mirza Bashir Ahmad ra ) His father, Abdullah, died some time before his birth.His mother, Aminah, had seen a vision, also some time before his birth.In this vision, an angel proposed to her the name Muhammad sa for her child.Also, she saw that glittering lights, emitting from herself, spread all over the world.(Seerat Ibne Hash-shaam) The young Muhammad sa was brought up under the care of his grandfather, Abdul Muttalib, the chief of Mecca.He entrusted him to the care of nurse Haleema, as was the custom in Mecca.His mother died when he was about six years old, and just 2 years later, his grandfather also passed away.Now, the young Muhammad sa passed under the care of his uncle, Abu Talib.He already had a large family to support, and was by no means a rich man, yet he accorded great care and love to his little nephew.Muhammad sa behaved in a calm, obedient and friendly manner in his years of upbringing.As Prophet Muhammad sa grew to manhood, he won great respect for his excellent conduct.Soon he was known among his fellow Meccans as Al-Ameen meaning “The Trusty” and as-Saadiq meaning “The Truthful”.He used to assist his uncle in his day-to-day life, and when he was 12 years of age, accompanied him in a trade caravan to Syria.He always tried to refrain from taking part in the quarrels of others, but was ever ready to help put an end to such quarrels.as a result of this, he became an active member of the famous association in which members undertook a pledge called Hilful-Fadool , to help the oppressed people and to restore their rights.Hadrat Khadijah ra , a rich widow of Mecca, on hearing Muhammad sa ’s fame as an honest young man, employed him as her trade agent.In this capacity, he led some trade caravans to Syria and brought back considerable profits.Hadrat Khadijah ra was much impressed and made a proposal of marriage to Muhammad sa which was accepted.He was twenty-five when he married Hadrat Khadijah ra , who was forty and had been twice widowed.She placed all her wealth at her husband’s disposal.Muhammad sa distributed a significant part of her wealth among the poor and chose a life of austerity for himself and his wife.Birth and Childhood (April, 571 A.D.) Youth of Prophet Muhammad sa Marriage to Khadija ra (595 A.D.) H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA AND AND AND AND AND S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — L — L — L — L — L IFE IFE IFE IFE IFE OF OF OF OF OF H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1

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223 223 223 223 223 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION When the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa was about 35 years old, the Quraish decided to rebuild the Ka`bah.When the time came to replace the sacred Black Stone in its position, all the four leading families of the Quraish began to dispute as to who would have the honour to lift the Black Stone.It was Muhammad sa who managed to resolve this dangerous dispute.He spread out his cloak on the ground and placed the Black Stone on it.He then invited all the leading members of the Quraish to lift the cloak and carry the stone to its new place.Muhammad sa then lifted the stone and placed it in position.The Holy Prophet Muhammad sa was deeply troubled by the moral and spiritual decline of his people.He could see no way of rescuing them except with God’s help.He formed the habit of retiring to a cave on Mount Hira, where he spent his time in prayers and meditation.This practice continued for ten long years until he was forty years of age.In the year 610 A.D., on one night of Ramadan, when he was busy praying, as usual, he saw someone in a vision who was commanding him to recite: Read in the name of thy Lord Who created; created man from a clot of blood.Recite! And thy Lord is the most Beneficent; Who taught man by the pen; taught man what he knew not.(The Holy Qur'an, 96:2-6) This was in fact the Archangel Gabriel who had brought to him the first Qur’anic revelation from God.This was evidently the start of his prophethood.He was afraid in view of this great responsibility from God.His wife Khadijah ra gave him moral support and assured him that God would never leave him alone in his Divine mission.Hadrat Khadijah ra , then took the Prophet sa to her cousin, Waraqa bin Naufal, a Christian.He had studied some of the holy books of the previous prophets.That is why, on hearing the account from the Prophet, he said: “The angel who descended on Moses, I am sure, has descended on you” (Bukhari).Waraqa was evidently referring to the prophecy mentioned in the Bible (Deuteronomy 18:18).Rebuilding the Ka`bah (605 A.D.) The First Revelation (610 A.D.) 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — L — L — L — L — L I F E I F E I F E I F E I F E O F O F O F O F O F H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA

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224 224 224 224 224 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION After his proclamation as a prophet of God, the Holy Prophet sa started preaching secretly.Hadrat Khadijah ra was evidently the first person to declare faith in him.Then his freed slave, Zaid ra , his cousin, `Ali ra (about eleven) and his childhood friend, Abu Bakr ra accepted Islam.These were followed by Hadrat `Uthman bin `Affaan ra , Hadrat Abdur-Rahman bin `Auf, Hadrat Sa`ad bin Abi Waqqaas, Hadrat Zubair ra bin al-`Awwaam, Hadhrat Talhah bin `Ubaidah ra and more.The preaching in secret continued for about three years.Then, under divine guidance, the Holy Prophet sa started preaching openly and to his own tribe Quraish.He advised the people of Mecca to worship only one God, set free all the slaves, and be kind to the poor.The poor and the slaves of Meccans were attracted to the Islamic teachings which established their rights in the society.However, the rich and their chiefs, rejected his message and started persecuting and torturing the new converts, especially the slaves.Among these, were `Umar bin Hash-shaam (called Abu Jahal), Abu Lahab (Prophet's uncle), Abu Sufyaan and many others.In the fifth year of the Prophet’s mission (5 A.P.), when tyranny towards the Muslims reached its climax, he advised his followers to seek refuge in a foreign land, when a small party of Muslims (14 men and women) migrated to Abyssinia.There, they were given refuge by the Christian King named Negus (Najashi), despite opposition from the Quraish.Next year, another group (101 men and women) of Muslims emigrated to Abyssinia, where they stayed peacefully until the Holy Prophet's emigration to Medina.In the sixth year after prophethood (A.P.), two highly influential persons — Hadrat Hamzah ra and Hadrat `Umar bin Khattaab ra embraced Islam.This important event brought high support to the Muslims.However, the Quraish took it as a turning point for the spreading of Prophet's influence.They decided to punish the whole Hashimite clan (Muslims and non- Muslims).They were besieged in the valley of Sha`b-Abi-Talib and their complete boycott was declared.The Holy Prophet sa and some other Muslims were among them.During this period all supplies of food were cut off.This terrible situation lasted for three years.Start of Preaching and the First Believers in Islam (610 A.D.) Emigration to Abyssinia ( Habshah ) (615 A.D., 5 A.P.) The Muslims Besieged (617 A.D., 7 A.P.) H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA AND AND AND AND AND S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — L — L — L — L — L IFE IFE IFE IFE IFE OF OF OF OF OF H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1

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225 225 225 225 225 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION In this year, both his wife Khadijah ra and his uncle Abu Talib passed away one after the other.The Holy Prophet sa was much grieved due to these two great personal losses, and called this year “The Year of the Grief”.The Holy Prophet sa was even more disturbed when he saw that, in Mecca, nobody paid attention to his preaching at that time.He decided to go to Taa’if, a small town near Mecca, for preaching his message.There, too, he faced an extremely difficult situation — vagabonds and street boys pelted him with stones and drove him out of the town.The Holy Prophet sa did not lose heart and continued his preaching.During the season of Hajj, he met twelve newly converted Muslims from the city of Yathrib, at a place called `Aqaba.They all took an oath at the Prophet’s hands, called the First Pledge of `Aqaba (621 A.D.) During the next Hajj season, another group of 73 people from Yathrib took an oath at the Prophet’s hands and invited him to come to Yathrib.This oath is called the Second Pledge of `Aqaba (622 A.D.) After the second pledge of `Aqaba, the Muslims in Mecca started to migrate to Yathrib, as advised by the Holy Prophet sa.In the end, when only the Holy Prophet sa and some of his companions were left in Mecca, the Quraish decided to kill the Holy Prophet sa.The Quraish failed in their desperate efforts to arrest the Holy Prophet sa , who escaped Mecca in the company of Hadrat Abu Bakr ra and took refuge in cave Thaur and later, safely reached Yathrib on 27 June, 622 A.D.The Islamic Calendar, called the Hijrah (from emigration), dates from the above event.Also, Yathrib changed its name to Medina-tun-Nabi (The city of the Prophet) and later it was shortened to Medina.On his way to Medina, the Prophet sa stayed at Quba (a village near Medina) for a few days.There, he laid the foundations of the first mosque ever built by the Muslims.The Pledges of `Aqaba (621-622 A.D., 12-13 A.P) Hijrah (Emigration) to Medina (June 622 A.D: Start of the 1st Year of Hijrah ) The Islamic Calendar, the Hijrah The Year of the Grief and Visit to Taa’if (619 A.D., 10 A.P.) 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — L — L — L — L — L I F E I F E I F E I F E I F E O F O F O F O F O F H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA

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226 226 226 226 226 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The Muslims of Medina were extremely happy to receive the Holy Prophet sa and his companions.The Prophet sa , first of all, bought a piece of land in Medina and laid the foundation of a mosque, called Masjid Nabawi (The Prophet’s Mosque).The faithful at Medina extended their full cooperation and help to the Holy Prophet sa and his companions.The Holy Prophet sa called them Ansaar (helpers).The Meccan Muslims, who emigrated from Mecca for the sake of Allah, leaving behind all their possessions, were called Muhaajiroon (Emigrants).The Holy Prophet sa formally established ties of brotherhood between individuals of the two groups: Ansaar and Muhaajiroon Also, during the first year of his stay at Medina, the Holy Prophet sa instructed Hadrat Bilal ra to deliver the first Adhaan (Call to Prayer) During the second year of the Hijrah , the Holy Prophet sa instructed Muslims to face towards Ka`bah instead of Baitul Maqdas (the Temple at Jerusalem) during their daily prayers.When the Quraish of Mecca realized that the Muslims were trying to establish themselves in Medina, they decided to eliminate Islam by invading Medina.The Muslims were compelled to fight back in self-defence.Some of these battles are mentioned below: A well-equipped army of more than 1,000 Meccan warriors set out from Mecca to invade the Muslims in Medina.Abu Jahal was their commander.The Holy Prophet sa with 313 poorly equipped Muslims, confronted the Meccans at Badr, a place near Medina.In a fierce battle, the Meccans lost seventy men including their commander, Abu Jahal; the worst enemy of Islam.The Muslims, by the grace of Allah Almighty, were victorious and lost fourteen men in the fight.In a year’s time, the Meccans were again on the road to Medina, to avenge the humiliating defeat at Badr.But this time, they had a well armed force of The Prophet at Medina (27 JUNE 622 A.D., 1 A.H.or First Year After Hijrah) First Adhaan (1 A.H.) The Battles in Defence of Islam Battle of Badr (January 624 A.D., Ramadan, 2 A.H) Battle of Uhud (625 A.D.; Shawwaal, 3 A.H.) H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA AND AND AND AND AND S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — L — L — L — L — L IFE IFE IFE IFE IFE OF OF OF OF OF H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 Change of Qiblah (624 A.D, 2 A.H.)

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227 227 227 227 227 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 3000 soldiers with Abu Sufyaan as their leader.The Holy Prophet sa marched out of Medina with nearly 1000 men.Before reaching Uhud, Abdullah Bin Ubayy betrayed the Muslims and withdrew with his 300 men (Jews of Medina), leaving only 700 men with the Holy Prophet sa.At first, the Muslims fought so bravely that the Meccans were on the run.Seeing this, a group of fifty Muslims, who were appointed to guard a mountain pass located in the rear, started leaving their position.(Al-Qur’an, 3:153-55) Khalid Bin Waleed, one of the Meccan commanders, spotted that the opening was now unguarded.Soon, he gathered his fleeing men and attacked the Muslims from their rear.The Muslims suffered heavy losses.Even the Holy Prophet sa was hurt when a stone hurled at him broke two of his teeth, and he fell down unconscious, among the heap of Muslims lying dead.But the Meccan army could not achieve its prime target, because soon the scattered Muslims gathered around the Holy Prophet sa , and the Meccans left the battlefield.After the Battle of Uhud, the Holy Prophet sa narrowly escaped an attempt on his life, made by Banu Nadeer, a Jewish tribe.As a result of this, the Prophet ordered them to leave Medina.Most of them settled in Khyber and started instigating the Quraish against the Muslims.The Quraish were already alarmed at the spread of Islam despite the setback received by the Muslims at the battle of Uhud.The Meccans, along with their Jewish allies, once again marched upon Medina, under the leadership of Abu Sufyaan.The estimates of their army range from ten to twenty thousand.The Holy Prophet sa had only about three thousand men under his command.On the advice of Salman Farsi ra , the Prophet ordered his men to dig a defensive trench, about one mile long, on the open side of Medina.The Meccans were amazed to find their entry into the town blocked by the trench.They camped short of the trench and Medina was besieged for one month.They made continuous attempts to cross the trench, but failed.In the end, God’s help came in the form of a stormy night, when a fierce wind put out the bonfire in front of their camp.They considered it a bad sign which alarmed them so much that they started leaving the place in panic.Next morning, the Muslims were surprised to see that the plain was empty on the other side of the trench.Expulsion of Banu Nadeer (624 A.D.,Rabi-ul- Awwal 4 A.H.) Battle of Khandaq (Ditch) or Ahzaab (627 A.D., Shawwaal 5 A.H.) 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — L — L — L — L — L I F E I F E I F E I F E I F E O F O F O F O F O F H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA

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228 228 228 228 228 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION In 628 A.D., the Holy Prophet sa , after seeing in a dream that he visited the Ka`bah, made up his mind to perform ` Umrah.In February (month of Dhul- Qa`dah), he left Medina for Mecca, with nearly 1400 of his companions.He camped at Hudaibiyah, a place near Mecca.The Quraish were not willing to allow the Muslims to enter Mecca, and sent a strong force to intercept the Muslims.The Holy Prophet sa , sent Hadrat `Uthman ra as his messenger to the Quraish, to inform them that the Muslims wanted to perform `Umrah only.But a rumour that Hadrat `Uthman ra had been killed by the Quraish extremely disturbed the Holy Prophet sa and his companions.He sat down under a tree and invited his companions to take an oath called Bai`at-e Ridwaan.They all took the oath in complete submission and resolved to sacrifice their lives for the cause of Islam.The Quraish, on hearing of this pledge became flexible, and an agreement for a period of ten years was reached between the two sides, known as the ‘Truce of Hudaibiyah’.The conditions of this truce were apparently one-sided and seemed even humiliating for the Muslims.But in fact this paved the way for final victory over Mecca.After the Truce of Hudaibiyah, the Holy Prophet sa sent his envoys, with letters from him, to various kings such as: Heraclius, the Roman Emperor, the Emperor (Kisra) of Iran, the Ruler of Egypt, Najjashi, the King of Abyssinia, the Chief of Bahrain and many other rulers and tribal chiefs.Through these letters, all the rulers were invited to accept Islam.Many rulers, like the Heraclius of Rome and Najjashi of Abyssinia showed great respect and understanding for the letters.The chief of Bahrain even accepted Islam.There were some rulers, especially the Emperor of Iran, who received these letters with great arrogance and hostility.He tore the letter into pieces and issued orders for the arrest of the Holy Prophet sa.But he was soon overthrown and murdered by his own son, who cancelled these orders.After the Truce of Hudaibiyah, the Holy Prophet sa came to know that the Jews at Khyber were preparing to attack the Muslims.The Holy Prophet sa with 1600 of his followers, marched towards Khyber and captured their strongholds after fierce fighting.A Jewish woman presented a gift of poisoned meat to the Prophet sa and hoped to poison him to death.On the request of the Jews, the Prophet sa not only forgave them but also returned their land and gave them complete freedom.However, a land tax was imposed on them.Despite his kind behaviour, the Jews were not at all faithful.Bai`at-e Ridwaan and the Truce of Hudaibiyah (628 A.D.; 6 A.H.) Invitations to Kings to Accept Islam (628 A.D., Muharram 6 A.H.) The Battle of Khyber (March 628 A.D., Muharram, 7 A.H) H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA AND AND AND AND AND S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — L — L — L — L — L IFE IFE IFE IFE IFE OF OF OF OF OF H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1

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229 229 229 229 229 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION In the year 629 A.D.(Dhul Qa`dah, 7 Hijrah), the Prophet sa , in the company of nearly 2000 companions, performed `Umrah at Mecca, according to the terms of the Treaty of Hudaibiyah.However, the next year (630 A.D.) the Quraish committed a serious breach of the Treaty of Hudaibiyah, by attack- ing the Khuza`a , a tribe in alliance with the Muslims.The Holy Prophet sa had no choice but to fight the Quraish.In January 630 A.D., he advanced towards Mecca with a large force of ten thousand men, and camped just outside Mecca.The Meccans were alarmed at the news of the Prophet’s advance.Feeling helpless, they sent Abu Sufyaan and two others to the Muslim camp, to see if negotiation was possible.The Holy Prophet sa allowed them to pass the night in the camp.Abu Sufyaan was so much impressed by the love of the Muslims for the Holy Prophet sa that by sunrise, he and his companions ac- cepted Islam.The Holy Prophet sa accepted Abu Sufyaan’s proposal that the Meccans could have peace if they did not fight.Thus the Muslim forces marched victoriously into Mecca.The Holy Prophet sa proceeded straight to the Ka`bah and cleared it of all the idols.At this moment he recited the Qur’anic verse (17:82): Truth has come and falsehood has vanished away.Falsehood does indeed vanish away fast.The Holy Prophet sa then addressed the Meccans and declared a general am- nesty for all of them and said (Al-Qur’an, 12:93): No blame shall lie on you this day.These were the same Meccans who had inflicted immense hardship, suffer- ing and torture on the devoted followers of the Holy Prophet sa.These were the same Meccans who eventually compelled the Muslims to leave their motherland.But the Holy Prophet sa , at this moment of triumph was ex- tremely generous and forgave them all.Thus his enemies became his devoted followers.This was undoubtedly a unique act of forgiveness in the history of mankind and signified the vic- tory of love over hatred.The Holy Prophet sa had thus conquered not only Mecca but also the hearts of the Meccans.The Conquest of Mecca (Jan.630 A.D., Ramadan, 8 A.H.) 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — L — L — L — L — L I F E I F E I F E I F E I F E O F O F O F O F O F H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA

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230 230 230 230 230 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Within a month of the conquest of Mecca, the Holy Prophet sa had to face seventy thousand men of the Hawazin and allied tribes in the valley of Hunain.They had gathered for the last desperate effort to put an end to the spread of Islam.In the beginning, the Muslim forces suffered severe setbacks and the Prophet sa himself was left with only 12 companions.But soon the Muslims rallied together and the battle ended in complete victory (Al-Qur’an, 9:25- 26).In the summer of year 630 A.D., the Holy Prophet sa had to march towards Syria, with an army of 30,000 men to resist any possible attack from Syria.He camped at Tabook, but did not find any signs of attack from Syria.He decided, therefore to return to Medina.In Medina he spent much of his time in meeting various delegations.They poured in from all parts of Arabia to offer their loyalty to the Holy Prophet sa.As a result of this, nearly the whole of Arabia became Muslim in a short span of time.In the year 632 A.D., the Holy Prophet sa performed this pilgrimage to Mecca, known as Hajjatul Widaa`.He delivered an address, called the Farewell Address, to a large gathering of Muslims in the valley of `Arafaat.Some historians report that up to 124,000 Muslims were present.It was undoubtedly a magnificent and unique manifestation of the truth of Islam.One can well imagine the days, not long ago, when in the same valley of `Arafaat, no one was ready to even listen to the Holy Prophet sa , who was all alone.But on that day, the same people, in such a great number, felt honoured to be the followers of the Prophet sa and to listen to his sermons.Almost two months after the Farewell Pilgrimage, the Holy Prophet sa fell ill.After some days, he became too weak to lead the prayers in the mosque.He directed Hadrat Abu Bakr ra to lead the prayers.During the last days of his illness, he moved to Hadrat `Aa'ishah’s chamber.One day, the Holy Prophet sa was feeling a bit better.He stood by the window from where he could see the Muslims saying their Fajr prayers behind Hadrat Abu Bakr ra.He was extremely happy to see for himself that the Muslims were performing their duties in accordance with the commandments of God.The same day, after cleaning his teeth with a Miswaak , his condition aggravated, and our beloved the Holy Prophet of Islam sa breathed his last with these words: Battles of Hunain and Tabook (630 A.D.) Hajjatul Widaa` — The Farewell Pilgrimage (632 A.D., Dhul- Qa`dah 10 A.H.) The Holy Prophet’s Demise (June 8, 632 A.D., 12 Rabi-ul-Awwal, 11 A.H.) H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA AND AND AND AND AND S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — L — L — L — L — L IFE IFE IFE IFE IFE OF OF OF OF OF H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1

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231 231 231 231 231 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Towards the Exalted Companion The news of the demise of the Holy Prophet sa was no less than a dreadful calamity for the Muslims.However, with the establishment of Khilafat-e- Rashidah, their state of grief changed to that of peace.Let us first understand the circumstances which led him to have many wives at a time.His marriage with Hadhrat Khadijah ra lasted for twenty-five years (595-620 A.D.), and during this period he did not take any other wife.She passed away at the age of 65, when the Holy Prophet sa was 50 years old.After Hijrah in 622 A.D., as the religion of Islam began to spread, more and more tribes started entering its fold.Now, the Holy Prophet sa needed many wives to achieve certain objectives, some of which are given below: ♦ He married women of certain tribes to establish friendly relations with those tribes, and to encourage the spread of Islam among their people.♦ He married some widows as an expression of kindness, generosity or even protection, to establish a respectful status for women, in the unkind society of those times.♦ The Holy Prophet sa needed many wives to impart religious education and training to Muslim women, specially the new converts of various tribes.For instance, Hadrat `Aa’ishah ra did an excellent job in this field.The Holy Prophet of Islam sa set an excellent example in his noble and affectionate conduct with all his wives on the basis of mutual respect, justice and equality.A brief account of his wives is given below: She was a rich lady of Mecca who was already twice widowed.She married the Holy Prophet sa in 595 A.D., when she was 40 and the Holy Prophet sa was 25.She passed away about two years before Hijrah.The Holy Prophet sa did not take any other wife during the lifetime of Hadrat Khadijah ra.She bore seven children for the Holy Prophet sa.No other wife bore him children except Hadrat Maariah Qibtiah ra , who bore him a son, Ibraheem ra , who died at the age of eighteen months.The names of eight children of the Holy Prophet sa are: Wives and Children of the Holy Prophet sa 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — L — L — L — L — L I F E I F E I F E I F E I F E O F O F O F O F O F H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA 1.Hadrat Khadijah ra

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232 232 232 232 232 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Four sons — Qasim, Tahir, Tayyab and Ibraheem.Four Daughters — Hadrat Zainab, Hadrat Ruqayyah, Hadrat Ummi- Kalthoom and Hadrat Fatimah (May God be pleased with them all).Hadrat Fatimah ra was married to Hadrat Ali ra and gave birth to two sons Hadrat Hasan and Husain ra.All those who claim today to be the descendants of the Holy Prophet sa have descended from Hadrat Fatimah ra and her sons.A widow of age fifty, married in 620 A.D.and died in 22 A.H.Daughter of Hadrat Abu Bakr ra , married in 622 A.D., at a very young age and died in 57 A.H.She was very dear to the Prophet sa for her exceptional intelligence, physical cleanliness and spiritual piety.A large and vital part of Ahadith (traditions) were narrated by Hadrat `Aa’ishah ra.Daughter of Hadhrat `Umar ra , married in 624 A.D.after her former husband died.She had the honour to safely keep the standard text of the Holy Qur’an, in the sequence specified by the Holy Prophet sa.She died in 45 A.H.Twice widowed, her second husband was martyred in the Battle of Uhud.Due to her bereavement, several Muslims offered to marry her but she declined them all.However, when the Holy Prophet sa proposed to her, she accepted the honour in 625 A.D., but died at the age of thirty, within two or three months after her marriage.A widow with four children, married in 626 A.D., and died in 63 A.H.at the age of eighty-four.She was the longest surviving wife of the Holy Prophet.She was the daughter of a tribal chief, Harith.She became a widow and was captured when her tribe fought against the Muslims in the year 5 A.H..She married the Prophet in 626 A.D.at the age of twenty, and died in 50 A.H at the age of sixty-five.Children of the Holy Prophet sa 2.Hadhrat Saudah ra 3.Hadhrat `Aa’ishah ra 4.Hadrat Hafsah ra 5.Hadrat Zainab Bint Khuzaimah ra 6.Hadrat `Ummi Salmah ra 7.Hadrat Juwairiah ra H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA AND AND AND AND AND S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — L — L — L — L — L IFE IFE IFE IFE IFE OF OF OF OF OF H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1

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233 233 233 233 233 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION She was the daughter of a sister of the Prophet’s father, Abdullah.The Prophet sa arranged her marriage to his freed slave, Zaid ra.It led to a divorce because she could not adjust with Zaid ra.She then married the Prophet in 626 A.D.at the age of thirty-eight and died in 20 A.H., at the age of fifty-three.Daughter of Abu Sufyaan; she was in Abyssinia when her husband became Christian and separated from her.She readily agreed to the Prophet’s proposal for marriage.Negus, the King of Abyssinia, himself presided over her marriage ceremony in 628 A.D., and then she was escorted to Medina.She died in 44 A.H.at the age of 73.Daughter of the chief of a Jewish tribe, Banu Nadeer; during the battle of Khyber, her husband and father were both killed.She herself, along with others, was captured by the Muslims.She embraced Islam when released later on.She readily agreed to the Prophet’s proposal to marry her (628 A.D.).The Holy Prophet sa expected that by this marriage, the Jews might give up their feelings of hatred against Islam.She died in 50 A.H at the age of sixty-two.Twice widowed, sister-in-law of Hadrat Abbaas ra , the Prophet’s uncle.Her father, Harith, belonged to the Harzin tribe.On the suggestion of Hadrat Abbaas ra , the Holy Prophet sa married her in 629 A.D., when she was thirty years old.She died in 50 A.H at the age of seventy-three years.She was one of the two maidens, presented to the Holy Prophet sa by the Ruler of Egypt.Both of them embraced Islam.The Holy Prophet sa married Hadrat Mariah in 629 A.D.She was distinguished to be the only wife, other than Hadhrat Khadijah ra , who bore the Holy Prophet a child, his son Ibraheem ra.When Ibraheem ra died, he was the only son of the Holy Prophet sa.All his other children, except Fatimah ra had already died.As a result of this, it was natural that the Prophet sa had great love and affection for his son.But God’s will prevailed.Ibraheem ra died in 10 A.H at the age of eighteen months.The Holy Prophet sa was very sad at his son’s demise and tears began to flow from his eyes, but he completely submitted himself to the will of God, and thus set an excellent example for mankind.8.Hadrat Zainab Bint Jahsh ra 9.Hadhrat Ummi Habibah ra 10.Hadrat Safiah ra 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — L — L — L — L — L I F E I F E I F E I F E I F E O F O F O F O F O F H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA 11.Hadrat Maimunah ra 12.Hadhrat Mariah Qibtiah ra

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234 234 234 234 234 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The Holy Prophet sa always impressed upon his followers that he was nothing but a human being to whom Allah had granted revelations for the guidance of mankind.But the news of his death was no less than a dreadful calamity for the Muslims.Some of his close companions like Hadrat `Umar ra could not even believe it.It was Hadrat Abu Bakr ra who persuaded him that, like all other prophets, the Holy Prophet sa had really passed away by reciting the following Qur’anic verses (3:145): And Muhammad is only a Messenger.Verily Messengers have passed away before him.If then he dies or be slain, will you turn back on your heels? After Prophethood, Khilafat is the most important institution in Islam.The Arabic word, Khilafat means successorship and the word, Khalifah means a vicegerent or a successor.The plural of the word Khalifah is Khulafa.The Holy Qur’an mentions two main types of Khulafa: Khalifatullah : the Vicegerent of Allah in this world, which is in fact a prophet of Allah.(2:31, 38:27) Khalifatun-Nabi : the Successor to a Prophet who continues and carries on the mission of the Prophet after he passes away.(24:56) After the sad demise of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa , Khilafat-e-Rashidah was established with the election of Hadrat Abu Bakr ra as the first Khalifah.Following the demise of Hadrat Ali ra - the fourth Khalifah, Muslims became divided into many factions, and the system of Khilafat-e-Rashidah could no longer continue.However Muslims in general, continued to be ruled for hundereds of years by a succcession of dynastic Kings who were not justified in using the title of Khalifah.H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — K — K — K — K — K HILAFT HILAFT HILAFT HILAFT HILAFT - - - - - E E E E E -R -R -R -R -R ASHIDAH ASHIDAH ASHIDAH ASHIDAH ASHIDAH 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 Demise of the Holy Prophet sa Establishment of Khilafat-e- Rashidah - The Guided Khilafat Khilaf Khilaf Khilaf Khilaf Khilafa a a a at-e-R t-e-R t-e-R t-e-R t-e-Rashidah ashidah ashidah ashidah ashidah The Guided Khilafat (Successorship) - 632 A.D.to 661 A.D.

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235 235 235 235 235 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The personal name of Hadrat Abu Bakr ra was Abdullah, but in respect of his fatherhood he was known as Abu Bakr.His father was known as Abu Qahaafah and his mother as Ummul Khair Salma.His lineage can be traced back to the Holy Prophet sa in the sixth generation before him.He was born in 572 A.D.in Mecca and was raised there.When he came of age, he became a cloth merchant.He was the closest friend of the Holy Prophet sa.He was the first man to confirm the truth of the claim of the Holy Prophet sa , and thus he earned the title Siddeeq.Throughout his life, he was fully devoted to the service of Islam.Hadrat Abu Bakr ra was the closest companion of the Holy Prophet sa and al- ways remained by his side whether it was peace or war.The Holy Prophet sa sought his wise counsel in almost every matter where advice was needed.He was in the company of the Holy Prophet sa during his migratory journey (Hijrah) from Mecca to Medina.He was the only companion of the Holy Prophet sa in the Cave of Thaur , where they both took refuge during this journey.Hadrat Abu Bakr ra was a highly dedicated companion of the Holy Prophet sa and gave his daughter, `Aa'ishah ra , in marriage to him.He would always strive to surpass others in financial sacrifices.Once, for the Battle of Mautaa, the Holy Prophet sa was in urgent need of finance.Hadrat `Umar ra presented half of all his belongings, while Hadrat Abu Bakr ra brought all that he had in his house, to the Holy Prophet sa.The Holy Prophet sa always held him in high esteem.Following the Hajjatul Widaa` (the Last Pilgrimage), when the Holy Prophet sa fell seriously ill, he instructed Hadrat Abu Bakr ra to lead the daily prayers.After the sad demise of the Holy Prophet sa , Hadrat Abu Bakr ra was elected as the first Khalifa.He had to deal with an extremely difficult situation caused by to the sudden demise of the Holy Prophet sa : Early Life His Khilafat 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — H — H — H — H — H A D R A A D R A A D R A A D R A A D R AT T T T T A A A A A B U B U B U B U B U B B B B B A K R A K R A K R A K R A K R RA RA RA RA RA Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadra a a a at t t t t Ab Ab Ab Ab Abu Bakr u Bakr u Bakr u Bakr u Bakr r r r r ra a a a a The First Khalifa Period of Khilafat: 632 A.D.to 634 A.D.

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236 236 236 236 236 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Firstly, there were a number of tribes who renounced Islam, simply because their tribal chiefs had political motives and therefore they did not want to remain loyal to the successor of the Holy Prophet sa.Hadrat Abu Bakr ra sent troops and suppressed their politically motivated rebellion.Secondly, many people refused to pay Zakat, which was essential for fulfilling the needs of the Islamic state and care for the poor.Hadrat Abu Bakr ra vowed to collect Zakat from everyone and took all the necessary measures to achieve this goal.Thirdly, a number of ambitious persons pretending to be “prophets”, started planning rebellion against the Islamic state.Hadrat Abu Bakr ra was prompt to fight back these rebellious false prophets.After successfully dealing with all the internal disorders, Hadrat Abu Bakr ra turned to the external enemies threatening the security of the Islamic state.The Muslim army, under the command of Khalid Bin Waleed ra , crushed a rebellion in Bahrain.Then the Persians were defeated, who had supported the rebels of Bahrain.The Muslim army also defeated the Roman forces in the battles of Ajnadan and Yarmuk, and thus the whole of Syria came under the control of the Islamic state.Although, the writing and arrangement of the Holy Qur’an was done under the supervision of the Holy Prophet sa himself, yet it was written on various pieces of skin, leaves and slates.Hadrat Abu Bakr ra collected all these pieces of writings in one place, and reorganized the Huffaaz (i.e.those who committed it to memory in a systematic way) for the preservation of the Qur’an.Hadrat Abu Bakr ra passed away on August 23, 634 A.D., after fifteen days of illness.His period of Khilafat was a little over two years.During his Khilafat, Hadrat Abu Bakr ra successfully established the integrity of the Islamic state against all internal disorders and external enemies.Also, he was able to unite the Muslims under the system of Khilafat.Internal Disorders External Enemies Preservation of the Holy Qur’an His Demise H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA AND AND AND AND AND S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — H — H — H — H — H ADRA ADRA ADRA ADRA ADRAT T T T T A A A A A BU BU BU BU BU B B B B B AKR AKR AKR AKR AKR RA RA RA RA RA 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3

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237 237 237 237 237 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION His personal name was `Umar, Farooq was his title, and Ibn-Khattaab was his family name.He was born in 581 A.D.in Mecca, and belonged to a noble family of the Quraish.He was a renowned businessman and used to lead trade delegations to Syria and Iraq.When the Holy Prophet sa announced his claim to prophethood, Hadrat Umar Farooq ra became a fierce opponent of Islam.So much so, that one day he took up a sword and left his house with the intention to kill the Holy Prophet sa.On his way, someone told him to first deal with his own sister and brother- in-law who had accepted Islam.He went straight to them and when he knocked at their door, he could hear the Holy Qur’an being recited inside the house.He became furious and started beating his brother-in-law, and wounded his sister who tried to protect her husband.His wounded sister said in a resolute voice, "Umar! You may beat us as much as you like, but we are not going to change our faith.” This made him calm down, and he asked them to recite a portion of the Holy Qur’an for him.He was so moved by the Qur'anic verses that his eyes filled with tears.He went straight to the Holy Prophet sa and accepted Islam at his hand.As he was a strong, fearless and influential man of Mecca, he proved to be a source of strength for the Muslims.This miraculous change in Hadrat `Umar ra was in fact the result of the Holy Prophet’s prayers for him.Hadrat `Umar ra devoted his wealth and dedicated his life for the cause of Islam.He was an intelligent and God-fearing person.He participated in almost all the battles along with the Holy Prophet sa , who used to consult him in many important matters.Hadrat `Umar bin Khattaab was the second successor of the Holy Prophet sa.During the ten years of his Khilafat, the Islamic state expanded and progressed extensively.Peace and prosperity prevailed everywhere in the state.A brief account of his Khilafat is given as follows: Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadra a a a at `Umar F t `Umar F t `Umar F t `Umar F t `Umar Far ar ar ar arooq ooq ooq ooq ooq r r r r ra a a a a The Second Khalifa Period of Khilafat: 634 A.D.to 644 A.D.6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P R O P H E T R O P H E T R O P H E T R O P H E T R O P H E T SA SA SA SA SA A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — H — H — H — H — H A D R A A D R A A D R A A D R A A D R AT T T T T `U `U `U `U `U M A R M A R M A R M A R M A R F F F F F A R O O Q A R O O Q A R O O Q A R O O Q A R O O Q R A R A R A R A R A His Life His Khilafat

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238 238 238 238 238 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION During the period of his Khilafat, the Muslims had to fight a number of battles against Iran, Iraq, Syria and Egypt.As a result of this, vast areas of these countries came under the Muslim rule.When the city of Jerusalem was conquered by the Muslims in 17 Hijrah, Hadrat `Umar himself visited the city on the request of the Romans, and signed a treaty between the Muslims and the people of Jerusalem.Apart from the conquest of vast areas, Hadrat `Umar ra paid full attention to the welfare of his people.He was able to establish a splendid system of administration for the Islamic state and his Khilafat marked a golden period in the history of Islam.Some of his main achievements in this field are: ♦ Establishment of Majlis Shoora, a Consultative Body of Advisors to the Khalifa.♦ Division of the whole Islamic state into provinces to facilitate administration.♦ Establishment of a finance department, and building of schools and mosques in different parts of the state.♦ Introduction of the Islamic Calendar of Hijrah.Hadrat `Umar ra was a pious, kind and far-sighted man.He possessed the fine qualities of bravery, honesty and simplicity.He was so anxious about the welfare of his people that he used to go around in disguise, in the city of Medina at night, to see for himself if anyone was in need of help.Once, during his patrol at night, he observed a woman cooking something in a pot while her children were crying around her.He found out from the woman that her children were hungry for two days and the pot was put on fire just to console them.Hadrat `Umar ra immediately went to the treasury, and himself brought all the necessary food items to the woman.On his way, one of his servants wanted to carry the load but he stopped him by saying: “On the Day of Judgement you will not carry my load.” In the year 644 A.D., Hadrat `Umar ra was stabbed by a Persian slave, while offering prayer in the mosque.This proved fatal and he passed away at the age of sixty-three.He was a truly great Khalifa whose period of Khilafat was undoubtedly a golden period in the history of Islam.Conquest of Neigbouring Empires Administration of the Islamic State H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P R O P H E T R O P H E T R O P H E T R O P H E T R O P H E T SA SA SA SA SA A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — H — H — H — H — H A D R A A D R A A D R A A D R A A D R AT T T T T `U `U `U `U `U M A R M A R M A R M A R M A R F F F F F A R O O Q A R O O Q A R O O Q A R O O Q A R O O Q RA RA RA RA RA 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 His Character His Demise

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239 239 239 239 239 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Hadrat `Uthman Ghani was elected the third Khalifa by the council appointed by Hadrat `Umar just before his death.He belonged to the well known family Banu Umayya of the Quraish.His lineage can be traced back to the Holy Prophet sa in the fifth generation before him.He was a famous and wealthy trader.His generosity for the poor was so well known that he earned the title Ghani.Hadrat `Uthman embraced Islam due to the preaching of his close friend, Hadrat Abu Bakr ra.He was the fourth person to embrace Islam, but he faced severe hardships as his uncle started persecuting him.He migrated twice, first to Abyssinia and then to Medina.The Holy Prophet sa held him in great esteem, and gave the hand of his daughter, Hadrat Ruqayyah ra , in marriage to him.When Hadrat Ruqayyah ra passed away, The Holy Prophet sa gave his second daughter, Hadrat Ummi Kulthoom, in marriage to him.Thus Hadrat `Uthman was called Zun-Noorain , meaning the one with two lights.He spent a lot of his wealth for the cause of Islam.Once, he purchased an expensive well of good quality drinking water from a Jew for the benefit of the Muslims.To meet the expenses of the battle of Tabook, he offered 10,000 dinars, 1000 camels and seventy horses loaded with necessary goods.He was one of the ten blessed ones to whom the Holy Prophet sa had given the good news that they would go to Paradise.During the Khilafat of Hadrat `Uthman ra , the Islamic Empire continued expanding further..A rebellion in Iran was crushed.In the north, the Romans were once again defeated by the Muslim forces led by Hadrat Mu`aawiah.Then the Romans came by the sea to invade Egypt, but they were again repelled by the Muslim forces.As a result of these battles, the whole of Iran, Asia Minor and Egypt came under Muslim control.It was during his Khilafat that a navy and an Islamic fleet were established.6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P R O P H E T R O P H E T R O P H E T R O P H E T R O P H E T SA SA SA SA SA A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — H — H — H — H — H A D R A A D R A A D R A A D R A A D R AT T T T T `U `U `U `U `U T H M A N T H M A N T H M A N T H M A N T H M A N G G G G G H A N I H A N I H A N I H A N I H A N I RA RA RA RA RA Early Life His Khilafat Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadra a a a at `Uthman Ghani t `Uthman Ghani t `Uthman Ghani t `Uthman Ghani t `Uthman Ghani r r r r ra a a a a The Third Khalifah Period of Khilafat: 644 A.D.to 656 A.D.

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240 240 240 240 240 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION During the first six years of his Khilafat, the Islamic Empire not only expanded, but also its people enjoyed peace and prosperity.Standard copies of the Holy Qur’an were prepared from the one compiled by Hadrat Abu Bakr ra , and sent to all the provinces of the state.This was certainly his most important deed.But the last six years of his Khilafat passed in chaos and conflicts due to the conspiracies of certain groups including that of Abdullah Bin Sabah, a Jew who had become a Muslim with the intention to weaken the Islamic state.As a result of this, some people from various groups started laying unjustified charges against Hadrat `Uthman ra , whose sincere explanations seemed to go unheeded.Also, due to his extremely kind and gentle character, these rebellious people increased in their mischief.In this dangerous situation, Hadrat `Uthman ra , showed great tolerance and utmost patience to avoid the bloodshed of innocent Muslims.Towards the end of his Khilafat, various groups who wanted to depose Hadrat `Uthman ra entered Medina.He refused to fight them, as he did not want to shed the blood of fellow Muslims.His house was surrounded by the rebels who demanded that he step down, but Hadrat `Uthman ra refused to step down from the God-given position of Khilafa.This was because of his just and firm belief that a Khalifa is made by God and not by people.Hadrat `Uthman ra was then martyred on June 17, 656 A.D., at the age of eighty-two, while he was reading the Holy Qur’an.Certainly, he sacrificed his life for the integrity of Khilafat and in the best interest of Islam.H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — H — H — H — H — H ADRA ADRA ADRA ADRA ADRAT T T T T `U `U `U `U `U THMAN THMAN THMAN THMAN THMAN G G G G G HANI HANI HANI HANI HANI RA RA RA RA RA 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 His Demise

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241 241 241 241 241 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Hadrat `Ali ra was the son of the Holy Prophet’s uncle, Abu Talib.He was born in Mecca about twenty years after the birth of the Holy Prophet sa.His father, Abu Talib and mother, Fatimah were the two persons who took care of the Holy Prophet sa in his early childhood.When Hadrat `Ali ra was born, the Holy Prophet sa himself became his guardian, because his father’s financial position was very weak.On the night when the Holy Prophet sa left Mecca for Medina, Hadrat `Ali stayed in the bed of the Holy Prophet sa.The Meccan leaders had planned to arrest and kill the Holy Prophet sa.Next morning, they were enraged when they found Hadrat `Ali ra in the bed, instead of the Holy Prophet sa.The Meccan leaders could not get any information from Hadrat `Ali about the whereabouts of the Holy Prophet sa in spite of their threatening attitude.Thus, all their plans to kill the Holy Prophet sa were unsucessful.Hadrat `Ali ra was a brave and skilled warrior.He participated in almost all the battles along with the Holy Prophet sa.He was an intelligent, very learned, and pious companion of the Holy Prophet sa.Hadrat Ali ra was married to the daughter of the Holy Prophet sa , Fatimah ra.Hadrat `Ali ra was chosen to be the fourth Khalifa on June 23, 656 A.D., six days after the death of Hadrat `Uthman.In those days, there was no law and order in the city of Medina.Hadrat `Ali moved the capital from Medina to Kufah in Iraq.After his election, he faced the popular demand of Muslims including the influential companions of the Holy Prophet sa like Hadrat Talha ra and Hadrat Zubair ra , to immediately punish the murderers of Hadrat `Uthman ra.Hadrat `Ali ra announced that his top priority was to restore law and order in the state, and only then he would be able to bring the assassins of Hadrat `Uthman ra to justice.Battle of Jamal (Dec 656 A.D.) 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 H H H H H O L O L O L O L O LY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — H — H — H — H — H ADRA ADRA ADRA ADRA ADRAT T T T T `A `A `A `A `A L I L I L I L I L I RA RA RA RA RA Early Life His Khilafat Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadra a a a at `Ali t `Ali t `Ali t `Ali t `Ali r r r r ra a a a a The Fourth Khalifah Period of Khilafat: 656 A.D.to 661 A.D.

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242 242 242 242 242 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION But Hadrat Talhah ra and Hadrat Zubair ra did not agree with Hadrat Ali ra and started raising an army.Hadrat `Aa’ishah ra , who was not aware of the real situation, also joined them in an effort to punish the assassins.The three led a small army towards Basrah.Hadrat `Ali ra tried his best to avoid fighting and bloodshed, but all his efforts failed.Unfortunately, a battle took place between his forces and the forces of Hadrat `Aa’ishah ra.Hadrat Talhah ra and Hadrat Zubair ra left their forces even before the battle, and were killed by some opponent.Hadrat `Aa’ishah ra ’s forces were defeated, but Hadrat `Ali ra gave her due respect and ensured her safety.This battle was called the battle of Jamal (camel), because Hadrat `Aa’ishah ra rode a camel during the battle.Later, Hadrat Aa’ishah ra was regretful throughout her life to have fought against Hadrat `Ali ra.After the battle of Jamal, Hadrat `Ali ra once again urged Ameer Mu`aawiah to submit to him in the best interest of Islam.But Ameer Mu`aawiah again refused to submit on the pretext that the blood of Hadrat `Uthman ra , who also belonged to the family of Umayyah, must be avenged first.Ameer Mu`aawiah, with the help of 'Amar Bin Aa’s, started raising an army.Hadrat `Ali ra had no alternative but to advance towards Syria to fight Ameer Mu`aawiah.In July, 657 A.D., the two armies met in a battle at Saffain.There were heavy casualties on both sides, but the battle ended in an accord that the matter be decided by an arbitration committee.This consisted of Abu Musa al-Ash`ari to represent Hadrat Ali ra and `Amar Bin al-`Aas to represent Ameer Mu`aawiah, but this arbitration also ended in failure because `Amar Bin al-`Aas deviated from the decision agreed upon with Abu Musa al-Ash`ari ra.A large group of people, who were basically against the proposal of arbitration, separated from Hadrat `Ali ra , and chose an independent Ameer for them.This group was called “Khawaarij” meaning outsiders.At first, Hadrat `Ali ra , tried to persuade them to submit to him, but failed.This led to a fierce battle in which most of the Khawaarij were killed.After their crushing defeat, the Khawaarij planned to murder Hadrat Ali ra , Hadrat Mu`awiah ra and `Amar Bin al-`Aas.The first two escaped from the attempts on their lives.Hadrat `Ali ra was fatally wounded by the attacker, while going to the mosque for Fajr prayer.Two days later, this courageous and pious Khalifa passed away.Undoubtedly, Hadrat `Ali ra sacrificed his life for the integrity of Khilafat and in the best interest of Islam.Battle of Saffain (July 657 A.D.) Appearance of Khawaarij His Demise (Jan.661 A.D.) H H H H H OL OL OL OL OLY Y Y Y Y P P P P P ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET ROPHET SA SA SA SA SA AND AND AND AND AND S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — H — H — H — H — H ADRA ADRA ADRA ADRA ADRAT T T T T `A `A `A `A `A LI LI LI LI LI RA RA RA RA RA 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6

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243 243 243 243 243 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION T T T T The Pr he Pr he Pr he Pr he Promised Messiah omised Messiah omised Messiah omised Messiah omised Messiah as as as as as and his Successors P P P P Part 7 art 7 art 7 art 7 art 7 1: The Promised Messiah - Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as 2: Khilafat-e-Ahmadiyya 3: Hadrat Maulana Nooruddin ra 4: Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad ra 5: Hadrat Mirza Nasir Ahmad rh 6: Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad rh 7: Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aa  By: Sheikh Abdul Hadi Abdul Rahman of Mauritius Dr.Anwaar Shamim 243 243 243 243 243

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244 244 244 244 244 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION PM3 PM1 T T T T Thr hr hr hr hree Sons of ee Sons of ee Sons of ee Sons of ee Sons of the Pr the Pr the Pr the Pr the Promised Messiah omised Messiah omised Messiah omised Messiah omised Messiah as as as as as (Among the children from the 2nd wife of the Promised Messiah as ) PM2 Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad r a (1889-1965), Muslih-Mau’ood (The Promised Reformer), and the 2nd Successor of the Promised Messiah as.His birth fulfilled the prophecy about Muslih-Mau’ood Hadrat Mirza Sharif Ahmad r a (1895- 1961), About him there was a revelation: ‘Wo baadsha aaya’ - There came the King Hadrat Mirza Bashir Ahmad r a (1893- 1963), His birth fulfilled the prophecy ‘Here comes, Qamarul Ambiyaa (The Moon of the Prophets)...’ P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — P — P — P — P — P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1

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245 245 245 245 245 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION T T T T The Pr he Pr he Pr he Pr he Promised Messiah — omised Messiah — omised Messiah — omised Messiah — omised Messiah — Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadra a a a at t t t t Mirza Ghulam Mirza Ghulam Mirza Ghulam Mirza Ghulam Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Ahmad Ahmad Ahmad Ahmad as as as as as An article by Sheikh Abdul Hadi, prepared with the help of the book, Hayaat-e-Tayyibah by Hadrat Sheikh Abdul Qadir rh , Ex.Sodagar-Mal; first published in Akhbaar Ahmadiyya , Germany, Centenary Edition, 1989.(Translation by Dr.Saleem-ur- Rahman) Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian as , the Holy Founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama`at, belonged to a well-known Persian clan named Burlaas.Mirza Hadi Baig was the ancestor who migrated from his home town Samarkand (Khurasan), in 1530 A.D., to India, along with two hundred of his companions that included his relatives and staff.He was a noble man and a scholar and a saintly figure.India was then under the rule of the Moghul emperor Babar.Mirza Hadi Baig selected an unpopulated area, seventy miles northeast of Lahore, for settling down with his clan.He founded the town which he named Islampur.With the passage of time, the name Islampur went through a series of changes and came to be called Islampur Qadi Maajhi, then sim- ply Qadi Maajhi, and then Qadi, and finally it became known as Qadian.Mirza Gul Muhammad (d.1800 A.D.) was the great-grandfather of the Prom- ised Messiah as , and was known for his honesty and God-fearing.Mirza `Ataa Muhammad (d.1814 A.D.) was the grandfather of the Promised Messiah, and Mirza Ghulam Murtada was the father, and Chiraagh Bibi was the mother of the Promised Messiah.She was known for her hospitality and taking care of the poor.The Promised Messiah as was born on February 13, 1835 A.D.(14 Shawwaal, 1250 A.H.), before sunrise.He was born with a twin sister (who did not survive).His twin birth fulfilled a prophecy recorded in Islamic literature for centuries that Mahdi Mau`ood (the Promised Reformer) will be born as a twin (Fosoos al-Hikam, by Mohiyuddin Ibn Arabi).The Promised Messiah as , as a child, was not fond of romping around aim- lessly and did not take part in the mischief of his playmates.His basic edu- cation was given to him at home by three different tutors, one after another.Family Background Birth and Childhood (Feb.13, 1835) 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — P — P — P — P — P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS

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246 246 246 246 246 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION His first marriage, at the age of fifteen years, was arranged with his first maternal cousin Hurmat Bibi (daughter of his maternal uncle Mirza Jama`at Baig).Two sons, Mirza Sultan Ahmad and Mirza Fadl Ahmad, were born as a result of this marriage.Mirza Fadhl Ahmad died in the prime of his youth, but Hadrat Mirza Sultan Ahmad lived long enough to eventually become an Ahmadi at the hands of his elder brother, Hadrat Khalifatul Masih II ra (Muslih Mau`ood).His entering the fold of Ahmadiyyat, fulfilled the part of the prophecy regarding Muslih Mau`ood - ‘He will cause three to become four’ (three Ahmadi sons became four).Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as cherished his privacy and spent most of his time in prayers or immersed in the study of the Holy Qur’an.His father was quite conscious of his son’s great preoccupation with religion.He would normally remark to his friends, regarding his son, saying: “This son of mine is a ‘Maseetar’ (In Punjabi; One who spends most of his time in a mosque, saying prayers).He doesn’t seek any employment nor is he interested in earning for himself...” If only he had lived a little longer, he would have seen for him- self how famous his son (the Promised Messiah as ) had become and how devoted followers from far and wide were waiting on him.(Tadhkiratul Mahdi, part 2) When he was thirty or thirty one years old, he saw the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa in a vision.The details of this vision shed light on the strong ties of his love for the Holy Prophet sa that distinguished him from everyone else, and foretold of his remarkable spiritual future.Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad had to work for the government (1864 to 1868) to respect the wishes of his father, but he had no inclination towards a worldly career, and considered the short period of his employment to be a “prison sentence”.While employed at Sialkot, he still managed to devote all his spare time to the study of the Holy Qur’an and social work.He kept up his religious de- bates with the Christian missionaries in the area and did much to stem the rising tide of Christianity.He returned to Qadian in 1868, following the wishes of his father, in view of his mother’s illness.She passed away before he could reach Qadian.First Marriage and Unusual Religious Interest Meeting with the Holy Prophet sa (1864 or 1865) A Job in Sialkot (1864-1868) P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — P — P — P — P — P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1

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247 247 247 247 247 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION In 1868 or 1869 A.D., at Batala, he refused to be drawn into a religious debate against Maulvi Muhammad Hussain Batalvi because he did not want to debate somebody just for the sake of debating.He was not interested in seeking fame in this way and preferred to win the approval and pleasure of Allah rather than submit to the pressure of people who wanted him to get involved in that debate against Maulvi Muhammad Hussain Batalvi (who held the correct view that the Holy Qur’an has the top priority, and the sayings of the Holy Prophet sa (Hadith), has second priority).God was very pleased with this righteous conduct.That night, the Promised Messiah as received a revelation in urdu - translated as: ‘God is very pleased with this act of yours, and He will bless you in great measure — so much so that even Kings will seek blessings from your clothing.’ His father passed away in June 1876 after sunset.The same day at noon, he received a revelation in which God Almighty told him of his father’s death.In this condition of grief, he thought for a while that the financial resources associated with his father would come to an end and perhaps the days of poverty and pain would now prevail.Immediately, he received another revelation from God: Alaisallaahu bikaafin abdahoo Is Allah not sufficient for His servant This gave him a feeling of relief and peace of mind as it was now clear that God will take care of all his needs.First Revelation and a Glorious Mission (1868 or 1869) Father’s Death and Promise of Divine Support 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — P — P — P — P — P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS

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248 248 248 248 248 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION In 1877, a Christian advocate, Ralia-ram, sued the Promised Messiah as in a court of law.The pretext of this case was that the Promised Messiah as had unknowingly placed a letter inside a parcel that he had mailed.He did not know that it was against the law to place a letter inside a parcel.Although the lawyers advised the Promised Messiah as to tell a lie and state that he had not put the letter inside the packet, he remained firm and told the truth.It was the blessing of God and the strength of truth that the Promised Messiah as was acquitted of this charge.God had already shown him, in a vision, that Ralia-ram had conspired to get him involved in this case and God foretold him that he will remain unharmed.Baraheen-e-Ahmadiyya (which means “The Ahmadiyya Arguments”) is a re- markable and scholarly book whose first two volume were published in 1880 A.D., volume 3 was published in 1882 A.D.and volume 4 in 1884 A.D.The purpose of this great book was to repel the attacks on Islam by various religious movements (which included Christianity, and two new movements, Arya-Samaj and Brahmu-Samaj), and to defend Islam with convincing argu- ments.This great book showed the expert defense of Islam by the Promised Mes- siah, and proved the superiority of the Holy Qur’an over other scriptures.He demonstrated the truth of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa , and explained the need for revelation from God to continue for humanity.His arguments proved an effective weapon to defeat the enemies of Islam.In 1882 A.D., he saw the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa in a vision and it was then that he received the first revelation from God that he was appointed Mujaddid or a Reformer.According to God’s revelations, he married Hadrat Nusrat Jehan ra , daughter of Mir Nasir Nawab of Delhi, on Nov.17, 1884 A.D.The Case of Post Office (1877) Publication of his First Book — Baraheen-e- Ahmadiyya (1880) First Revelation about His Appointment as a Reformer (1882) P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — P — P — P — P — P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 His Second Marriage (November 17, 1884)

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249 249 249 249 249 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION In March 1885, he announced through a public advertisement, sent to al- most all the renowned religious leaders, scholars and kings of the world, that according to the revelation from God, he was the Reformer of the Age and that his spiritual attributes were like the attributes of Jesus Christ as son of Mary.This advertisement also included an invitation to all of them to visit him in Qadian and observe for themselves the Divine signs in favour of the truth of his proclamation.On the 27th day of fasting, in the sacred month of Ramadan, the Promised Messiah as was lying down, on his side, in the bed.A devoted companion, Hadrat Maulvi Abdullah Sanauri, who was pressing his feet to comfort him, felt that the Promised Messiah’s body trembled a little (as he was seeing a vision).Right at that moment, the companion noticed a few fresh red drops that had somehow appeared on the ankle of the Promised Messiah as well as on his clothes.Later on, the Promised Messiah as explained to him what he saw in the vi- sion, and further explained that it is a strange phenomenon that certain inci- dents occurring in a vision, may also leave their signs behind in the physical world.These are Divine signs which reflect God’s attributes, and may some- times become visible to people who possess spiritual perfection.On the night between the 27th and 28th of November 1885 an unusual dis- play of trailblazing meteors shooting in the sky appeared according to the earlier prophecies.This was a divine sign in favour of the truth of the Prom- ised Messiah.In January 1886, under divine guidance, the Promised Messiah as went to Hoshiarpur and spent 40 days and nights in a continuous state of worship of God and prayers.On February 20, 1886, after the conclusion of the 40 day period, he issued a public statement which included several prophecies.One of those prophecies concerned the birth of a Promised Reformer.God foretold that a handsome and spiritually purified son will be born to the Promised Messiah who will be a sign of God’s mercy.(Tableegh-e-Risaalat, vol.1) Announcement of being the Reformer of the Age (March 1885) The Divine Sign of ‘Red Drops’ (July 10, 1885) The Sign of the Meteors (November, 1885) Journey to Hoshiarpur and Prophecy Regarding the Muslih- Mau`ood (February 20, 1886) 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — P — P — P — P — P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS

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250 250 250 250 250 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Later, on the 22nd of March 1886, the Promised Messiah as issued another public statement in which, according to the divine revelation, he fixed a nine-year period in which that Promised Son will be born.According to the divine promise, on the 12th of January 1889, the prophecy regarding the birth of a Promised Reformer was fulfilled, when Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad ra was born.The second wife of the Promised Messiah as , Hadrat Sayyedah Nusrat Jehan Begum ra bore ten children about whom there were several divine prophe- cies.Five of those children survived and had long lives; their names are: 1.Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad ra — Muslih-Mau`ood and the second successor of the Promised Messiah as.Born on January, 12, 1889 and passed away on November 8, 1965.2.Hadrat Mirza Bashir Ahmad ra — Born on April 20, 1893 and passed away on September.2, 1963.3.Hadrat Mirza Shareef Ahmad ra — Born on May 24, 1895, passed away on Dec.26, 1961.4.Hadrat Sayyidah Nawab Mubarkah Begum ra — Born on March 2, 1897, passed away on May 23, 1977.5.Hadrat Sayyidah Nawab Amatul Hafeez ra — Born on June 25, 1904, passed away on May 6, 1987.(For the children of the Promised Messiah as from his first wife, refer to page 246) The first initiation ceremony took place at the house of Hadrat Soofi Munshi Ahmad Jan at Ludhiana.The first person to be initiated into Ahmadiyyat was Hadrat Maulana Nuruddin of Bhera ra.When God clearly revealed to the Promised Messiah as that he in fact was the person fulfilling the prophecy of the Holy Prophet of the Islam accord- ing to which Jesus, son of Mary, was to appear in the latter days, and that the earlier Messiah, Jesus Christ as , had died just like other prophets of God and will not physically reappear, then the Promised Messiah as immediately made Children of the Promised Messiah as First Initiation ( Bai`at ) (March 23, 1889) Claim to being the Promised Messiah (End of 1890) P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — P — P — P — P — P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1

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251 251 251 251 251 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION a public announcement that he had been divinely appointed as the Promised Messiah and that Jesus Christ who had died as prophet and as a human being will not reappear physically.To make his proclamation, the Promised Messiah as published two small booklets called ‘ Fath-e-Islam ’ and ‘ Taudeeh Maraam ’ in the year 1891.The publication of these two booklets started a campaign of bitter opposi- tion against the Promised Messiah throughout India.This debate took place in Ludhiana between the Promised Messiah as and Maulvi Muhammad Hussain Batalvi.In this debate the Promised Messiah as proved that the Holy Qur’an took priority over the Hadith or sayings of the Holy Prophet of Islam, but his opponent Maulvi Muhammad Hussain Batalvi took the opposite view.However, he was clearly defeated in his contest with the Promised Messiah as.The actual debate was in fact about the life and death of the Jesus Christ ra , but Maulvi Muhammad Hussain Batalvi was not prepared to get to the real topic of this debate and this led to his great humiliation.The Promised Messiah as has recorded the detail of this debate in an important book called Izaala Auhaam.Towards the end of the year 1891, the Promised Messiah as invited all the religious divines and scholars to compete with him, in receiving favours from God in selected matters, because God favoured only that person who is truthful in his claim to be the Reformer of the Age.When various religious scholars realized that they were neither able to com- pete with the Promised Messiah as in the field of religious arguments nor were they able to compete with the Promised Messiah as in receiving divine favours to prove their truth then they secured a decree ( fatwah) of disbelief from two hundred Maulvis, against the Promised Messiah as , which was in fact filled with abusive language.Maulvi Muhammad Hussain Batalvi was the leader of this group of Maulvis who produced this decree of disbelief.No decent person would find it pos- sible to read such abusive language as is contained in this document.The Debate of Ludhiana (July 20, 1891) A Divine Invitation and a Decree of Disbelief from the `Ulema 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — P — P — P — P — P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS

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252 252 252 252 252 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Under divine direction, the Promised Messiah as , established the institution of an Annual Conference (Jalsa Salana) in Qadian.He selected 27th, 28th and 29th of December of every year to be the period in which this Annual Conference will convene each year.The first Jalsa Salana took place in Qadian in the Aqsa Mosque; seventy-five people attended.This famous book of the Promised Messiah was published in February 1893.This book contains the miraculous virtues of Islam and a very convincing description of the beauty of the Holy Qur’an.In addition to the publication of this book, another important booklet called Barakaat-ud-Duaa meaning The Blessings of Prayer was also published on 28th April of the same year 1893.This booklet contained a refutation of the misleading ideas of Sir Sayyed Ahmad Khan regarding prayer.This debate took place from May 20 to June 5, 1893, between the Prom- ised Messiah as and the Christian Missionaries, Deputy Abdullah Atham and Dr.Martin Clark.The topic of this debate was the claim of modern Chris- tianity that Jesus Christ as was God.The Promised Messiah as defeated the Christian missionaries in the field of arguments and this clear victory of the Promised Messiah had a very strong impact on those who attended this de- bate.One of the prophecies of the Holy Prophet of Islam saw about the coming of Imam Mahdi was that during the month of Ramadan, Lunar Eclipse will take place on the first night among the three possible nights (13 th , 14 th and 15 th ) of Lunar Eclipse, which is the 13 th ; and Solar Eclipse will take place on the middle day among the three possible days (27 th , 28 th and 29 th ) of Solar Eclipse, which is the 28 th.(Dar-Qutni, p.100) These grand heavenly signs were fulfilled in the year 1894 in the Eastern hemisphere of the earth and in 1895 the same divine sign was fulfilled in the Western hemisphere of the earth.In this way God displayed his remark- able sign in favour of the Promised Messiah as throughout the world.First Annual Conference— Jalsa Salana (December, 1891) The Book, Aa’ina- Kamalaat-e-Islam (Feb.1893) The Debate of Holy War — Jang-e- Muqaddas (May-June 1893) The Grand Heavenly Signs of the Eclipse of the moon (March 21,1894) ; and the sun (April 6, 1894) P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — P — P — P — P — P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1

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253 253 253 253 253 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION In 1899, the Promised Messiah as surprised the Christian and Muslim world alike, by revealing that Jesus Christ as was buried in the city of Sirinagar in Kashmir, India, at the location called Khaniyar.The Promised Messiah as gave a detailed discussion of this whole episode in his book, Masih Hindustan Main (Jesus in India) published in November 1908 , which also in-cluded an historical account of the life and times of Jesus Christ as.This book proved to be the fulfillment of an important part of the divine mission of the Promised Messiah as which was to break the false doctrine of the Cross as reported, in the Traditions of the Holy Prophet sa.The Promised Messiah as accompanied by some of his devoted companions went to Dera Bawa Nanak for the purpose of research and exploration.Af- ter a great deal of effort he was successful in discovering the famous Gown of Hadrat Bawa Nanak.It was a pleasantly shocking revelation to all who viewed this Gown to see that verses from the Holy Qur’an were written all over this Gown.This was, in fact, the realization of two dreams of the Prom- ised Messiah as , which he had in the year 1872.In those dreams Hadrat Bawa Nanak had told him that, he in fact believed in the faith of Islam.When the `Ulema instituted a decree of disbelief against the Promised Messiah as in 1892, the Promised Messiah as had responded to it, by inviting the opponent leaders of religious groups, to a prayer-duel with him, but at that time no Maulvi took up the challenge.Now the Promised Messiah as issued a public notice inviting various leaders of religious groups and Soofis to enter into a prayer-duel with the Promised Messiah as.He entered the names of all the prominent religious leaders and Soofis in this invitation.In response to this invitation to a prayer-duel, Hadrat Khawaja Ghulam Fareed, who was a saint, wrote a letter to the Promised Messiah as in Arabic, in which he confirmed the truth of the claim of the Promised Messiah as , and ex- pressed his great respect for the Promised Messiah as.In December 1896, this convention took place from the 26th to the 28th in the hall of Islamia College, Lahore, and was proposed by some Hindu no- tables, who had invited the Promised Messiah as and the leaders of several other religions to lecture on the qualities of their own religious faith.These lectures which were to be read out, and were prepared in response to a ques- tionnaire consisting of five questions, which was circulated among all the speakers a few days before the convention took place.On December 21, 1896, a few days before the convention, God Almighty Publication of Masih Hindustan Main -Jesus in India ( Nov 1908 ) Journey to Dera Bawa Nanak (Dec.30, 1895) Invitation to Mubahila (Prayer- Duel), and the Confirmation of His Truth by Hadrat Khawaja Ghulam Farid of Chacharan Sharif (March, 1896) The Convention of Great Religions (Dec., 1896) 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — P — P — P — P — P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS

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254 254 254 254 254 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION revealed to the Promised Messiah as that the essay written by him for this lecture would be superior to every other lecture.When Hadrat Maulvi Abdul Karim Sialkoti ra started to read out this essay written by the Promised Messiah as , the audience of this convention showed their excitement and appreciation of this essay by loud cheers.It was on the unanimous demand of the audience, who wanted to ensure that the essay of the Promised Messiah as is read out completely, the convention had to be extended for another day, and it concluded on 29 December.After the convention, the review of its proceedings that was published in the contemporary popular press along with the opinion of people in general, made it absolutely clear that the essay written by the Promised Messiah as and read out by Hadrat Maulvi Abdul Karim Sialkoti ra , was indeed regarded as superior to every other lecture.Thus God’s revelation, which had been widely publicized a few days before this convention began, came manifestly true.A famous Arya leader Pundit Lekhram, who was notorious for using abusive language against the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa , was killed by an unknown assassin on 6th March 1897 at 6:00 p.m.His death came about in complete accord with the prophecy of the Prom- ised Messiah as , which he published on February 20, 1893.In this prophecy, God had revealed to the Promised Messiah as that the death of Pandit Lekhram was to occur, as a punishment due to his abusive language against the Holy Prophet of Islam, on the day after Eid-ul-Ad-hiya within a six year term starting from the date of February 20, 1893.A false case of attempted murder was registered in a court of law, against the Promised Messiah as , by the Christian missionary Dr.Henry Clark, to avenge his defeat at the hands of the Promised Messiah as , in an earlier de- bate, known as the debate of the Holy War.However, the Deputy Commis- sioner of Gurdaspur, who was heading that Court, clearly acquitted the Prom- ised Messiah as of all charges that were levelled against him.A man, Abdul Hameed, a false witness, was exposed as false, and the whole case rested upon his false statement against the Promised Messiah as.It is interesting to note that a false case was registered against the earlier Messiah, that is, Jesus Christ as , due to a conspiracy of the Jews of his time.Prophecy regarding the Death of Pandit Lekhram (March 6, 1897) Decision of the Case of Attempted Murder (August 23, 1897) P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — P — P — P — P — P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1

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255 255 255 255 255 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION However, the Magistrate Pilate found Jesus Christ not guilty of any charges that were levelled against him, but he was afraid of the Jews.So he gave his orders to put Jesus Christ on the cross.But in contrast, the Magistrate in case of the Promised Messiah as , whose name was Capt.Douglas, a Deputy Commissioner, was so inclined to do justice that he disregarded the opinion and feelings of Christian Missionaries, who were of the same religion as he himself, and acquitted the Promised Messiah as completely of all false charges.In this way, the Magistrate Capt.Douglas became a very important person in the history of Ahmadiyyat.On February 6, 1898, the Promised Messiah as publicized his prophecy through a public advertisement stating that plague was going to spread in Punjab.The prophecy was based on one of his visions.One must remember that at that time, plague was nowhere reported in Punjab.Therefore, the opponents of the Promised Messiah as ridiculed him and laughed at this prophecy.But in the next winter the cities of Jallandhar and Hoshiarpur fell victim to plague and this epidemic started to claim victims in other areas as well.This sermon was revealed to the Promised Messiah as by God, and according to divine direction, the Promised Messiah as gave this sermon in the Aqsa Mosque, in Arabic language.The Promised Messiah as was given special strength and power to express himself in Arabic.It was divine revelation which gave him this extraordinary power to speak in Arabic.The sermon was a matchless scholarly feat.It was published under the title “Khutba-e- Ilhamia” or the Revealed Sermon on October 17, 1902.This famous book of the Promised Messiah as contains a commentary on the first Chapter of the Holy Qur’an, Surah Fatihah.This commentary is writ- ten in Arabic language and consists of such deep meanings and uses such refined Arabic language that those who appreciate the Arabic language openly acknowledge that it is impossible to write such eloquent Arabic commen- tary of Surah Fatihah, without a clear guidance from God.The Promised Messiah as invited every religious scholar, including the Pir of Golra Sharif, Mehar Ali Shah, to write a commentary in response to the one written by the Promised Messiah as.But nobody came forward to compete with the Prom- ised Messiah as in writing the Arabic commentary.The Prophecy of the Plague (February 6, 1898) The Revealed Sermon on Eidul Ad-hiya — Khutbah lhaamiah (April 11, 1900) Ijaz-ul- Masih (February 20, 1901) 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — P — P — P — P — P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS

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256 256 256 256 256 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION On the occasion of population census of 1901, the Promised Messiah as registered his community under the name Musalman Firqah Ahmadiyya or the Muslim Ahmadiyya Sect and explained through a public statement the reason for choosing this name.This is the first written statement issued by the Promised Messiah as about the status of his Prophethood.Before 1900, the Promised Messiah as used to refer to himself as a Muhaddis , instead of a Prophet, because he be- lieved in the commonly accepted definition of a Prophet at that time.In the year 1901, however, it had become quite obvious to the Promised Messiah as , that the popular definition of Prophethood, that was common among the Muslims of that age, was wrong and contrary to Islam.So, it was to reform the existing beliefs regarding Prophethood and to make a clarifi- cation of his own stand in this regard, that the Promised Messiah published this statement.After its publication, he always referred to himself as ‘ Nabi ’ or ‘ Rasool ’ meaning a Prophet.However, he qualified that his Prophethood was not independent of the Prophethood of the Holy Prophet Mohammad saw , nor did he attach himself with any holy book other than the Holy Qur’an.We have noticed earlier that the Promised Messiah as had prophecized the spread of plague, on 6th February 1898.When people started dying of plague in the country, then the Promised Messiah invited people on March 17, 1901, to turn to God.However, his opponents increased in their ridicule and laughing at this prophesy.Then God revealed His displeasure and in 1902, plague had become such an epidemic that people were dying in the streets like dogs.The Promised Messiah as wrote a book on 5th October 1902, while the plague was raging.This book was entitled Kashtee Nooh or ‘Noah’s Ark.’ The Promised Messiah declared in this book that, according to revelation from God, it is not necessary for a true Ahmadi to get himself innoculated, as a preventive measure against the plague.The divine revelation said: I will protect all those who are within your house Naming the ‘Muslim Ahmadiyya Sect’ (1901) The Statement and Title ‘Clarification of an Error’ (Nov.5, 1901) P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — P — P — P — P — P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 Sign of Plague and Remarkable Progress of the Jama`at (1901-1902)

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257 257 257 257 257 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The Promised Messiah as explained that this Divine promise included not only those who are within the physical boundary of his house, but also all those who were the true believers in Ahmadiyyat.It was a great divine sign, that during the time of this terrible epidemic of plague, and without the protection of any preventive innoculation, there was hardly any case of an Ahmadi dying of plague.It had a tremendous effect on others, and hundreds of people became Ahmadis in a short period of time by witnessing this sign of divine protection.Hadrat Sahibzada Abdul Latif was a prominent member of the court of the Ruler of Kabul in Afghanistan.He was stoned to death in a very barbaric manner, at the instigation of fanatic religious leaders, simply because he had accepted Ahmadiyyat.The Promised Messiah as gave a detailed account of this violent act, in his book Tadhkira-tush-Shadatain.He wrote in urdu - translated below:...O Land of Kabul! Bear witness, that a grave crime was com- mitted upon thee.O Unfortunate Soil! You have fallen in the sight of God, because you are the venue of this great injustice.On the very next day, after this incidence took place, a terrible epidemic of cholera broke out in Kabul, and not only several of those people died who were responsible for this stoning to death, but several thousand other citizens of Kabul also died of cholera.When this revelation from God came to the Promised Messiah as , Japan was a small country.But in 1905, Japan and Russia went to war against each other, for the purpose of capturing Korea.Japan defeated Russia even though Japan was a comparatively small country.Japan then occupied Korea and emerged as a great Eastern power.In this manner, this revelation of the Promised Messiah as was fulfilled with amazing accuracy.7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — P — P — P — P — P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS The Martyrdom of Hadrat Sahibzada Abdul Lateef (July 14, 1903) The Revelation — ‘ An Eastern Power and the Critical Condition of Korea ’ (1904)

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258 258 258 258 258 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The Promised Messiah as wrote a long poem, as part of Volume 5 of his famous book Baraheen-e-Ahmadiyya.Towards the end of this poem, he gives a description of a “promised earthquake” (i.e., an event that would shake up the world).One verse of this poem, in reference to this great disaster is: Even the mighty Czar would find himself in a miserable condi- tion, when that hour will approach It seems that the World War I, which had not yet begun, was shown to the Promised Messiah as , in the form of a great earthquake.During this war the mighty King of Russia (Czar) met with a miserable fate, as prophecized by the Promised Messiah as.Towards the end of 1905, repeated revelations from God came to the Promised Messiah as , that informed him of his approaching death.He there- fore wrote a booklet, Al-wasiyyat (The Will), to advise the Jama`at.The scheme of Bahishti Maqbarah (Heavenly Graveyard) was also laid out in this booklet.An American, Dr.Alexander Dowie, claimed to be a prophet of God in the latter part of 1899 or in early 1900.He soon became famous throughout the United States.The Promised Messiah as invited him for a Prayer Duel twice — once in 1902 and then in 1903.These invitations were publicized by the U.S.newspapers as well.Dr.Dowie reacted by calling the Promised Messiah as by the abusive name of “the silly Muhammadan Messiah” (God forbid!) and said:...do you think that I will stoop so low as to accept the chal- lenges thrown at me from people who are as insignificant as flies or mosquitoes.If I decide to kill them, I will need to simply stamp them under my boot.The Promised Messiah as prayed for Allah’s decision to come and punish the arrogant and abusive Dr.Dowie.In September 1905, he had a sudden attack of paralysis while he was addressing an audience.His followers soon re- volted against him and dislodged him from his position under charges of financial misconduct and other irregularities.Dr.Dowie’s end came when he died on 9 March, 1907, in a state of humili- ation.His humiliating end was prophesied two weeks before his death, by the Promised Messiah as , in a statement entitled “Prophesy about a New Sign”.The Promised Messiah as declared Dr.Dowie’s miserable death to be a clear sign of the truth of the Holy Prophet sa of Islam.The U.S.newspapers also acknowledged the fact that the prophesy of the Promised Messiah came true.Booklet ‘ Al- wasiyyat ’ or ‘The Will’ (December 1905) P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — P — P — P — P — P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 Dr.Dowie’s Death (March 9, 1907) Prophecy about the First World War (April 1905)

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259 259 259 259 259 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The Promised Messiah arrived in Lahore on April 29, 1908, as wished by his wife.On May 9, 1908, he had another revelation in arabic - translated as: Departure, then departure.God will bear all the burden.This revelation informed him that the hour of his death was near.In keeping with the wishes of the Promised Messiah as , a banquet was ar- ranged for the dignitaries and leaders of public opinion, in Lahore.On the insistence of the guests, the Promised Messiah as spoke for two hours, be- fore the food was served, and gave a detailed account of his claims and teachings and provided convincing refutation of all the objections raised against him by the opponents of Ahmadiyyat.In response to a suggestion by some people that he should give a public lecture, the Promised Messiah as gave his approval and set about to write an essay, entitled, Paigham-e-Solah , i.e., ‘A Message of Reconciliation’.Its objective was to bring about peace between the Hindus and the Muslims of India.During the writing of this essay, on May 20, 1908, the Promised Messiah as received another arabic revelation from God - translated as: Departure, again a departure.The Death is very close now.Nevertheless he continued working, completed his manuscript, and handed it over for publication on the afternoon of May 25, 1908.After the `Asr prayer, the Promised Messiah as delivered a short speech on the death of Jesus Christ as , and then started out on his daily walk.The same evening, after performing his Maghrib and `Ishaa prayers, the Promised Messiah as went to bed at his usual time.He started experiencing diarrhea, around eleven at night.He became seriously ill, frequently falling unconscious during the night.Early in the morning, he asked, ‘Is it prayer time?’ Someone beside his bed replied, ‘Yes Huzur, it is’.He started pray- ing, but fell unconscious in the middle of his prayer.When he recovered a little, he repeated the same question, ‘Is it prayer time?’ and, ‘O God, my beloved God!’ By 10 a.m., his condition became critical, and at 10:30 a.m., our beloved Imam, the Promised Messiah, peace be upon him, passed away.His age at the time of his death was a little over 73 years according to the solar calendar, and 75 years according to the lunar calendar, keeping with one of his revelations from God.May Allah bless the Promised Messiah as , whose pure teachings brought about such a spiritual revolution which is still continuing to spread throughout the world.No power on earth will ever be able to block Ahmadiyyat’s onward march.Insha-Allah.7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — P — P — P — P — P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS Journey to Lahore and Revelations about Death (April 29, 1908) Demise of the Promised Messiah as May 26, 1908 Proposal for a Public Lecture and the Book, ‘Paigham-e- Sulah’ (May 25, 1908) A Feast for the Dignitaries of Lahore (May 17, 1908)

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260 260 260 260 260 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION P P P P P R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K H I L A F H I L A F H I L A F H I L A F H I L A FA A A A AT T T T T - - - - - E E E E E -A -A -A -A -A H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y YA A A A A 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Khilaf Khilaf Khilaf Khilaf Khilafa a a a at-e-Ahmadiyy t-e-Ahmadiyy t-e-Ahmadiyy t-e-Ahmadiyy t-e-Ahmadiyya a a a a The Ahmadiyya Khilafat (Successorship) - 1908 to Present As mentioned in the preceding chapter, Khilafat is the most important bounty that Allah the Almighty bestows upon the believers after a prophet passes away.In this way, the Khalifa continues and carries on the mission of the Prophet.Allah the Almighty says in Surah Al-Noor, verse 56 - also called Ayah Istikhlaaf: Allah has promised to those among you who believe and do good works that He will surely make them Successors in the earth, as He made Successors from among those who were before them; and that He will surely establish for them their religion which He has chosen for them; and that He will surely give them in exchange security and peace after their fear: They will worship Me, and they will not associate any- thing with Me.Then whoso is ungrateful after that, they will be the rebellious.[24:56] This important verse presents the following key points of Khilafat: ♦ Khalifah is appointed by Allah in the sense that the hearts of the believ- ers turn towards the person whom Allah has decreed to become Khalifa.♦ The bounty of Khilafat is conditional and is bestowed upon those who are true believers and do good works.If the Muslims become ungrate- ful to Allah, they risk to lose this bounty and draw Allah’s displeasure.♦ The Khalifah continues and carries on the mission of the Prophet, and the religion of Allah becomes firmly established.♦ Due to the bounty of Khilafat, Allah changes the believers’ state of fear The Bounty of Khilafat- A Divine Promise

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261 261 261 261 261 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 P P P P P R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K H I L A F H I L A F H I L A F H I L A F H I L A FA A A A AT T T T T - - - - - E E E E E -A -A -A -A -A H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y YA A A A A Two Manifestations of Allah’s Power...In short, He (Allah) shows two manifestations of His power: firstly at the hands of His Apostle; secondly at a time following the death of the Apostle when obstacles spring up in the way, the enemies gain force, beginning to feel that the Mission of the Prophet had been fatally injured, that the community of his followers had been destroyed...Then Allah once more shows a powerful manifestation of His hand, enabling the community to stand firmly on its feet.Thus, whosoever perseveres unto the last, witnesses this miracle, as happened at the time of Hadrat Abu Bakr ra when the death of the Holy Prophet sa was considered to be untimely and many nomads turned apostates, and the followers of the Prophet were unnerved by deep grief.At that critical hour, Allah made Abu Bakr ra stand up firmly, thus showing His powerful hand a second time...Al-Wasiyyat (English Translation, page 5) and anxiety to that of peace and security.♦ The believers enjoy the fruits of Khilafat by worshipping Allah alone and not associating any partners with Him.After the demise of the Holy Prophet sa , Khilafat-e-Rashidah was estab- lished with election of Hadrat Abu Bakr ra as the first Khalifa.In this way, the state of grief and fear of the Believers changed to peace and security.Following the demise of Hadrat Ali ra - the 4th Khalifah, Muslims got di- vided into a number of factions, and the system of Khilafat-e-Rashidah could no longer continue.Then Khilafat was replaced with a succession of Kingships.In a Tradition ( Musnad Ahmad ) the Holy Prophet sa , the above condition was clearly foretold and a glad tidings was also given that, in the end, Khilafat on the pattern of Prophethood would re-emerge.The above was also confirmed by the Promised Messiah as in his book Al- Wasiyyat (as given below), wherein he has mentioned Two manifestations of Allah’s power- Prophethood and Khilafat.Accordingly, following the demise of the Promised messiah as , there appeared the second manifesta- tion in the form of Khilafat, when Hadrat Hakeem Maulana Nooruddin ra was elected as the first Khalifa.In this way, once again, Allah the Almighty fulfilled His promise and changed the state of grief and anxiety to that of peace and security.Khilafat on the pattern of Prophethood

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262 262 262 262 262 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The Five Khulafaa (Successors) of the Promised Messiah as Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad ra Khalifatul Masih II (1914 - 1965) Hadrat Maulana Nooruddin ra Khalifatul Masih I (1908 - 1914) Hadrat Mirza Nasir Ahmad rh Khalifatul Masih III (1965 - 1982) Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aa Khalifatul Masih V (2003 - Present) Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad rh Khalifatul Masih IV (1982 - 2003) 100 100 100 100 100 Y Y Y Y Year ear ear ear ears of s of s of s of s of Khilaf Khilaf Khilaf Khilaf Khilafa a a a at-e-Ahmadiyy t-e-Ahmadiyy t-e-Ahmadiyy t-e-Ahmadiyy t-e-Ahmadiyya a a a a (1908 - 2008) (1908 - 2008) (1908 - 2008) (1908 - 2008) (1908 - 2008) P P P P P R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K H I L A F H I L A F H I L A F H I L A F H I L A FA A A A AT T T T T - - - - - E E E E E -A -A -A -A -A H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y YA A A A A 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2

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263 263 263 263 263 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadra a a a at Maulana Hak t Maulana Hak t Maulana Hak t Maulana Hak t Maulana Hakeem eem eem eem eem Noor Noor Noor Noor Noorud ud ud ud uddin din din din din r r r r ra a a a a Khalifatul Masih I Period of Khilafat: May 27, 1908 to March 13, 1914 Hadrat Maulana Hakeem Nooruddin ra was the first successor of the Prom- ised Messiah as.He was born in 1841 at Bhera, Punjab, which is now a part of Pakistan.His father’s name was Ghulam Rasool and mother’s name was Noor Bakht.His lineage can be traced back to Hadrat ‘Umar Bin Khattaab ra.His family, from the very beginning, had an immense love for the Holy Qur’an, which Maulana Nooruddin ra had fully inherited.He learned the Holy Qur’an from his mother, and received his general edu- cation from public schools in Lahore and Rawalpindi.His academic record was excellent and soon he was appointed as headmaster of an English School in Pind Dad Khan.After only four years he left his job and his quest for knowledge took him all over India.At the age of 25, he travelled to the cities of Mecca and Medina.There, he studied Hadith and performed Hajj.Throughout his journey, he would meet renowned teachers and saints to further his learning.Then, he himself matured into a learned scholar of Qur’anic studies, languages and natural medicine.On his return from Arabia, he established a school of Qur’anic studies, and started a clinic that offered treatment in natural medicine.His main objec- tive was to serve his countrymen and spread the Qur’anic teachings.At the age of about 40 years, during a journey of one month, he memorized 14 parts of the Holy Qur’an and later on became a Hafiz by memorizing the entire Qur’an.God had given him a miraculous healing power and his prayers were abundantly accepted.People from remote corners of India started visiting him for treatment.When the Maharajah of Kashmir heard of his fame, Maulana Nooruddin ra was appointed as his court physician.For the first time, he heard of Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as from a person named Sheikh Ruknuddin of District Sarghoda.Then, probably before March, 1885, a Hindu fellow passed on to him an announcement published by the Promised Messiah as.This impressed him very deeply.Soon after, he went to see Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as in Qadian, who had Family Background Education His Profession The First Person to Take Bai`at (March 23, 1889) 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 P P P P P R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I FA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H I I I I I

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264 264 264 264 264 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION not yet made any proclamation about himself.But Hadrat Maulana Nooruddin ra , at the very first sight of him, recognized the truth which he personified and became his most devoted companion.Later, on March 23, 1989, when the Promised Messiah as , accepted the first ever Bai`at in Ludhiana, Maulana Nooruddin ra was the first person to take Bai`at.Soon after his first visit to Qadian, he offered to leave his job and settle in Qadian, but the Promised Messiah as did not accept his request at that time.Therefore, he stayed in Kashmir up to September 1892, when the new Ruler of Kashmir terminated his job.He now returned to Bhera and started the construction of a large clinic.In April 1893, the construction of his clinic was near completion.He went to Qadian on a short visit.But when the time came for him to take leave, the Promised Messiah as asked him to forget about his hometown and make Qadian his permanent home.So he stayed and from that moment on, he never even thought of returning to Bhera.Such was his complete submission and obedience to the Promised Messiah as.He established a clinic in Qadian and started giving free treatment to the poor.He fully enjoyed the company of the Promised Messiah as and dedi- cated his life to the cause of his mission.He taught the Holy Qur’an and Ahadith to the children of the Promised Messiah as and to hundreds of other students.He served as a teacher in Arabic in the Ta`leemul Islam High School.He was appointed President of the Sadr Anjuman Ahmadiyya, Qadian.He contributed to the newspapers Al-Hakam and Al-Badr and completed translation of the Holy Qur’an.After the sad demise of the Promised Messiah as , Hadrat Maulana Nooruddin ra was elected as first Khalifa.On that occasion, nearly 1,200 members of the Jama`at took Bai`at at his hands.The first and foremost task performed by him, was the consolidation of the system of Khilafat.Some of the impor- tant events of his Khilafat are as follows: ♦ On May 30, 1908, Baitul Maal or the Treasury was set up.On March 5, 1910, Huzur laid the foundation-stone of Masjid Noor.♦ On March 1, 1909, Madrasa Ahmadiyya was opened, replacing the Branch of Religious Education which was previously opened (Janu- ary 1906) in Madrasa Ta`limul Islam, Qadian.The purpose of this branch was to produce missionaries according to the instructions of Settlement in Qadian (April, 1893) His Life in Qadian His Khilafat (May 27, 1908 to March 13, 1914) P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — K — K — K — K — K HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIFA A A A ATUL TUL TUL TUL TUL M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H I I I I I 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3

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265 265 265 265 265 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION the Promised Messiah as.The same Madrasa Ahmadiyya progressed and eventually became Jamia Ahmadiyya on May 20, 1928 during the time of Hadrat Khalifatul Masih II ra.♦ On November 18, 1910, Huzur fell down from his horse and re- ceived a serious head injury.The Promised Messiah as had seen this event take place in a dream in 1905.♦ In February 1911, Anjuman Ansarullah was set up by Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad ra.On July 25, 1912, Hadrat Khalifatul Masih I ra laid the foundation stone of Ta`leemul Islam High School.♦ On June 19, 1913, the newspaper Al-Fadl was published for the first time.In the same month, the first foreign mission was established in England.♦ On December 26-28, 1913, he delivered two magnificent lectures in the Jalsa Salana, which turned out to be the last Jalsa Salana of his Khilafat.In January 1914, Huzur ra fell seriously ill.His health continued to decline as the time passed.But his religious activities, particularly his Dars-e- Qur’an, were not interrupted.On the 13th of March, 1914, the last Friday Prayer of his Khilafat was led by Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad ra.The same day, at 2:20 p.m, Hadrat Khalifatul Masih I ra passed away, while he was saying his prayer.The next day, Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad ra was elected Khalifatul Masih II, who led the Janaza prayer of this blessed person.He was buried in the Bahishti Maqbarah , by the side of his beloved Imam, the Promised Messiah as.Hadrat Maulana Nooruddin ra enjoyed a unique status because of his love for the Holy Qur’an and the Promised Messiah as.Also, his complete trust in God, high standard of taqwaa and his grand service to humanity, were the three distinctive qualities of his character.The Promised Messiah’s great love and regard for him is beautifully expressed in one of his Persian po- ems as follows: How wonderful would it be if everyone among my followers were to become Nooruddin.It can happen only if every heart is filled with the light of certainty of Faith.His Illness and Demise (March 13, 1914) 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 P P P P P R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I FA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H I I I I I

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266 266 266 266 266 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad ra was the second successor of the Promised Messiah as.He was a distinguished Khalifa because his birth was foretold by a number of previous prophets and saints.Moreover, the Promised Messiah as received a Divine sign for the truth of Islam as a result of his forty days’ prayers at Hoshiarpur (India).God Al- mighty told him that a pure son (Muslih Mau`ood) would be born to him within a period of nine years.He had already published this prophecy re- garding Muslih Mau`ood on February 20, 1886.In accordance with this divine prophecy and within the specified period, the promised son, was born to the Promised Messiah as on January 12, 1889 at Qadian.He was named Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad.The prophecy about Muslih Mau`ood had also specified some special qualities of the promised son.For instance, it was foretold that he would be extremely intelligent and highly learned.His fame will spread to the ends of the earth and nations would be blessed through him.Let us now study brief a short account of his life and see how magnificently this grand prophecy was fulfilled in the person of Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin, Khalifatul Masih-II ra.He got his primary education in a school of Qadian and then in the Ta`leemul Islam School when it started in 1898.He could not do well in his studies due to his persistent ill- health.His academic career came to an end in March 1905, when he failed in the Matriculation (Grade 10) examination.About two years before this, in October 1903, he had married Sayyidah Mahmooda Begum Sahiba (Hadrat Umm-e-Nasir ra ).He started learning the translation of the Holy Qur’an and the Ahadith from Hadrat Maulana Nooruddin ra.Moreover, he began his independent study of religion, history, literature and various other subjects.He developed into a great scholar and had mastery over many subjects.His Birth; A Splendid Sign of God (January 12, 1889) Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadra a a a at Mirza Bashir t Mirza Bashir t Mirza Bashir t Mirza Bashir t Mirza Bashirud ud ud ud uddin din din din din Mahmood Ahmad Mahmood Ahmad Mahmood Ahmad Mahmood Ahmad Mahmood Ahmad ra ra ra ra ra Khalifatul Masih II Period of Khilafat: March 14, 1914 to November 8, 1965 Education and Early Years P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIFA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H II II II II II 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4

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267 267 267 267 267 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Thus, the following prophecy of the Promised Messiah as regarding Muslih Mau`ood was clearly fulfilled in his person:...He will be extremely intelligent and understanding and will be meek of heart and will be filled with secular and spiritual knowledge.He received his first divine revelation in 1905, when he was only sixteen years old: I will place those who follow you above those who disbelieve until the day of Resurrection.In 1907, an angel taught him the commentary of Surah Fatihah, the first chapter of the Holy Qur’an.From then onward, he was gifted with an un- usual knowledge of the commentary of the Holy Qur’an.When the Promised Messiah as passed away, Hadrat Muslih Mau`ood ra was only nineteen years old.On this critical occasion, he stood by the body of his deceased father and made the following pledge: Even if all the people should abandon you (the Promised Messiah as ), I will stand alone against the whole world, not caring for any opposition or enmity.In February 1911, he founded Anjuman Ansarullah.In September 1912, he performed the pilgrimage to Mecca.In 1913, he started the publication of the newspaper Al-Fadl.On March 14, 1914, the day after the death of Khalifatul Masih I ra , Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin ra was unanimously elected as Khalifatul Masih II, when he was only 25 years old.About 2,000 Ahmadis present at that occasion, took Bai`at at his hands.There was a small but influential group of opponents within the community, who did not take the Bai`at.At first, they tried their best to put an end to the system of Khilafat.Then, they decided to leave Qadian and moved to Lahore.They were certain that the young Khalifa would not survive without their support, and the system of Khilafat would collapse by itself.Their expecta- tions, however, turned out to be completely wrong.The followers of the young Khalifatul Masih grew rapidly, whereas his opponents were reduced to an insignificant group.The blessings of Khilafat prevailed! Beginning of Revelations (1905) His Resolute Pledge (May 26, 1908) His Election as Khalifatul Masih II (March 14, 1914) 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 P P P P P R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I FA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H II II II II II

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268 268 268 268 268 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Under the great leadership of Hadrat Khalifatul Masih II ra , the Ahmadiyya community progressed byleaps and bounds.His 52-year long period of Khilafat was full of unusually great achievements and lanmarks that demon- strated Divine help.From the very first day of his Khilafat, he started taking all necessary steps to organize and unite the community.Soon the crisis was over and stability prevailed.Then, the young Khalifa began making elaborate plans for the spread of Islam throughout the world.Some highlights of his achievements are given below: ♦ On April 12, 1914, the first Majlis-e-Shoora of his Khilafat took place, to formulate a worldwide Tabligh Plan.On December, 1915, the com- mentary of the first part of the Holy Qur’an was published.♦ On January 1, 1919, various Departments (Nazaarats) were set up to streamline the working of Sadr Anjuman Ahmadiyya.On April 15, 1922, the Majlis Shoora was established for the first time, as a perma- nent advisory body to the Khalifa.♦ On September 23, 1924, he attended the Wembley Conference in En- gland, where his article ‘Ahmadiyyat - The True Islam’ was read out.On May 20, 1928, he inaugurated Jaami`ah Ahmadiyya , an elite institu- tion for training and producing qualified Muslim missionaries.♦ On December, 1930, his elder brother, Hadrat Mirza Sultan Ahmad ra took Bai`at at his hands and became the fourth Ahmadi son of the Prom- ised Messiah as.Thus, the part of the prophecy regarding Muslih Mau`ood, He will convert three into four was fulfilled.♦ On July 25, 1931, he was elected president of the All-India Kashmir Committee, and strived hard for the rights of the Kashmiri people.Later on, in June 1948, he sent a battalion of Ahmadi volunteers called Furqaan Force to fight along with the Pakistan Army for liberating Kashmir.♦ He wrote a large number of books, including ten volumes of the Tafseer- e-Kabeer , the detailed commentary of the Holy Qur’an.In addition, some of his main achievements are summarized below: Many new Ahmadiyya missions were opened in a number of foreign coun- tries such as: Ceylon and Mauritius (1915), U.S.A (1920), West African countries (1921), Indonesia (1925) and Palestine (1928).The Fadl Mosque, London was founded on October 19, 1924 by Hadrat Khalifatul Masih II himself.His Khilafat (March 14, 1914 to November 8, 1965) Establishment of Foreign Ahmadiyya Missions P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIFA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H II II II II II 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4

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269 269 269 269 269 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION To intensify the missionary work in foreign countries, a new scheme named, Tahrik-e-Jadid was initiated, which was based on observing nineteen prin- ciples or demands.Under this scheme, the Ahmadis were urged to lead a simple life and to make more sacrifices of their time and money for the cause of Islam.Also, they were advised to earn more and to ensure higher education for their children.As a result of this innovative scheme, more foreign missions were opened in many other countries such as: East Africa (1934), Japan (1935), Burma (1938), France (1945), Spain (1946), Holland (1947), Switzerland (1948), West Germany (1949) and Denmark (1956).Later on, a number of mis- sions were opened in Sweden, Norway, Fiji and Guyana.As the community was growing rapidly, it was divided into different age groups to ensure better training of all Jama`at members: Lajna Imaa’illah : for women above the age of 15- established on Decem- ber 25, 1922.Nasiratul Ahmadiyya: for girls of ages 7 to 15 years- established in February, 1939.Majlis Ansarullah : for men above the age of 40-established on July 26, 1940 — Hadrat Maulvi Sher Ali was the first president.Majlis Khuddam-ul-Ahmadiyya: for the youth.of ages 15 to 40-estab- lished on December 25, 1938.Majlis Atfalul Ahmadiyya: for boys for 7 to 15 years of age- established on July 26, 1940.On January 28, 1944, Hadrat Khalifatul Masih II ra claimed for the first time that he was indeed the ‘Promised Son’ as mentioned in the prophecy regard- ing Muslih Mau`ood.In a number of public meetings, he told the commu- nity that his claim was based on various divine revelations and dreams.These meetings were held in Hoshiarpur (Feb.20, 1944), Lahore (March 12, 1944), Ludhiana (March 23, 1944) and Delhi (April 16, 1944).In August, 1947, when Pakistan came into being, Hadhrat Khalifatul Masih- II ra along with the Jama`at members moved from Qadian to Pakistan.Some 313 Ahmadis, called Darveshaan stayed behind to take care of Qadian.In Pakistan, Huzur ra laid the foundation of Jama`at’s new Centre at Rabwah, a waste and barren piece of land, which has wonderfully transformed into a model town with all its religious, educational and social institutions.In addition, there are the headquarters of the worldwide Ahmadiyya Muslim Tahrik-e-Jadid (November 23, 1934) Auxiliary Organizations Claim to be The Promised Reformer (January 28,1944) New Centre at Rabwah (September 20, 1948) 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 P P P P P R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I FA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H II II II II II

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270 270 270 270 270 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Jama`at, and the official residence of the Khalifatul Masih, called Qasr- e-Khilafat.It would be of interest to note that the Arabic word Rabwah means ‘an elevated land’ and is mentioned in the Holy Qur’an (23:51) with reference to Jesus Christ as and his mother.On December 28, 1957, Huzur ra announced this novel plan to expand mis- sionary work to educate and impart religious training to rural population inside Pakistan.On March 10, 1954, Hadhrat Khalifatul Masih II ra survived an attempt on his life, but he was seriously wounded in his neck.This happened in Masjid Mubarak, Rabwah, at the time of `Asr prayer.As soon as he got up to leave after the Prayer, an enemy of Ahmadiyyat, who had come to the mosque with an intention to kill him, moved forward and stabbed Huzur in the side of his neck from behind.It was a deep wound but God saved the life of Huzur.Later on, he had to go to Europe on April 5, 1955, for medical treatment.In Europe, Huzur ra remained very busy with the inspection of foreign missions, and the duties of his office, and thus recovered only partially.He came back to Rabwah on Sept.25, 1955.He was again fully occupied with the heavy duties of his office.In addition, he completed the writing of Tafseer-e-Sagheer , the short commentary of the Holy Qur’an, in 1957.As a result of his extremely heavy work load and the after-effects of the deep wound in his neck, his health condition gradually worsened over a period of seven years.At last, on November 8, 1965, at nearly 2 a.m., before dawn, Hadhrat Muslih Mau`ood, Khalifatul Masih II ra , passed away, at the age of seventy-seven.Next day, his Janaza prayer was led by Hadhrat Mirza Nasir Ahmad ra , the newly elected Khalifatul Masih III rh.He was buried in the Bahishti Maqbarah by the side of his mother, Hadhrat Ummul Mu’mineen, Sayyidah Nusrat Jahan Begum ra.He possessed a unique combination of qualities of leadership, organiza- tional genius, trust in God, courage, depth of knowledge in many fields and personal magnetism.No doubt, his 52-year long Khilafat represented a golden period in the History of Ahmadiyyat.And, in his person the prophecy regarding Muslih Mau`ood was fulfilled with great perfection.Waqf-e-Jadid (December 28, 1957) Murderous attempt on his Life and his Visit to Europe (March 10, 1954) His Illness and Demise (Nov.8, 1965) P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIFA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H II II II II II 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4

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271 271 271 271 271 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Hadrat Mirza Nasir Ahmad rh , the third Khalifa of the Promised Messiah as was born on November 16, 1909.He was the son of Hadrat Khalifatul Masih II rh and grandson of the Promised Messiah aa.His birth was foretold by God Almighty in a revelation to the Promised Messiah as : I shall give you a boy who will be your grandson.(Haqeeqatul Wahi, p.95) Similarly, his father, Hadrat Khalifatul Masih II ra was told by God Almighty that He would be given a son: who will be `Nasir’ or Helper of Religion (Tareekh-e-Ahmadiyyat-iv, p.320) Hadrat Mirza Nasir Ahmad rh became a Hafiz at the age of thirteen, when he completed memorization of the Holy Qur’an.In July 1929, he obtained the degree of Maulvi Faadil (Religious Scholar), from Punjab University.In 1934, he graduated from Government College, Lahore.He married in August 1934.One month later, he left Qadian for England for higher studies.In November 1938, he came back to Qadian after obtaining his Masters degree from Oxford University.Soon after his return from higher studies, Hadrat Mirza Nasir Ahmad rh started serving, first as a professor and then, from 1939 to 1944, as Principal, of Jaami`ah Ahmadiyya Qadian.From May 1944 to November 1965 (i.e.up to his election as Khalifa), he served as Principal, Ta`leemul Islam College, Rabwah, Pakistan.He also served as Sadr Majlis Khuddamul Ahmadiyya from 1939 to 1949.From the year 1949, when Hadrat Khalifatul Masih II rh himself took hold of Majlis Khuddamul Ahmadiyya as its president, Hadrat Mirza Nasir Ahmad rh Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadra a a a at Haf t Haf t Haf t Haf t Hafiz Mirza Nasir iz Mirza Nasir iz Mirza Nasir iz Mirza Nasir iz Mirza Nasir Ahmad Ahmad Ahmad Ahmad Ahmad rh rh rh rh rh Khalifatul Masih III Period of Khilafat: November 8, 1965 to June 9, 1982 His Early Life 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 P P P P P R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I FA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H III III III III III Education His Services to the Jama`at

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272 272 272 272 272 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION acted as Nai'b Sadr up to November 1954.The same year, he was appointed Sadr Majlis Ansarullah.From June 1948 to June 1950, he played an important role in the Furqaan Force Battalion, an Ahmadi volunteer force, put at the disposal of the Government of Pakistan, for the cause of Mulsim Kashmir.In May 1955, he was appointed Sadr of Sadr Anjuman Ahmadiyya (main administrative body of the Jama`at), by Hadrat Khalifatul Masih II ra.On November 8, 1965, Hadrat Khalifatul Masih II ra passed away in Rabwah, Pakistan.Thereupon, Hadrat Mirza Nasir Ahmad rh was elected as Khalifatul Masih III.Following his election, some five thousand present Ahmadis, performed Bai`at at his hands.Some of the salient features of his seventeen-year Khilafat are given below: Hadrat Khalifatul Masih III rh established this scheme in memory of Hadrat Fadl-e-`Umar, Khalifatul Masih II ra.The Jama’at contributed 5.2 million rupees, much in excess of the target of 2.5 million initially fixed by Huzur.This fund was used to promote activities which had been of special interest to Hadrat Khalifatul Masih II ra , in the fields of research work, education, missionary work and economic welfare of the Jama’at.Under this scheme, on October 3, 1971, a modern library named Khilafat Library was also established in Rabwah.During his visit (from April 4 to June 8, 1970) to seven countries of West Africa, ‘Nusrat Jehan Scheme’ was announced by Huzur, which he announced soon after his return to Rabwah.It was named after Hadrat Ummul Mu'mineen, Sayyidah Nusrat Jehan ra , the wife of the Promised Messiah as.Under this scheme, Huzur appealed to raise a fund of 100,000 Pounds ster- ling and to organize a large group of volunteer teachers and doctors for the establishment of a number of hospitals and schools in West Africa, purely for the service of humanity and without any profit motive.The Jama’at responded to Huzur’s appeal in an exemplary manner and, in a short span of time, 17 Medical Centres and 15 Secondary Schools were established in West African countries.His Khilafat (November 8, 1965 to June 9, 1982) Fadl-e-`Umar Foundation (December 21, 1965) Nusrat Jehan Scheme (June 12, 1970) P P P P P R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I FA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H III III III III III 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5

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273 273 273 273 273 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION On the last day of Jalsa Salana 1973, Hadrat Khalifatul Masih III rh announced this grand scheme, not only to mark the 100 years of existence of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama’at on March 23, 1989, but also to plan an inten- sive program to be undertaken during the next century for spreading Islam.Under this scheme, Huzur rh appealed to raise a fund of 25 million rupees in sixteen years (1974-1989) to expand the project of foreign missions and translations of the Holy Qur’an, and to install printing presses and broad- casting systems.By the grace of God Almighty, Jama`ats from more than fifty-four coun- tries participated in this grand scheme, which in addition to other projects, resulted in the construction of a mosque in Berg, Sweden and another in Oslo, Norway.Also, five new Jama’at Centres were opened in the UK.Hadrat Khalifatul Masih III ra announced the scheme Waqf-e `Aardi on March 12, 1966, under which Ahmadi Muslims should spend at least two weeks of their time at a designated place, at their own expense, in teaching the Holy Qur’an and giving religious training to the local Ahmadis.He instituted Majlis Moosiyaan / Moosiyaat on August 5, 1966.He inau- gurated Khilafat Library, Rabwah on October 3, 1971, and Masjid Al-Aqsaa , Rabwah, on March 31, 1972.Also, he laid the foundation stone of Masjid Basharat , Spain, on October 9, 1980.On this occasion, he announced the golden Islamic motto — Love for All, Hatred for None.On May 29, 1974, with the attack on Rabwah railway station by the Nishtar College students, severe violence broke out against Ahmadis throughout Pakistan.It was backed by the then government of Pakistan headed by prime minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto.Houses of Ahmadi were looted and burnt, and a number of Ahmadis were killed during these acts of violence.The community members were sub- jected to social boycott and many high ranking Ahmadi civil and army offi- cials were forcibly retired.During this critical period, the Ahmadis, under the able guidance of Hadrat Khalifatul Masih III rh , faced all hardships with great patience, endurance and prayers.In the end, on Sept.7, 1974, the Centenary Jubilee Scheme (Dec.28, 1973) Some Other Achievements Violence against Ahmadis (1974) 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 P P P P P R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I FA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H III III III III III

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274 274 274 274 274 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION National Assembly of Pakistan passed an amendment to the Constitu- tion, which declared the Ahmadis in Pakistan to be non-Muslims.This was undoubtedly an act of grave defiance in the sight of Allah.Consequently, prime minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto met with a humiliating end when he was later removed from office, imprisoned and then hanged on April 4, 1979.On May 21, 1982, Hadrat Khalifatul Masih III rh delivered his last Friday sermon.On May 23, he left Rabwah for Islamabad, where, on May 26, he was taken ill and passed away on June 9, 1982 at 12.45 p.m.On June 10, 1982, Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad, the newly elected Khalifatul Masih IV (May Allah help him), led his Janazah prayer in Rabwah with nearly 100,000 participants.He was buried in Bahishti Maqbarah , Rabwah, Pakistan.During the seventeen years of his Khilafat, Hadrat Khalifatul Masih III rh , with his unique administrative ability and his distinctive plans of far-reach- ing benefits, was certainly able to strengthen and expand the Jama`at re- markably.His Illness and Demise (June 9, 1982) P P P P P R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I FA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H III III III III III 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 Hadrat Khalifatul Masih III rh ’s First Address after Bai`at “This is a covenant, which I have made knowing that God is One and is Omnipotent and Omnipresent and He knows the Unseen, and cursed is he who behaves fraudulently at this hour.I promise before you all that I shall try my best to convey the divine message of Islam in the whole world, and treat everyone of you with love and sympathy.As you have put heavy burden of responsibility on my shoulders, I expect that you will assist me with prayers and sincere advice that Allah may take such work from me, which is essential for the propogation of Islam and Ahmadiyyat...” Ahmadiyya Gazette Canada (May-June 2003, page 22)

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275 275 275 275 275 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih IV rh was born in Qadian on December 18, 1928.He was the son of Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih II ra from his third wife Hadrat Sayyidah Umm-e- Tahir Maryam Begum ra.His maternal grandfather, Hadrat Dr.Abdus-Sattar Shah ra , was a devoted companion of the Promised Messiah as , whose lineage can be traced back to Hadrat Ali ra , the fourth Khalifa of the Holy Prophet saw.Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad rh obtained his high school education in 1944 at Ta`leemul Islam High School, Qadian, and then his higher secondary educa- tion from Government College Lahore.In 1953, he obtained the degree Shahid (Religious Scholar) from Jaami`ah Ahmadiyya, Rabwah.In April 1955, he accompanied his father, Hadrat Muslih Mau`ood ra , who went for a visit to England.He obtained higher education in the School of Oriental Studies, London University.He returned to Rabwah on October 4, 1957.On November 12, 1958, Hadrat Khalifatul Masih II ra appointed him ‘Nazim Irshad’ of Waqf-e-Jadeed.Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad rh made great efforts to promote the missionary work inside Pakistan.He served as Nai'b Sadr, Majlis Khuddamul Ahmadiyya during the period 1960 to 1966.In 1961, he was also appointed a member of the Iftaa’ Committee (Islamic Jurispru- dence Committee) Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad rh served as Sadr Majlis Khuddamul Ahmadiyya from 1966 to 1969, and Hadrat Khalifatul Masih III ra was much pleased with him for his achievements in this field.In January, 1970, he was ap- pointed Director of Fadl-e-`Umar foundation.In July and August, 1974, he was a member of the Jama'at’s delegation, headed by Hadrat Khalifatul Masih III ra , to the National Assembly of Pakistan, to Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadra a a a at Mirza t Mirza t Mirza t Mirza t Mirza T T T T Tahir ahir ahir ahir ahir Ahmad Ahmad Ahmad Ahmad Ahmad rh rh rh rh rh Khalifatul Masih IV Period of Khilafat: June 10, 1982 to April 19, 2003 His Birth (Dec.18, 1928) 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I FA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H IV IV IV IV IV Education Services during Second Khilafat Services during Third Khilafat

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276 276 276 276 276 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION present and prove the truth of Jama’at’s beliefs.Also, his dynamic leadership as Sadr Majlis Ansarullah (1979 to 1982) gave a new life to the Majlis.After the sad demise of Hadrat Mirza Nasir Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih III ra , Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad rh was elected Khalifatul Masih IV on June 10,1982 at Rabwah, and all the participants took Bai`at at his hands.By the end of July, 1982, Hadrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh started his visit to Europe for an inspection of the foreign missions and to inaugurate the Masjid Basharat, Pedro-abad, Spain.During this visit, Huzur rh opened two new missions in England and established Majalis Shura in a number of countries.Besides conducting a large number of Majalis Irfan (question answer sessions) in each country he visited, he addressed eighteen press conferences and delivered a public lecture in Zurich, Switzerland.On September 10, 1982, Huzur rh inaugurated the historic Masjid Basharat at Pedroabad, Spain— the first one to be built in that country in the last 500 years.The ceremony was attended by nearly two thousand Ahmadi representatives from different countries of the world and about one thousand local citizens.The proceedings of the inauguration were widely displayed by the leading newspapers, radio and television throughout Europe.In this way, the message of Islam reached millions of people in a very effective manner.On September 30, 1983, during his visit to Australia, Huzur rh laid the foundation stone of the first Ahmadiyya Mosque at Sydney, Australia.Hadrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh launched a number of schemes to mobilize Jama’at’s efforts for the worldwide spread of Islam.Some of these are given below: ‘Short Time Waqf’ for Spain — On October 10 1982, Huzur rh announced the ‘Short Time Waqf’ scheme for Spain and to learn the Spanish language.Bu-yootul Hamd — This scheme consisted of a housing project to benefit the needy people in Rabwah, Pakistan.It was launched on Oct.29, 1982, in the spirit of thanksgiving for building Masjid Basharat in Spain.‘Short Time Waqf’ for Ansarullah — On Nov.11, 1982, this scheme was announced to encourage the members of Ansarullah to dedicate the rest of their lives after retirement for the cause of Islam.Inspection of Missions in Europe (July 28, 1982 to October 11, 1982) and inauguration of mosques Achievements during his Khilafat P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — K — K — K — K — K HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIFA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H IV IV IV IV IV 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 Various Tahrikaat (1982 - 1985)

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277 277 277 277 277 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Waqf-e-Jadid Extension — On December 12, 1985, the scheme of ‘Waqf- e-Jadid’ was extended to all the countries of the world.On January 28, 1983, Huzur rh launched a very important scheme Da’wat IlAllah, meaning ‘Calling to the path of Allah’.Under this grand scheme, every Ahmadi should start preaching to his friends and to all those with whom he has some acquaintance.In his various sermons, he explained very effective ways of successful preaching.This scheme has been progressing very well since it was launched.On April 3, 1987, Huzur rh announced a grand scheme named Waqf-e Nau Scheme , under which Ahmadi families were urged to dedicate their children born before March 23, 1989, which marked the end of the first century of the existence of Ahmadiyyat.On February 10, 1989, Huzur rh extended the period of the scheme from two to four years, and fixed a target of 5,000 children to be dedicated for the next century for the worldwide spread of Islam.Despite the two major outbreaks of violence against the Ahmadis in Pakistan (1953 and 1974), the Divinely instituted Ahmadiyya movement continued its systematic progress during the periods of second and third Khilafat.In the face of grand new schemes launched by Hadhrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh , the government of Pakistan and its orthodox Islamic clergy mounted another wave of violence, persecution and severe restrictions against the Ahmadis, which culminated in Ordinance 20 on April 26, 1984.As it became increasingly difficult to safeguard the institution of Khilafat in Pakistan in view of the new restrictions, Hadhrat Khalifatul Masih-IV migrated to England on April 29-30, 1984.This migration has opened a new era in the history of the Jama`at.Hadrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh challenged President Ziaul Haq of Pakistan and his supporters to a Mubahila (prayer contest).This meant that by offering prayers for God’s judgement, God would inflict His sign of wrath on the liars.Huzur also said that God would do so even if the Mubahila was not formally accepted by General Ziaul Haq.As a result of this Mubahila, on August 17, 1988, President Ziaul Haq and many of his associates were killed in a mysterious air crash, and thus God Almighty once again demonstrated the truth of Ahmadiyyat, by means of His Sign of wrath on the liars.Da`wat IlAllah Program Waqf-e-Nau Scheme Migration to England (April 29-30, 1984) Challenge to Mubahila (June 10, 1988) 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I FA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H IV IV IV IV IV

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278 278 278 278 278 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Centenary Celebrations (March 23, 1989) Muslim Television Ahmadiyya - MTA, and inauguration of North American Mosques (1992-94) 100th Annual Con- ference in Qadian (1991) The completion of the first century of Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama’at was celebrated in almost all the countries of the world.In Pakistan, the Government of Punjab banned a substantial part of these celebrations.In December 1991, Huzur rh undertook the historic trip to Qadian, India to attend the 100th Annual Conference (Jalsa Salana).It was undoubtedly a great historic event because since 1947, this was the first occasion that a Successor to the Promised Messiah as visited Qadian, the first Center of Jama`at Ahmadiyya.Thousands of Ahmadis from all corners of the world poured into Qadian, and Huzur’s speeches were televised all over the world.Hadrat Syeda Asifa Begum, wife of Hadrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh and grand- daughter of the Promised Messiah, despite her illness, accompanied Huzur on his trip to Qadian.She passed away on April 3rd, 1992 in London.On August 21, 1992, previous trial satellite trasmissions were organized into the blessed system of Muslim Television Ahmadiyya (MTA).♦ On October 16, 1992, Huzur rh inaugurated the Bai’tul Islam Mosque (Toronto, Canada), then the largest mosque in North America, with the Friday Sermon.It was an unprecedented event — for the first time in the history of Ahmadiyyat and Islam, a Friday sermon was transmitted live to all continents of the world, thus fulfilling the revelation of the Promised Messiah as — I shall cause thy message to reach the corners of the earth — in an entirely new way.♦ On October 14, 1994, another historic event took place.Huzur rh simultaneously inaugurated Baitur Rahman Mosque in Washington D.C and the Jama`at’s first satellite earth station.This station serves the Western Hemisphere by relaying the international transmission from the UK.On April 1, 1996, 24-hour worldwide MTA service was started.On January 29, 1993, Huzur rh announced a special Scheme to provide moral and financial help to the oppressed people of Bosnia.In response, the Jama`at urgently raised an amount of about 79000 pounds.On July 28, 1993, during the 28th Jalsa Salana of Jama`at Ahmadiyya, U.K., a unique historic event took place, when 204,308 new Ahmadi Muslims, from 84 countries and 115 nations of the world, took Bai‘at at the hands of Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad rh via live satellite transmission.This Bai`at tradition continues yearly with the number of new Ahmadis almost doubling.P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — K — K — K — K — K HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIFA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H IV IV IV IV IV 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 Scheme to Help the Oppressed People of Bosnia Historic Worldwide Bai‘at through Live Telecast (July 28, 1993)

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279 279 279 279 279 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Previously, in May 1988, Huzur started a Magzine in Arabic named Al- Taqwaa.In 1994, about two years after the MTA (Muslim Television Ahmadiyya) was establised , a series of question-answer sessions in Arabic were started on MTA in which Huzur himself with a group of Arab Ahmadi scholars participated.The popularity of both the Magzine, Al-Taqwaa and the MTA program, Liqaa ma`al `Arab has been growing in the Arab world as witnessed by a number of Arab scholars.On July 15, 1994, a program series named, T arjamatul Qur’an Classes (Classes of Translation of the Holy Qur’an) began on MTA, in which Huzur completed 305 hours of classes that continued up to February 24, 1999.This simple but highly authentic and comprehensive urdu translation of the Holy Qur’an was later published in the year 2000.On October 19, 1999, Huzur rh laid the foundation stone of the Baitul Futuh Mosque in Morden, Surrey, UK, which will be the largest Mosque of Western Europe.Hadrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh was the first Khalifa to visit the largest Islamic country, Indonesia.During his visit (June 19 - July 11, 2000), Huzur laid down the foundation stone of a mosque and a secondary school.Huzur met the President of Indonesia and the Chairman of the National Assembly.He gave an inspiring lecture on the topic, ‘To Find Again Prophetic Vision of Religion’, in the Gadja Mada University.This was followed by a Question- Answer session attended by a large number of the students, professors, doctors and other intellectuals.No doubt, this visit of Huzur was a source of great blessings and spiritual inspiration for all the members of Ahmadiyya Jama`at in Indonesia.In the year 2000, based on a dream, Huzur rh paid special attention to the problems of unemployment and arrangement of marriages of young children.Later on February 21, 2003, a few weeks before his demise, Huzur announced establishment of Maryam Shadi (Marriage) Fund to provide financial help to needy parents for the marriages of their daughters.7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I FA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H IV IV IV IV IV Tarjamatul Qur’an Class on MTA (July 15, 1994) Foundation Stone of Baitul Futuh Mosque, UK (Oct.19, 1999) Historic Visit to Indonesia (June - July, 2000) Liqaa ma`al `Arab - Meeting with Arabs, (1994) Maryam Shadi (Marriage) Fund February 21, 2003

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280 280 280 280 280 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Last Friday Sermon and Majlis `Irfan (April 18, 2003) In July, 2002, Huzur rh addressed the last Annual Conference (63rd Jalsa Salana) of his Khilafat in U.K.In his address on the second day (July 27), Huzur rh presented an account of stunning achievements during his Khilafat.After his migration to United Kingdom in 1984, an addition of 13065 new mosques and 985 new missions took place in various countries of the world.The uptodate translations of the Holy Qur’an increased to 56 and the Translations of Selections from the Holy Qur’an increased to more than 100.Since 1984, Jama`at Ahmadiyya was established in 84 additional countries of the world and thus on the whole, Jama`at Ahmadiyya has been established in 175 countries of the world.Huzur rh delivered his last Friday Sermon on April 18, 2003 in the Mosque, Al-Fadl, London, United Kingdom.In his sermon, Huzu rh r referred to the attribute of Allah, Al-Khabeer (the All-Aware) and narrated a faith giving account of a large numbers of prophecies of the the Holy Qur’an, the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa and the Promised Messiah as.Huzur addressed his last Majlis `Irfan in the evening of April 18, 2003.Our beloved Imam, Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih IV rh passed away due to heart failure at the age of 75 on April 19, 2008 at 9:30 a.m (London Time) in his residence beside the Fadl Mosque, London.On April 22, the Community’s Electoral College elected Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aa as the Fifth Successor (Khalifatul Masih V).He led the funeral prayer of Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih IV rh on April 23, 2003 at Islamabad, Tilford, United Kingdom.where he was burried.More than 40,000 people from all over the world attended the service.His beloved wife, Syeda Asifa Begum had passed away in 1992.He was survived by four daughters and several grand children.Hadrat Khaliftul Masih IV rh was an exceptionally gifted person blessed with an ocean of secular and Qur`anic knowledge.He had developed exceptional skills in studying the scientific facts in light of the Holy Qur’an.This was clearly demonstrated when he published his famous book, named, ‘Revelation, Rationality, Knowledge and Truth’ published in 1998.Under his 21 years of vibrant and dynamic leadership, the community progressed by leaps and bounds.He was accessible to the masses through his extensive world wide tours, hundereds of question-answer sessions in public and on Muslim Television Ahmadiyya.In addition to his religious and spiritual duties, he served the community as a great homeopathic physician, a prolific writer and a keen sportsman.P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — K — K — K — K — K HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIFA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H IV IV IV IV IV 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 Last Annual Conference UK of His Khilafat July 26-28, 2002 His Demise (April 19, 2003)

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281 281 281 281 281 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIFA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H V V V V V Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadr Hadra a a a at Mirza Masr t Mirza Masr t Mirza Masr t Mirza Masr t Mirza Masroor oor oor oor oor Ahmad Ahmad Ahmad Ahmad Ahmad aa aa aa aa aa Khalifatul Masih V Period of Khilafat: April 22, 2003 to Present His Birth (Sept.15, 1950) Early Life and Education Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as The Promised Messiah and Imam Mahdi Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih V aa was born in Rabwah, Pakistan on September 15, 1950.He is the son of Hadrat Mirza Mansoor Ahmad and Hadrat Sayeda Nasira Begum Sahiba.He is also the great grandson of Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian, the Promised Messiah as , and the grandson of Hadrat Mirza Sharif Ahmad ra , the youngest son of the Promised Messiah as.Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aa is also the maternal grandson of Hadhrat Khalifatul Masih II ra.This is all illustrated by the following family tree: Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aa completed his primary education at Ta‘limul-Islam High School, Rabwah, and obtained a B.A.degree from Ta‘limul-Islam College, which is also located in Rabwah.In 1976, he earned a Master of Science degree in Agricultural Economics from the Agriculture University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.He was married on January 31, 1977 to Syeda Amatul Sabooh Begum Sahiba, daughter of Begum Sahibzadi Amatul Hakeem and Syed Daud Muzaffar Shah Sahib.He is blessed with a daughter, Amatul Waris (who is married to Mukaram Fateh Ahmad Dahiri of Nawabshah), and a son, Sahibzada Mirza Waqas Ahmad.Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as The Promised Messiah and Imam Mahdi Hadrat Mirza Mansoor Ahmad Hadrat Mirza Sharif Ahmad ra Other children of the Promised Messiah as Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad Khalifatul Masih V aa Hadrat Sayeda Nasira Begum Sahiba Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih II ra

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282 282 282 282 282 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — K — K — K — K — K HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIFA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H V V V V V 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 After finishing his studies in 1977, Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aa devoted his life for Islam ( as Waaqife Zindagi ) and, later the same year, on the instructions of Hadrat Mirza Nasir Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih III rh , he proceeded to Ghana under the Nusrat Jehan Scheme.He became the founding Principal of the Ahmadiyya Secondary School in Salaga, where he served for two years.Next, he served for four years as Principal of the Ahmadiyya Secondary School at Essarkyir.He served for a further two years as Manager of the Ahmadiyya Agricultural Farm in Depali.Earlier experiments had concluded that wheat could not grow in Ghana.However, relentless effort and research by Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aa and another Ahmadi, Mr.Qasim Ahmad, resulted in miraculous success.This first successful experiment of growing wheat as an economic crop in Ghana was later exhibited at an international trade fair.This revolutionized the country’s economy and paved the way for self-sufficiency in wheat.That is an additional reason why many successive Presidents of Ghana have commended the services rendered by the Ahmadiyya community to Ghana.In 1985, Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aa returned to Rabwah, Pakistan and was appointed Wakilul Maal II, that is, the second in-Charge of the Finance Department of the Jama’at.In 1994, he was appointed Nazir Ta’leem, i.e.Director of Education.In 1997, Hadhrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh , appointed Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aa as Nazir A’la, i.e.Chief Executive Director of the Sadr Anjuman Ahmadiyya Pakistan (the Central administrative organization of the Jama’at in Pakistan), and also as the local Amir.These long years of service in many different capacities contributed to give Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aa an excellent command of administrative matters.He has a disciplined approach to work and possesses the distinctive ability of getting to the heart of any issue and dealing with it squarely.From 1994 to 1997, Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aa served as Chairman of the Nasir Foundation and President of the Rabwah Beautification Committee.He expanded the Gulshan-e-Ahmad Nursery and his personal efforts helped transform Rabwah into the lush green city that it has become.Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aa served in different capacities in Majlis Khuddam-ul-Ahmadiyya, Pakistan, including the position of Naib Sadr (Vice President) for the period 1989-1990.Similarly, he served in various Service in Africa (1977 - 1985) Return to Pakistan and Service at Rabwah Headquarters (1985 - 2003)

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283 283 283 283 283 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 P P P P P R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D R O M I S E D M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I F H A L I FA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H V V V V V positions in Majlis Ansarullah, Pakistan.In 1999, Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aa had the honour of becoming a ‘prisoner in the name of Allah’ in Rabwah: He and another Ahmadi Muslim, Col.Ayaz Mahmood, were arrested on the false charges of ‘Blasphemy’ and ‘Disturbance of Public Order’, as part of the growing wave of persecution of Ahmadi Muslims in Pakistan.He was imprisoned on 30th April, 1999 and freed on 10th May the same year.Following the demise of Hadrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh on April 19, 2003, the Majlis Intikhab-e Khilafat (the Electoral College) met at Fadl Mosque, London, UK, on April 22, 2003, whereupon Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aa was elected as Khalifatul Masih V (Fifth Successor to the Promised Messiah as ).It was the first time in the history of the Jama’at that the election of a Khalifa was held outside of the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent and Ahmadi Muslims from around the world, as well as others, could follow the proceedings surrounding the election LIVE on MTA International.After the election, Huzur aa delivered his first address requesting the Jama`at to focus on prayers.Then, the members of the Electoral College as well as thousands of other Ahmadis waiting outside the Fadl Mosque, had the privilege of taking the Pledge of Initiation ( Bai`at ) at the blessed hand of Hadrat Amirul Mo’mineen, Khalifatul Masih V aa.On April 23, 2003, Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih V aa led the funeral prayer of Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih IV rh at Islamabad, Tilford, UK, and delivered his Second Address (see pg.362) to more than 40,000 people who had gathered from all over the world for the funeral service and the collective Bai`at.Thus, by the grace of Almighty Allah, and according to the prophecy of the Promised Messiah as regarding the Second Manifestation of Allah, was fulfilled once again with full glory, and our state of fear was changed to a state of peace.Huzur aa delivered the first Friday sermon of his Khilafat on April 25, 2003 on the topic of the Divine attribute of Al-Mujeeb (‘The Answerer of Prayer’).He described how, in answer to the prayers of the Promised Messiah as , our Merciful and Gracious God had bestowed on us the ‘Second Manifestation’ and changed our condition of fear (after the demise of Hadrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh ) to a condition of peace.His Election as Khalifatul Masih V and First Address (April 22, 2003) First Friday Sermon (April 25, 2003) Landmarks of 5 th Khilafat upto May 2008 Second Address (April 23, 2003)

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284 284 284 284 284 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — K — K — K — K — K HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIFA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H V V V V V 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 In his speech on the second day of the Jalsa Salana of the United Kingdom in 2003, Huzur aa presented an account of the great achievements of the Jama'at up to that point in time: The Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at (Community) had been established at that time in 176 countries.The Holy Qur’an had been translated and published in 57 languages.For the year 2002 to 2003 alone, 518 new Jama'ats, 226 new mosques and 281 new Tabligh Centers were established in various countries of the world, outside of Pakistan.In the same speech, Huzur aa mentioned that under the Nusrat Jehan Scheme, 36 hospitals and clinics were working in 12 African countries; while there were 373 Higher Secondary and other schools serving the public in 8 African countries.Huzur aa also urged Ahmadi doctors to serve in Ahmadiyya hospitals as Waqifeen ‘Ardi (‘Temporary Devotees’), for a minimum of three years.Then, Huzur aa mentioned the remarkable progress of the Waqf-e Nau Scheme under which there were at that time a total of 26, 321 children, consisting of 17, 680 boys and 8, 641 girls.In September, 2003, Huzur aa announced the establishment of the Tahir Foundation with the mandate of taking up the gigantic project of the compilation and publication of all Friday Sermons, Majalis Irfan (Question- Answer sessions in Urdu language) and other Question-Answer sessions, as well as the considerable collection of other works of Hadrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh.On October 3, 2003, Huzur aa delivered his Friday Sermon inaugurating the Baitul Futuh Mosque, Morden, Surrey, London, the largest mosque of the Western Europe.Besides a large number of dignitaries, more than 10,000 Ahmadi Muslims from UK and 40 other countries participated.Its foundation stone was laid on October, 1999 by Hadrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh.In his address to the first symposium of the European Chapter of the International Association of Ahmadi Architects and Engineers, Huzur aa advised Ahmadi engineers and architects to visit African countries as Waaqifeen ‘Ardi (Temporary Devotees’) and prepare a comprehensive report to help them with economical drinking water, solar power and housing projects.Economical Water, Power and Housing for Africa (June 4, 2004) First Annual Conference of his Khilafat - (July 25-27, 2003)- Inauguration of Baitul Futuh Mosque, UK (October 30, 2003 Tahir Foundation (September 2003) An Account of Jama`at Achievements

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285 285 285 285 285 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIFA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H V V V V V In his Friday sermon on June 4, 2004, Huzur aa advised every Ahmadi to become Waaqif-e-`Ardi (‘Temporary Devotee’), for a duration of at least two weeks, once or twice a year, for the sake of Da‘wat ilallah (‘Calling people to Allah’ ).All Jama`ats around the world must take this advice very seriously, as this the only way to widen the scope of Da‘wat ilallah.On August 1, 2004, on the last day of the Annual Convention of U.K, Huzur aa said that the Nizam-e Wasiyyat would be 100 years old in 2005, and the Ahmadiyya Nizam-e Khilafat would be 100 years old in 2008.Huzur aa expressed his desire that as part of Khilafat Jubilee celebrations and as a token of thankfulness to Allah the Almighty, at least 50 per cent of the earning Chanda Payers, should join Nizam-e Wasiyyat.In his Friday Sermon of September 24, 2004, Huzur aa strongly advised that every Ahmadi Muslim must learn the recitation and translation of the Holy Qur’an.Thereafter, everyone should start studying its commentary made by the Promised Messiah as — which is available in three volumes — and we should constantly strive to lead our lives according to the commandments of the Holy Qur’an.In his Friday sermon of November 6, 2004, Huzur aa announced the start of Office-V of Tahrik-e-Jadid, as Office-IV completed its 19 years starting from 1985 when Hadrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh announced it.Huzur aa also advised all Ahmadi Muslims to revive the accounts of Office-I of Tahrik-e- Jadid by paying the contributions of their parents or grandparents who may have contributed in Office-I.In his Friday Sermons of February 10 and February 24, 2005, Huzur aa painfully referred to the publication in the European press of disrespectful cartoons and of propaganda full of lies regarding the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa.Huzur aa said that our deep love for our beloved Holy Prophet sa demanded that we should make special plans to present to the world the beauty of the high morals and peaceful teachings of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa.In his Friday Sermon of February 18, 2005, Huzur aa advised Majlis Khuddam-ul-Ahmadiyya and Lajna Imaillah to prepare special teams that could promptly respond to allegations made against our beloved Prophet Muhammad sa.Waqf-e `Ardi and D`awat ilallah (June 4, 2004) Special Target for Nizam-e Wasiyyat (August 1, 2004) Learning Qur`anic Recitation and Translation (September 2004) Announcement of Office-V of Tahrik-e-Jadid (November 6, 2004) Responding to Attacks against the Holy Prophet sa (February 2005)

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286 286 286 286 286 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — K — K — K — K — K HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIFA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H V V V V V 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 In his Friday sermon of May 27, 2005, Huzur aa said that three years after that date (i.e.on May 27, 2008), the System of Khilafat would complete 100 years of its existence.Previously, Hadrat Khalifatul Masih III rh in his time had prescribed some prayers in preparation for the completion of 100 years of the establishment of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama’at.Huzur aa said that, following the same tradition, he was now prescribing a revised set of prayers and acts of worship ( see pg.361 ) for spiritual preparation for celebrating the Centenary Khilafat Jubilee.Later, in his Friday Sermon of August 26, Huzur aa said that in addition to those prayers and acts of worship, Ahmadi Muslims must set a high standard of fulfillment of the rights of people.He added that, in fact, if we did not fulfill the rights of people, those prayers and acts of worship would become meaningless.On October 1, 2005, Huzur aa inaugurated in London, the first Jamia Ahmadiyya of Europe.Previously on September 7, 2003, another historic event took place when Jamia Canada - the first Jamia Ahmadiyya in the Americas, was inaugurated in Mississauga, Canada by Maulana Naseem Mahdi (then Amir Jama`at Canada), under instructions from Hadrat Khalifatul Masih V aa.The Jamia Canada project was first approved by Hadrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh in August, 2000.Since the start of his Khilafat, Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih V aa has travelled to various countries of Europe, Africa, North America and Asia.In these countries, Huzur aa met with thousands of Jama`at members, missionaries and office bearers, who welcomed Huzur aa with great zeal and loving respect.Huzur aa laid the foundation stone for various buildings, inaugurated or inspected many mosques, mission houses, schools and hospitals.He also met with the leaders of those countries and numerous dignitaries from various sectors, who welcomed Huzur aa and commended the services of the Jama’at in the fields of agriculture, education and healthcare.We give below a few salient features of some of these visits: In Ghana (March 13-24, 2004), Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aa addressed 46,000 Ahmadi Muslims attending the Jalsa Salana held on March 18-19.In Burkina Faso (March 25-April 4), Huzur aa addressed 13,000 Ahmadi Muslims attending the Jalsa Salana held on March 26-27.In Benin (April 4 - 11), Huzur aa delivered the Friday Sermon and visited the Abdul Salam International Center (Benin) for Theoretical Physics.In Nigeria (April 11 - 13, 2004), Huzur aa addressed 30,000 Muslims attending the Jalsa Salana.Visit to Ghana, Burkina Faso, Benin and Nigeria (March 13 - April 13, 2004) Establishment of Jamia Ahmadiyya Canada and Jamia Ahmadiyya U.K.Spiritual Preparation for the Khilafat Jubilee- (May 27, 2005) Visits Abroad

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287 287 287 287 287 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIFA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H V V V V V Huzur aa reached Toronto, Canada on June 21, 2004 where more than 10,000 Ahmadi Muslims had gathered on the premises of the Baitul Islam Mosque to welcome their beloved Imam with great zeal and loving respect.The Mayor of the City of Vaughan presented to Huzur aa the Key of the City.On June 25, Huzur aa delivered the Friday Sermon to more than 10,000 Ahmadi Muslims, and the Sermon was broadcast LIVE on MTA.Huzur aa addressed various sessions of the Jalsa Salana Canada that took place from July 2 - 4, 2004, and MTA broadcast those addresses also LIVE.In Kenya (April 26- May 8, 2005), Huzur aa addressed 7,200 Ahmadi Muslims attending the 40th Jalsa Salana held on April 28-29, and he delivered the Friday Sermon.MTA broadcast LIVE these events, a historic first the Kenya Jama’at.In Tanzania (May 8 -May 17), Huzur aa addressed the Jalsa Salana and delivered Friday sermon on May 13, also shown live on MTA.In Uganda (May 17-25, 2005), Huzur aa addressed the Jalsa Salana and delivered Friday sermon on May 20, shown live on MTA, also a historic first for Uganda Jama’at.Huzur aa arrived in Vancouver on June 4, 2005 where on June 11, he laid the foundation stone of the first Ahmadiyya Mosque of British Columbia.Then, Huzur aa visited Calgary, where on June 18, he laid the foundation stone of the first Ahmadiyya Mosque (Bait-un Noor) of Alberta and the largest mosque in North America.On June 19, Huzur aa visited the site for a mosque in Saskatoon and then on June 21, flew to Toronto, where on June 24-26, Huzur aa addressed 17,000 Ahmadi Muslims attending the Jalsa Salana Canada.On July 2, Huzur aa laid the foundation stone of Baitul Hamd Mosque in Brampton.In Mauritius (Nov.28-Dec.10, 2005), Huzur aa addressed the Jalsa Salana and delivered the Friday Sermon on December 2.Huzur aa ’s addresses at the Jalsa were broadcast LIVE on MTA International.After meeting local Jama`ats, Huzur aa flew to India on December 10, 2005.Huzur aa arrived in New Delhi, on December 11, 2005 and after meeting local Jama`ats, started his historic visit to Qadian on December 15, where thousands of Ahmadi Muslims gave a grand and loving welcome to their beloved Imam.Huzur aa addressed the historic 114th Jalsa Salana (December 26-28, 2005), Qadian shown live on MTA.On January 11, Huzur aa delivered the historic Eidul Adhaa Sermon in Masjid Aqsaa, the first-ever Eid Sermon delivered by Khalifatul Masih and shown LIVE on MTA.Huzur aa referred to First Visit to Canada (June 21 - July 5, 2004) Second Visit to Canada (June 4 - July 7, 2005) Visit to Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda (April 26 - May 25, 2005) Visit to Mauritius (November 28 - Dec.10, 2005) Visit to India, and Historic Jalsa Salana Qadian (Dec.11 2005 - Jan.17, 2006)

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288 288 288 288 288 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — K — K — K — K — K HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIFA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H V V V V V 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 the divine coincidence that in the same mosque, on January 11, 1900, the Promised Messiah as delivered the Revealed Sermon (Khutba Ilhaamiyya) of Eidul Adhaa.Huzur aa flew back to the U.K on January 17, 2006.Huzur aa visited Singapore (April 5-10, 2006) and met members of the Singapore Jama`at and guests from the Indonesian Jama’ats.In Australia, (April 11-25), Huzur aa , addressed the 22nd Jalsa Salana, which was the first Jalsa Salana attended by Khalifatul Masih and broadcast LIVE on MTA.In Fiji (April 25-May 4), Huzur aa addressed the Jalsa Salana and delivered the historic Friday Sermon on April 28, shown live on MTA as well as on Fiji National television.In New Zealand (May 4-8, 2006), Huzur aa delivered the Friday Sermon and addressed the Jalsa Salana.In Japan (May 8- 15, 2006), Huzur aa delivered the Friday Sermon and addressed the Jalsa Salana.In the 41 st Jalsa Salana, U.K., held on August 26-28, 2007, Huzur aa presented the grand achievements of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama`at.By the grace of Allah, during 1984-2007, the Jama`at established itself in 98 countries.Thus , the total number of countries where the Jama`at is established rose to 189.In the year 2007, 299 new mosques and 186 new mission houses were established.In addition, the translation of the Holy Qur’an was published in four new languages.In accordance with the instructions of Huzur aa , the first day (Jan.1st) of the Jubilee Year 2008 started with congregational Tahajjud Prayer in Jama`at Centers world-wide.Hundereds of thousands of Ahmadis took part and prayed humbly to Allah for safeguarding Khilaft-e-Ahmadiyya.Later on, a number of special events took place marking the Centenary Khilafat Jubilee celebrations as given below: On March 29, 2008, Huzur aa addressed the Khilafat Centennial Peace Conference held in Baitul Futuh Mosque, London, U.K.More than 1,000 dignitaries including parliament members, mayors and media corresspondents participated in this event.In his faith-inspiring address, Huzur aa emphasized that Islam advocates peace, and the Promised Messiah as promoted the message of peace, which continues to spread through Khilafat-e Ahmadiyya.Khilafat Centennial Peace Conference March 29, 2008 Visit to Singapore, Austrialia, Fiji, New Zealand and Japan (April 5, 2006 - May 15, 2006) Centenary Khilafat Jubilee Celebrations- 2008 U.K.Jalsa Salana (August 26-28, 2007)

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289 289 289 289 289 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H E S S I A H AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S U C C E S S O R S — K — K — K — K — K HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIFA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H V V V V V Visits to Ghana, Benin and Nigeria (April 15-May 6, 2008) As part of Jubillee celebrations, Huzur aa started his world-wide tour by visiting West-African countries.During his visits, the amazing scenes of thousands of Ahmadis welcoming their beloved Imam with heart felt-love and great devotion to Khilafat.were apparent.In Ghana (April 15-22, 2008), Huzur aa met the President of Ghana and addressed more than 100,000 Ahmadis, attending the first historic Khilafat Centenary Jalsa Salana.The opening session of the Jalsa was also addressed by the President of Ghana who expressed his appreciation for Jama`at’s great contribution to the develpoment of his country.In addition, Huzur aa inaugurated two mosques, visited two schools and Jamia Ahmadiyya, Ghana.On April 22, 2008, Huzur aa arrived in Nigeria for a few days and then proceeded to Benin.on April 24.There Huzur met the President of Benin and addressed the Khilafat Centenary Jalsa Salana Benin.Huzur aa also inaugurated the new Al-Mahdi Mosque with Friday sermon on April 25.Huzur aa returned to Nigeria on April 26, 2008, where he inaugurated two new mosques and addressed the Khilafat Centenary (58th) Jalsa Salana Nigeria.Huzur aa returned to U.K on May 6, 2008.As part of the Khilafat Centenary celebrations, Huzur aa plans to continue his world-wide tour with visits to USA, Canada and many other countries.In Canada, Huzur plans to address the Khilafat Centenary (32nd) Jalsa Salana on June 27-29, 2008, and inaugurate (July 4, 2008) the Bait-un Noor Mosque, Calgary - the largest mosque in North America.On May 27, 2008, the Centenary of Khilafat-e-Ahmadiyya was marked by grand events world-wide to expresss thankfulness to Allah for the completion of 100 years of Khilafat.The day started with congregational Tahajjud Prayer in Jama`at Centers world-wide followed by special programs attended by hundereds of thousands of Ahmadis.In the UK, 15,000 Ahmadi Muslims gathered at the Excel Center in East London to listen to the faith- inspiring address of Hadrat Khalifatul Masih V aa.This historic address was shown LIVE world-wide through MTA from London, England, with simultaneous 2-way communications from Rabwah, Pakistan and Qadian, India.In his address, Huzur aa took a historic pledge from the members of Jama`at world-wide, affirming to spread Islam and Ahmadiyyat to the corners of the earth, to safeguard the institution of Khilafat, and to ensure that the upcoming generations continue to remain attached to Khilafat (see pg.290).Planned Visits to USA, Canada and Other Countries Centenary Khilafat Jubilee Day (May 27, 2008)

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290 290 290 290 290 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION P P P P P ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED ROMISED M M M M M ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH ESSIAH AS AS AS AS AS A N D A N D A N D A N D A N D S S S S S UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS UCCESSORS — K — K — K — K — K HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIF HALIFA A A A AT U L T U L T U L T U L T U L M M M M M A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H A S I H V V V V V 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 Among a number of prophecies of the Promised Messiah as which attribute special spiritual status to Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih- V aa and great importance to his Khilafat, there are two propheciesis in Urdu and Arabic revealed in December, 1907: “Main tairay saath aur tairay piyaaron kay saath hun”.(I am with you and your entire dear ones) “Innee ma`aka yaa Masroor” (I am with you O Masroor) Let us pray that may Allah bless our beloved Imam, Hadrat, Khalifatul Masih V aa , with a long and healthy life and that we may witness the final victory of Islam during his Khilafat.Aameen! Significance of Khilafat-e Khamisa- (Fifth Khilafat) Historic Pledge taken by Hadrat Khalifatul Masih V aa on the Occasion of the Centenary Khilafat Jubilee Day (Excel Center, London, UK, on May 27, 2008) ‘ Ash-hadu `an laa ‘illaaha `illallahu wahdahoo laa shareeka lahoo wa ash-hadu `anna Muhammadan `abduhoo wa rasooluh.Today, upon the completion of one hundred years of Khilafat, we take an oath in the name of Allah, the Almighty, and make this firm pledge that in order to spread the message of Islam and Ahmadiyyat and the name of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa to the corners of the earth, we will continue to strive till our last breath, and for the fulfilment of this sacred duty, we will always keep our lives dedicated for the sake of Allah and his Prophet sa , and we will continue to offer every sacrifice, no matter how great, to keep the flag of Islam flying high in every country of the world.We also affirm that we will continue to strive to safeguard and strengthen the institution of Khilafat till our last breath, and we will continue urging our children and future generations to remain bonded to Khilafat in order to benefit from its blessings, so that Khilafat-e-Ahmadiyya is kept safeguarded till the last Day of Judgment, and so that through Ahmadiyyat, the spreading of Islam continues, and the flag of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa may fly higher than all the flags of the world.O God, grant us the ability to fulfil this pledge.Allahumma Aameen, Allahumma Aameen, Allahumma Aameen! ’ (Translated from Urdu, Alislam.org)

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291 291 291 291 291 8 8 8 8 8 A A A A A L L L L L -Q -Q -Q -Q -Q ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION  P P P P Part 8 art 8 art 8 art 8 art 8 Al- Qaseedah By: Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, The Promised Messiah as Urdu Translation by: Maulana Abdul Mannan Shahid English Translation by: Dr.Saleemur Rahman 291 291 291 291 291 In Praise of the Holy Prophet sa - Khatamun Nabiyyeen (the Seal of the Prophets)

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292 292 292 292 292 A A A A A L L L L L -Q -Q -Q -Q -Q ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH 8 8 8 8 8 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Al- Qaseedah In praise of the Holy Prophet sa - Khatamun Nabiyyeen (the Seal of the Prophets) This poem was first published by the au- thor, the Promised Messiah as , in his book ‘A’ina Kamalat-e-Islam’ in 1893.Hadrat Pir Sirajul Haque ra narrates that: When the Promised Messiah as completed writing this poem, his face lit up with joy and he said: ‘Allah has told me that this poem has found acceptance by Al- lah.He will bestow His love and the love of the Prophet Muhammad sa and will grant His nearness to anyone who commits this poem to memory and recites it constantly.’ Hadrat Dr.Khalifa Rashiduddin ra narrates that: ‘The Promised Messiah as used to advise regarding the Qaseedah that whosoever memorized this Qaseedah, his memory would be blessed (enhanced) by Allah.’

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293 293 293 293 293 8 8 8 8 8 A A A A A L L L L L -Q -Q -Q -Q -Q ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION O (you who are) the Sun of the (spiritual) Kingdom of Beauty and Grace ! A (group of) people (was fortunate that they) saw you, while others simply heard about you: The (enchantingly beautiful) Full Moon which has cast a spell over me.O (you who are) the Fountain of Allah’s munificence, and perfect understanding of Allah, You have (spiritually) illuminated (the in- habitants of) the deserts as well as the cit- ies.People rush towards you, thirstily.O (you who are) the Ocean of God’s grace --- Who is the Bestower of Favours, exceed- ingly Beneficent, Hordes of (thirsty) people hurry towards you holding their bowls (in hand).1 2 3 4

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294 294 294 294 294 A A A A A L L L L L -Q -Q -Q -Q -Q ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH 8 8 8 8 8 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Inspired by (your) love (O Holy Prophet), people tearfully recall your beauty, And their aching hearts are afire, due to being distant from you.I see that (their) hearts (are beating) in (such) anxiety (as if they) have reached their throats, O you whose Divine Light and luminescence has rendered him like The twin luminaries --- the Sun and the Moon --- lighting up day as well as night.O our Full Moon, O Sign of the Gracious God ! O (you who are) the Greatest (spiritual) Guide, the Bravest among the brave.And I see that (their grieving) eyes shed tears.5 6 7 8

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295 295 295 295 295 8 8 8 8 8 A A A A A L L L L L -Q -Q -Q -Q -Q ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION I certainly see such glory in your sparkling face, Which transcends all (known) human at- tributes.They effaced even the memory of whatever reminded (them) of their homelands.Indeed, they preferred you (O Holy Prophet) over everyone else, and gave up their (cherished) friends The wise, no doubt, selected you (to sub- mit themselves) and it was due to their true sincerity that And they distanced themselves from their circle of fraternity.No doubt, they abandoned their wordly desires and their self-indulgence And they became averse to all transitory material wealth.9 10 11 12

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296 296 296 296 296 A A A A A L L L L L -Q -Q -Q -Q -Q ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH 8 8 8 8 8 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The clear arguments (and signs) from their (Holy) Prophet became manifest for them So, the idols of their selfish desires were (completely) smashed.They became (spiritually) lit up (by the Sun of Truth) at the time of darkness (of sin and vices) No doubt, they were crushed by the persecution and tyranny of their opponents The mean-spirited people robbed their valuables, and ravaged their homes But (due to the spiritual wealth they ac- quired) their faces glowed from the (spar- kling) pearls of the Holy Qur'an.And Allah (due to His grace) delivered them safely from this flood (of sin and vices).Nevertheless, they endured steadfastly by the grace of the Gracious God.13 14 15 16

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297 297 297 297 297 8 8 8 8 8 A A A A A L L L L L -Q -Q -Q -Q -Q ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION They cleansed their hearts thoroughly (of all sins) and eagerly advanced To benefit from (the wealth of) firm-belief and faith.They marched on, in their battles, follow- ing the advancing stride of the Holy Prophet sa (And threw themselves) in the battlefield, like those (who are) driven, and inspired, by love.So, the blood of these (brave) men, who were true and sincere in their love (and devotion) Was spilled under the swords (of their en- emies) as if (they were just) objects of sac- rifice.They came to you (O Holy Prophet sa ) while they were robbed and deprived, like those (who are spiritually) bare.So you covered them with the drapes of faith.17 18 19 20

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298 298 298 298 298 A A A A A L L L L L -Q -Q -Q -Q -Q ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH 8 8 8 8 8 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION But (due to your spiritual power) you trans- formed them into an ingot of pure gold.After (a long spell of) barrenness, drought and devastation.(Due to the blessings of the Holy Prophet) the towns of Arabia once again became verdent green In which rivulets of delectable water ran, and branches (of trees) were laden with fruit.You found them to be a group of people who (because of their sins) were despica- ble like dung.----Until the dry and parched desert (coun- try of Arabia) became a (lush-green, spir- itual) garden But (the spiritual power of) the Holy Prophet caused them to become lost in (the love of) the Gracious God.People of Hijaz (Arabia) were preoccupied with flirting with pretty women.21 22 23 24

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299 299 299 299 299 8 8 8 8 8 A A A A A L L L L L -Q -Q -Q -Q -Q ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION There were many drinkers who used to guz- zle barrels full of liquor But (O Holy Prophet sa ) you made them drunk in (the love of the Islamic) faith.Savouring (intoxicating) drinks, and (pur- suing) a lot of women.The Arab nation was blindly obsessed with two things As for women, their marriage was declared unlawful To those men whose forbidden status is (described) in the Holy Qur'an.And (by instituting the rule of prohibition of drinking) you devastated their drinking- bars And caused the closure of liquor-stores in their towns.25 26 27 28

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300 300 300 300 300 A A A A A L L L L L -Q -Q -Q -Q -Q ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH 8 8 8 8 8 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Many innovators (of vices) would (rather) converse with their lutes But surely you (O Holy Prophet sa , by your spiritual power) caused them to converse with Rahman (the Gracious God).There were many who were driven by their love for fragrant beautiful women But you (O Holy Prophet sa ) attracted them (fully) towards Al-Furqan (the Holy Qur'an).(O Holy Prophet) You brought to life, with a single glimpse, those who lay (spiritually) dead for centuries.Who can compare with you in this glorious achievement? (Following your instructions) they gave up their (habit of) evening-drink and, in ex- change for its drinking pleasure, They adopted the (practice of deriving) pleasure from prayers in the nights of grief.29 30 31 32

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301 301 301 301 301 8 8 8 8 8 A A A A A L L L L L -Q -Q -Q -Q -Q ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION They were devoted to (playing) two-string musical instruments and (producing) plain- tive notes from them They would either flirt with women or in- dulge in heavy drinking.They had no worries (in life) except being preoccupied with (the thoughts of) pretty female singers.Indeed they had a slavish attachment to it (as a pursuit).Their parties were always marked by sing- ing to the accompaniment of music.They either indulged in drinking, or kept dreaming of goblets.They were very fond of creating disorder due to their ignorance (and foolishness) And were (quite pleased) with (their) life (that was spent) in filth and squalor.33 34 35 36

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302 302 302 302 302 A A A A A L L L L L -Q -Q -Q -Q -Q ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH 8 8 8 8 8 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The (Arab nation was marked by) two (main) shortcomings which symbolized their ignorance: (O Holy Prophet) you were sent by God -- the Gracious, the Benefactor At (a time when the prevalence of sin was causing) great disorder and (its severity was like) a flood.O (handsome) young man! How can (the elegance of) your beauty and (its refined) grace be (fully) described? (You are) the one whose fragrance capti- vates the heart like (the scent of) a fragrant plant.Then, O Sun of Guidance (The Holy Prophet), you rose (on the horizon) for their benefit, So that you may illuminate them (with the divine-light emanating) from your glowing face.(One was) the stupidity (and stubbornness) of a donkey, and (the other was) the fierce attack (like that) of a (charging) wolf.37 38 39 40

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303 303 303 303 303 8 8 8 8 8 A A A A A L L L L L -Q -Q -Q -Q -Q ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION The presence of (Allah) the Protector, is reflected in the (blessed) face (of the Holy Prophet) So, it is for this (reason) that he is loved (so much) and his (spiritual grace and) beauty deserves.He has great moral qualities (and he) is of noble conduct, bountiful, and a friend of (those who are) God-fearing.And his entire manner (and moral conduct) sparkles with the same (characteristic) magnificence.That he (alone) should be adored (with all our devotion), excluding the group of all (other) friends.He is (exceedingly) generous, and he has surpassed the (whole) contingent of (chari- table) young men.(The Holy Prophet of Islam) possesses superiority (over all creation) due to his (spiritual) excellence, his (elegance and) grace And his majesty, and his ever-fresh (and spiritually refreshing) heart (and soul).41 42 43 44

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304 304 304 304 304 A A A A A L L L L L -Q -Q -Q -Q -Q ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH 8 8 8 8 8 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION He is the essence (and vital force) of the elect of God.No doubt, it is Muhammad sa who is the best of all creation; He is the pride of every purified and holy person; And (also) the (spiritual) bounties for all times have reached their climax in him (and Allah will now grant these only to those who truly follow Him).All (noble) qualities (pertaining to) every kind of superiority, have reached perfection in him; By God! (the Holy Prophet) Muhammad sa is certainly like the Prime Minister (in his spiritual relation to Almighty God) And it is through him (alone) that there can be access (for anyone) to the threshold of the King (Almighty God).And the spiritual troops (of Allah, also cherish him and) take pride in him.45 46 47 48

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305 305 305 305 305 8 8 8 8 8 A A A A A L L L L L -Q -Q -Q -Q -Q ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION And (remember that) excellence (of spiritual rank) is because of virtues, not because of priority in time.He is preferred over everyone who is front- ranking and has (achieved) nearness (to Allah).(Just like) a drizzle comes before a torren- tial rain, But a drizzle is (nothing more than just) a drizzle; it is (certainly) not comparable to a torrential rain.(In fact) he shoots (his arrows) right on tar- get, and (he) is the destroyer of Satan.(In the form) of bunches have been made closer to my heart.He is (like) a (splendid spiritual) garden, and I clearly see that its fruits (The Holy Prophet sa is) the unique cham- pion ( --- a skilled archer --- ) whose arrows never miss (the target).49 50 51 52

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306 306 306 306 306 A A A A A L L L L L -Q -Q -Q -Q -Q ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH 8 8 8 8 8 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION And I saw him sparkle like a pearl.No doubt, (Hazrat) Eesa died a quiet (nor- mal) death, but our Prophet (Hazrat Muhammad) Is (spiritually) alive, and by God he has met me (in a vision)! I swear by Allah, that I indeed witnessed the beauty (of the Holy Prophet) (Because I saw him) with my own eyes while he was seated in my house.Then it is your responsibility to prove (that he is still alive) with (a conclusive) arguement.I found (him to be) the ocean of truths and guidance, Hark! If you think that (Hazrat) Eesa is (still) alive, 53 54 55 56

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307 307 307 307 307 8 8 8 8 8 A A A A A L L L L L -Q -Q -Q -Q -Q ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION (Despite that) do you turn away (in disre- gard) from the guidance (given to you) by the Gracious God? And I have surely benefitted from the fruits of meeting with him.Or, has anyone informed you (about see- ing Hazrat Maseeh) while awake? In fact (it is true that Hazrat) Eesa did die like a mortal human being.Have you (ever) met (Hazrat) Maseeh (Hazrat Eesa) while you were awake? Read the Holy Quran (carefully, and see for yourself) how (clearly) it states (the fact of Hazrat Maseeh's death).You must realize that a (never-ending) life can certainly not be proven (for any human being), But our Prophet (Hazrat Muhammad) is (spiritually) alive and, of course, I stand witness (to it) 57 58 59 60

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308 308 308 308 308 A A A A A L L L L L -Q -Q -Q -Q -Q ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH 8 8 8 8 8 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Later on, the Holy Prophet sa (graced me with the opportunity, when he) met me while I was awake.In this life, as well in the Next Life.O (Holy Prophet), my Spiritual Master! I have surely come to your door, complain- ing That your followers have hurt me (deeply) by declaring me a disbeliever.I had (earlier) seen his (blessed) face in my adolescence; Bravo! What a miracle! How (perfectly) he brought me to (spiritual) life! Indeed I have come to life due to his life- giving (touch).O my Lord! Shower Your eternal blessings on Your Prophet --- 61 62 63 64

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309 309 309 309 309 8 8 8 8 8 A A A A A L L L L L -Q -Q -Q -Q -Q ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA ASEEDA B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION And (the strength of) your resolve crushes the head of a serpent (i.e., you were a man of great determination).You rank the highest, and are the (bravest) leader of the brave.Please glance towards my (humble) self, with mercy and kindness, O my (spiritual) Master! I am the lowliest one among your (humble) servants.O my beloved! Your love has certainly pen- etrated, My soul, my mind, and my heart.(O Holy Prophet) your arrows pierce through the heart of every (rival) warrior, May Allah bless you, O Leader of the World! 65 66 67 68

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310 310 310 310 310 A A A A A L L L L L -Q -Q -Q -Q -Q ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH ASEEDAH 8 8 8 8 8 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION O my Garden of Spiritual Delights! (I am ever so absorbed in your fond thoughts and) from the remembrance of your (blessed) face, My body is craving to fly towards you due to (my) enormous longing for you (O Holy Prophet)! I wish I (actually) had the (capacity and) power to fly! I am not free, even for a moment or split- second.69 70

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311 311 311 311 311 311 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION P P P P Part 9 art 9 art 9 art 9 art 9 Gener Gener Gener Gener General R al R al R al R al Religious eligious eligious eligious eligious Kno Kno Kno Kno Knowledg wledg wledg wledg wledge e e e e (Questions / Answers) 1: Islam 2: Six Articles of Eeman 3: Five Pillars of Islam 4: Ahmadiyyat — Revival of Islam 5: Guidelines for Parents of Waqfeen-e-Nau Adapted from the book Islam: My Religion  By: B.A.Rafiq ex Imam, Fadl Mosque, London, UK 311 311 311 311 311

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312 312 312 312 312 312 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION G G G G G E N E R A L E N E R A L E N E R A L E N E R A L E N E R A L R R R R R E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S K K K K K N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E Jihad with the Pen The Promised Messiah as says: ‘Once the Holy Prophet sa , had to offer all the five prayers together.Now it is the Jihad with the Pen (instead of the sword) that has to be waged.That is why this is now the time that the people should be courageous and sacrifice their time and wealth.You should know it well that this is not the time to go to the battlefield for religious purposes.The battles that were fought during the life time of the Holy Prophet sa , were not meant to convert the non- believers to Islam by force; these battles were fought by the Muslims to defend themselves.When the Muslims were inhumanly tortured and turned out of Mecca and many Muslims had become martyrs, it was then that God commanded them to fight back; this definitely was a defensive measure.Now the times have changed.There is peace every where; it is with the Pen that Islam is being attacked.That is why it is necessary that Pen should be used to rebut the attacks.God the Almighty says in the Holy Quran that you should make preparation to defend yourselves with the same kind of weapons as the opponents happen to use.Think of the preparations that the opponents of Islam are now making.They are not lining up armies.They are publishing magazines and books.We also should, therefore, pick up our pen and answer their attacks with magazines and books.It can never be that the prescription (treatment) and the sickness be at odds.If the treatment does not conform with the sickness, the consequence is bound to be useless and harmful.’....(Malfoozat vol.8, p.20)

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313 313 313 313 313 313 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Islam Islam Islam Islam Islam What does the word Islam mean? Islam is an Arabic word which literally means obedience and peace.So ‘Islam’ would mean the path of those who are obedient to Allah and who establish peace with Him and His creatures.What is a follower of the religion of Islam called? He or she is called a Muslim.Who gave the name of Islam to our religion? Allah gave the name of Islam to our religion.Will you please quote the verse of the Holy Qur’an where the name of Islam has been given to our religion? Yes.In chapter 5, verse 4, Allah named our religion as Islam: “...and (I) have chosen for you Islam as religion.” What are the main qualities of Islam? Islam is a perfect religion.Its teachings are simple and can be easily practised by everyone.It gives reason for each of its commandments and teachings.The Holy Qur’an, which is the religious scripture of the Muslims, is the word of Allah.This book is exactly the same as it was revealed to the Holy Prophet saw.Allah has promised to safeguard it.Islam 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 G G G G G ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL R R R R R ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS K K K K K NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE — I — I — I — I — I SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM

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314 314 314 314 314 314 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION What is Eeman ? Eeman means belief or faith.One who believes is, therefore, a Mu’min.What are the main Articles of Faith ( Eeman ) in Islam? The following are the main Articles of Faith in Islam (see Part 1.2): 1.To believe in Allah (One God) 2.To believe in all His Angels.3.To believe in all His Books.4.To believe in all His Prophets.5.To believe in the Day of Resurrection.6.To believe in the Decree of Allah Who is the Creator of all the worlds? Allah created everything.Tell me more about Allah.♦ Allah is One and Almighty.He alone is worthy of worship.He has no partners.He begets not nor is He begotten.He is eternal.♦ He listens to our prayers and accepts them.He gives life and causes death.He created us in the best form.He has neither wife nor children.He is perfect.♦ He loves us all and shows mercy to us.He has knowledge of everything.He sends His guidance to us through His Prophets.♦ He is Master of the Day of Judgment.No sleep or slumber ever overtakes Him.He has neither beginning nor end.He is All-Knowing, All-Seeing and Just.Six Six Six Six Six Ar Ar Ar Ar Artic tic tic tic ticles of les of les of les of les of Eeman Eeman Eeman Eeman Eeman Eeman Allah G G G G G ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL R R R R R ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS K K K K K NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE — A — A — A — A — A RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES O F O F O F O F O F F F F F F AITH AITH AITH AITH AITH 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2

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315 315 315 315 315 315 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION What are principle attributes of Allah? There are four principle attributes of Allah mentioned in Surah Al-Fatihah , the first chapter of the Holy Qur’an., namely: ♦ Rabbul `Aalameen ♦ Ar-Rahmaan ♦ Ar-Raheem ♦ Maalik-i-yaumideen What are the meanings of these attributes? ♦ Rabbul `Aalameen means ‘Lord of all the worlds’.♦ Ar-Rahmaan means ‘the Gracious’.♦ Ar-Raheem means ‘the Merciful’ ♦ Maalik-i-yaumiddeen means ‘Master of the Day of Judgement’ How can we establish relationship with Him? By obeying Him and praying constantly to Him.Does Allah speak to people? Yes, He responds to our prayers.Those who obey Him and do good are favoured with answer to their prayers.In what language should one pray to Him? One can pray to Him in any language one likes.He knows all languages.He is the creator of all languages.Where is Allah? Allah is everywhere.He sees us at all times but we cannot see Him with our physical eyes.9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 G G G G G ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL R R R R R ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS K K K K K NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE — A — A — A — A — A RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES O F O F O F O F O F F F F F F A I T H A I T H A I T H A I T H A I T H

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316 316 316 316 316 316 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION What are Angels? Angels have been created by Allah.They are spiritual beings.They obey the commands of Allah.They are numerous and have been assigned various duties by Allah.They are also sent by Allah to help His prophets and followers.Name some of the most important angels of Allah.There are four most important angels of Allah namely Jibra’eel, Mika’eel, Israfeel and Izra’eel.Do we worship angels? No, not at all.We only worship Allah and none else whosoever.What is the name of the angel who brought Allah’s revelation to the Holy Prophet saw ? Hadrat Jibra’eel.What do you mean by the books of Allah? Allah sends His guidance to mankind from time to time.This guidance is conveyed to mankind through Prophets of Allah.It contains Laws for our day to day life.These laws and rules are called the Book of Allah.We must believe in all the books of Allah.What are the well known books? The major books are the following:- The Holy Qur’an is the last and perfect Book.It was revealed to the Holy Prophet Muhammad saw.It took nearly 23 years for the revelation to complete.It came in small portions as Allah wished.The Torah was given to the Prophet Musa as , Moses The Psalms or Zaboor was given to Prophet Dawood as , David The New Testament or Injeel was given to Prophet `Eesa as , Jesus.The Suhf was given to Prophet Ibraheem as , Abraham The Books of Allah G G G G G ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL R R R R R ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS K K K K K NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE — A — A — A — A — A RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES O F O F O F O F O F F F F F F AITH AITH AITH AITH AITH 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 The Angels of Allah

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317 317 317 317 317 317 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION What are the main features of the Holy Qur’an ? The Holy Qur’an is a book of guidance for us all.Every word of the Qur’an is the word of Allah.The Qur’an has been preserved in its original form as was promised by Allah in the Qur’an itself (15:10).It was preserved by the Holy Prophet Muhammad saw and his companions (peace be on them all) by committing it to memory.There have always been hundreds of people in all ages who have learnt the whole of the Holy Qur’an by heart.This practice still continues.The Qur’an is in the Arabic Language.The style and language of the Qur’an are excellent.The Qur’an has been translated into many languages including English.It contains many prophecies about the future of mankind and is also a complete code of conduct for us.Those who follow the Holy Qur’an become the most successful people in life.We should read and ponder over the meaning of the Qur’an more often so that we could achieve success in life.The Qur’an has 114 chapters and is also divided into thirty equal parts.Will there be other books after the Qur’an canceling some or all of its teachings? Not at all.The Qur’an is a perfect and most complete Book.There is no need for mankind to look forward to anything else because the Qur’an gives guidance in all aspects of life.The Qur’an is a living book and will remain so for ever.What other Revealed books exist today in their original forms? None.All the other revealed books have been changed partly by their followers and are not the original ones.Some of them have not even been preserved in their original languages, such as the New Testament.We only have belief in the fact that these books originally contained the message of Allah but their present day versions are open to criticism.Who is a Prophet? In Arabic there are two words used for a Prophet.Rasool means ‘one who is sent’ or ‘messenger’, and Nabi means ‘one who receives and conveys Divine Commands’.Both these words are used for a person who is chosen by Allah for the reformation and guidance of mankind.9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 G G G G G ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL R R R R R ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS K K K K K NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE — A — A — A — A — A RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES O F O F O F O F O F F F F F F A I T H A I T H A I T H A I T H A I T H The Prophets of Allah

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318 318 318 318 318 318 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Mention some of the qualities of a Prophet.The Prophets of Allah are chosen from among human beings.They set the best examples of moral and spiritual conduct.They lead mankind to Allah by conveying to them the Divine revelation and also by their own example of purity and righteousness.They are the most truthful of men.Their hearts are full of love of Allah and His creatures.All of them proclaim the Oneness of Allah and ask people to submit to Him completely.Who is the chief of the Prophets? Hadrat Muhammad sa is the chief of the Prophets.He is Khaataman-Nabiyyeen i.e.the Seal of the Prophets.He brought perfect guidance for us from Allah.He came as a blessing for mankind.He is an excellent Exemplar.He showed mercy not only to human beings but also to animals.Name some of the other Prophets of Allah.Hadrat Adam, Hadrat Ibraheem (Abraham), Hadrat Nooh (Noah) Hadrat Musa (Moses), Hadrat Dawood (David), Hadrat Suleimaan (Solomon), Hadrat `Eesa (Jesus), Hadrat Ahmad (may peace of Allah be on them all).When was the Holy Prophet sa born and when did he die? He was born on 20 th April, 570 A.D.at Mecca in Arabia, and died at the age of 63 at Medina.He is buried at Medina.Tell me more about the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa The Prophet Muhammad sa was left an orphan, and was brought up by his grandfather Abdul Muttalib, and later, by his uncle Abu Talib.Abdullah is his father’s name and Amina is the name of his mother.His mother died when he was only six years of age.The Prophet Muhammad sa was twenty five when he married Khadijah, who was forty.She bore him several children.The Prophet Muhammad sa used to retire for meditation to the cave of Hira which is a few miles from Mecca.At the age of forty, he received revelation from Allah that he had been appointed a Prophet whose duty it was to reform mankind.He started his divine mission but was opposed by all except a few.They even tortured him and killed some of his followers.They laughed at him and ridiculed him when he spoke to them about his sacred mission.Even his own G G G G G ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL R R R R R ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS K K K K K NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE — A — A — A — A — A RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES O F O F O F O F O F F F F F F AITH AITH AITH AITH AITH 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 The Holy Prophet sa

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319 319 319 319 319 319 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION relatives turned against him.He continued his work under these circumstances until such a time as Allah ordered him and his followers to leave Mecca and migrate to Medina.The Meccans were so opposed to him that they would not even let him leave the town.He, along with his dear friend and follower, Abu Bakr ra , decided to leave Mecca.One night they left Mecca in the dark and took refuge in a cave called Thaur for nearly three days.During this time the Meccans left no stone unturned to trace him but to no avail.After three days he and Abu Bakr ra started on their journey to Medina.This is called the Hijra or the migration.He was welcomed warmly by the people of Medina.Soon after settling down in Medina the news started coming in that the Meccans had started raising an army to attack Medina and to destroy Islam and its Founder.The Holy Prophet sa and his followers were worried when they heard this news but had full faith in Allah about their safety.The first battle that was fought by the Holy Prophet sa and his followers is called the Battle of Badr as it was fought near a well of that name.The Prophet had 313 followers against the Meccans who were more than 1,000 in number.They were well equipped whereas the Prophet sa and his followers had little weapons and food.The non-believers were defeated at the hands of the Muslims and were routed.After this battle he had to fight several other battles in self- defense till he eventually entered Mecca as a conqueror in 630 A.D.and the hostilities ceased for the time being.The Holy Prophet sa died at Medina at the age of 63 and was buried there.The Prophet Muhammad sa is an excellent exemplar for us all.Allah wanted to make him a model for us all so He made him pass through various stages of human life.He showed kindness to his wives, mercy to his enemies and laid down standards of equality for men to follow.He commanded armies and was an excellent General.He was obedient to his elders and kind to the young.Has the advent of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa been mentioned in other scriptures? Yes.Prophet Moses as told the Israelites that God had told him of the advent of the Holy Prophet in the following words: I will raise them up a prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee, and will put My words in his mouth, and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command him.(Deuteronomy 18:18) This was a prophecy about the Holy Prophet sa made in about 1451 B.C by the prophet Moses.9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 G G G G G ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL R R R R R ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS K K K K K NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE — A — A — A — A — A RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES O F O F O F O F O F F F F F F A I T H A I T H A I T H A I T H A I T H

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320 320 320 320 320 320 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Where can we read the events of the life of the Holy Prophet sa ? In the Holy Qur’an where major events of his life have been mentioned by Allah himself and from the Books of Hadith which consist of his sayings and doings.There are six major books of Hadith — Bukhari, Muslim, Tirmidhi, Ibn Maja, Nasa’ee, and Abu Dawood.What do you know about the Day of Resurrection and Judgment? On the day of resurrection we will be raised again by Allah and will be given a new life.He will then judge us according to our deeds on earth.Those who have been doing good deeds and have been obedient to Allah and His Prophets would be awarded the everlasting life of happiness and peace in Paradise or Heaven.Others who have been rebellious to Allah and His prophets and had spent their lives in evil would be punished in Hell.How long will a person remain in Heaven or Hell? Paradise is ever lasting.Hell is like a hospital where patients are kept for a limited time to be cured of their spiritual ailments.They would be transferred to Heaven after having been cured of their spiritual diseases.Hell is thus for a limited period of time.What is sin? Any action done deliberately against the command of Allah is a sin.Is man sinful by nature? No.Every child is born quite sinless in this world.It is only when he consciously and deliberately breaks the law of Allah that he can be called a sinner.Do the Prophets of Allah commit sin? No.Never.They are all sinless.They are the most obedient of men to Allah.They are the best examples for mankind and as such they do not break the laws which they bring for mankind.G G G G G ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL R R R R R ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS K K K K K NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE — A — A — A — A — A RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES O F O F O F O F O F F F F F F AITH AITH AITH AITH AITH 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 The Day of Resurrection and Judgment

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321 321 321 321 321 321 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION How do we know what is good and what is evil? By reading the Holy Qur’an and the Hadith (traditions) of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa.Could you give a list of the deeds that are good? Yes.In the Holy Qur’an, Allah commands us: ♦ To be regular in our daily prayers.♦ To show obedience to our parents and elders.♦ To tell the truth.♦ To extend hospitality to guests.♦ To love our Holy Prophet Muhammad sa , and his companions and pray for them.♦ To ask others to do good and refrain from loose talk and from wasting our time in useless pursuits.Can you name some of the deeds that are major sins? The following are major sins: ♦ To believe in anyone as a partner of Allah.♦ To show disrespect to parents.♦ To steal.♦ To bear false witness.♦ To backbite.♦ To abuse anybody.♦ To be dishonest.♦ To break one’s promise.♦ To commit adultery or fornication.♦ To commit suicide.9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 G G G G G ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL R R R R R ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS K K K K K NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE — A — A — A — A — A RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES RTICLES O F O F O F O F O F F F F F F A I T H A I T H A I T H A I T H A I T H

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322 322 322 322 322 322 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Fi Fi Fi Fi Fiv v v v ve Pillar e Pillar e Pillar e Pillar e Pillars of s of s of s of s of Islam Islam Islam Islam Islam What are the fundamental principles of Islam? There are five fundamental principles (or Pillars) of Islam ( see Part-1.3): 1.Declaration of Faith---the Kalimah 2.Observance of Salat.3.Paying of Zakat.4.Performance of Hajj (Pilgrimage) to Ka`bah 5.Observance of Saum (Fast) during Ramadan.What is Declaration of Faith or the Kalimah? The Kalimah is to declare that: There is none worthy of worship but Allah and that Muhammad is His Messenger What is Salat ? Salat means observance of the Five Daily Prayers, which are obligatory in Islam.What are the the Five Daily Prayers called? These are called: Fajr, Zuhr, `Asr, Maghrib and `Ishaa.Salat - the Five Daily Prayers Kalimah - the Declaration of Faith G G G G G ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL R R R R R ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS K K K K K NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE — P — P — P — P — P ILLARS ILLARS ILLARS ILLARS ILLARS O F O F O F O F O F I I I I I SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 Five Pillars of Islam

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323 323 323 323 323 323 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION What are the timings of these prayers? ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Fajr or morning prayer is said an hour before sunrise.♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Zuhr or noon prayer is said at the decline of the sun.♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ `Asr or afternoon prayer is said two hours before sunset.♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Maghrib or sunset prayer is said immediately after sunset.♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ `Ishaa' or evening prayer is offered after dark.What do you mean by Nafl prayers? These are optional prayers which could be offered whenever one likes, except at forbidden times.What are the forbidden times for Salat and Nawaafil ? Forbidden times are as follows: ♦ During the rising of the sun.♦ When the sun is at its zenith.♦ During the setting of the sun.♦ After `Asr prayer till the Adhaan of Magrib prayer and after Fajr prayer till after the rising of the sun.What is the person who leads the prayer in congregation called? He is called Imam which literally means leader.How many kinds of prayers are there in Islam? There are three kinds of prayers: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Fard: These are obligatory.♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Sunnah: These were offered in addition to the Fard prayer by the Holy Prophet sa.♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Nafl: These are optional prayers such as Tahajjud etc.♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Waajib: These are necessary, but not obligatory, e.g.Vitr, Eid-ul- Fitr and Eid-ul-Ad-hiya.9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 G G G G G ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL R R R R R ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS K K K K K NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE — P — P — P — P — P ILLARS ILLARS ILLARS ILLARS ILLARS O F O F O F O F O F I I I I I SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM

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324 324 324 324 324 324 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION What benefits could we derive from offering Prayer regularly? The Holy Qur’an says that regular Prayer wards off evil and indecency.It is the best means of self purification.It brings us nearer to our Creator and makes us obedient to Him.Prayer brings peace of mind and removes worries from our minds.It makes us punctual and regular in life.What is Zakat ? It is a cess paid in cash or kind by Muslims of means who possess for one complete year, money, gold, silver, or cattle beyond a minimum.The proceeds of Zakat are distributed among the poor sections of the community.What is the annual rate of Zakat on money, gold, and silver? The annual rate is two and a half percent.What is a fast? Fast means abstention from food, and drink from dawn to sunset for the pleasure of God.Should everybody observe the fast? Yes, except invalids, insane, the infants or those on a journey.But those who do not observe the fast due to illness or incapacity of any sort or because of being on a journey should observe the fast on an equal number of other days.Those who cannot observe the fast at all should arrange to feed a poor and needy person during the period of fast.What is the month of obligatory fasting called? It is called the month of Ramadan.Should we fast during this month only? We can fast whenever we like during the year.The month of Ramadan is the month of obligatory fasting.Zakat Saum-e- Ramadan (Fasting) G G G G G ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL R R R R R ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS K K K K K NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE — P — P — P — P — P ILLARS ILLARS ILLARS ILLARS ILLARS O F O F O F O F O F I I I I I SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3

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325 325 325 325 325 325 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION What are benefits of fasting? Fasting is good both for our physical as well as spiritual health.It promotes self discipline, physical, and moral strength.It reinforces the bonds of human sympathy.It is a great virtue to endure hunger and thirst for winning the pleasure of Allah.What was the practice of Holy Prophet sa in respect of voluntary fasts? The Holy Prophet Muhammad sa used to observe voluntary fasts as follows: ♦ Six in the beginning of the month of Shawwaal (the lunar month after Ramadan ).♦ Three in every lunar month.♦ One on the ninth of Zul-Hijjah.♦ One on the ninth and/or tenth of Muharram.What is Taraweeh Prayer? It consists of eight Raka’at of voluntary prayer, only in Ramadan, offered immediately after `Ishaa prayers.It may said in place of Tahajjad prayers in Ramadhan.What is I`tikaaf ? One who can afford to spend the last ten days nights if the month of Ramadhan in the mosque is called Mu’takif.To remain in the Mosque during this period and to devote one self’s time wholly to the worship and remembrance of Allah, is called I`ti`kaf.What is Hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca? It is obligatory upon all Muslims who can afford the journey to perform the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their life time.9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 G G G G G ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL R R R R R ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS K K K K K NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE — P — P — P — P — P ILLARS ILLARS ILLARS ILLARS ILLARS O F O F O F O F O F I I I I I SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM Hajj (Pilgrimage)

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326 326 326 326 326 326 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION What is `Umrah ? It is a visit to Mecca at any time during the year in the state of Ihraam to perform the Tawaaf (circuits) of Ka`bah and the Sa`ee (running between the hillocks ie.Safaa and Marwah ).What are the ceremonies of Hajj ? To be in the state of Ihraam and to recite in Talbiyyah.The stay at Arafat from the afternoon of 9th Zulhajj to sunset.To perform Tawaaf (circuits) from the 10th to the 12th Zulhajj.To offer sacrifice of an animal on 10 th Zul-Hijjah.What is Ihraam ? The state of Ihraam means to be clothed only in two seamless sheets.Hajj or `Umrah can only be performed in the state of Ihraam.Women are not required to be in Ihraam.What is Talbiyyah ? The frequent repetition of : Here am I, O Allah, here I am; Here am I, You have no associate, here am I; All praise and bounty are Yours, and Yours is the Kingdom; You have no associate.What is Tawaaf and how is it performed? A Tawaaf means performing seven circuits of the Ka`bah, starting from the position of the Black Stone in an anti-clockwise direction.At the end of each circuit the Black Stone should be kissed, if possible, and if not, then symbolically.What is the Ka`bah ? It is the first place set up for the worship of God in the world in the pre-historic times.It was restored by Prophets Ibraheem and Isma'eel (may Allah’s peace be on them both) some four thousand years ago.Muslims all over the world face towards the Ka`bah when they offer their prayers.G G G G G ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL R R R R R ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS K K K K K NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE — P — P — P — P — P ILLARS ILLARS ILLARS ILLARS ILLARS O F O F O F O F O F I I I I I SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3

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327 327 327 327 327 327 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION What is Ahmadiyyat and who founded it? The Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam was founded by the Promised Messiah as , Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as of Qadian in 1889.It was foretold by the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa that in the latter days when moral and spiritual values would be in decline among the Muslim, the Messiah and Mahdi would appear to revive Islam.He would present Islam in its original purity and beauty and would establish the superiority of Islam over all other faiths.It was also prophesied by the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa that through the Promised Messiah as , Islam would spread to the western world also.Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as of Qadian claimed that he was the Messiah and the Mahdi as had been prophesied by the Holy Prophet sa.Tell me more about Hadrat Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the Promised Messiah as Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as was born on February 13,1835 at Qadian.He belonged to a noble family of Mughals.His father was the Chief of Qadian.He was born at a time when little thought was given to learning.There were no regular schools or colleges in smaller towns.His father was very eager for his education so he employed a tutor named Fazli Ilahi, from whom he learned to read the Holy Qur’an and a few Persian books.At the age of ten, he had another teacher named Fazl Ahmad who instructed him in Arabic grammar and a few other books.He read some books on medicine, logic and philosophy with another teacher named Gul Ali Shah.After the completing this initial education he was asked by his father to take up some Government job.In obedience to his father, he offered himself for a job in the Deputy Commissioner’s office at Sialkot but he soon found that was not the kind of work that suited his temperament.So he gave up his job and returned to Qadian.In Qadian, most of his time was devoted to the study of Holy Qur’an, the books of Hadith and religious literature.He loved retirement and seclusion from the world and found his joy in meditation and worship of Allah.Ahmadiyy Ahmadiyy Ahmadiyy Ahmadiyy Ahmadiyya a a a at — t — t — t — t — R R R R Re e e e evi vi vi vi viv v v v val of al of al of al of al of Islam Islam Islam Islam Islam Ahmadiyyat The Promised Messiah as 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 G G G G G E N E R A L E N E R A L E N E R A L E N E R A L E N E R A L R R R R R E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S K K K K K N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E — A — A — A — A — A H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y YA A A A AT T T T T

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328 328 328 328 328 328 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION He was just over forty when his father died.Before his father’s demise he was warned of the event through Divine revelation.While thinking about his future after his father’s death, a thought passed through his mind, who would look after his needs? There upon he received another revelation.Is Allah not sufficient for His servant? This brought him great comfort and he was reassured that Allah would not suffer him to perish.Since his early life the Promised Messiah as had been deeply distressed about the terrible state into which the Muslims had fallen.Christians and Hindus were making outrageous attacks on the Holy Founder sa of Islam and on the Holy Qur’an.The Christians had even announced that within a short span of time, the standard of Christ would be hoisted all over India and Arabia.Muslim divines, on the other hand, were woefully lacking in all spiritual knowledge.The Promised Messiah as stepped into the breach to defend Islam.He wrote hundreds of books, pamphlets and handbills defending Islam and proved its superiority over all other faiths.His first book called Baraheen-i-Ahmadiyya, was enthusiastically received by the Muslims.They called him the ‘Lion of Islam’.The Christians and the Hindus retreated in their attacks.The Promised Messiah as married twice and had five sons and two daughters who survived.He foretold about the birth of an illustrious son who was born on 12th January, 1889 and was given the name of Mirza Bashirud Din Mahmud Ahmad ra.The Promised Messiah as challenged the followers of all other faiths to come forward and hold debate with him on the subject of the superiority of Islam over all other faiths.None turned up.He was given the miracle of penmanship.He wrote many books in Arabic, and challenged Arab scholars to produce the like of them.He made thousands of prophecies many of which were fulfilled in his own life time.Many have been fulfilled and there are others yet to be fulfilled.The Promised Messiah as spent all of his life in the service of Islam.His knowledge of the Holy Qur’an was miraculous.He had a store of vast spiritual and religious knowledge bestowed upon him by Allah Himself.The Promised Messiah as passed away on May 26, 1908 at Lahore and was buried the next day at Qadian.Name the Khulafaa (Successors) to the Promised Messiah as ? ♦ Hadrat Maulana Hakeem Nooruddin ra - the First Khalifa.♦ Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad ra - the Second Khalifa.Successors to the Promised Messiah as G G G G G ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL R R R R R ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS K K K K K NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE — A — A — A — A — A H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y YA A A A AT T T T T 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4

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329 329 329 329 329 329 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION ♦ Hadrat Mirza Nasir Ahmad rh was the Third Khalifa.♦ Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad rh was the Fourth Khalifa.♦ Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aa is the Fifth Khalifa and the present Head of the world-wide Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama’at.Tell me more about Hadrat Maulana Hakeem Nooruddin ra , Khalifatul Masih I ? Hadrat Maulana Nooruddin ra was born in 1841 at Bhera (Pakistan).His father’s name was Ghulam Rasul and mother’s name was Noor Bakht.His lineage can be traced back to Hadrat ‘Umar Bin Khattaab.He was Hafiz Qur’an, a great scholar of the Holy Qur’an, Arabic and Persian.At the age of 25, he travelled to Mecca and Medina where for a few years he studied Hadith and other theological subjects.He was a highly qualified physician and was personal physician to the Maharaja of Kashmir for a number of years.He had great love for the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa , the Holy Qur’an and the Promised Messiah as.H was the first person to take Bai`at on March 23, 1889, at the hands of the Promised Messiah as.His exceptional services in the cause of Islam is clear from what the Promised Messiah as said about him:, “How nice it would be if everyone from my followers were to become Nooruddin”.Following the demise of the Promised Messiah as , he was elected as the first Khalifa (Successor) to the Promised Messiah as by all the members of the Community.As the first Successor to the Promised Messiah as , he established unity of the Jama`at and stability of the system of Khilafat.He passed away on March 13, 1914, on a Friday.Tell me more about Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad ra , Khalifatul Masih II.He was the second Khalifa and the illustrious Promised Son of the Promised Messiah as.He was born on January 12, 1889 at Qadian in accordance with a prophecy of the Promised Messiah as about Muslih Mau`ood or the Promised Reformer.On the demise of Hadrat Maulana Nooruddin, he was elected as the second Khalifah to the Promised Messiah as on March 14, 1914.During his Khilafat, he made significant plans to organize and unite the Jama`at and to spread the message of Islam throughout the world.He etablished auxiliary organisations of different age groups and announced a new scheme, Tahik- e Jadid , under which, a number of Ahmadiyya Missions outside India were established.9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 G G G G G E N E R A L E N E R A L E N E R A L E N E R A L E N E R A L R R R R R E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S K K K K K N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E — A — A — A — A — A H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y YA A A A AT T T T T Hadrat Maulana Nooruddin ra Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad ra

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330 330 330 330 330 330 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Hadrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad ra wrote many volumes of his unique Commentary on the Holy Qur’an called, Tafseer-e Kabeer.He was a great writer and poet, unique scholar and a great orator.He wrote scores of books on various Islamic subjects.He was extremely intelligent.He organized the Community on a sound basis.During his 52 years of Khilafat, the Jama`at progressed by leaps and bounds.He passed away on November 8, 1965.Tell me more about Hadrat Mirza Nasir Ahmad rh , Khalifatul Masih III.Hadrat Mirza Nasir Ahmad rh was born in November 16, 1909.He was the son of Hadrat Khalifatul Masih-II and grandson of the Promised Messiah as.He obtained the degree of Maulvi Faadil (Religious Scholar) from Punjab University, Lahore, and his Masters degree Oxford University, U.K.Before his election as Khalifah he served the community in various capacities.He was very fond of nature.His knowledge of the Holy Qur’an and Hadith was remarkable.He was also an able administrator.After the sad demise of Hadrat Khalifatul-II on November 8, 1965, he was elected as the third Khalifah of the Promised Messiah as.In 1965, he established Fadl-e `Umar Foundation in the memory of Hadrat Khalifatul Masih-II and a modern library called Khilafat Library.He launched Nusrat Jehan Scheme, under which scores of medical centres and High Schools were opened in the West African countries of Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone, Liberia, the Ivory Coast and the Gambia.In Jalsa Salana, 1973, he announced the Centenary Jubilee Scheme in anticipation of the completion of 100 years of the existence of Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama`at on March 23, 1989.He passed away on June 9, 1982.Tell me more about Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad rh , Khalifatul Masih IV Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad rh was born on December 18, 1928 at Qadian, Punjab, India.He was the son of Hadrat Khalifatul Masih-II and grandson of the Promised Messiah as.He received his early education in Qadian.He then joined Government College, Lahore, Pakistan.In 1955, he went to London and studied at the University of London, School of Oriental African Studies.He returned to Pakistan in 1957.Upon his return he was elected President of Majlis Khuddamul Ahmadiyya (International) and later President Majlis Ansarullah (International).He served the Jama`at in various capacities before being elected as Khilafatul Masih-IV on June 10, 1982.On April 30, 1984, he had to migrate to England for the sake of safeguarding the institution of Khilafat.G G G G G ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL ENERAL R R R R R ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS ELIGIOUS K K K K K NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE — A — A — A — A — A H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y YA A A A AT T T T T 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 Hadrat Mirza Nasir Ahmad rh Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad rh

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331 331 331 331 331 331 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad rh was a great scholar, a fine orator, and a brilliant author.He travelled all over the world and met Heads of State, intellectuals of international repute, politicians, writers and journalists - who held him in high esteem.His speeches and discourses were widely reported in the International press.An english author Mr.Ian Adamson wrote an excellent biography of Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad rh titled ‘A Man of God’.Under his guidance, the Holy Qur’an was translated into 57 languages of the world and the Jama`at was established in 176 countries.He launched a number of schemes for the uplift of African people and other nations of the Third World.He passed away on April 19, 2003.Tell me more about Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aa , Khalifatul Masih V Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aa , the present Head of the world-wide Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama`at.He was born in Rabwah, Pakistan on September 15, 1950.His father’s name was Hadrat Mirza Mansoor Ahmad and his mother’s name is Hadrat Nasira Begum sahiba.He is great grandson of the Promised Maessiah as , and grandson of Hadrat Mirza Sharif Ahmad, the youngest son of the Promised messiah.He is a Bachelor of Arts and Master of Science in Agriculture.In 1977.He devoted his life for Islam, and proceeded to Ghana as instructed by Hadrat Hadrat Khalifatul Masih-III.In Ghana, he served the Jama`at for eight years as the principal of Ahmadiyya schools and the Manager of the Ahmadiyya Agricultual Form.Following the sad demise of Hadrat Khalifatul Masih-IV on April 19, 2003, Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad was elected as Khalifatul Masih-V on April 22, 2003.In the early days of his Khilafat, in September, 2003, Huzur announced establishment of Tahir Foundation, to compile and publish the speeches and question-answer sessions of Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad rh , Khalifatul Masih-IV.On August 1, 2004, Huzur announced an important goal for the Jama`at that at least 50 per cent of the earning Chanda Payers participate in Nizam-e Wasiyyat.In May 2005, Huzur advised the Jama`at to make spiritual preparation for the Khilafat Jubilee to be celebrated in 2008, and prescribed a set of prayers (see page ).In addition to visiting many other countries, Huzur visited India in December, 2005 and addressed the histric Jalsa Salana Qadian.Currently in 2008, Huzur is again touring many countries of the world to join the world-wide jama`ats in their celebrations of Khilafat Jubilee.In April, 2008, Huzur addressed more than 100,000 Ahmadis in the 78th Jalsa Salana Ghana.- the first ever Khilafat Jubilee Jalsa in the world.Huzur has launched special schemes for African countries for water, alternate energy and ecnomocial housing.By the grace of 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 G G G G G E N E R A L E N E R A L E N E R A L E N E R A L E N E R A L R R R R R E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S K K K K K N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E — A — A — A — A — A H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y YA A A A AT T T T T Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aa

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332 332 332 332 332 332 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION G G G G G E N E R A L E N E R A L E N E R A L E N E R A L E N E R A L R R R R R E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S K K K K K N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E —A —A —A —A —A H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y Y H M A D I Y YA A A A AT T T T T 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 Allah, the Jama`at has established itself in 189 countries and the number of Waaqfeen- Nau rose to 34,811.Huzur is gifted with exceptional qualities of administration and leadership.His Friday sermons are shown live on the MTA (Muslim Television Ahmadiyya) throughout the world - a great source of inspiration and knowledge not only for the Ahmadis but for non Ahmadis also.May Allah bless Hadrat Khalifatul Masih -V with long, healthy and dynamic life so that during his Khilafat, we all may witness the final victory of Islam by winning the hearts of people.What are the auxiliary organisations in Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama`at? The Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama’at is organised into several organizations: Lajna Imaa’illah : for women above the age of 15.Nasiratul Ahmadiyya: for girls of ages 7 to 15 years.Majlis Ansarullah : for men above the age of 40.Majlis Khuddam-ul-Ahmadiyya: for the youth.of ages 15 to 40.Majlis Atfalul Ahmadiyya: for boys for 7 to 15 years of age.Tell me about the first Ahmadiyya mission established outside Indo-Pak continent and other world-wide missions? The first mission established outside India was the London Mission.It was established in April, 1914 when Hadrat Chaudhri Fateh Muhammad Sial was the first Ahmadiyya Missionary to England.In 1924, the London mosque was built by the Ahmadiyya Jama’at, the first to be built in London.This project was financed entirely by the ladies of the Jama’at.The London mission has the distinction of having been visited twice by Hadrat Khilafatul-Masih II ra.Hadrat Khilafatul-Masih III rh also visited the London Mission eight times during his Khilafat.Hadrat Khalifatul-Masih IV rh migrated to England on April 30, 1984.Since then, the London Mission has been the provisional Headquarters of the worldwide Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama’at and it continues to be even now, during the Khilafat of Hadrat Khalifatul Masih-V aa.By the grace of Almighty Allah, there are now scores of Ahmadiyya Missions established in 189 countries of the world and the message of Ahmadiyyat is reaching the corners of the earth, as prophecised by the Promised Messiah as.World-wide Ahmadiyya Foreign Missions Auxiliary Organisations

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333 333 333 333 333 333 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 G G G G G E N E R A L E N E R A L E N E R A L E N E R A L E N E R A L R R R R R E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S K K K K K N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E — W — W — W — W — W A Q F A Q F A Q F A Q F A Q F - - - - - E E E E E -N -N -N -N -N A U A U A U A U A U G G G G G U I D E L I N E S U I D E L I N E S U I D E L I N E S U I D E L I N E S U I D E L I N E S Guidelines f Guidelines f Guidelines f Guidelines f Guidelines for P or P or P or P or Par ar ar ar arents of ents of ents of ents of ents of W W W W Waaqif aaqif aaqif aaqif aaqifeen-e-Nau een-e-Nau een-e-Nau een-e-Nau een-e-Nau Childr Childr Childr Childr Children en en en en Hadhrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh launched the blessed scheme of Waqf-e-Nau on April 3, 1987, under which Ahmadi families were urged to dedicate their children for the world-wide spread of Islam in the second century of Ahmadiyyat.Hadrat Khalifatul Masih V aa announced in his address in the U.K Jalsa Salana (August 27, 2007) that the total number of Waaqfeen-e Nau children has risen to 34,811.Following is a syllabus recommended by Vakalat Waqf-e-Nau , Tahrik-e-Jadid , Rabwah for the dedicated children, i.e.Waaqfeen-e-Nau ♦ Rise early and endeavor to say the Tahajjud prayer.♦ The father should offer prayers on time, in congregation, and the mother at home, on time.♦ Recite the Holy Quran aloud daily.♦ Keep the child hygienically clean, and if he does get soiled, clean him/ her immediately.♦ Don’t keep the child in the nude.Dress him/her appropriately according to the weather.♦ Avoid hugging, kissing, and cuddling the child overly, for it can create personality problems.♦ The mother should breast-feed the child for two years, unless it is medically inadvisable.♦ Feed the child in appropriate quantities at fixed intervals.♦ Have the child inoculated and vaccinated as appropriate, and have him/ her medically examined periodically under the supervision of the Waqf- e-Nau supervisor.♦ Talk to the child gently and with dignity, and avoid as far as possible scolding and roughing him/her up.♦ Don’t relate horror stories.Tell him/her events pertaining to pious and brave people.Syllabus for the Parents of Waaqfeen- e-Nau

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334 334 334 334 334 334 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION G G G G G E N E R A L E N E R A L E N E R A L E N E R A L E N E R A L R R R R R E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S E L I G I O U S K K K K K N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E N O W L E D G E — W — W — W — W — W A Q F A Q F A Q F A Q F A Q F - - - - - E E E E E -N -N -N -N -N A U A U A U A U A U G G G G G U I D E L I N E S U I D E L I N E S U I D E L I N E S U I D E L I N E S U I D E L I N E S 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 ♦ Mail at least one letter for prayers to Huzur every month.♦ Study the following books to help impart the desired education to the child: 1.Kaamyabi ki Raahain 2.Minhaaj ul Taalibain 3.Allah ki Baatain (vol.1&2) 4.Bachon ki Parwarish 5.Waaqfeen-e-Nau (for the guidance of the parents) 6.Konpal 7.Ghuncha 8.Gul ♦ Tell the child that he/she is a Mujahid of Waqf-e-Nau, and that he / she is a good and God-fearing child.♦ Allow the child to possess some appropriate materials and encourage him / her to give away some of them to others.This will spur the urge to give sadqa and charity and will develop the quality of helping kinsfolk and the needy.In the same manner, inculcate the qualities of cooperation and dignity of labour.♦ Instead of letting him / her play alone, get him/her into the habit of playing in your presence.♦ Keep praying for the child regularly; especially say the following prayer: Our Lord, grant us of our spouses and children the delight of our eyes and make each of us a leader for the righteous.(25:75) “We shall be in need of hundreds of thousands of well-trained Waaqfeen-e- Nau children for the worldwide spread of Islam in the second century of Ahmaddiyat.” (Friday Sermon, April 3, 1987, Hadrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh )

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335 335 335 335 335 335 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION  P P P P Part 10 art 10 art 10 art 10 art 10 Basic Basic Basic Basic Basic Ar Ar Ar Ar Ara a a a abic Lessons bic Lessons bic Lessons bic Lessons bic Lessons 1: Basics of the Arabic Language 2: Arabic Grammar 3: Vocabulary Prepared by: Prof.Mubarak A.Ansari Designed by: Essam Ahmed 335 335 335 335 335

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336 336 336 336 336 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Shapes of Arabic Letters Shapes of Arabic letters in the beginning, middle and end of words.For a detailed pronounciation guide, see section 2.3

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337 337 337 337 337 337 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Basics of the Basics of the Basics of the Basics of the Basics of the Ar Ar Ar Ar Ara a a a abic Langua bic Langua bic Langua bic Langua bic Languag g g g ge e e e e Lesson 1 Use of ‘al’ In Arabic, al ( ) is used in the same way as the is used in English.In other words, with the addition of al , a common noun becomes specific, e.g.: means a boy, while means the boy.If a word starts with al ( ), tanween ( ) cannot be put on that word.For example, to say as-salaumu alaikum is correct, but as-salaamun alaikum is incor- rect.Types of Letters Based on whether the laam in al is pro- nounced, or whether the alif is directly joined to the first consonant of the word, letters of the Arabic alphabet can be divided into two: Qamaree and Shamsee — al is completely pronounced with al-Qamar (the moon) while it is joined to the sheen of ash- shams (the sun).10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 B B B B B A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C O F O F O F O F O F A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C L L L L L A N G U A G E A N G U A G E A N G U A G E A N G U A G E A N G U A G E

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338 338 338 338 338 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Qamaree Letters The following 15 letters are known as Qamaree letters: If al is put before these letters, the laam is pronounced, e.g.B B B B B A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S — B — B — B — B — B A S I C S A S I C S A S I C S A S I C S A S I C S 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1

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339 339 339 339 339 339 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Shamsee Letters The following 14 letters are known as Shamsee letters: If al is put before these letters, the laam becomes silent and alif of al is combined with the letter by means of shadda, e.g.10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 b b b b b A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C l l l l l E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S — — — — — b b b b b A S I C S A S I C S A S I C S A S I C S A S I C S

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340 340 340 340 340 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Ar Ar Ar Ar Ara a a a abic Gr bic Gr bic Gr bic Gr bic Grammar ammar ammar ammar ammar Types of the word The word (Kalima) conveys full meaning independently.There are three types: 1.Noun It is a word which indicates the name of any thing; it is independent in its meaning, e.g.man, Lahore Adjective This type of word defines or qualifies a noun, e.g.: White paper 2.Verb It is a word which explains an action done in present, past or future, e.g.He Created He Provided He came 3.Preposition A word which alone is meaningless, but becomes meaningful only when it is com- bined with another noun or verb e.g.: on, in, to Pronoun It is aword which is used in place of a noun, e.g.He, She B B B B B A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S — G — G — G — G — G R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2

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341 341 341 341 341 341 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Lesson 2 The Noun Classes of ism (noun) The two main classes of Arabic nouns are: ism nakirah (indefinit noun) and ism ma`rifah (definit noun) Ism Nakirah (indefinit noun) It is a name of indefinit thing, e.g.(any) boy (any) book Ism Ma`rifah (definit noun) It is the name of a definite thing, e.g.the boy the book Changing a Indefinit Noun to a Definit Noun If al is prefixed to a indefinit noun, it is changed into a definit noun e.g.: Any living creature Any person The living creature The person 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 b b b b b A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C l l l l l E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S — G — G — G — G — G R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R

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342 342 342 342 342 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Lesson 3 The Numbers (of Nouns) In most languages there are only two catego- ries of numbers; singular and plural.But in Arabic, there are three categories of numbers; singular, dual and plural, e.g.: The Singular A pen The Dual Two pens The Plural Many pens Examples B B B B B A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S — G — G — G — G — G R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2

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343 343 343 343 343 343 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Lesson 4 The Gender (of Nouns) The female gender of words can be identi- fied by the following hints: 1.Ending in round taa ( ) City Woman Daughter 2.Ending in taa ( ) Daughters Muslim Women 3.Ending in yaa ( ) with vertical fatha Bigger Smaller Good news 4.The names of colours for male and fe- male genders are: 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 b b b b b A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C l l l l l E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S — G — G — G — G — G R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R

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344 344 344 344 344 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 5.Single parts of a body are masculine while those in pairs are feminine.6.Some examples of gender are given be- low: B B B B B A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S — G — G — G — G — G R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2

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345 345 345 345 345 345 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Lesson 5 Dhamaa’ir (Pronouns) There are two common types of pronouns: munfasilah and muttasilah.Dhamaa’ir Munfasilah (Independent Pronoun) These are independently meaningful and do not require another noun to qualify their meanings, e.g.he, she, you, I etc.10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 b b b b b A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C l l l l l E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S — G — G — G — G — G R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R

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346 346 346 346 346 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Dhamaa’ir Muttasilah (Dependent Pronouns) These are always combined with another noun; they cannot give full meanings alone.Examples of Independent Pronouns Examples of Dependent Pronouns B B B B B A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S — G — G — G — G — G R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2

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347 347 347 347 347 347 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Lesson 6 Interrogative Words The following words are generally used in the construction of an interrogative sentence: 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 b b b b b A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C l l l l l E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S — G — G — G — G — G R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R

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348 348 348 348 348 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Lesson 7 The Verb (Fi`l ) This type of word signifies an action and the time of action.General Types of Verb 1.Active Voice (Fi`l Ma`roof) In this type of verb, its subject is known e.g.: I did 2.Passive Voice (Fi`l Ma`roof) In this type of verb, its subject is unknown e.g.: Was done to me Types of Verb with Respect to Time 1.Past Tense (Fi’l Maadee) This signifies an action in the past.In the following table conjugation of past tense with the verb fa`ala ( ) — to do — has been given.The conjugation with any other similar verb having three letters may be made by following the three harakaat shown in the table as given in the following table: B B B B B A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S — G — G — G — G — G R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2

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349 349 349 349 349 349 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Conjugation of verbs in the past tense Conjugation of ‘to be’ in the past tense 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 b b b b b A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C l l l l l E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S — G — G — G — G — G R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R

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350 350 350 350 350 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 2.Present or Future Tense (Fi`l Mudaari`) It tells about an action in present or in fu- ture.Most of the verbs in Arabic consist of three-letter roots.A verb can adopt one of the three main forms when changing from Maadee (Past) into Mudaari` , as given be- low: When changing into mudaari` , the strokes ( irab ) on the middle letter of the root por- tion of the verb remains constant for all the conjugations in the mudaari` form.B B B B B A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S — G — G — G — G — G R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2

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351 351 351 351 351 351 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 3.Imperative (Fi`l Amar) In Fi`l Amar, an order or a request is made to do an action.Since this verb addresses a second person only, it has only six forms.Verbs going into the imperative form take one of the following three forms: 4.Negative Imperative (Fi`l Nahee) In this verb type also, a second person is addressed and he is requested not to do an action.To convert Amar into Nahee , the word Laa is prefixed to the Amar form as shown below 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 b b b b b A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C l l l l l E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S — G — G — G — G — G R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R

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352 352 352 352 352 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Lesson 8 The Adjective ( Sift ) This type of word qualifies a noun.For example, in the phrase on the right, qirtaas (paper) is the noun and abyadun (white) is the adjective.The types are: 1.Ism-Tafdeel (Comparative adjective) This shows a greater degree of quality when two things are compared.2.Ism-Tasgheer ( Comparative adjective) This shows a lower degree of quality when two things are compared.3.Ism-Mubaaligha (Superlative adjective) This shows extreme superiority in comparison to others.B B B B B A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S — G — G — G — G — G R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2

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353 353 353 353 353 353 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Lesson 9 AL-HUROOF (Preposition) Harf is a type of word which is not meaningful alone, but becomes meaningful when combined with another noun or verb.10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 b b b b b A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C l l l l l E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S — G — G — G — G — G R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R These are not prepositions

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354 354 354 354 354 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Lesson 10 Arabic Numerals B B B B B A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S — G — G — G — G — G R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R R A M M A R 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2

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355 355 355 355 355 355 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION V V V V Voca oca oca oca ocab b b b bular ular ular ular ulary y y y y 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 b b b b b A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C l l l l l E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S — V — V — V — V — V O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A RY Y Y Y Y

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356 356 356 356 356 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION B B B B B A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S — V — V — V — V — V O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A RY Y Y Y Y 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3

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357 357 357 357 357 357 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 b b b b b A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C l l l l l E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S — V — V — V — V — V O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A RY Y Y Y Y

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358 358 358 358 358 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION B B B B B A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S — V — V — V — V — V O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A RY Y Y Y Y 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3

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359 359 359 359 359 359 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 b b b b b A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C l l l l l E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S E S S O N S — V — V — V — V — V O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A RY Y Y Y Y

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360 360 360 360 360 B ASICS OF R ELIGIOUS E DUCATION - F IFTH E DITION Lesson 11 B B B B B A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A S I C A A A A A R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C R A B I C L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S L E S S O N S — V — V — V — V — V O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A R O C A B U L A RY Y Y Y Y 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3

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361 361 361 361 361 Prayers and Worship for the Centenary of Khilafat-e-Ahmadiyya Hadrat Khalifatul Masih V aa , in his Friday sermon on May 27, 2005, advised the Jama`at to make spiritual preparation for the Khilafat Centennial celebrations in 2008, through prayers and worship as given below: ♦ Observe one optional fast every month and pray to keep Khilafat-e-Ahmadiyya established ♦ Offer two rakaa`at Nafl prayer daily for the prosperity and stability of the Jama`at.♦ Recite Surah Faatihah seven times daily and ponder on its meanings to be safe from all kinds of mischief and disorders.♦ Recite 11 times daily the Qur’anic prayer (2:251): O our Lord, pour forth steadfastness upon us and make our steps firm, and help us against the disbelieving people.♦ Recite 11 times daily the prayer of the Holy Prophet sa : O Allah! We make You a shield against the enemy and we seek Your protection against their evil designs.(Abu Dawood-Kitab-us-Salaat).♦ Recite 33 time daily the Qur’anic prayer (3:9): O our Lord, let not our hearts become perverse after Thou hast guided us; and bestow on us mercy from Thyself; surely, Thou alone art the Bestower.♦ Recite 33 times daily - the prayer for forgiveness: O our Lord, let not our hearts become perverse after Thou hast guided us; and bestow on us mercy from Thyself; surely, Thou alone art the Bestower.♦ Recite 33 times daily the following Tasbeeh and Tahmeed (Glorification and Praise) : Holy is Allah and worthy of all priase, Holy is Allah, the Great.O Allah, bless Muhammad sa and the people of Muhammad sa.♦ Recite 33 times daily the Durood Shareef

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362 362 362 362 362 On 23rd April 2003, Hadrat Khalifatul Masih V aa addressed the gathering at Islamabad, Tilford Surrey, England before the collective initiation (Ijtima`ee Bai`at), and funeral prayer of Hadrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh : Dearest Jama`at of the Promised Messiah as , the evergreen branches of his being! Assalaamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakaatuhoo : Our hearts are saddened and our eyes are tearful because a most loving personality has departed from us.However, we submit to the Divine Command of ‘kullu man alaihaa faan : All that is on it (earth) will pass away - (55:27).The spectactular advancement of the Jama`at we witnessed during the Fourth Khilafat warrants no explanation.Pursuant to the method taught to us by Hadrat Khalifatul Masih IV rh , on how to bid farewell to the departing Khalifa, and welcoming the new Khalifa, I stand here today in compliance to that, request you all, that we make a pledge that, ‘O you who has departed, the swiftness you employed to advance the mission of the Promised Messiah as – to enable the faith of the Holy Prophet sa to dominate the world – we shall always continue to make sacrifices, all kinds of sacrices, for the advancement of this mission.We bear witness that you most certainly honoured your commitment.May Allah the Almighty shower thousands of blessings and grace upon you.Aameen.Next, in welcoming the incoming (Khalifa), we make a pledge bearing witness to Allah the Exalted that in order to convey the message of peace and security of the Holy Prophet sa to the world and to assemble the entire world under his banner and likewise to support the establishment of Khilafat-e-Ahmadiyya, we shall be ready to make every sacrifice.For this, we will always support you (the Khalifatul Masih) with prayers.Pray that Allah the Exalted displays more than before, the Second Manifestation of Divine support and triumph that He has always exhibited to the Jama`at.May He forgive our shortcomings and ingratitude, and may He cover our inadequacies.With His grace alone, indeed with His grace alone, may He cover my shortcomings.May He never remove His Hand of mercy from us, never remove it, never remove it! Aameen Ya Rabbul Aalameen! (Review of Religions, April 2003, page 61-62) The Second Address of Hadrat Khalifatul Masih V aa

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363 363 363 363 363 Bib Bib Bib Bib Biblio lio lio lio liog g g g gr r r r ra a a a aph ph ph ph phy y y y y The Holy Qur’an (With English Translation and Commentary) , Commentary by Alhaj Hadrat Mirza Bashir-ud-din Mahmud Ahmad ra.Islam International Publications Limited, London, 1988.Philosophy of The Teachings of Islam by Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, The Promised Messiah as.Roohani Khazaa’in the writings of Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the Promised Messiah as Distinctive Features of Islam by Hadhrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad, Head of the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam: Islam International Publications Limited.Islam - A Discourse on Its Elementary and Fundamental Teachings by Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad: Islam International Publications Ltd., 1992 Islam — Its Meaning for Modern Man by Muhammad Zafrullah Khan ra : Routledge & Kegan Paul London and Henley, 1980.A Book of Religious Knowledge by Waheed Ahmad: Fazl-e-Umar Press, Athens Ohio, 1988 Hayaat-e Tayyibah by Sheikh Abdul Qadir rh , Lahore, 1959 Seerat Sayyidul Ambiaa sa by Sheikh Abdul Qadir ra Islam: My Religion by B.A.Rafiq: Islam International Publications, 1992 Al - Qaseedah translated by Abdul Mannan Shahid.Namaaz by Maulana Malik Saif-ur-Rahman Faadil, Ahmad Academy, Rabwah, 1980

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364 364 364 364 364 Chalees Jawaher Paray (Forty Gems of Beauty) by Hadrat Mirza Bashir Ahmad ra : Nazarat Da`wat Tabligh Sadar Anjuman Ahmadiyya Qadian, 1976 Du`aaiya Khazaa’in by Muhammad Azam Akseer, Ahmad Academy Rabwah.Adaab-e-Hayaat by Amtul Rafiq Zafar, published by Lajna Imaa’illah, Karachi.Selected Sayings of The Holy Prophet of Islam sa Islam Internaional Publications Limited, U.K., 1988 Selected Sayings of the Holy Prophet sa by Syed Mahmood Ahmad Nasir, Islam Int.Publications Limited, U.K., 1988 Selections from The Writings of The Promised Messiah as Islam International Publications, U.K., 1988 Namaz Mutarjam (Salat with Translation) by Master Hamid Ahmad, Maktaba Faiz Aam, Rabwah.Sawaaneh (Life of ) Hazrat Khalifatul Masih-I ra by Razia Dard, published by Majlis Khuddamul Ahmadiyya, Rabwah, October 1979.Hazrat Khalafitul Masih IV rh by Maulana Dost Muhammad Shahid, Ahmad Academy, Rabwah Deeni Ma`loomaat Ka Bunyaadi Nasaab (Basic Syllabus of Religious Knowledge) by Habeeb Ullah Khan, Majlis Ansarullah, Rabwah The Review of Religions , April 1991 Chehl Ahadith by Mir Muhammad Ishaq ra Hayaat-e Tayyibah by Sheikh Abdul Qadir rh , May 1, 1959, Lahore, Pakistan Al-Fadl International , London, U.K.AlIslam.org , Website, Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama`at

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365 365 365 365 365 Inde Inde Inde Inde Index x x x x A Aa’ina-Kamalaat-e-Islam 252 ‘Aa’ishah 232, 242 Abbreviations x Abdur-Rahman bin ‘Auf 224 Ablution 186 Abraha 221 Abu Bakr 231, 235 demise 236 Khilafat 236 Abu Dawood 92 Abu Musa al-Ash‘ari 242 Abu Talib 225 Abuse is a sin 110 Abyssinia 224 Actions best 105 motives 97 noble 112 Adhaan 183 first 226 Affliction prayer in 142 removing 158 Ahadith 89 memorizing Forty 90 works of 92 Ahmadis.See Ahmadiyyat Ahmadiyya.See Ahmadiyyat name 256 Ahmadiyyat 20, 327 first mission 332 Jesus Christ 22 jihad 23 Khatamun-Nabiyyeen 22 missions 332 overview of differences 21 points of distinction 20 progress of 256 revival of Islam 20 Ahzaab 227 Al-Fatihah commentary 55 Al-Qaseedah 292 Alcohol 117 `Ali 241 demise 242 Khilafat 241 life 241 Allah 5, 6, 314 attributes 19, 27 belief in 6 blessings of 170 calling to 127, 157 favours of 123 for blessing of 142 guidance of 137 help of 109, 137, 162, 163 is kind 122 mercy of 138 obtaining love of 157 protection of 169 relationship with 315 remembrance 121 remembrance of 122 sees everything 107 the Exalted 26 Two Manifestations of Allah’s Power 261 where is 315 Al-wasiyyat 258 Amar Bin al-‘Aas 242 Ameer Mu‘aawiah 242 Aminah 222 Angels 6, 316 belief in 6 belief in 6 Anger controlling 107, 160 Ansarullah 269, 330, 332 ‘Aqaba 225 Ar-Raheem 58, 315 Ar-Rahmaan 58, 315 Ar-Rahman 58 ‘Arafaat 13 Articles of Eeman 5 Arya 254 ‘Asr 179 At-ta‘awwuz 189 At-Tashah-hud 193 Atfalul Ahmadiyya 269, 332 Attributes 19, 27 Auxiliary Organizations 269 B Bai`at-e Ridwaan 228

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366 366 366 366 366 Backbiting 101 Badr 226 Banu Nadeer 227 Baraheen-e-Ahmadiyya 227 Battle 226 Badr 226 Hunain 230 Jamal 241 Khandaq or Ahzaab 227 Khyber 228 Mautaa 235 Mecca 229 Saffain 242 Tabook 230 Uhud 226 Bawa Nanak 253 Bed prayer on going to 147 Believer promise of 125 purpose of life 16 qualities 102 unity among 127 Books.See Holy Books Books of Allah See also Holy Books Belief in 7 Buddha 22 Bukhari 92 C Call to prayer 183 Centenary Celebrations 278 Centenary Jubilee Scheme 273 Cheating 126 Children for having 138 prayer for 170 treatment of 103 Christians 60 Cleanliness 37, 113 Clothes prayer before new 151 Comments on this book v Hadhrat Khalifatul Masih v Maulana Dost Muhammad Shahid vi Convention of Great Religions 253 Correct Recitation.See Qur’an: Recitation D Da‘wat IlAllah Program 277 Darveshaan 269 Day of Judgment belief in 8 Day of Resurrection 320 See Day of Judgment Debt prayer for avoiding 164 Decree 5 accepting 161 belief in 9 Distress prayer in 158 Dowie, Alexander 258 Drugs 117 Durood 194 E Eating etiquette 111 prayer after 146 prayer after feast 150 prayer before 145 Eclipses of moon and sun 252 Eeman 5.See also Faith ‘Eid 181 ‘Eid-ul-Adhiya 167 ‘Eid-ul-Fitr 167 Enemy prayer for protection 156 protection from 168 F Fadl-e-‘Umar Foundation 272 Faith 5, 322 Articles 5 declaration of 10 Fajr 179 Family prayer for 139 Fasting 322, 324.See also Ramadan in Ramadan 13, 322, 324 prayer on beginning 149 prayer on ending 150 Father prayer for 140 Fatimah 232 Financial Condition prayer for improving 164 First World War 258 Forgiveness asking for 138 Friday Prayer 198 Funeral Prayer 203 G Gift, tacking back 95 Giving 112 in the way of Allah 118 Greetings 114 Grief Prayer for relief 169

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367 367 367 367 367 H Hafsah 233 Hajj 11, 215 ‘Arafaat 13 Ihram 12 Mina 13 Sa‘ee 12 Talbiyyah 12 Tawaaf 12 Hakeem Maulvi Noor-ud-deen 263, 329 education 263 family background 263 illness and demise 265 Khilafat 265 life in Qadian 264 profession 263 Harm prayer for protection 165 Hasan 232 Hearsay 100 Heraclius 228 Hijrah 225 Hilful-Fadool 22 Holy Books 5, 316 Holy Prophet sa at Medina 226 birth and childhood 222 children of 231 demise of 230 family background 221 first Revelation 223 invites kings 228 last pilgrimage 230 life of 221 love for 95, 220 mosque of 226 received delegations 230 wives of 231-233 youth 222 Holy Qur’an.See Qur’an Home prayer on entering 147 prayer on leaving 146 Hudaibiyah 229 truce of 228 Hunain 230 Husain 232 Hypocrite characteristics of 108 I I‘tikaaf 14, 325 Ibn Majah 92 Ibraheem 221 Ihraam 326 Illness prayer for recovery 163 recovery from 168 visiting one in 154 Imam Malik 92 Intoxicants 117 Iqaamah 187 Ishaa’ 179 Islam 323 definition 4 distinctive features 17 introduction 3, 91 is a new perspective 18 pillars of 10 revival of 19 Islamic Calendar 225 Istikhaarah Prayer 200 J Jalsa Salana 252 Jang-e-Muqaddas 252 Jealousy 124 Jerusalem 226 Jesus Christ 22 Jesus in India 253 Jews 60 Jihad 23, 312 Journey prayer before 140 Juwairiah 233 K Ka‘bah 12 as Qiblah 226 building of 223 Ka’bah 326 Kalimah 10 Khadijah 222, 232 Khandaq 227 Khatamun- nabiyyeen 22 Khawaarij 242 Khawaja Ghulam Farid 253 Khilafat Ayah istikhlaaf x, 260 Centenary Celebrations x, 262, 290, 361 Khilafat-e-Rashidah 234 The First Khalifa.See Abu Bakr The Second Khalifa.See `Umar The Third Khalifa.See `Uthman The Fourth Khalifa.See `Ali Khilafat-e-Ahmadiyya x, 260 Khalifatul Masih I.See Nooruddin, Maulana Hakeem Khalifatul Masih II.See Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad

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368 368 368 368 368 Khalifatul Masih III.See Mirza Nasir Ahmad Khalifatul Masih IV.See Mirza Tahir Ahmad Khalifatul Masih V.See Mirza Masroor Ahmad Prayers and Worship 361 Two Manifestations of Allah’s Power 261 Khuddamul Ahmadiyya 269, 332 Khutbah lhaamiah 255 Khyber 228 Kindness to Youngers 96 Kinship don’t sever ties 116 Kisra 228 Knowledge 99 of one’s worth 104 prayer for 140 prayer for increase 169 Krishna 22 Kusoof 181 L Lailatul Qadr 14 prayer in 155 Lajna Imaa’illah 269, 332 Last Day 5.See also Day of Judgment Loss prayer for recouping 162 M Maalik-i-yaumideen 27 Maghrib 179 Mahdi 3 Maimunah 234 Mariah Qibtiah 234 Marriage sermon 200 Marwah 12 Masjid Nabawi 226 Maulana Nooruddin.See Nooruddin Mautaa 235 Mecca 229 Mercy asking for 138 showing 116 Migration prayer for 141 to Medina 225 Mina 13 Mirza Bashir Ahmad 244, 250 Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad 244, 250, 266, 329 attempt on life 270 beginning of revelation 267 birth 266 claim to be Muslih Mau’ood 269 education 266 Khilafat 268 Promised Reformer 269 Mirza Ghulam Ahmad.See Promised Messiah as Mirza Hadi Baig 245 Mirza Masroor Ahmad 281 birth 281 Baitul futuh mosque 279, 284 early life 281 election as khalifah 283 family tree 281 historic pledge 290 Innee ma‘aka yaa masroor 290 Jamia ahmadiyya 286 Khilafat Jubilee 286, 288, 290 peace conference 288 prayers and worship 361 May 27, 2008 289 visits abroad 289 Landmarks of his Khilafat 283 Second Address 362 Service in Africa 282 Service at Rabwah 282 Tahir Foundation 282 Visits Abroad 286 Mirza Nasir Ahmad 262, 271, 330 birth 271 demise 274 early life 271 education 271 Khilafat 272 Love for All, Hatred for None 273 Masjid Basharat Spain 273 services to Jama’at 271 Waqf-e-‘Ardi 273 Mirza Sharif Ahmad 244, 250 Mirza Tahir Ahmad 262, 275, 330 birth 275 comments on this book v demise 280 education 275 Khilafat 276 Maryam Shadi Fund 279 migration 277 MTA 278 last friday sermon 280 mubahila 277 Waqf-e-Nau Scheme 277, 333 Moderation 126 Modesty 124 Moon prayer on new 152 Mosque prayer on entering 148, 183 prayer on leaving 149, 183 respect of 182

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369 369 369 369 369 significance of 182 Mother prayer for 40 status of 100 MTA 278 Mubahila 253, 277 Muhammad sa.See Holy Prophet sa Muslih Mau’ood 237, 263, 266 Muslim conduct 117, 119, 124 is a mirror 110 prayer for 171 purpose of life 16 qualities 102 unity among 125 takes wisdom 119 Muslim Television Ahmadiyya.See MTA N Najjashi 228 Nasiratul Ahmadiyya 269, 332 Nawab Amatul Hafeez 250 Nawab Mubarkah Begum 250 Need prayer in 202 Neighbour rights of 112 Nisa’ee 92 Noorul Qur’an 253 Nooruddin, Maulana Hakeem 262, 263 background 263 Bai`at 263 demise 265 Khilafat 264 Nusrat Jehan 248 Nusrat Jehan Scheme 272 P Paigham-e-Sulah 259 Pandit Lekhram 254 Parents prayer for 40 Pause Signs 49 Peace making peace 125 Pilgrimage 11, 325.See also Hajj last 230, 235 Plague 255 Prayer acceptance of 123 call to 183 Friday 198 funeral 203 importance of 136, 218 Istikharah 200 persistence in 101 Vitr 198 when in need 202 Prayer, Daily.See Salat Promised Messiah 245, 327 Allah the Exalted 26 appointment as Reformer 248 attempted murder case 254 birth and childhood 245 case of post office 248 children of 244, 250 claim 250 debate of Ludhiana 251 demise 260 family background 245 father’s death 247 first Bai`at 250 first book 240 first Jalsa Salana 252 first marriage 246 first revelation 247 job in Sialkot 246 journey to Hoshiarpur 249 journey to Lahore 259 Khulafaa of 262 love for the Holy Prophet sa 220 martyrdom of Sahibzada Abdul Lateef 257 mission of 20 naming of Jama`at 256 prophecy about Lekhram 254 prophecy about Plague 255 prophecy about World War 1 258 revealed sermon 255 second advent 134 second marriage 248 sign of Dr.Dowie 258 sign of eclipses 252 sign of meteors 249 sign of red drops 249 Prophet definition 317 Prophets 5 belief in 8 Punishment averting 139 Q Qadian 245, 269 Qaseedah.See Al-Qaseedah Qiblah 226 Qunoot Prayer 198 Qur’an 35 Aal-’Imraan 66 Al-’Asr 82 Al-A’laa 76

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370 370 370 370 370 Al-Ahzaab 72 Al-An’aam 67 Al-Baqarah 63 Al-Falaq 86 Al-Fatiha 55, 189 Al-Feel 83 Al-Ghaashiah 77 Al-Hashr 74 Al-Humazah 82 Al-Ikhlaas 85, 190 Al-Inshiraah 79 Al-Kaafiroon 84 Al-Kahf 70 Al-Kauthar 84 Al-Lahab 85 Al-Maa’oon 84 Al-Mulk 75 Al-Qaari’ah 81 Al-Qadr 80 Al-Quraish 83 An-Naas 86 An-Nahl 69 An-Nasr 85 At-Taariq 75 At-Takaathur 82 At-Teen 80 Az-Zilzaal 81 Banee-Israa’eel 69 Compilation 35 Etiquette 36 Fountain-head of Bliss 88 Haa Meem Sajdah 73 Learning 98 Recitation 40, 41 safeguarding of 18, 35 teaching 98 R Rabbul’Alameen 57, 315 Rabwah 269 Rain prayer during 163 prayer on hearing thunder 163 Raka’at number of 179 Rama Chandra 22 Ramadan 324.See also Fasting blessings of fasting 14 fasting in 13 I’tikaaf 14 Lailatul Qadr 14 month of 13 Religion definition 3 differences 4 universal 4 Repentance 103 Respect for Elders 96 Responsible 115 Rukoo’ 191 Ruler 115, 126 S Sa‘ad bin Abi Waqqaas 224 Sa’ee 12 Sadaqah 93 Safiah 233 Sahibzada Abdul Lateef 257 Sajdah 192 prayer in 171 Tilawat 38 Salat 11, 175, 322 Ablution 186 Adhaan 183 Al-Fatihah 189 Al-Ikhlaas 190 At-ta’awwuz 189 At-Tashah-hud 193 cause of blessing 172 ‘Eid 181 etiquette of 180 Fard 178 importance 175 Intention 188 Iqaamah 187 Kusoof 161 Nafl 178 Nawaafil.See Salat: Nafl Prayers 194 Prayers after 195 Qunoot prayer 198 Raka’at 179 Rukoo’ 197 Sajdah 198 Salaam 195 Salat’alan-Nabee 194 Sunnah 178 Tahajjad 180 Tahmeed 192 Taraweeh 181 Tasbeeh 195 Tasmee’ 191 Tayammum 186 Thanaa’ 188 timings 179 travelling and 180 types of 178 Waajib 178 Wudu 186 Salman Farsi 134, 227

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371 371 371 371 371 Saudah 232 Second Advent 134 Sin abuse 110 adultery 321 backbiting 321 dishonesty 321 stealing 321 suicide 321 Sins repentance from 103 Speaking 94 goodness 106 Spending in the way of Allah 122.See also Giving Spirituality prayer for 168, 170 Spouse prayer in privacy 161 treatment 113 Success prayer for 159 Sunnah and Hadith 91 type of Salat 178 T Taa’if 225 Tabligh prayer in 141, 171 Tabook 230 Tahajjud 180 Talhah bin ‘Ubaidah 224 Taqwaa 124 Taraweeh 181, 325 Tasmee’ 191 Tawaaf 326 Tayammum 186 Thanaa’ 188 The Will 258 Tirmidhi 92 Toilet prayer on entering 144 prayer on leaving 144 Transliteration Note x Travel salat in 180 Trust 126 Truth 127 U Uhud 226 ‘Umar 237 character 238 Farooq 237 Khattaab 237 Khilafat 237 Umayyah 242 Ummi Habibah 233 Ummi Salmah 233 `Umrah 13, 325 Unity 127 `Uthman 228, 239 demise 240 Ghani 239 Khilafat 239 life 239 V Victory the ultimate 24 Violence against Ahmadis 1974 273 Vitr Prayer 198 W Waking prayer on 143 Waqf-e-Jadid 270 Waqf-e-Nau 277, 333 Waraqa bin Naufal 223 Washroom prayer on entering 144 prayer on leaving 144 Wife treatment of 113 Wisdom 119 Worldwide Ba’iat 279 Wudu 186 Z Zainab Bint Jahsh 233 Zainab Bint Khuzaimah 233 Zakat 11, 324 Zoroaster 22 Zubair bin al-‘Awwaam 224 Zuhr 179

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372 372 372 372 372 Notes Notes Notes Notes Notes

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